1-Write down any two of the best strategies to tackle the problem of roadside objects like trees, poles, and road signs. 1-Protecting roadsides objects with barriers to absorb part of the impact energy. 2-Introducing a clear zone at the side of the road. 3-Designing roadside objects so that they are more “forgiving”. 4-Protecting vehicle occupants from the consequences of collisions with roadside object, through better vehicle design. 2- Write down any two of the care delivering post-crash to avoid preventable death and disability. -Pre-hospital -Hospital care -Rehabilitation 3- What are the four main purposes for developing a new system approach to road crash injury prevention? 1-Identify problems. 2-Formulate strategy. 3-Set targets. 4-Monitor performance. 4- List any two of the databases and websites of various international and national organizations that compile road transport statistics. 1-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2-International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD). 3-Department for Transport, United Kingdom. 5- List any two of the WHO regions in the world that were included in the report on road traffic injuries and prevention in 2002. 1-African region. 2-South-East Asia region. 3-European region. 4-Region of the Americans 6- Mention, two main models for predicting future trends in road traffic fatalities. 1-the WHO Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2- the World Bank’s Traffic Fatalities and Economic Growth (TFEC) project (1), using transport, population and economic data. 7-List any two of the Legislation and road user behavior to reduce RTIs. 1-Reducing speed 2-Increasing helmet use 3-Reducing drink-driving 4-Increasing seat belt use 5-Reducing drug-driving 8- List any four of the ten risk factors influencing crash involvement. 1-Speed 2-Young drivers and riders 3-Alcohol 4-Driver fatigue 5-Hand-held mobile devices 9- Write down any Two, impacts of road traffic injuries on the health, society, and economy. 1-Loss of productivity 2-Increase poverty. 3-Human capital lost. 4-Victim emotional pain. 5-Medical treatment cost 6-Cost of long-term care and rehabilitation Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) ❖ Defined as “those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, development, behavioral or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally.” distribution of injury in population Injuries could equal more than 50 million a year. Injuries represent ❖ 12% of the global burden of disease ❖ third most prominent cause of overall mortality ❖ main cause of death for 1 – 40 year olds In low income countries, road traffic fatalities is among pedestrians, cyclists, occupants of buses, occupants of two-wheeled vehicles. In high income countries, fatalities are among occupants of cars.

1. ABO TALAL
Chapter 1:
1. What is the aim of WHO / World Bank report on road traffic injury prevention?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫والبنك‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫من‬ ‫الهدف‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
Increase awareness of road traffic ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫بحركة‬ ‫الوعي‬ ‫زيادة‬
b. Update new model for traffic management
c. Update the infrastructure of some cities
d. Taking care of air pollution
2. Each of the following with the exception of which one is a main goal of the report on road injury
prevention prepared by the World Health Organization and World Bank?
‫الدولي؟‬ ‫والبنك‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫أعدته‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتقرير‬ ‫رئيسيا‬ ‫هدفا‬ ‫يشكل‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Create a greater level of awareness, commitment and informed decision-making at the policy levels
B. Develop a single action plan to be implemented worldwide
C. Help strengthen institutions and create effective partnerships to deliver safer road traffic systems
D. Provide sound justification for the nature of road traffic injury problem and successful prevention
efforts
3. What is the Objectives of WHO / World Bank report on road traffic injury prevention?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫والبنك‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
a. Describe the problems of RTIs
b. Describe the infrastructure of some cities
c. Find the solution of traffic jams by talking with engineers
d. Taking care of environmental pollution
4. Which of the following is not objective of WHO/ world bank report on road traffic injuries?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫البنك‬/‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫لتقرير‬ ‫هدفا‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Encourage professionals from the fields of health ‫الصحية‬ ‫المجاالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫المهنيين‬ ‫تشجيع‬
b. Examine the reasons and factors ‫والعوامل‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫فحص‬
c. Make recommendations for action at all levels of society ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستويات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫على‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫توصيات‬ ‫تقديم‬
d. Describe the problems of RTIs

2. ABO TALAL
5. What is the Objective of WHO / World Bank report on road traffic injury prevention?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫والبنك‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫من‬ ‫الهدف‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
A. Describe interventions and strategies to address RTIs problems
‫مشاكل‬ ‫لمعالجة‬ ‫واالستراتيجيات‬ ‫التدخالت‬ ‫وصف‬ RTIs
B. Describe the infrastructure of some cities
C. Find the solution of traffic jams by talking with engineers
D. Taking care of environmental pollution
RTIs = Road Traffic Injury
6. What is the Objective of WHO / World Bank report on road traffic injury prevention? ‫عدد‬
4
1. Describe the problem • ‫المشكلة‬ ‫وصف‬
2. Examine the reasons and factors ‫والعوامل‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫فحص‬
3. Describe interventions and strategies to address the problem • ‫المشكلة‬ ‫لمعالجة‬ ‫واالستراتيجيات‬ ‫التدخالت‬ ‫وصف‬
4. Make recommendations for action at all levels of society ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستويات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫على‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫توصيات‬ ‫تقديم‬
7. How many people killed every year due to road traffic crashes?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫عام‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يقتلون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫كم‬
a. 1.2 million
b. 1.5. million
c. 1.4 million
d. Million
8. Why Road traffic injury is a public health concern?
‫العمومية؟‬ ‫للصحة‬ ‫قلق‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫لماذا‬
a. It is the first reason of mortality in all countries
b. It is the second reason of mortality in all countries
c. It is main reason of death for people who over 60 year old
d. It is main cause of death for 1-40 year olds ‫سنة‬ 04-1 ‫بين‬ ‫أعمارهم‬ ‫تتراوح‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫لألطفال‬ ‫للوفاة‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫هو‬ .
9. Why Road traffic injury is a public health concern?
‫تشكل‬ ‫لماذا‬
‫العمومية؟‬ ‫للصحة‬ ‫قلق‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬
a. It is the third main reason of overall mortality ‫اإلجمالية‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬
b. It is the first reason of mortality
c. It is the second reason of mortality
d. It is main reason for people who over 50-year-old
+12% of the global burden of disease

3. ABO TALAL
10. Why the estimates of the annual number of road deaths vary?
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫السنوي‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫تقديرات‬ ‫تختلف‬ ‫لماذا‬
 Limitations of injury data collection and analysis ‫وتحليلها‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫على‬ ‫المفروضة‬ ‫القيود‬
 Problems of underreporting
 Differences in interpretation
11. What percentage of death was reported by WHO, in Low and Middle- income countries, which due to
the road traffic crashes each year?
‫أ‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫المئوية‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫عام‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫والتي‬ ،‫الدخل‬ ‫والمتوسطة‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ،‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫بلغت‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫بسبب‬
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 90% and 96 of all children
D) 100%
12. SDG3 on health includes a target to reduce the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic
accidents by what percentage?
‫الهدف‬ ‫يتضمن‬
3
‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫واإلصابات‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫خفض‬ ‫في‬ ‫يتمثل‬ ‫هدفا‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫المستدامة‬ ‫التنمية‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫من‬
‫مئوية؟‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫بأي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬
A. 25%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 66%
13. Which of the following age group peoples has faced more Road Traffic Injuries in worldwide incidents?
‫العالم؟‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المزيد‬ ‫واجه‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫العمرية‬ ‫الفئات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A) 15-44 years =50% of deaths
B) 45-50 years
C) 51-60 years
D) 61-70 years
14. Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among which age group worldwide?
‫العالم؟‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫عمرية‬ ‫فئة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫للوفاة‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬
A. under 15 years of age
B. Between 15 and 29 years of age = children aged 5–14 years = second-leading cause of death
C. Between 30 and 39 years of age
D. Between 40 and 55 years of age

4. ABO TALAL
15. In which area of the world do pedestrians incur the highest percentage of road traffic deaths?
‫يت‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫من‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫المشاة‬ ‫كبد‬
A. African region + low-income countries
B. Eastern Mediterranean region
C. South-East Asia region
D. Western Pacific region
16. Who are the most vulnerable road users?
‫ضعفا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمو‬ ‫هم‬ ‫من‬
‫؟‬
A-Bus occupants
B-Car drivers
C-Pedestrians and cyclists -‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫المشاة‬ + motorcyclists
D-Truck riders
17. Which of the following road users are experiencing greater risk when they are using roads?
‫عند‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫يواجه‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫للطرق؟‬ ‫استخدامهم‬
a. Pedestrians and cyclists + motorcyclists
b. Occupants of two-wheeled vehicles.
c. Occupants of trains
d. Occupants of buses
18. Who are more "vulnerable road users" have occurred in road accidents in low and middle-income
countries worldwide?
‫هم‬ ‫من‬
‫العالم؟‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫والمتوسطة‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫وقعوا‬ ‫الذين‬ "‫ضعفا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫"مستخدمو‬
Pedestrians, pedal cyclists and motorcyclists ‫النارية‬ ‫والدراجات‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبو‬ ‫المشاة‬
19. Who are considered “vulnerable road users”?
‫هم‬ ‫من‬
‫الضعفاء"؟‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫"مستخدمي‬ ‫يعتبرون‬ ‫الذين‬
A. Babies held on laps
B. Children under age of 10
C. Pedestrians, pedal cyclists and motorcyclists
D. Occupants of small, compact cars
20. The risk of dying in a road crash is far higher for car occupants that for other road users, such as
pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists?
‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫المشاة‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫الطريق‬ ‫بمستخدمي‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫لركاب‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫بكثير‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫سير‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫الموت‬ ‫خطر‬
‫النارية؟‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬
Answer false

5. ABO TALAL
21. What are the annual injured cases of road traffic crashes reported by World Health
Organization (WHO)?
‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫أبلغت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫لإلصابات‬ ‫السنوية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
A) 1-5 million
B) 10-20 million
C) 20-50 million
D) 5-10 million
22. Among leading causes of the global burden of disease, to what rank order of disability adjusted
life years (DALYs) are road crash injuries expected to rise by 2020?
‫اإلعاقة‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫المعدلة‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫لسنوات‬ ‫ترتيب‬ ‫أي‬ ‫إلى‬ ،‫لألمراض‬ ‫العالمي‬ ‫للعبء‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫بين‬ ‫من‬ (DALYs) ‫المتو‬ ‫من‬
‫قع‬
‫عام‬ ‫بحلول‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫ترتفع‬ ‫أن‬
0202
‫؟‬
A. Second = Unipolar major depression
B. Third
C. Fifth = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. Eighth = War
‫عام‬ ‫التاسع‬
0992
23. Which of the following is widely used, can give the impression, probably unintended, of
inevitability and unpredictability – an event that cannot be managed?
‫التنبؤ‬ ‫على‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫وعدم‬ ‫الحتمية‬ ‫عن‬ ،‫المقصود‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ربما‬ ،‫االنطباع‬ ‫يعطي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ،‫واسع‬ ‫نطاق‬ ‫على‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
-
‫إدارته؟‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫وهو‬
Accident
24. Which of the following is an event, or series of events, amenable to rational analysis and
remedial action?
‫العالجية‬ ‫واإلجراءات‬ ‫العقالني‬ ‫للتحليل‬ ‫قابلة‬ ،‫األحداث‬ ‫من‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫حدثا‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Crash
25. Most traffic crashes are both predictable and preventable?
‫التنب‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫معظم‬
‫منها‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫بها‬ ‫ؤ‬ .
Answer true

6. ABO TALAL
26. Which of the following represents a fundamental understanding for road injury prevention and
control?
‫ومكافحتها؟‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫أساسيا‬ ‫فهما‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A) Road crash injury is preventable and predictable ‫بها‬ ‫التنبؤ‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫منها‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫إصابات‬
B) Road crash injury should not be a social equity issue
C) Road safety is the responsibility of police traffic only
D) Traffic system cannot help to cope with increasingly demanding conditions
27. Road crash injury is a social equity issue?
‫اجتماعية‬ ‫عدالة‬ ‫قضية‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬.
Answer true
28. What is the sector can be a responsible for increasing awareness about the need for better data
collection system?
‫يك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫القطاع‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
‫البيانات؟‬ ‫لجمع‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الحاجة‬ ‫حول‬ ‫الوعي‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫مسؤوال‬ ‫ون‬
Health sector ‫الصحي‬ ‫القطاع‬
29. What is the important reason for historical neglect of road crash injuries in public health?
‫العا‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫إلصابات‬ ‫التاريخي‬ ‫لإلهمال‬ ‫المهم‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
‫مة؟‬
A-Comprehensive view of accidents
B-Lack of financial resources
C-Traditional view of accidents as random event ‫عشوائي‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫على‬ ‫للحوادث‬ ‫التقليدية‬ ‫النظرة‬
D-Weakness of road network
30. All of the following with the exception of which one are types of good data needed for a
scientific approach to road safety?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫للسالمة‬ ‫علمي‬ ‫لنهج‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫الجيدة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫من‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Detailed understanding of circumstances that lead to crashes ‫حوادث‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تؤدي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للظروف‬ ‫مفصل‬ ‫فهم‬
B. How injuries are caused and of what type they are ‫هي‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫كيف‬
C. Incidence and types of crashes are needed ‫حدوث‬
‫وأنواعها‬ ‫الحوادث‬
D. Views of key political leaders

7. ABO TALAL
31. What is the base that should guide the practice of public health to prevent road traffic injuries?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫ممارسة‬ ‫بها‬ ‫تسترشد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ينبغي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫القاعدة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
a. The public health approach should be based on health concerns
b. The public health approach should be based on road safety engineering
c. The public health approach should be based on traffic regulations
d. The public health approach should be on facts and science
‫والعلم‬ ‫الحقائق‬ ‫على‬ ‫قائما‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ينبغي‬ .‫د‬
32. When motorized traffic mixes with pedestrians, cyclists and moped riders, the speed limit must be under
what level?
‫مستوى؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫للسرعة‬ ‫األقصى‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ، ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫المشاة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫تختلط‬ ‫عندما‬
A. 20 km/h
B. 30 km/h
C. 40 km/h
D. 50 km/h
33. What is the effective road crash injury prevention approach?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫الفعال‬ ‫النهج‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
System approach
34. An essential tool for effective road crash injury prevention is the adoption of a systems
approach to?‫؟‬ ‫ل‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫اعتماد‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفعالة‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫أساسية‬ ‫أداة‬
1. Identify problems ‫المشاكل‬ ‫تحديد‬
2. Formulate strategy ‫االستراتيجية‬ ‫صياغة‬
3. Set targets ‫األهداف‬ ‫حدد‬ .
4. Monitor performance ‫األداء‬ ‫مراقبة‬
35. What is the Haddon Matrix? ‫هادون؟‬ ‫مصفوفة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
A. Determines improvements needed on a specific road based on use, physical dimensions, geography
B. Helps plan strategy for achieving public policy changes by considering different information sources
with various policy making agents
C. Identifies coordination gaps between different political and business sectors with respect to safety
administration
D. Looks at factors related to the person, agent and environment before, during and after an injury as a
way to reduce casualties
‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحد‬ ‫كوسيلة‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫وبعد‬ ‫وأثناء‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫والبيئة‬ ‫والعامل‬ ‫بالشخص‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ينظر‬

8. ABO TALAL
36. All of the following with the exception of which one are key ways that industry shares
responsibility for road injury prevention?
‫هي‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المسؤولية‬ ‫الصناعة‬ ‫بها‬ ‫تتقاسم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الطرق‬
A. Design and use of its products ‫منتجاتها‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫تصميم‬
B. Employer whose staff and transport services are often major road users
‫وخدمات‬ ‫موظفوه‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫صاحب‬
‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫كبار‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقل‬
C. Supporter of work on crashes and injuries ‫واإلصابات‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫على‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫داعم‬
D. Taxpayer for government initiatives
37. What is the role of car industry in road injury prevention?
‫ال‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫صناعة‬ ‫دور‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
‫طرق؟‬
Designing safe vehicles
38. Which of the following are important to Achieving better performance of RTIS prevention?
‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ RTIS‫؟‬
Targets to motivate professionals ‫المهنيين‬ ‫لتحفيز‬ ‫أهداف‬
39. Which one of the following are important to achieving better performance of RTIs prevention?
‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ RTIs‫؟‬
Acceptance of the idea of shared responsibility ‫المسؤولية‬ ‫تقاسم‬ ‫فكرة‬ ‫قبول‬
 Management based on outcome or results
 Partnerships between central and local government
 Partnerships involving other
40. All of the following with the exception of which one are proven recent methods in traffic safety
management?= Achieving better performance
‫السال‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫المثبتة‬ ‫الحديثة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫هي‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
‫المرورية؟‬ ‫مة‬
A. Acceptance of the idea of shared responsibility
B. Central agency with primary responsibility
C. Management based on outcome or results using objective information
D. Targets to motivate professionals
0
0
0
0

9. ABO TALAL
41. Which of the following is proven method in traffic safety management?
‫المرورية؟‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مثبتة‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A) Acceptance of the idea of shared responsibility
B) Apply key political leaders management approach
C) Central agency with primary responsibility
D) Motivate car users to reduce their mobility
42. The road safety is a shared responsibility between which of the following bodies?
‫التالية؟‬ ‫الهيئات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫مشتركة‬ ‫مسؤولية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫السالمة‬
Government, public health professionals, vehicle manufacturers
‫و‬ ،‫الحكومة‬
‫السيارات‬ ‫ومصنعو‬ ،‫العامة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫مهنيو‬
43. Which are the countries in particular have formally adopted the systems approach to road
safety?
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫للسالمة‬ ‫النظم‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫رسميا‬ ‫اعتمدت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخصوص‬ ‫وجه‬ ‫على‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Sweden and the Netherlands
44. A traffic safety target must have each of the following components with the exception of which
one?
‫منها؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
A. Multi-dimensional
B. Possible to evaluate
C. Quantitative
D. Time dependent
Targets must be
 quantitative,
 time-dependent,
 easily intelligible
 possible to evaluate
‫تقييمها‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫الفهم‬ ‫وسهلة‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫على‬ ‫وتعتمد‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
45. Why new cars are subjected to crash tests?
‫التصادم؟‬ ‫الختبارات‬ ‫الجديدة‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫تخضع‬ ‫لماذا‬
To check safety performance ‫السالمة‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫من‬ ‫للتحقق‬

10. ABO TALAL
46. What is NCAP?
A. European collaborative designing, implementing and testing safer roadway design
B. Organization that provides an independent assessment of the safety level of new cars
‫م‬ ‫تقييما‬ ‫تقدم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المنظمة‬ .
‫الجديدة‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫سالمة‬ ‫لمستوى‬ ‫ستقال‬
C. Partnership of Asian nations focused on motorcycle safety
D. Program targeting traffic data development in low- and middle-income nations
Chapter 2:
1. Which of the following is an essential indicator of the scale of any health problem including injury?
‫اإلصابة؟‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫مشكلة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫على‬ ‫أساسيا‬ ‫مؤشرا‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Accidents
b. Disease
c. Morbidity
d. Mortality
2. How many people killed every year due to road traffic crashes?
‫عام‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يقتلون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫كم‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫بسبب‬
e. 1.2 million
f. 1.5. million
g. 1.4 million
h. Million
3. What are the annual injured cases of road traffic crashes reported by World Health Organization
(WHO)?
‫أبلغت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫لإلصابات‬ ‫السنوية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫عنها‬
A) 1-5 million
B) 10-20 million
C) 20-50 million
D) 5-10 million
4. What is the percentage of road traffic death in high-income countries?
‫الدخل؟‬ ‫المرتفعة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫المئوية‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
40%
30%
20%
10%

11. ABO TALAL
5. In which area of the world do pedestrians incur the highest percentage of road traffic deaths?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫المشاة‬ ‫يتكبد‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫من‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬
A. African region
B. Eastern Mediterranean region
C. South-East Asia region
D. Western Pacific region
6. Which of the following region shown highest mortality rate according to the “World Health
Organization” (WHO) report in road traffic crashes?
‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫"منظمة‬ ‫لتقرير‬ ‫وفقا‬ ‫وفيات‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫أظهرت‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫من‬ ‫"أي‬ (WHO) ‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬
A) Africa region
B) Asia region
C) Atlantic region
D) European region
7. Which of the following region has the highest mortality rate in road traffic accidents?
‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫وفيات‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫لديها‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫الطرق؟‬
a . African region
b. Asian Region
c. Australian Region
d. European region
8. What is the most region in the world in mortality rate due to RTI?
‫بسبب‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫في‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬ RTI‫؟‬
Africa
9. Which of the following region has the lowest mortality rate in road traffic accidents?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫وفيات‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أدنى‬ ‫لديها‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a. African region
b. Asian region
c. Australian region
d. European region

12. ABO TALAL
10. Which world region is the only region where high-income countries have a higher road traffic death
rate than low- or middle-income countries?
‫من‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫على‬ ‫وفيات‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫المرتفعة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫تشهد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الوحيدة‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫الدخل؟‬ ‫المتوسطة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬
A. African region
B. Eastern Mediterranean region ‫المتوسط‬ ‫شرق‬ ‫منطقة‬ -
C. South-east Asian region
D. Western Pacific region
WHO region Low-income and middle-income countries High-income countries
African Region 28.3
Region of the Americas 16.2 14.8
South-East Asia Region 18.6
European Region 17.4 11.0
Eastern Mediterranean Region 26.4 19.0
Western Pacific Region 18.5 12.0
11. Which region of the world has the lowest road traffic fatality rate per 100,000 population?
‫للوف‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أدنى‬ ‫لديها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫لكل‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫يات‬
022,222
‫نسمة؟‬
A. African region
B. Americas region
C. Eastern Mediterranean region
D. European region = (11.0 per 100 000 population)
12. What is the second highest middle- and low-income region with a higher mortality rate on road
traffic death?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫ومنخفضة‬ ‫متوسطة‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫ثاني‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
A. African region
B. Eastern Mediterranean region
C. South-east Asian region
D. Western Pacific region

13. ABO TALAL
13. When reviewing traffic death rates due to crashes per 100,000 population, which of the following
exceeds the world-wide average of 17.4 deaths per 100,000 population?
‫لكل‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫معدالت‬ ‫مراجعة‬ ‫عند‬
022,222
‫العالمي‬ ‫المتوسط‬ ‫يتجاوز‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫نسمة‬
‫البالغ‬
0.74
‫لكل‬ ‫وفاة‬ ‫حالة‬
022,222
‫نسمة؟‬
A. High-income countries
B. Low-income countries
C. Low-income and middle-income countries
D. Middle-income and high-income countries
14. Which of the following interventions has attributed to the reduction in road traffic fatalities in
High-income countries?
‫الدخل؟‬ ‫المرتفعة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫انخفاض‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يعزى‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫التدخالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A) Implementation of a wide range of road safety measures ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تدابير‬ ‫من‬ ‫واسعة‬ ‫طائفة‬ ‫تنفيذ‬
B) Increase the number of pedestrians’ road users
C) Increase two-wheeler road users
D) Reduce the size of vehicles
15. Which of the following is effective way to reduce traffic fatalities?
‫الم‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحد‬ ‫فعالة‬ ‫وسيلة‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫رور؟‬
Increasing seat belt use ‫األمان‬ ‫حزام‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫زيادة‬
16. Among leading causes of the global burden of disease, to what rank order of disability adjusted life
years (DALYs) are road crash injuries expected to rise by 2020?
‫ا‬ ‫للعبء‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫بين‬ ‫من‬
‫اإلعاقة‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫المعدلة‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫لسنوات‬ ‫ترتيب‬ ‫أي‬ ‫إلى‬ ،‫لألمراض‬ ‫لعالمي‬ (DALYs) ‫المتوقع‬ ‫من‬
‫عام‬ ‫بحلول‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫ترتفع‬ ‫أن‬
0202
‫؟‬
A. Second = Unipolar major depression
B. Third
C. Fifth = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. Eighth = War

14. ABO TALAL
17. Economic development in low-income nations is an important contribution to mobility, which leads
to increased motorization and what other factor?
‫العامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫وما‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫التنقل‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫مساهمة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫في‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫التنمية‬
‫اآلخ‬
‫ر؟‬
A. Decrease in pedestrian traffic injuries
B. Increased exposure to the risk of dying in a traffic injury ‫مرورية‬ ‫إصابة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫لخطر‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫زيادة‬
C. Reduced infant and child injuries from traffic accidents
D. Sale of safer vehicles
+ Lead to increased road traffic injury
18. Which of the following road users are experiencing greater risk when they are using roads?
‫للطرق؟‬ ‫استخدامهم‬ ‫عند‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫يواجه‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A. Pedestrians and cyclists + motorcyclists
B. Occupants of two-wheeled vehicles.
C. Occupants of trains
D. Occupants of buses
19. Who of the following road users majorly died due to road traffic accidents in low and middle-
income countries?
‫والمتوسطة‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫توفي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫من‬ ‫من‬
‫ا‬
‫لدخل؟‬
Pedestrian and two-wheeler users' ‫العجلتين‬ ‫ومستخدمي‬ ‫المشاة‬
20. All of the following with the exception of which one are recognized ways to reduce bicycle injuries?
‫الدراجات؟‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحد‬ ‫بها‬ ‫معترف‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫هي‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
A . Change the road environment by adding bicycle lanes and repairing road surfaces to remove pot-
holes and dangerous curbs
‫الخطرة‬ ‫والحواجز‬ ‫الحفر‬ ‫إلزالة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫أسطح‬ ‫وإصالح‬ ‫للدراجات‬ ‫ممرات‬ ‫إضافة‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الطريق‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫تغيير‬
B. Enact strict legal limits on alcohol use while bicycling ‫ركوب‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫الكحول‬ ‫تعاطي‬ ‫على‬ ‫صارمة‬ ‫قانونية‬ ‫قيود‬ ‫سن‬
‫الدراجات‬
C. Improve rider behavior such as the use of helmet ‫الخوذ‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الراكب‬ ‫سلوك‬ ‫تحسين‬
‫ة‬
D. Require bicycle operator licenses
+ Legislative and related measures such as laws for helmet use +
‫الخوذة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫قوانين‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الصلة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫والتدابير‬ ‫التشريعية‬ ‫التدابير‬

15. ABO TALAL
21. Which of the following age group peoples has faced more Road Traffic Injuries in worldwide
incidents?
‫عل‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المزيد‬ ‫واجه‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫العمرية‬ ‫الفئات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫العالم؟‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫ى‬
A) 15-44 years =50% of deaths
B) 45-50 years
C) 51-60 years
D) 61-70 years
22. Vulnerable road users are at greater risk than vehicle occupants for traffic fatality in lowand middle-
income countries for all of the following with the exception of which one?
‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫للوفاة‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫ركاب‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫لخطر‬ ‫الضعفاء‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمو‬ ‫ويتعرض‬
‫منها؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫والمتوسطة‬
A. Greater variety of traffic ‫الم‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫مجموعة‬
‫رور‬
B. Intensity of traffic mix ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫مزيج‬ ‫كثافة‬
C. Lack of separation from other road users ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫الطريق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫عدم‬
D. Minimal focus on surrounding activity
23. All of the following are an impacts of RTIs on society except one?
‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
‫آثار‬ RTIs ‫واحد؟‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫على‬
a. Decreased Poverty
b. Lost economic opportunity ‫الضائعة‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫الفرصة‬
c. Loss of productivity ‫اإلنتاجية‬ ‫فقدان‬
d. Medical treatment cost
24. Which one of the following is considered society impact of RTIs ?
‫تأ‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫من‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫ثير‬ RTIs‫؟‬
a. Increased economic opportunity
b. Increased productivity
c. Improved emotional status
d. Increased poverty
1. Lost productivity and lost economic opportunity ‫الضائعة‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫والفرص‬ ‫المفقودة‬ ‫اإلنتاجية‬
2. Diverted institutional resources . ‫المحولة‬ ‫المؤسسية‬ ‫الموارد‬
3. Medical treatment cost, lost “human capital” ‫البشري‬ ‫المال‬ ‫"رأس‬ ‫وفقدان‬ ،‫الطبي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫تكلفة‬"
4. Cost of long-term care and rehabilitation ‫تكلفة‬
‫التأهيل‬ ‫وإعادة‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫الطويلة‬ ‫الرعاية‬
5. Victim emotional pain ‫األلم‬
‫للضحية‬ ‫العاطفي‬
6. Increased poverty. ‫الفقر‬ ‫زيادة‬

16. ABO TALAL
25. What other RTI impacts are there to society? ‫شورت‬
‫تأثيرات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬ RTI ‫المجتمع؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫األخرى‬
1- Loss of productivity.
2- Increase poverty.
3- Human capital lost.
4- Victim emotional pain.
26. Each of the following with the exception of one is an important reason to estimate the cost to
society of road crashes?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫من‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫يتحملها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫لتقدير‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Allowing comparisons of the impact of road crashes with other causes of death and injury
B. Bringing attention to the impact of injuries and ensuing disabilities
C. Making licensing fees more equitable
D. Raising awareness of road crashes as a social problem
 Raising awareness of the seriousness ‫بخطورة‬ ‫الوعي‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫رفع‬
 make proper comparisons between road traffic crashes and other causes
 social cost of road traffic crashes is a reflection of the social benefits
‫االجتماعية‬ ‫للفوائد‬ ‫انعكاس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫لحوادث‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫التكلفة‬
Low and Middle = 90% ‫الحوادث‬ ‫نسبة‬
Psychosocial impact = suffered by victims ‫الضحايا‬ ‫معاناة‬ = ‫واالجتماعي‬ ‫النفسي‬ ‫األثر‬
 Injured people often suffer physical pain and emotional anguish that is beyond
any economic compensation.
‫اقتصادي‬ ‫تعويض‬ ‫أي‬ ‫يتجاوز‬ ‫عاطفي‬ ‫وكرب‬ ‫جسدي‬ ‫ألم‬ ‫من‬ ‫الجرحى‬ ‫يعاني‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬.
Even relatively minor injuries can have profound psychosocial effects
‫عميقة‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫نفسية‬ ‫آثار‬ ‫لها‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫نسبيا‬ ‫البسيطة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫حتى‬
27. Most of the data used in road traffic injury prevention and road safety are provided by police
departments and which other group?
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫والسالمة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫معظم‬
‫أخرى؟‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫وأي‬ ‫الشرطة‬ ‫إدارات‬ ‫توفرها‬
A. Government road agencies
B. Hospitals
C. Insurance companies
D. Transportation companies

17. ABO TALAL
28. Which of the following provides most of the data used in road traffic injury prevention and road
safety?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫والسالمة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫يوفر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A) Police department and hospitals + previous studies
B) Published articles
C) Surveillance agencies
D) World Health Organization
29. Each of the following with the exception of which one is a good approach to collecting and keeping
data and evidence on road traffic injuries?
‫منه‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫باإلصابات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫واألدلة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫وحفظ‬ ‫لجمع‬ ‫جيدا‬ ‫نهجا‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫ا‬
‫الطرق؟‬
A. Community based surveys
B. Locally designed and maintained surveillance
C. National injury surveillance systems ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫لمراقبة‬ ‫الوطنية‬ ‫النظم‬
D. Surveys on selected themes -
‫مختارة‬ ‫مواضيع‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫االستقصائية‬ ‫الدراسات‬
30. Sources and types of data?‫البيانات؟‬ ‫وأنواع‬ ‫مصادر‬
Sources
1. Police departments
2. Hospitals,
3. Previous studies.
‫السابقة‬ ‫والدراسات‬ ‫المستشفيات‬ ‫الشرطة‬ ‫أقسام‬
Types
4. Injury surveillance systems
5. Surveys on selected themes
6. Data linkages
7. Community-based surveys
31. Why is it important to have an effective data system for RTIs?
‫ل‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المهم‬ ‫من‬ ‫لماذا‬ RTIs‫؟‬
a. Data can be a tool to show the magnitude of a problem ‫المشكلة‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫إلظهار‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
b. Data can be only useful in low and middle income countries
c. In fact, data is not a priority in in the RTI issue
d. Data can be only useful in high –income countries

18. ABO TALAL
32. Which of the following is an important tool for measuring the magnitude of a problem and for
setting targets and assessing performance?
‫األداء؟‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫وتحديد‬ ‫المشكلة‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫لقياس‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Indicators = help set goals and determine results
Indicators
 Show the magnitude of a problem ‫المشكلة‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫إظهار‬
 Help set goals and determine results ‫النتائج‬ ‫وتحديد‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساعدة‬
 Setting targets and assessing performance ‫األداء‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫تحديد‬
33. Which of the following is considered a common indicator for the road traffic injury problem?
‫مؤش‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫لمشكلة‬ ‫شائعا‬ ‫را‬
Number of injuries
 Examples of commonly used indicators
‫االستخدام‬ ‫الشائعة‬ ‫المؤشرات‬ ‫على‬ ‫أمثلة‬
Number of injuries =Useful for planning +cost of medical care +
Number of deaths=Useful for planning
Fatalities per 10 000 vehicles
Fatalities per 100 000 population
Fatalities per vehicle-kilometre travelled
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs
34. What are the very common indicators?
‫جدا‬ ‫الشائعة‬ ‫المؤشرات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
 The number of deaths per 100 000 population
 The number of deaths per 10 000 vehicles
35. What percentage of death was reported by WHO, in Low and Middle- income countries, which due to the
road traffic crashes each year?
‫الدخ‬ ‫والمتوسطة‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ،‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫أبلغت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫المئوية‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫عام‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫والتي‬ ،‫ل‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫بسبب‬
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 90% and 96 of all children
D) 100%
90% of road traffic deaths = Low and Middle

19. ABO TALAL
36. What percentage of road traffic deaths on the world’s roads is among pedestrians, cyclists, and
motorcyclists?
‫النارية؟‬ ‫والدراجات‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫المشاة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫المئوية‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
50%
37. Each of the following with the exception of which one is an important factor in minimizing injury outcomes
in traffic crashes?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫تقليل‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Fully functional ambulance service
B. Health-care staff trained in emergency care ‫الطارئة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫المدربون‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫موظفو‬
C. Quality of care at the crash scene ‫الحادث‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫جودة‬
D. Timely transport to a health-care facility ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مرفق‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المناسب‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫النقل‬
1. Emergency care after an injury is inconsistent ‫متسقة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الطارئة‬ ‫الرعاية‬
2. quality of care at the scene of an accident ‫ج‬
‫الحادث‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫ودة‬
3. Training health-care staff in emergency care ‫الطارئة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫موظفي‬ ‫تدريب‬
38. A successful road traffic safety program requires a national strategy, tangible objectives with
intermediate targets, and collaboration among key stakeholders.?
‫المصلحة‬ ‫أصحاب‬ ‫بين‬ ‫وتعاونا‬ ،‫وسيطة‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ملموسة‬ ‫وأهدافا‬ ،‫وطنية‬ ‫استراتيجية‬ ‫الناجح‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫يتطلب‬
‫الرئيسيين‬.
Answer true
39. All of the following with the exception of which one are important measures of the magnitude of
road traffic safety? = Indicators
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫لحجم‬ ‫هامة‬ ‫مقاييس‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Disability
B. Injuries
C. Insurance claims
D. Mortality
40. Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among which age group worldwide?
‫العالم؟‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫عمرية‬ ‫فئة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫للوفاة‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬
A. Under 15 years of age
B. Between 15 and 29 years of age
C. Between 30 and 39 years of age
D. Between 40 and 55 years of age

20. ABO TALAL
41. Most traffic crashes are both predictable and preventable. True or false?
‫خطأ؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫صح‬ .‫منها‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫بها‬ ‫التنبؤ‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫معظم‬
Answer true
42. Why is road traffic injury as a cause of death across all age groups expected to rise from ninth
currently to seventh by 2030?
‫التاسع‬ ‫من‬ ‫العمرية‬ ‫الفئات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫للوفاة‬ ‫كسبب‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫ترتفع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المتوقع‬ ‫من‬ ‫لماذا‬
‫عام‬ ‫بحلول‬ ‫السابع‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫حاليا‬
0232
‫؟‬
A. Deterioration in highway infrastructure in middle- to high-income countries
B. Escalating death toll in emerging economies where infrastructural development and policy
changes and enforcement do not keep pace with vehicle use
‫المركبات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫وإنفاذها‬ ‫السياسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫والتغييرات‬ ‫التحتية‬ ‫البنية‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫يواكب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫الناشئة‬ ‫االقتصادات‬ ‫في‬ ‫القتلى‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫تصاعد‬
C. Improved living conditions reducing overall number of deaths in low-income countries
D. Introduction of new therapies for major diseases
43. As vehicle ownership grows, each of the following with the exception of which one is an associated
health consequence?
‫مل‬ ‫نمو‬ ‫مع‬
‫بها؟‬ ‫مرتبطة‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬ ، ‫السيارة‬ ‫كية‬
A. Long-term health conditions resulting from road traffic crashes
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الظروف‬
B. Higher rates of respiratory illness ‫بأم‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫معدالت‬ ‫ارتفاع‬
‫التنفسي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫راض‬
C. More eyesight problems resulting from eyestrain incurred while driving, particularly at night
D. Reduced physical activities, such as walking and cycling
‫الدراجات‬ ‫وركوب‬ ‫المشي‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫البدنية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫تقليل‬
44. Each of the following with the exception of which one is an accurate statement about UN General
Assembly resolution 64/255?
‫المتحدة‬ ‫لألمم‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الجمعية‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫حول‬ ‫دقيق‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫هو‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
44
/
022
‫؟‬
A. Established the Decade of Action for Road Safety ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫عقد‬ ‫إنشاء‬
B. Goal is to stabilize and reduce predicted levels of road traffic fatalities worldwide
‫العالم‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫للوفيات‬ ‫المتوقعة‬ ‫المستويات‬ ‫من‬ ‫والحد‬ ‫االستقرار‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الهدف‬
B. Promotes proven cost-effective solutions for making roads safer
‫أمانا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫لجعل‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬ ‫فعاليتها‬ ‫أثبتت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحلول‬ ‫يعزز‬
D. Scope is limited to prevention issues such as making road users safe and developing safer
vehicles

21. ABO TALAL
45. All of the following statements with the exception of which one is part of the methodology for the
WHO report on road traffic safety?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫منهجية‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزءا‬ ‫يشكل‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫جميع‬
A. All data is from 2014
B. Experts from different sectors within each country prepared their own country’s data
‫باء‬
-
‫بلدانهم‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫بلد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫القطاعات‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫من‬ ‫خبراء‬ ‫أعد‬
C. Vehicle standards information was compiled using data from the UN Economic Commission for
Europe
‫جيم‬
-
‫بمعاي‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫جمعت‬
‫ألوروبا‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫األمم‬ ‫لجنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫ير‬
D. WHO team completed an extensive search of online legislative databases and country-level
government websites for legislative road safety documents
‫دال‬
-
‫بحث‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫فريق‬ ‫أكمل‬
‫الحكومية‬ ‫اإللكترونية‬ ‫والمواقع‬ ‫اإلنترنت‬ ‫على‬ ‫التشريعية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مستفيضا‬ ‫ا‬
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫بالسالمة‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫التشريعية‬ ‫الوثائق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بحثا‬ ‫القطري‬ ‫الصعيد‬ ‫على‬
46. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship among population growth,
vehicle registration and traffic deaths between 2010 and 2013?
‫عامي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫والوفيات‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫وتسجيل‬ ‫السكاني‬ ‫النمو‬ ‫بين‬ ‫العالقة‬ ‫حول‬ ‫صحيحا‬ ‫بيانا‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
0202
‫و‬
0203
‫؟‬
A. Increase in traffic deaths was slightly greater than the population growth
B. Leveling out of traffic deaths as both population and vehicle registrations increased
‫باء‬
-
‫السواء‬ ‫على‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫وتسجيل‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫تسوية‬
C. Rise in traffic deaths equaled the percent increase in vehicle registrations
D. Slight decrease in traffic deaths even though population and vehicle registration increased
47. All of the following with the exception of which one is an accurate statement about the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
‫با‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
‫لعام‬ ‫المستدامة‬ ‫التنمية‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫حول‬ ‫دقيق‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫ستثناء‬
0232
A. Acknowledges the strong scientific base around specific road safety targets
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫للسالمة‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫حول‬ ‫القوية‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫بالقاعدة‬ ‫يقر‬
B. Launched by the United Nations in September 2015
‫ا‬ ‫أطلقته‬
‫سبتمبر‬/‫أيلول‬ ‫في‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫ألمم‬
0202
C. Replaces the Millennium Development goals that included no road safety targets
‫جيم‬
-
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫للسالمة‬ ‫أهدافا‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫لأللفية‬ ‫اإلنمائية‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫محل‬ ‫يحل‬
D. Three targets related to road safety are included

22. ABO TALAL
48. SDG3 on health includes a target to reduce the number of global deaths and injuries from road
traffic accidents by what percentage?
‫الهدف‬ ‫يتضمن‬
3
‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫العالمية‬ ‫واإلصابات‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫خفض‬ ‫في‬ ‫يتمثل‬ ‫هدفا‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫المستدامة‬ ‫التنمية‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫من‬
‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬
‫مئوية‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫بأي‬ ‫طرق‬
A. 25%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 66%
49. The number of countries reporting policies to encourage walking and cycling increased by what
percentage since the 2010 benchmark study?
‫م‬ ‫بنسبة‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وركوب‬ ‫المشي‬ ‫لتشجيع‬ ‫سياسات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫أبلغت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫زاد‬
‫لعام‬ ‫المرجعية‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫منذ‬ ‫ئوية‬
0202
A. 25%
B. 35%
C. 50%
D. 65%
More than half of countries (92) report policies to increase walking and cycling, compared to 68 in 2010.
( ‫البلدان‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫أبلغ‬
90
‫ب‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ،‫الدراجات‬ ‫وركوب‬ ‫المشي‬ ‫لزيادة‬ ‫سياسات‬ ‫عن‬ )
46
‫بلدا‬
‫عام‬ ‫في‬
0202 .
50. Why does vital registration data best fulfill data needs for monitoring and improving road traffic
safety?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫وتحسين‬ ‫لرصد‬ ‫وجه‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫على‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫احتياجات‬ ‫الحيوي‬ ‫التسجيل‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫تلبي‬ ‫لماذا‬
A. Collected by both local police and medical professionals
B. Is the record of all officially registered deaths and are not time limited
‫زمنيا‬ ‫محدودة‬ ‫وليست‬ ‫رسميا‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫سجل‬ ‫هو‬
C. Prepared by insurance providers so no crime bias
D. Provides a time limit for reporting traffic related deaths

23. ABO TALAL
51. For every person that dies in a road traffic crash, at least how many other people sustain non-fatal
injuries?
‫مميتة؟‬ ‫غير‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫كم‬ ‫األقل‬ ‫على‬ ، ‫مروري‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫يموت‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫كل‬ ‫مقابل‬
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
52. Which source of data is now used by many countries to estimate figures on non-fatal injuries?
‫المميتة؟‬ ‫غير‬ ‫باإلصابات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫األرقام‬ ‫لتقدير‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫اآلن‬ ‫تستخدمه‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
A. Government office on health or interior
B. Hospital data
C. Insurance data
D. Police data
53. Each of the following with the exception of which one is an important factor in minimizing injury
outcomes in traffic crashes?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫تقليل‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Fully functional ambulance service
B. Health-care staff trained in emergency care
C. Quality of care at the crash scene
D. Timely transport to a health-care facility
54. All of the following with the exception of which one are ideal components of a single emergency
national access phone number?
‫الطوارئ؟‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫للوصول‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫وطني‬ ‫هاتف‬ ‫لرقم‬ ‫مثالية‬ ‫مكونات‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Be valid throughout the area and accessible by both landline and mobile phones
‫والمحمول‬ ‫الثابت‬ ‫الهاتف‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫صالحة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ .‫أ‬
B. Easy to remember and dial B. ‫الهاتفي‬ ‫واالتصال‬ ‫تذكر‬ ‫السهل‬ ‫من‬
C. Guarantee confidentiality of the caller ‫المتصل‬ ‫سرية‬ ‫ضمان‬
D. Provide access to police

24. ABO TALAL
55. A successful road traffic safety program requires a national strategy, tangible objectives with
intermediate targets, and collaboration among key stakeholders. True or false?
‫أصحاب‬ ‫بين‬ ‫وتعاونا‬ ‫وسيطة‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ملموسة‬ ‫وأهدافا‬ ‫وطنية‬ ‫استراتيجية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫الناجح‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫يتطلب‬
‫الرئيسيين‬ ‫المصلحة‬
Answer true
56. Informal types of transport in low- and middle-income countries, such as privately owned buses and
converted pick-up trucks, provide a safer means of transportation for poorer people. True or false?
‫ا‬ ‫للقطاع‬ ‫المملوكة‬ ‫الحافالت‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫الدخل‬ ‫والمتوسطة‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرسمية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫وتوفر‬
‫والشاحنات‬ ‫لخاص‬
‫خطأ؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫صح‬ .‫للفقراء‬ ‫أمانا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫وسيلة‬ ،‫المحولة‬ ‫الصغيرة‬
Answer fals
57. All of the following with the exception of which one are recognized ways to reduce bicycle injuries?
‫الدراجات؟‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحد‬ ‫بها‬ ‫معترف‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫هي‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Change the road environment by adding bicycle lanes and repairing road surfaces to remove pot-holes
and dangerous curbs
B. Enact strict legal limits on alcohol use while bicycling
C. Improve rider behavior such as the use of helmet
D. Require bicycle operator licenses
58. Mandatory screening of drivers based on age is recommended as a means to improve traffic safety.
True or false? is not recommended
‫خطأ؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫صح‬ .‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫لتحسين‬ ‫كوسيلة‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫للسائقين‬ ‫إلزامي‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫بإجراء‬ ‫يوصى‬
Answer false
59. Each of the following with the exception of one is an important reason to estimate the cost to
society of road crashes?
‫سبب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫من‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫يتحملها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫لتقدير‬ ‫مهم‬
A. Allowing comparisons of the impact of road crashes with other causes of death and injury
B. Bringing attention to the impact of injuries and ensuing disabilities
C. Making licensing fees more equitable
D. Raising awareness of road crashes as a social problem

25. ABO TALAL
60. In both developed and developing countries, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of
traumatic brain injury. True or false?
‫الس‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫تعد‬ ، ‫والنامية‬ ‫المتقدمة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬
‫الرضحية‬ ‫الدماغ‬ ‫إلصابات‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫بب‬ .
Answer true
61. The psychological and social consequences of road traffic trauma are directly proportional to the
severity of the physical injury. True or false?
‫الم‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫للصدمات‬ ‫واالجتماعية‬ ‫النفسية‬ ‫العواقب‬ ‫تتناسب‬
‫الجسدية‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫مباشرا‬ ‫تناسبا‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫رور‬ .
Answer false
62. Since road traffic safety has a multisectoral nature, data collection raises important issues with data
access, harmonization and which other factor?
‫طا‬ ‫لها‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وبما‬
‫البيانات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫بالوصول‬ ‫تتعلق‬ ‫هامة‬ ‫مسائل‬ ‫يثير‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫فإن‬ ،‫القطاعات‬ ‫متعدد‬ ‫بع‬
‫األخرى؟‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫هي‬ ‫وما‬ ‫ومواءمتها‬
A. Availability of equipment
B. Linkages ‫الروابط‬
C. Research design
D. Unified focus
 Poor harmonization and linkages between different sources of data
‫البيانات‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫بين‬ ‫والروابط‬ ‫التنسيق‬ ‫ضعف‬
 Underreporting
 Definitional issues related to traffic deaths and injuries;
‫المرور؛‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫واإلصابات‬ ‫بالوفيات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫التعريف‬ ‫قضايا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫نقص‬
 Types of data collected;
 sources of data
Chapter 3:
1. What are the other major factors of crashes, besides the human error?
‫البشري؟‬ ‫الخطأ‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫إلى‬ ، ‫للحوادث‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Poor design of roads and cars ‫والسيارات‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫سوء‬

26. ABO TALAL
2. Road traffic risk arises largely as a result of factors that include all of the following with the
exception of which one?
‫منها؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫لعوامل‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫حد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫تنشأ‬
A. Human error within the traffic system ‫المرور‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫بشري‬ ‫خطأ‬
B. Quality and availability of emergency services and acute trauma care
‫الحادة‬ ‫الصدمات‬ ‫ورعاية‬ ‫الطوارئ‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫وتوافر‬ ‫جودة‬
C. Size and nature of the kinetic energy of the impact ‫للتأثير‬ ‫الحركية‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫وطبيعة‬ ‫حجم‬
D. Vision problems
+ Tolerance of the individual to the impact + ‫تسامح‬
‫التأثير‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الفرد‬
3. What are the main risk factors for road traffic injuries?
‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫إلصابات‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
1. Factors influencing exposure to risk ‫للخطر‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫في‬ ‫المؤثرة‬ ‫العوامل‬
2. Risk factors influencing crash involvement ‫الحادث‬ ‫تورط‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬
3. Risk factors influencing crash severity ‫االصطدام‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬
4. Risk factors influencing severity of post-crash injuries ‫الحادث‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬
4. Each of the following with the exception of which one are major factors influencing exposure to the
risk of road traffic injuries?
‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫لخطر‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫كل‬
‫الطرق؟‬
A. Economic factors
B. Land use planning practices which influence the length of a trip or travel mode choice
C. Lighting
D. Mixture of high-speed motorized traffic with vulnerable road users
‫دال‬
-
‫الضعفاء‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫من‬ ‫مزيج‬
 Demographic factors
 Insufficient attention to integration of road function ‫الطريق‬ ‫وظيفة‬ ‫بتكامل‬ ‫االهتمام‬ ‫كفاية‬ ‫عدم‬
5. Which of the following refer to the factors influencing exposure to risk?
‫للمخاطر؟‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫في‬ ‫المؤثرة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Demographics factors
b. Pre hospital care factors
c. Inadequate visibility factors
d. Speed

27. ABO TALAL
6. Factors influencing exposure to risk?
 Rapid motorization
 Demographics
 Transport, land use and road network planning ‫الطرق‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫وتخطيط‬ ‫األراضي‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫النقل‬
 Increased need for travel
 Choice of less safe forms of travel ‫أمانا‬ ‫األقل‬ ‫السفر‬ ‫أشكال‬ ‫اختيار‬
7. Which of the following factors influences exposure to risk in road traffic injury?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫في‬ ‫للمخاطر‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫على‬ ‫يؤثر‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
Rapid motorization ‫السريعة‬ ‫المحركات‬
8. By the year 2030, a large proportion of older people worldwide will be dependent on public
transportation and walking. True or false? and cyclists
‫عام‬ ‫بحلول‬
0232
‫خطأ؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫صح‬ .‫والمشي‬ ‫العام‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫وسائل‬ ‫على‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫السن‬ ‫كبار‬ ‫من‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫ستعتمد‬ ،
Answer true
9. Who are becoming the largest group of road users in the next 20–30 years?
‫السنوات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫أصبحوا‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫هم‬ ‫من‬
02
-
32
‫القادمة؟‬
Over 65 years of age = Demographics
10. Planning decisions regarding transport, land use and road networks have significant effects on
public health for all of the following with the exception of which one?
‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫آثار‬ ‫لها‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫وشبكات‬ ‫األراضي‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫بالنقل‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫قرارات‬
‫منها؟‬
A. Amount of air pollution ‫كمية‬
‫الهواء‬ ‫تلوث‬
B. Degree of physical exercise undertaken by individuals ‫األفراد‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البدنية‬ ‫التمارين‬ ‫درجة‬
C. Evolution of safer vehicles
D. Volume of road traffic crashes and injuries ‫واإلصابات‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫حجم‬
11. Which of the following is a major intervention that can make roads and vehicles safer?
‫أمانا؟‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫والمركبات‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫رئيسيا‬ ‫تدخال‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Proper road network, post- crash care and land use policies
‫واستخد‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫وسياسات‬ ،‫المناسبة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫شبكة‬
‫األراضي‬ ‫ام‬

28. ABO TALAL
12. Which of the following transportation is far safer than car travel?
‫بالسيارة؟‬ ‫السفر‬ ‫من‬ ‫أمانا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫وسائل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a. Cycle
b. Motorcycles
c. Pedestrian walking
d. public transportation ‫العام‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫وسائل‬
13. Which of the following is refer to risk factors influencing crash involvement?
‫االصطدام؟‬ ‫تورط‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Delay in detecting crash
b. Economic factors
c. Increased need for travel
d. Vehicle-related factors ‫بالمركبة‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫العوامل‬ .‫د‬
. Vehicle factors such as maintenance. ‫الصيانة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫السيارة‬ ‫عوامل‬
14. factors influencing crash involvement:
‫التصادم‬ ‫تورط‬ ‫على‬ ‫المؤثرة‬ ‫العوامل‬:
o Speed ‫سرعة‬
o Pedestrians and cyclists ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫المشاة‬
o Young drivers and riders ‫الشباب‬ ‫والدراجون‬ ‫السائقون‬
o Alcohol use by road users
o Medicinal and recreational drugs‫والترفيهية‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫العقاقير‬
o Driver fatigue
o Hand-held mobile devices ‫باليد‬ ‫المحمولة‬ ‫األجهزة‬
o Inadequate visibility
o Road-related factors
o Vehicle-related factors
15. List four from ten factors influencing crash involvement:
‫االصطدام‬ ‫تورط‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫عشرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أربعة‬ ‫قائمة‬:
1-Speed
2-Young drivers and riders
3-Alcohol - Crash risk,
4-Medicinal and recreational drugs

29. ABO TALAL
16. Which of the following is the basic fundamental problem of road traffic injuries?
‫المشكلة‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫لإلصابات‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫األساسية‬
A) Gender
B) Number of passengers
C) Speed
D) Vehicle size
17. Which of the following is the fundamental problem of road traffic injuries and it is influences both crash risk
and crash consequence?
‫وعواقب‬ ‫االصطدام‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫ويؤثر‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫لإلصابات‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المشكلة‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫االصطدام؟‬
a. Driver fatigue
b. Old drivers
c. Rapid motorization
d. speed
18. Which of the following refers to speed of motor vehicles?
‫أي‬
‫السيارات؟‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬
Fundamental problem of road traffic injuries ‫الطرق‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المتمثلة‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المشكلة‬
19. Which of the following roads are often designed to achieve very low speeds, where the speed limits
usually supported by physical self-enforcing measures to encourage compliance, that normally
around 30 km/h?
‫مادية‬ ‫بتدابير‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫مدعومة‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫حدود‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫حيث‬ ،‫جدا‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫سرعات‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫مصمما‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫ع‬ ‫والتي‬ ،‫االمتثال‬ ‫لتشجيع‬ ‫اإلنفاذ‬ ‫ذاتية‬
‫حوالي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ادة‬
32
‫ساعة؟‬ / ‫كم‬
Residential access roads ‫السكنية‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫طرق‬
20. What is maximum urban speed limits showed best practice?
‫الممارسات؟‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫تظهر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحضرية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫في‬ ‫القصوى‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫حدود‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
A) 100 km/h
B) 30 km/h C
) 50 km/h
D) 80 km/h

30. ABO TALAL
21. Best practice for seatbelt restraints includes requirements for rear-seat and front-seat occupants
and allows different use standards for seat belts depending on speed and whether urban or rural
driving. True or false?
‫بمثبتات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫الممارسات‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫تتضمن‬
‫مختلفة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫بمعايير‬ ‫وتسمح‬ ‫واألمامية‬ ‫الخلفية‬ ‫المقاعد‬ ‫ركاب‬ ‫متطلبات‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫حزام‬
‫الريفية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الحضرية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫في‬ ‫القيادة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وما‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اعتمادا‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫ألحزمة‬.
Answer false
22. When motorized traffic mixes with pedestrians, cyclists and moped riders, the speed limit must be under
what level?
‫مستوى؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫للسرعة‬ ‫األقصى‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ، ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫وراكبي‬ ‫المشاة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫تختلط‬ ‫عندما‬
A. 20 km/h
B. 30 km/h
C. 40 km/h
D. 50 km/h
23. Which one of the following drivers are most at risk to death from RTIs ?
‫من‬ ‫الموت‬ ‫لخطر‬ ‫عرضة‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫هم‬ ‫التاليين‬ ‫السائقين‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬ RTIs‫؟‬
a. Teenagers driver
b. Adult
c. Older
d. women
24. Which is a risk factor that influences crash involvement, crash severity and severity of post-crash injuries?
‫يؤثر‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
‫الحادث؟‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫وشدة‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫وشدة‬ ‫الحادث‬ ‫تورط‬ ‫على‬
A. Darkness
B. Inappropriate or excessive speed
C. Presence of alcohol and other drugs ‫األخرى‬ ‫والعقاقير‬ ‫الكحول‬ ‫وجود‬ - ‫جيم‬
25. Which of the following risk factors influencing vehicle crash which associated with long distance
driving and sleep deprivation?
‫النوم؟‬ ‫من‬ ‫والحرمان‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫لمسافات‬ ‫بالقيادة‬ ‫ترتبط‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫السيارة‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A) Driver fatigue
B) Hand-held mobile device
C) Inadequate visibility influences crash involvement
D) Road-related factors

31. ABO TALAL
26. What is the factors associated with driver fatigue?
‫السائق؟‬ ‫بإرهاق‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
 Sleep deprivation.
 Distance driving ‫بعد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫القيادة‬ .‫النوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحرمان‬
27. What are the Three high-risk groups of Driver fatigue?
‫السائق؟‬ ‫إرهاق‬ ‫من‬ ‫الخطورة‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫المجموعات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
The young, Shift workers, Sleep apnea sufferers
‫النوم‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫التنفس‬ ‫توقف‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬ ،‫المناوبات‬ ‫عمال‬ ،‫الشباب‬
28. Factors that predispose a driver to fatigue and therefore increased risk of traffic injuries include all
of the following with the exception of which one?
‫منها؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫المرورية‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫لإلرهاق‬ ‫السائق‬ ‫تهيئ‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العوامل‬
A. Environmental factors in fatigue such as monotonous roads
‫ال‬ .‫أ‬
‫الرتيبة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫التعب‬ ‫في‬ ‫البيئية‬ ‫عوامل‬
B. Sleep-related factors such as being sleep deficient or driving when normally asleep
‫طبيعي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫النوم‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫القيادة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫النوم‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫بالنوم‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫العوامل‬
B. Temporal factors causing fatigue such as driving between 2:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m.
‫الساعة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫القيادة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫التعب‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫العوامل‬
0022
‫و‬ ‫صباحا‬
2022
‫صباحا‬ .
D. Vehicle factors such as contoured seats and heater venting
29. When does the risk of crashes related to fatigues increased?
‫الم‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫يزداد‬ ‫متى‬
‫بالتعب؟‬ ‫تعلقة‬
During driving at night
— The length of their working day had increased; - ‫عملهم؛‬ ‫يوم‬ ‫طول‬ ‫زاد‬
— They were working irregular hours — ‫منتظمة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫لساعات‬ ‫يعملون‬ ‫كانوا‬
30. When does the Increased the risk of a fatal crash or a crash with serious injuries related to fatigues?
‫بالتعب‬ ‫تتعلق‬ ‫خطيرة‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تصادم‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مميت‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫يزداد‬ ‫متى‬
— driving while feeling sleepy; - ‫بالنعاس‬ ‫الشعور‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫القيادة‬.
— driving after less than five hours of sleep in the preceding 24 hours;
- ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫القيادة‬
‫ال‬ ‫في‬ ‫النوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫خمس‬
40
‫؛‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫ساعة‬
— driving between 02:00 and 05:00 — ‫الساعة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫القيادة‬
44:44
‫والساعة‬ ‫صباحا‬
0:44
‫صباحا‬

32. ABO TALAL
31. Which of the following can distract driver while driving?
‫القيادة؟‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫السائق‬ ‫انتباه‬ ‫يشتت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Helmet
B. Mobile use
C. Seat belt use
D. Sun glasses
32. -Which of the following creates visual, auditory and cognitive distractions?
-‫ومعرفية؟‬ ‫وسمعية‬ ‫بصرية‬ ‫انحرافات‬ ‫يخلق‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Mobile phone use
B) Road design
C) Seat-belt use
D) Traffic lights
33. An overview of available data suggests that drivers talking on a mobile phone are approximately how
many times more likely to be involved in a crash than those who are not talking on a mobile phone?
‫المحم‬ ‫الهاتف‬ ‫على‬ ‫يتحدثون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫السائقين‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المتاحة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫على‬ ‫عامة‬ ‫نظرة‬ ‫تشير‬
‫في‬ ‫للتورط‬ ‫عرضة‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫تقريبا‬ ‫هم‬ ‫ول‬
‫المحمول؟‬ ‫الهاتف‬ ‫على‬ ‫يتحدثون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫أولئك‬ ‫من‬ ‫تحطم‬ ‫حادث‬
A. Two times
B. Four times
C. Six times
D. Ten times
34. All of the following with the exception of which one are ways the use of mobile phones can impair
driving performance?
‫القيادة؟‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫إضعاف‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المحمولة‬ ‫الهواتف‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫هي‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
A. Impaired ability to stay in the correct road lane ‫في‬ ‫البقاء‬ ‫على‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫ضعف‬
‫مسار‬
‫الصحيحة‬ ‫الطريق‬
B. Longer reaction times ‫أطول‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫رد‬ ‫أوقات‬
C. Reduced accommodation to different light levels
D. Shorter following distances ‫أقصر‬ ‫متابعة‬ ‫مسافات‬ .‫د‬
Keeping to an appropriate speed, and in judging and accepting safe gaps in the traffic
‫ا‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫في‬ ‫اآلمنة‬ ‫الثغرات‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحكم‬ ‫وفي‬ ،‫المناسبة‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬
‫وقبولها‬ ‫لمرور‬
influences a driver’s ability to keep to the course on the road
‫الطريق‬ ‫على‬ ‫بالمسار‬ ‫االلتزام‬ ‫على‬ ‫السائق‬ ‫قدرة‬ ‫على‬ ‫يؤثر‬

33. ABO TALAL
35. List four of the factors influencing crash severity,?
‫؟‬، ‫الطائرة‬ ‫تحطم‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أربعة‬ ‫قائمة‬
Lack of in-vehicle crash protection‫السيارة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫من‬ ‫حماية‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬
-Human tolerance factors ‫البشري‬ ‫التسامح‬ ‫عوامل‬
-Inappropriate or excessive speed ‫مفرطة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مناسبة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫سرعة‬ -
-Seatbelts and child restraints not used ‫األطفال‬ ‫ومساند‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫أحزمة‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ال‬
-Crash helmets not worn by users of two-wheeled vehicles, ، ‫العجلتين‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫مستخدمو‬ ‫يرتديها‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫خوذات‬
-Roadside objects not crash protective ‫االصطدام‬ ‫من‬ ‫واقية‬ ‫ليست‬ ‫الطريق‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫على‬ ‫األجسام‬
- Insufficient vehicle crash protection for occupants and for those hit by vehicles, and
- Presence of alcohol and other drugs ‫األخرى‬ ‫والمخدرات‬ ‫الكحول‬ ‫وجود‬
36. Which of the following refer to risk factors influencing injury severity?
‫اإلصابة؟‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Roadside objects ‫الطريق‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫على‬ ‫األشياء‬
b. Use of seat belts.
c. Pre-hospital.
d. Old drivers
37. Which of the following refer to risk factors influencing injury severity?
‫اإلصابة؟‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Appropriate care in the hospital emergency rooms
b. Inadequate roadside protection ‫الطريق‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫كفاية‬ ‫عدم‬
c. Pre-hospital
d. Use of seat belts
38. Which is a risk factor that influences crash involvement, crash severity and severity of post-crash injuries?
‫الحا‬ ‫تورط‬ ‫على‬ ‫يؤثر‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
‫الحادث؟‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫وشدة‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫وشدة‬ ‫دث‬
A. Darkness
B. Inappropriate or excessive speed
C. Presence of alcohol and other drugs
D. Vehicle factors such as maintenance

34. ABO TALAL
39. What is main risk factor for motorized two-wheeler users?
‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
‫العجلتين؟‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫السيارات‬ ‫لمستخدمي‬
Non-use of crash helmets
40. Seat belts are not designed for children. True or false? child restraints
‫خطأ؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫صح‬ .‫لألطفال‬ ‫مصممة‬ ‫ليست‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫أحزمة‬
Answer true
41. Which of the following is effective way to reduce traffic fatalities?
‫المرور؟‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحد‬ ‫فعالة‬ ‫وسيلة‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Increasing seat belt use
42. The two criteria considered necessary to meet best practice on child restraint legislation are a
national child restraint law based on age, height or weight and what other criteria?
‫األطفال‬ ‫لتقييد‬ ‫وطني‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫هما‬ ‫األطفال‬ ‫تقييد‬ ‫بتشريعات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫الممارسات‬ ‫بأفضل‬ ‫للوفاء‬ ‫ضروريين‬ ‫يعتبران‬ ‫اللذان‬ ‫والمعياران‬
‫األخرى؟‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫هي‬ ‫وما‬ ،‫الوزن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الطول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يستند‬
A. Age, weight or height restrictions on sitting in the front seat ‫األمامي‬ ‫المقعد‬ ‫في‬ ‫الجلوس‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫قيود‬ .‫أ‬
B. National board to create and update restraint requirements as equipment changes
C. Specific quality standards for child restraint equipment
D. Strong legal and insurance penalties for accidents where children are not properly protected
43. Increasing compliance with child restraint laws requires all of the following with the exception of
which one?
‫منها؟‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫األطفال‬ ‫تقييد‬ ‫لقوانين‬ ‫االمتثال‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫تتطلب‬
A. Addressing issues of access and cost ‫والتكلفة‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫قضايا‬ ‫معالجة‬
B. Developing new restraint devices
C. Facilitating access/distribution of restraints, such as maternity hospital loan programs
‫الوالدة‬ ‫مستشفيات‬ ‫قروض‬ ‫برامج‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫القيود‬ ‫توزيع‬/‫الوصول‬ ‫تسهيل‬
D. Supporting correct usage
44. Which of the following technology/technique has reduced driver deaths in purely frontal crashes
ranging from 22% to 29%?
‫بين‬ ‫تتراوح‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البحتة‬ ‫األمامية‬ ‫التصادم‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫في‬ ‫السائقين‬ ‫وفيات‬ ‫خفضت‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫التقنيات‬/‫التقنيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
00
٪
‫و‬
09
٪
‫؟‬
a . Driver airbags
b. Helmets
c. Reducing distracted driving
d. Seat belts

35. ABO TALAL
45. All of the following with the exception of which one are strategies to create more crash protective
roadsides?
‫الواقي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫جوانب‬ ‫من‬ ‫المزيد‬ ‫إلنشاء‬ ‫استراتيجيات‬ ‫منها‬ ‫أي‬ ‫باستثناء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬
‫االصطدام؟‬ ‫من‬ ‫ة‬
A. Addition of collapsible lighting columns and other devices that are more “forgiving”
‫"تسامحا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫األجهزة‬ ‫من‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫للطي‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫اإلضاءة‬ ‫أعمدة‬ ‫"إضافة‬
B. Elimination of confusing roundabouts
C. Introduction of a clear zone at the side of the road ‫الطريق‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫على‬ ‫واضحة‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫استحداث‬ -
D. Protection of roadside objects with barriers to absorb part of the impact energy
‫التأثير‬ ‫طاقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫المتصاص‬ ‫حواجز‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الطريق‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫على‬ ‫األجسام‬ ‫حماية‬
46. Which of the following refer to risk factors influencing injury severity?
‫اإلصابة؟‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
 Inadequate roadside protection
 Lack of in-vehicle crash protection
 Non-use of helmets for two-wheeler riders
 Non-use of seat belts = non-use of protective devices in vehicles
 Excessive and inappropriate speed
 The presence of alcohol
47. Post-crash care can be improved through improving quality of the following types of care?
‫التالية؟‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫جودة‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحادث‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫يمكن‬
Hospital, pre-hospital care and rehabilitation
b. Pre-hospital care
c. Primary health care
d. Rehabilitation
48. In your own words, explain the risk factors influencing post-crash injury outcome.
‫الحادث‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫اشرح‬ ، ‫الخاصة‬ ‫بكلماتك‬.
Pre-hospital - In low-income countries, access to emergency medical service is almost non-existent.
‫المستشفى‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مرحلة‬
-
‫معدوما‬ ‫الطارئة‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫يكاد‬ ،‫الدخل‬ ‫المنخفضة‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫في‬ .
Lack of health insurance or social security in those countries also puts crash care out of reach.
‫المنال‬ ‫بعيدة‬ ‫الطارئة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫الضمان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫االفتقار‬ ‫أن‬ ‫كما‬.
Hospital care - Lack of trained personnel and lack of equipment negatively impact the quality of crash care.
‫ا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرعاية‬
‫لمستشفيات‬
-
‫التصادم‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫جودة‬ ‫على‬ ‫سلبا‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫ونقص‬ ‫المدربين‬ ‫الموظفين‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫يؤثر‬ .
 Delay in detecting crash
 Presence of fire resulting from collision ‫االصطدام‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ناتج‬ ‫حريق‬ ‫وجود‬

36. ABO TALAL
 Leakage of hazardous materials ‫الخطرة‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫تسرب‬
 Presence of alcohol and other drugs
 Difficulty rescuing and extracting people from vehicles ‫من‬ ‫وإخراجهم‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫إنقاذ‬ ‫صعوبة‬
‫المركبات‬
49. Which of the following does not have access to an emergency medical Service during post-crash
injury outcome?
‫إ‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫يمكنه‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الحادث؟‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫طارئة‬ ‫طبية‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫لى‬
a. Developed countries
b. High-income countries
c. Industrial countries
d. Low-income countries
50. Which of the following countries are almost not accesses to an emergency medical service during
post-crash injury outcome?
‫االصطدام؟‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫طارئة‬ ‫طبية‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تقريبا‬ ‫يحصل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
Low-income countries
51. Which one of the following is a risk factors influences post-crash injury outcome?
‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫االصطدام؟‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫على‬
Hospital care
52. Which one of the following is a risk factors influences post-crash injury outcome?
‫االصطدام؟‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
 Health care
 Hospital care
53. which of the following is vital to the success of road traffic laws?
‫الطرق؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرور‬ ‫قوانين‬ ‫لنجاح‬ ‫حيوي‬ ‫أمر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A) Enforcement
B) Post-crash care
C) Road network
D) Road users behavior