Agricultural Solid Waste For Energy Potential And...

Agricultural Solid Waste For Energy Potential And...
Livestock Manure Waste–to–Energy Potential and Most Sustainable Use in North–American
Midwest Cattle Farms
Alina Hong
Gregoire Mazars
Matthew Garamella
Oliver Schwartz
1
Table of Contents
Abstract....................................................................................................3
Introduction / Background......................................................................3
Use of manure as fertilizer.......................................................................4
Use of manure as waste–to–energy...........................................................7
Anaerobic digestion..................................................................................8
Combustion.............................................................................................16
Gasification.............................................................................................17
Methods...................................................................................................21
Results.....................................................................................................22
All states..................................................................................................22
Nebraska..................................................................................................24
Texas.......................................................................................................29
Oklahoma................................................................................................37
Kansas.....................................................................................................39
Discussion...............................................................................................44
Bibliography............................................................................................45
2

Abstract
This paper looked into the potential for agricultural solid waste–to–energy projects in cattle and
dairy farms of the US Midwest. The use of animal dung, or manure, as fertilizer is historically well–
developed in the Midwest. Waste–to–energy projects, on the other hand, have taken off only recently
and may be able to address a portion of energy demand in these states while reducing landfill input.
Some agricultural waste is simply burned without any further purpose
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay The Best Ferilizer to Grow Flowers the Quickest
I want to find out which fertilizer will grow healthy flowers from seeds quickly. Snapdragons are
perennial plants, which means they grow back again for several years. I found that snapdragons
(Antirrhinum majus) bloom in the cool temperatures of spring and early fall. Snapdragons first grew
in United States in the north east. Each state has a growth zone. Snapdragons do good in zones 6–
10. Central Florida is in growth zone 9. Snapdragons come in about 230 varieties! Snapdragons are
very bright and colorful, including yellow, pink, salmon, orange, purple, and lavender. Snapdragons
have vibrant green leaves and strong stems. Snapdragons can grow in containers like pots, or in
open soil in the garden. They can grow 1–5 feet in height ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Many people do this instead of creating waste, and throwing it in a garbage can. Also, earthworms
till (tunnel through), fertilize and improve soil. Earthworms are eating machines. They eat leaves
and remains of animals and then poop (castings) them out, Creating a good organic fertilizer. It
helps the root growth and improves the health of the flower. The worms stomach acids make
nitrogen and phosphorus ready for the plants to use for food. If the worms are cut in half they will
not live but when just their tails are cut off then a new one will grow back. When worms and bugs
die in the garden their bodies decompose and add nutrients to the soil. The worms stomach acids
make nitrogen and phosphorus ready for plant food. Worms breath through their skin so if it rains
too much they have to go to the surface for air or they will drown. Snapdragons can be grown from
seeds and germination (sprouting from a seed), can take up to 3 weeks. To plant the seeds sprinkle
them on the soil and press down lightly. Snapdragons can spread easily and make more plants.
Snapdragons may attract aphids (a small fat bodied insect), which may damage the stems and
leaves. Also, snapdragons can get fungus so it is important to water only at the base of the plant. If
the plants don't have enough air circulation or light, then powdery mildew can be seen growing on
the leaves. Also, too much shade and not enough sun can encourage mildew growth. Snapdragon

A Report On Agriculture And Horticulture Class
Introduction
On the 15/03/16 our year 12 agriculture and horticulture class went on a trip to a local dairy goat
farm. This is a 40 hectare farm on sandy loam soil which houses 1100 goats, all goats are kept in
door and all food is made on site and bought to them along with their water. Only about 700 goats
are being milked. These goats are milked on a rotary milk parlour, which is one of two in the
country. There were 3 full time staff working and the manager. We asked the manager many
questions to assist us with our internal. The answers were occasionally a bit brief due to the owner
only taking over the farm about a month ago, but we received the necessary information. A guided
tour took place with the owner and a full time employee. Which included us looking at the housing
systems, feeding systems, the composting procedure, Milking shed and other relevant information
such as the restrictions they have.
Soil Impacts
Having good soil structure is very important for all types of farming. To constantly provide quality
feed soil with a good tilth and with plenty of nutrients is required. This is achieved by collecting
urine and dung from the milk shed and is collected in ponds. The liquid is drained away and are
processed through 3 screens then drained into a holding tank ready to be spread on the farm. While
this process is taking place the original solids are scraped away and placed into a bay with a
weeping wall to drain the excess water. Once most water has been drained

Personal Experience: Home Made Fertilizer and Inorganic...
Introduction:
My family and I do a lot of traveling and while traveling we pass through rural communities where
the people have to grow their own food as they do not have enough income to buy their own food.
Some of these people, however, still use fertilizer in order to increase the rate of production and total
yield produced. Those people who use a form of fertilizer to feed their plants, they generally use
cattle manure or home–made fertilizer. At home we used to use inorganic fertilizers on our plants as
they are easier to use and easily available at any garden shop, however, we have started to use the
new Bokashi medium as fertilizer as it is better for the environment and it also reduces food waste.
Food waste is reduced as the leftover food is used to create a liquid which can be used as a fertilizer
as it is full of the nutrients left in the leftover food. I started to think about which fertilizer would
work best: According to my research on the difference between inorganic and organic fertilizers, the
organic fertilizers work so well because they supply the plants with the nutrients required for growth
immediately. However, the organic fertilizers such as cattle manure work so well because they
enrich the soil with humus allowing for nutrients to form naturally, which will last. I was interested
in which of these fertilizers would produce the best crop in a set period of time, as this would help
figure out which fertilizer is best to use in the garden. Research

Omnivores Dilemma
Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma: The Secrets Behind What You Eat (Young Reader's
Edition) – Grade 7 Originally published in New York: Dial Books, 2009. Learning Objective: The
goal of this two day exemplar is to give students the opportunity to use the reading and writing
habits they've been practicing on a regular basis to unpack Pollan's investigative journalism of
industrial farms. By reading and rereading the passage closely combined with classroom discussion
about it, students will identify why and how farming practices have changed, as well as identify
Pollan's point of view on the subject. When combined with writing about the passage and teacher
feedback, students will begin to appreciate investigative journalism, as ... Show more content on
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Students might be afforded the opportunity to rewrite their essays or revise their in–class
paraphrases after participating in classroom discussion, allowing them to refashion both their
understanding of the text and their expression of that understanding. Text Selection: This selection,
taken from the young readers edition of Pollan's bestseller, The Omnivore's Dilemma, asks students
to consider how their food is grown today and why and how that has changed. This brief history and
science of United States farm ecology offers students diverse opportunities for exploration and close
reading. Outline of Lesson Plan: This lesson can be divided by the teacher into two days of
instruction and reflection on the part of students and their teachers, with the option of a written
homework assignment after Day 1 and the possibility of adding an additional day devoted to peer
review and revision of the culminating writing assignment. Standards Addressed: The following
Common Core State Standards are the focus of this exemplar: RI.7.1, RI.7.2, RI.7.3, RI.7.4, RI.7.5;
W.7.1, W.7.2, W.7.4; SL.7.1; L.7.4, L.7.5 The Text: Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: The
Secrets Behind What You Eat (Chapter 3: From Farm to Factory) Rule or order A

Effect of Poultry Manure, Cow Dung and Npk 15:15:15 on Okro
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON OKRO
CHAPTER ONE (1) 1.1 INTRODUCTION
Okra was domesticated in West and Central Africa (Cobley and Steele, 1976) and known as 'Okro'
in the Anglophone African countries as a fast growing common annual vegetable widely consumed
in Africa (Schippers, 2000). It is one of the numerous vegetable crops cultivated in Nigeria (Anon,
1989) where a total of 1 – 2 million hectares annually are put under cultivation (Anon, 1980,
Fmawrrd, 1980). Thus, it is in a great demand in tropical countries (Greensil,1976). Fig. 1.0 a
picture of an okro plant
Okro requires a moderate rainfall of 80 – 100 cm well distributed to produce ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In fresh poultry excreta uric acid or urate is the most abundant nitrogen compound (40–70 per cent
of total N) while urea and ammonium are present in small amounts (Krogdahl and Dahlsgard, 1981).
The ratio of litter to manure and the moisture content caused considerable variation among manures
from different houses (Mountney, 1983). Poultry manure is used as a source of N, P and K but litter
also contains Ca, Mg, S and some micronutrients (Mullins et al., 2002). Mineralisation occurs quite
rapidly following application of poultry waste. Bitzer and Sims (1988) found that approximately 69
per cent of organic N in poultry litter incorporated into a sandy loam soil was mineralized in 140
days. Shortly following application, conditions generally favour volatilization of the ammonia,
calcium and Nitrogen. Wolf et al. (1988) found that 37 per cent of the total – N in surface applied
poultry manure was volatilized in 11 days. Poultry manure application at 10 t/ha was observed to
improve the physical properties of soil (Ravikumar and Krishna–moorthy, 1975). Soil physical
properties such as bulk density, water holding capacity and percentage water stable aggregation
were noted to be favouarbly influenced by poultry waste addition to soil (Weil and Kroontje, 1979).
Mbagwu (1992) reported that poultry manure significantly decreased bulk density and increased
total and macroporosity, infiltration capacity and available water capacity. Mullins et al.,

Dog Waste Essay
Dog waste is composed of water, fecal bacteria, nitrogen, phosphorus, and possibly worms. Animal
waste, such as cow manure, is very commonly used as fertilizer. This fact would usually cause a
person to assume that this meant dog waste would be good for the lawn. But the fact is that dog
waste does not have the positive fertilizer effect on plants that most people would think. The waste
in large amounts eventually produces the opposite of the intended effect, and it kills the grass.
Fertilizer is a mixture of nutrients that plants need to live, and it is added to soil in gardens and on
lawns to improve the health of the plants. According to sunset.com, most fertilizers contain
phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. A complete fertilizer is a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the parasites from the dog waste are just sitting on the grass as the poop decomposes, there is a
very likely chance that another pet or child will run through the poop, contracting the parasite. The
bacteria and parasites will also infect plants that are around the pile of waste, and they will die or
become very unhealthy. They also claim that "there are 23 million fecal coliform bacteria in one
gram of dog waste" and that "one pile of dog waste can take a year or more to fully breakdown." It
is proven that dog waste is harmful to humans and animals, but animals like worms and bees are
needed to keep plants healthy and alive. If the poop has a harmful substance, it may not only affect
the human but also kill of the animals that help plants. This causes plants to slowly die off. Using
dog waste for fertilizer seems like it would have the same effect as using cow manure, but it does
not. The dog waste slowly releases nitrogen. It negatively affects human health with parasites and
bacteria. Helpful animals are hurt and killed because of the bacteria. A normal fertilizer is balanced
with three different nutrients that help plants grow and be healthy. Ultimately, a normal and
balanced fertilizer will have a more positive effect on a lawn compared to unbalanced and bacteria
infected dog

Fertilizer Distance Science Experiment Research Plan
Fertilizer Distance Science Experiment Research Plan
Rationale:
No other experiments have been performed testing how the distance of fertilizer from a seed of
wheat affects the plant's growth, but there are many other related experiments. Experiment 502,
conducted from 1971 to 2015 in Lahoma, Oklahoma, measured the wheat grain yield response to
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. An average increase of 14 bushels/acre/year in the
first 10 years of the experiment when 80 pounds of N as ammonium nitrate was applied preplant.
Grain %N increased linearly up to 100 lb. N/ac in the last 20 years. (North Central Experiment
Station, 2015) Another related experiment is the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted (UK).
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Pauly, 2009) Phosphorous is also a significant element of fertilizer that improves the other
nutrients' effectiveness. Wheat needs phosphorous for healthy roots and early plant growth. (Roberts
1998) "Wheat growth and development may be retarded if any one of these elements is lacking in
the soil or if a nutrient is not adequately balanced with other nutrients." (Pauly 2009) In order to
receive nutrients, the roots of a plant absorb water from a concentration gradient underground and
transport it the the stem of the plant. (Barber, Walker, Vasey, 1963)
Out of the various substances in fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer supplies key nutrients for the
development of wheat. Because nitrogen fertilizer has little residue, it does not harm the
environment as much as other fertilizers. (Lam, Chen, Norton, Armstrong, 2012) "Corn, wheat, and
rice, the fast–growing crops on which humanity depends for survival, are among the most nitrogen
hungry of all plants. They demand more, in fact, than nature alone can provide." (Charles 2013)
The safety hazards of the fertilizer used in this experiment include discomfort to eyes from the dust,
irritated skin from extended or frequent direct contact with the fertilizer, a headache, dizziness, or
vomiting from indigestion of large amounts of fertilizer, and irritated nose, throat, and lungs due to
inhalation of fertilizer dust. Extreme heat. Avoid contact with strong alkalies,

Tips On Growing Tomatoes Of Containers
5 tips on growing tomatoes in containers
Growing tomatoes in a container can be rewarding if done right. But it can be disastrous if the
wrong approach is used. Tomatoes are not the easiest plants to grow, but there sure are the favorite
for many gardeners. The taste of healthy fresh picked tomatoes is a motivation to many people to
grow tomatoes in a natural organic garden.
The good news is you don't need large space to grow. You can utilize that small space in your
backyard and grow enough potatoes to feed your family and sell to your neighbors. Many home
owners are using containers to grow different crops in areas with limited space, tomatoes are some
of the crops that are doing well in containers.
While there some problems you have no control over to prevent tomato fail, like critter, bad weather
and late bright, there are basic rules that you can follow to improve the success your chances for
growing tomatoes in containers.
Here are 5 tips on growing tomatoes in containers:
Tip #1: Preparation
Preparation for growing tomatoes in containers is easier than growing using any other method. You
will the need healthy tomato plant, the right container and compost and/or plant fertilizer.
Select the right tomato variety.
There are different tomato varieties available in the market. Most of these varieties are suitable for
containers, however bushy tomatoes are the recommended container tomatoes since they don't
require sticking and are also good for hanging containers.

Producing and Selling Organic Compost Material
INTRODUCTION The new venture that we have chosen is to produce and sell organic compost
material. The company's name will be CK fertilizers; it will be located in the North Eastern part of
Kalleh village, Madhya Pradesh. This will be the first ever medium scale company to produce
organic compost material in Madhya Pradesh. The target consumers for the product will be farmers
from the location around the company, which is mainly Madhya Pradesh.
We chose this business plan mainly because of three reason; it is a profitable idea, it is eco–friendly
and it will be the first medium scale organic compost production company in Madhya Pradesh.
Before deciding upon this plan we over looked at the cost of establishment, operational cost, need
for organic compost, agriculture of Madhya Pradesh, weather of Kalleh village, target market, ratio
of success rate, it would help Indian agriculture, etc.
CK FERTILIZERS The company will cover 250 square meters of land in in the North Eastern part
of Kalleh village; it will have an organic waste recycling plant, a ware house to store finished
products and an office. It will be a medium scale industry. Raw material mainly used will be organic
waste material; these waste materials will be decomposed in a matter of time and then made ready
for distribution. This business plan will require different equipment and vehicles to function.
Vehicles like mini trucks to transport and other machines to handle the compost.

Causes And Disadvantages Of Eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which an aquatic environment acquires a higher concentration of
two important nutrients: phosphates and nitrates in a certain environment. This promotes excessive
growth of algae on the surface of the water. Living things need some specific nutrients to survive.
Usually nature provides just the specific amount of nutrients, but too many nutrients can cause
dangerous problems to the environment. This is presented in aquatic systems.
However the problems can also increase when aquatic environments such as lakes or rivers have an
overabundance of nutrients, when this happens eutrophication appears. A Eutrophic lake occurs
when there is a presence of too many nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that is usually as a
result of drainage from surrounding land. When a lake or other aquatic system becomes eutrophic,
then we can have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A 2008 study counted 405 dead zones across the world. Hypoxia occur when there is low oxygen in
a specific area, so this is a natural phenomenon in coastal areas around the world. Aquatic dead
zones can be caused by an increase in nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates known as
eutrophication.Major nutrients comes from human activity such as fertilisers in agriculture and
burning fossil fuels , these nutrients lead to rapid increase on phytoplankton resulting in algae bloom
. These organic matter produced sinks to the bottom of the ocean were bacteria break it down, when
bacteria break down this organic matter they consumed oxygen liberating carbon dioxide. So this
process makes the water hypoxic( low quantities of oxygen) making fish and other species to
migrate to other places but there are some plants and animals that cannot move so fast that they die
because they need oxygen to being alive and bacteria has taken away this essential oxygen for

Organic and Inorganic Constituent in Essential in Plants...
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CONSTITUENT IN ESSENTIAL IN PLANTS AND NUTRIENTS
REQUIRED TO PLANTS
Organic constituent
DEFINITION
An organ, system, or other discrete element of an organism the part of the plant that carries out
photosynthesis.
EXPLANATION: The chemical compounds of living things are known as organic compounds
because of their association with organisms. Organic compounds, which are the compounds
associated with life processes, are the subject matter of organic chemistry. Among the numerous
types of organic compounds, four major categories are found in all living things: carbohydrates,
lipids, protein, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
Almost all organisms use carbohydrates as sources of energy. In addition, some carbohydrates ...
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Such nutrients are termed macronutrients, where the prefix macro– (large) refers to the quantity
needed, not the size of the nutrient particles themselves. Other nutrients, called micronutrients, are
required only in trace amounts for plants to remain healthy. Such micronutrients are usually
absorbed as ions dissolved in water taken from the soil, though carnivorous plants acquire some of
their micronutrients from captured prey. The following tables list element nutrients essential to
plants. Uses within plants are generalized.
Macronutrients. (Necessary in large quantities)
Element Form of uptake Notes
Nitrogen NO3–, NH4+ Nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, etc.
Oxygen O2 H2O Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds
Carbon CO2 Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds
Hydrogen H2O Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds
Potassium K+ Cofactor in protein synthesis, water balance, etc.
Calcium Ca2+ Membrane synthesis and stabilization
Magnesium Mg2+ Element essential for chlorophyll
Phosphorus H2PO4– Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP
Sulfur SO42– Constituent of proteins and coenzymes
Micronutrients. (Necessary in small quantities)
Element Form of uptake Notes
Chlorine Cl– Photosystem II and stomata function
Iron Fe2+, Fe3+ Chorophyll formation

Boron HBO3 Crosslinking pectin
Manganese Mn2+ Activity of some enzymes
Zinc Zn2+ Involved in the synthesis of enzymes and chlorophyll
Copper Cu+ Enzymes for lignin synthesis
Molybdenum MoO42– Nitrogen

Biofertilizer in Rice
Biofertilizers are becoming widely used in many countries and for many different crops. Based on
Paul et al., 2013 stated that biofertilizer contain free–living organisms associated with root surfaces
include endophytes and microorganisms that are able to colonize the intercellular or intracellular
spaces between plant tissues without harm to the host plant. According to Vessey, 2003 defined
biofertilizer as products containing lively or dormant strains of soil microbes, either bacteria or in
combination with algae or fungi that increase the availability and nutrients uptake on plant. Rice
production in Malaysia usually used high of input chemical fertilizer which can lead soils to be
degraded, polluted and unproductive. According to Mishra and Dash, 2014 increasingly extensive
uses of chemical fertilizers in India assist soils to be degraded, polluted, less productive and
environmental hazards. Soil pollution is caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers.
In other words, there is much concern to further preserve environmental through the use of less
intensive and more sustainable agricultural practices by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers.
(Gomiero et al.2011). Mishra and Dash, 2014 stated these issues can be solved by using
biofertilizers to make the ecosystem healthier. Thus, it minimize dependency of farmer on chemical
fertilizers. These biofertilizers are not harmful to crops but facilitate the unabsorbed nutrient in soil
to be

Effect Of Fertilizer On Plant Growth
The Effect of Fertilizer on Plant's Growth
Plants need food to grow like human beings. Fertilizers can provide plant's nutrients that may be
lacking in the soil. How does the amount of fertilizer effect the growth of the plant? Plants are
important in our life. Plants give us food, regulate the water cycle, and provide us oxygen. Plants
make up the habitat, and contribute to the climate. Our everyday life depends on plants. Life could
not exist without plants. It is very important plants grow and develop properly. Lack of water,
nutrients in the soil, and natural disasters may contribute to the delay or reduction of the plant
growth. If a plant does not get the right amount of nutrients from the root then the plant will not
yield fruits, crops, and flowers. Plants need the right amount of fertilizer to grow and develop.
Usage of too much fertilizer can harm plants. Plant can suffer from dehydration and eventually die.
The correct amount of fertilizer is essential for the plant to grow healthy. If watering the plant with
too little or too much fertilizer, then plant's growth will slow down, because under fertilizer will
cause the lack of nutrients in the soil and over fertilizer will increase the salt amount of soil which
eventually slow down the growth of the plant.
The Department of Crop Production at Kwara State University in Nigeria conducted an experiment
on the growth of a plant called "Amaranthus Caudatus" in the savanna zone of Nigeria on November
20, 2014. This

The Essential Elements Of Plants
There are 17 essential elements that plants need to grow and reproduce. These required nutrients are
often placed in four categories. The first group are the carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
that plants obtain primarily from water and air. The remaining three categories contain the 14
essential nutrients generally taken up by plant roots from soil (Table 1). The primary macronutrients
are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These three elements are required in large
amounts by the plant and are the most commonly applied nutrients in most fertilizers. The secondary
macronutrients, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are usually required in slightly lower
amounts than primary macronutrients. Applications of these nutrients may be needed but are
generally less frequently required than the primary macronutrients.
The fourth and final category of plant nutrients are the micronutrients. Although just as essential for
proper plant growth and reproduction, micronutrients are needed in much smaller quantities. In
many soils, micronutrients are present in sufficient amounts for plant growth. Micronutrient excess,
called toxicity, can also be problematic. Care must be taken to not oversupply micronutrients
through fertilization or pH management. Soil tests are the best way to be certain that micronutrient
levels are adequate but not too high.
How Plants Fill Nutrient Needs
Plant roots serve many functions, but one of their most critical roles is the

Nitrogen as a Fertilizer, Nutrient, or Pollutant Essay
Nitrogen as a Fertilizer, Nutrient, or Pollutant
Nitrogen can always be a fertilizer, nutrient, or pollutant depending on the circumstances and the
environment it is in. As a fertilizer, nitrogen can be extremely useful in aiding the growth of many
plants. As a nutrient, nitrogen is essential to many plants growth and survival. As a pollutant,
nitrogen can not only affect the plant at the given time but be very detrimental many years down the
road. No matter where you go nitrogen will always be either a fertilizer, nutrient, or pollutant.
Nitrogen can be considered as both a fertilizer and nutrient under the right constraints. I will use
citrus plants as one of my examples. For citrus growers applying nitrogen to plants ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research has shown that nitrogen deficiencies this severe in oranges will result in considerable yield
losses.
As you can see from this quote nitrogen is not only a needed nutrient but also a valuable fertilizer.
Citrus plants constantly need nitrogen to promote optimal growth and yield. Nitrogen is often
readily available in well or ground water. Nitrogen can also be accessible through organic matter.
You have to be careful though because some organic matter can actually be low in nitrogen.
"Nitrogen stored in the soil or present in organic amendments can substitute for chemical sources.
However, some organic amendments can be sufficiently low in nitrogen (as those derived from yard
waste), that their microbial degradation can actually induce a temporary nitrogen deficiency in a
grove that would otherwise have sufficient nitrogen." There are also several ways nitrogen can be
applied that many people may not think of. When most farmers or people think of fertilizing they
think of a tractor pulling a sprayer with wet fertilizer, or a truck spreading dry fertilizer. But with
citrus plants you can't really pull a sprayer or drive a truck through your crop. You have to use more
non conventional methods of application. The two most commonly used forms of application are by
plane and through there irrigation systems. They apply nitrogen year round because it is such a
useful fertilizer and nutrient and takes such a large amount to keep the

Composting: Federally Decomposed Organic Fertilizer
Composting is the controlled decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms. Compost is
partially decomposed organic matter. Humus is completely decomposed organic matter. Also mulch
is an organic or inorganic materials spread in a layer on the soil surface.
Mulch improves soil conditions and structure. It increases the soils ability to bold water and
nutrients. It supports living soil organisms. Also helps dissolve mineral forms of nutrients. Then
buffers soil from chemical imbalances. May provide biological control of certain soil pests. But
helps return organic materials to the soil. Could be used as a mulch a liquid fertilizer or incorporated
into the soil.
When you use it, it shouldn't smell. You

Write An Essay On The Dust Bowl
Imagine you lived during the time period where poor farming techniques were created, and dust was
being deposited or dropped into your lungs, forcing you to walk slowly down the steps of death. The
phenomenon, the Dust Bowl, took place in the United States during the years around the 1930's. It
was an event that occurred in the United States, where the area it was taken place did not have moist
soil, healthy crops, and a considerable amount of water. During this time, the soil was poor, meaning
there was a small amount of nutrients in it. From this, it caused the seeds being planted to wilt, and
die.. Compost helps the nutrients and moisture to stay within the soil, in order to allow the plants to
not wither from being over watered or the lack of this liquid.
Plants, also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, these nutrients come from water, a colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid that
forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain, and most importantly, good soil, which are sediments broken
down by weathering. Compost would be considered as one of the most nutritional value to the
plants, even though it may not be necessary to use for planting. Despite this, it helps increase the
nutritional value given to the plants. According to the resource,
https://bonnieplants.com/library/what–is–compost/, it states, "The organic matter in compost
sponges up the fertilizer nutrients until they are needed by plants. Compost also provides many
nutrients that plants need in small amounts, such as boron." Boron is a micronutrient for plants that
benefits and are the causes of their development and growth by strengthening and forming the stem
cells. The stem cells are cells of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to more cells
of the same type. In addition, there is

A Research On Organic And Chemical Essay
Organic and chemical are both antagonistic words, and both are rivals to say in the horticulture and
agriculture industries, as one of the words invokes a sense of greenery and meadows while the other
hinders to synthetic mixtures and various concoctions in a sterilized environment. What organic
fertilizers means is that they are minimally processed, in which the nutrients are sourced in their
natural form. Most of these sources are made from plant waste, animal wastes, and powdered
materials such as glacial rock dust and bone meal. On the other hand, chemical fertilizers are refined
nutrients from extracts that are mixed with chemical dressings to create a specific ratio. Chemical
fertilizers are made from petroleum products, certain rocks, and also from organic sources.
100 years ago a lone chemist, Fritz Haber, discovered ammonia synthesis, a process in which Fritz
used a sheet of osmium inside a steel chamber, flowing with nitrogen and hydrogen gas, and packed
with pressure and enormous heat, created ammonia. Fritz was a genius, and he discovered
something many scientists had been frantically researching for years, the idea of turning nitrogen
gas, which was abundant in the atmosphere, into a physical form in which plants can take up as
nutrients. The advent rise of chemical fertilizers has brought humans many great harvests in the turn
of the last century. It has given the ability for agriculture to sustain and feed humanity at an ever
more increasing rate, from 1.6

Utilization of Biodegradable Kitchen Wastes Into Organic...
Utilization of Biodegradable Kitchen Wastes into Organic Fertilizer Using Earthworms * Abstract
One of the effective means to at least lessen the occurrence of our present garbage disposal problem
is through the use of methods that are non–toxic, less expensive, less–harmful, and yet equally
effective. This project aims to provide for a natural and effective way of disposing garbage.
During the experiment, kitchen wastes were collected. The materials were shredded and placed in
garbage bags with small holes. The temperature inside the bags was allowed to lower.
Three set–ups were prepared and were covered with plastic. The first box contained pure carabao
manurd, the second box contained 70 percent carabao manure and 30 percent ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Every living cell contains nitrogen and its abundance leads to green, succulent growth.
Phosphorous occurs in the protoplasm, with its great concentration in seeds thereby increasing –their
production. Potassium influences the uptake of other elements and affects both respiration and
transpiration (Fitzpatrick, 1974). * Methodology
Kitchen wastes, composed mainly of vegetable and fruit peelings, were gathered, shredded, and
placed in garbage bags with small holes. Temperature build–up inside the bags due to partial
decomposition was measured and allowed to lower down for one month until three consecutive
declining of temperature were achieved.
Three set–ups measuring 15 x 8 inches were prepared and were covered with plastic. One box
contained pure carabao manure, the other box contained 70 percent carabao manure and 30 percent
processed kitchen wastes and the last box contained pure processed kitchen waste. About one
hundred pieces of Lumbricus terrestris were placed in each set–up. The boxes were placed in a
lighted area to prevent the worms from escaping Since worms are known to be light–sensitive. The
set–ups were checked daily and watered to keep moisture. Upon consumption of the contents of the
boxes, as evidenced by the appearance of brown granular structures, the set–ups were spread on
newspapers under the sunlight. The Lumbricus terrestris were gathered. The resultant product, called
"earthworm castings," were then sun–dried and passed

Research Strategy And Econometric Framework : Study Area...
Research strategy and econometric framework
Study area and sampling procedure
The data for the study was obtained from a survey of 119 coffee producers in the state of Oaxaca.
The survey related to activities undertaken during the 2013/2014 coffee growing season and was
undertaken in August–September, 2014. Field interviews with producers were conducted on a one to
one basis using a structured survey questionnaire. In the first stage of the sampling procedure, a
municipality – San Agustin Loxicha – was selected (see Figure 1). The municipality itself is located
in one of the main coffee growing regions of Oaxaca. Local representatives of the coffee sector in
Oaxaca reviewed the questionnaire for clarity and to ensure that questions were relevant to the
context of the sampled area. In the second stage, two villages within the municipality were
randomly selected as field sites and a pre–test survey was conducted in a third village. Proportionate
random sampling was carried out using a database of coffee producers in each village. During field
visits, semi structured interviews were also conducted with five producers in order to obtain
supplementary information on local issues related to coffee production.
(INSERT FIGURE 1 HERE)
Dependant variables
The SMPs considered for this study were taken from the recommendations of the AMECAFE
(2011) report regarding coffee growing

What Conditions Do You Need To Grow Rice
Has there been any minds in this world that thought of breaking a permanent logic? If there is, it
would simply turn into a ridiculous joke from someone's eyes, but from a certain person's sight is a
delicacy, deeply craving for an answer. Rice farming has been a traditional part of living since the
old days. It has become an essential part of humanity's survival, progress, and growth. From plains
to mountains to the hills to desolate lands, it has been grown in different places like in Japan. Many
believe that rice is a seasonal plant that can only grow in one season and growing it in any other
season will only diminish its growth and led to failure. However with the current changes of living,
it eventually made people think farther and in a different way that it became unreasonable. It is
possible to grow rice in any season because it depends on the land condition, other country can grow
it, and having proper material, resources, layout, and planning. The condition of the land is an
important factor for growing rice. According to Brian Barth from "What Conditions Do You Need
To Grow Rice", he stated "the growing rice should be kept weed–free, has moisturize soil and is
well–fertilized with a source of nitrogen". Brian Barth gave away the essential requirements of a
good plot of land where rice can grow without relying to the season. The weeds remove for spaces,
the wet soil that provides nutrients and both the fertilizer and nitrogen for further nourishment of the
rice

Organic Sulfur Importance
What is Organic Sulfur and Why it is Important?
Organic Sulfur is also known as methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), has a long history as a therapeutic
mineral for a wide variety of ailments. It is the third most abundant mineral in the human body and
is absolutely essential for health.
It is found in the cells of all living organisms and plays a critical role in the oxygenation and
detoxification of all cells.
Unfortunately, we don't hear sulfur being mentioned very often, is all but forgotten as a critical
nutrient in recent decades.
I found it very shocking that a Minimum Daily Requirement to avoid sulfur deficiency does not
even exist despite the fact it is the third most abundant mineral in the body and plays important roles
in hundreds of physiological processes.
Sulfur vs. Organic Sulfur
I think many of us are familiar with sulfur in high school chemistry or maybe not. Before I began
my organic sulfur journey, I was not familiar with it at all. I thought to myself why anyone would
add something that has unpleasant smell of rotten eggs in their dietary regime. I didn't really
understand why sulfur was important for my body.
Upon further research, I began to understand that sulfur actually exists in two forms in nature. The
form that is absolutely essential for our health turns out it is neither drug nor vitamin, but rather a
nutrient or food that our body needs to function properly.
However, organic sulfur, also called Methylsulphonylmethane (MSM) sulfur, and sulfur are

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Climate
Climate change means the fluctuation changes of the climate in a period of time, this period of time
could means several decades or centenaries, the fluctuation could be regional or global. At present,
what we talked most is the effect of the environment policy on the climate, in another words is the
effect of human factor on the climate, especially the questions about the global warming, and
climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing the world, it's extremely urgent, people
wonder that if the power of an individual can slow down the global warming, if we join with
scientists, business enterprise and the government, start from small details, we can do a big
contribution for the reduce of greenhouse gas emission.
We don't need to wait for governments to find a solution for this problem, each individual can bring
an important help adopting a more responsible lifestyle, starting from little and everyday things. It's
the only reasonable way to save our planet.
Firstly, strict penalty would result in the decline in the pollution, because this measure would have a
deterrent effect on those people who destroy the environment. They would consider the
consequences of their behavior if they know they would be punished severely. Those people could
learn a lesson from the punishment and avoid making the same mistake the next time. Furthermore,
the other measures can also be taken. To begin with, the government should produce more public
service advertisements, which can

Literature Review On Pigeon Pia
Literature review
Pigeon pea is one of the most commonly grown pulses crop in different agro ecological region. It
contributes 16% of total pulse production in India, standing second place after chick pea. In India,
pigeon pea cover an area of 4.42 m ha, occupying 14.5% of area under pulses production and
productivity around 707 kg/ha (Mula et al., 2014). Pulses are known to have high protein contain
and pigeon pea has 20–22% protein contain (Saxena et al., 2010). But due to lack of proper rainfall
the per capita productivity of pigeon pea hsa declined in India from 64 g per day ( 1951–1956 ) to
36 g per day ( 2002–2003 ) which lies below the average the world productivity ( Asthana et al.,
1999 ).
Pigeon pea is a multi–purpose crop which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Continous use of chemical fertilizers can affect the soil property which later cause decrease in
productivity, low nutrient recovery for plants uptake which cause higher cost of production and
environmental pollution ( Sarkar et al ., 1997 ).
On the other hand, vermicompost is easily degradable and it has the almost same property with the
inorganic material. Vermicompost also has nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium,
iron, zinc, sulphur etc ( Marta et al ., 2009 ). It increase the microbial activity as well as increases
the soil properties which is the benefit property of vermicompost from inorganic fertilizers . And it
leaves no residue to the field. But there are times where we cannot satisfy field needs with
vermicompost alone. So, this purpose work is to find out the effect of combined application of
vermicompost with inorganic fertilizer on pigeon

The Effects Of Manure On The Agricultural Industry
Throughout the years the agricultural industry has had significant developments in the cultivation of
crops; some of which include advancements in the knowledge about fertilization. The land in which
plants are placed is extremely important when it comes to how well they grow and produce.
Through observations one can see that there are certain parts of the world better equipped for certain
plants to be raised, which is often due to climate and the nutrients found within the soil. When soil
falls short of providing for specific plants that is where fertilizer comes into play, it meets the
elemental requirements for the plant to best grow. Some common fertilizers are manure–animal
droppings used enrich the land, compost–decayed organic material, or synthetic fertilizers. This
being said, as in all things agricultural, there is controversy as to what should be put into food
sources due to the possible dangers. Manure being the product of animal waste can create tension in
its use and can therefore raise the question as to what is the agricultural benefit in the use of manure
and how does it aid plant production and growth? There are important concepts to understand in the
comparison of manure to other fertilizers. For starters, there are two branches of fertilizers, one is
synthetic, manmade, and the other organic, or naturally made. Both of these are providing the
necessary carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium required to help plants
thrive

High Nitrogen Concentration Affect Pisum Sativum Growth?
Mitchell Davis BIO 211 Summer 2015 Research paper project Dr. Salwa Kirbah
"The Effect of High Nitrogen Concentration in Fertilizer on Pisum sativum Growth"
Introduction
Background information about the plant used: The plant that is being used is called the Pisum
sativum. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. Pisum sativum requires a free draining soil. It is
intolerant to water logging. The soil can be either sandy or medium loam. These plants do like soil
that has a little bone meal because it contains phosphorus. The soil pH has to be 6.0 to 7.0 which is
slightly alkaline. The soil cannot have too much lime in it. It roughly takes 8–10 weeks to grow and
be harvested. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plant four seeds in each pot. The seeds need to be planted 1 inch in depth and 2 inches apart. The
seeds do not touch the fertilizer. This can damage the seeds. Place enough of the potting soil in the
container to cover the seeds. Water each pot with a liter of water. Water the plant sparsely and only
when the top two inches of the soil is dry. Divide up the pots where 5 pots get the correct fertilizer, 5
without the correct fertilizer, and one potted plant doesn't receive any fertilizer at all. Group A are
the potted plants that receive the UltraGreen fertilizer. Group B are the seeded pots that contains the
incorrect fertilizers. Each pot is labeled with the brand of fertilizer used. Group C is the potted plant
that receives no fertilizer. The seeded plants were placed in full sunlight. Plant measurements will be
conducted at 4:00 pm every day. The positive control group were the seeded pots with the
UltraGreen fertilizer. The negative control group were the seeded pots with all the incorrect
fertilizers in them. Set the pots in the same location outside. All plants were exposed to the same
temperature. Water the plants equally and regularly as needed. Beginning May 1, count the number
of flowers. Put data in week by week. For example, week 1, the plant has grown 1 millimeter but no

The Grand Challenge Of Engineering On Nitrogen Cycle Essay
The Grand Challenge of Engineering on Nitrogen Cycle: Is it Ethical or Not? Engineers have
revolutionized the world. Not one person, living or dead, has escaped the benefits of their works let
alone the animals, or microorganisms, or basically everything that constitutes the physical world.
They have made life easier and provided other professionals the tools necessary to discover and
better understand existence. They found ways of breaking into another dimension of any known
discipline and have continually advanced the society to a more global and prolific understanding.
Then again, like any other areas in this world, there is a whole different side to this story. Engineers
may have brought the wonders people enjoy today but at the expense of other life forms, like the
environment, as well as of the general view on what is ethical. As stated in the code of ethics for
engineering practice, it is of paramount importance to consider the environment, as well as public
safety, health, and welfare when performing professional duties [1]. Since the pioneering
advancement in technology entailed environmental crisis and affected public health, it cannot
therefore be entirely considered ethical and is in need of a more profound understanding and
creativity to address such issues.
One of the many grand challenges of engineering considered by the National Academy of
Engineering is the management of nitrogen cycle. Indeed, nitrogen is the most common gas in the
atmosphere and is

Case Analysis : ' Terracycle Inc ' By Jon Beyer And Tom Szaky
TerraCycle Inc.
In 2001, Terra Cycle was produced by Jon Beyer and Tom Szaky, both Princeton University
students. By 2003, Tom left school to pursue the business of TerraCycle full–time basis. The growth
process was slow in its infancy stages, but by 2006 several companies became interested in the
TerraCycle concept for the All–Purpose Plant Food. It was now necessary for the chief financial
officer (CFO) Betsy Cotton to discuss the future opportunities of TerraCycle the Trenton New Jersey
company (Clow & Baack, p. 41).
TerraCycle's name is derived from the word Terra which means planet earth and cycle which means
any complete round or series of occurrence that repeats or is repeated according to Dictionary.com.
TerraCycle created a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
43). There were other plant foods on the market that were selling similar products comparable to the
All–Purpose Plant Food. The two competitive gardening products were Scotts Miracle–Gro and
Spectrum brands (Clow & Baack, p. 45). Miracle–Gro was a substance that when added to water
became a fluid matter used to grow and feed plants (Clow & Baack, p. 46).
When conducting a competitive/industry analysis, what are TerraCycle's primary advantages? What
are the company's main weaknesses when compared with the competition?
TerraCycle's advantage is that they have an organic liquid plant food and their product process was
natural and environmentally friendly (Clow & Baack, p. 43). TerraCycle's main weakness comes
from not marketing to the commercial growers; instead the All–Purpose plant food was for small
gardeners (Clow & Baack, p. 47). Also, TerraCycle did not have a market for direct sales, therefore
they were negotiating deals with retailers to keep an ongoing relationship. This relationship was
passive because retailers were not paying TerraCycle in a timely manner and they were lenient on
returns (Clow & Baack, p. 47). Products were being returned and this could be thought of as either
controllable returns or uncontrollable returns. Thus Kotler & Keller denotes that lenient return
policies encourage customers to make additional purchases and helps spread the word about the
company to others, therefore creating a win–win for both the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Inorganic Fertilizer
Inorganic fertilizer may look as if to propose that the fertilizer is not natural it is chemical made by
the industries or a factory. Industrial fertilizer is fertilizer supply from mineral deposit or artificial
from man–made compound. This type of fertilizer also contains natural compounds. The mixture of
a formula is put together in a factory, rather than collecting by environment as it occurs with organic
fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer also contains beneficial chemical and mineral deposits and materials
the nutrients essential to produce plants. This type of fertilizer can be offered mostly in different
agriculture different stores. Some of the farmers prepared to use inorganic fertilizer for them to
salvage the malnourishment of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also affordability, convenience, and effectiveness in nourishing plants; however it can also have
disadvantages when using chemical based fertilizers. Plants will show signs of lacking nutrient the
inorganic fertilizer was separate help over organic choices, it depends on soil organisms to first,
break down the organic substance before the nutrients can be out. Inorganic fertilizer's fast delivery
elements and minerals eliminate this potential problem. Inorganic fertilizer, which is often
reasonably priced, consists of mineral–based nutrients manufactured for instant application on
crops. Unlike the organic variety, inorganic fertilizer does not need to decompose over time to
supply nutrients to plants. Inorganic fertilizer contained balanced amounts of nitrogen, potassium
and phosphorus to supply plants and to grow it faster. These are the substance of chemical gain from
the processes in cultivating the first one is urea. Nitrogen as urea can be lost to the atmosphere if
fertilizer urea remains on the soil surface for total periods of time throughout warm

The Impact Of River Macroinvertebrates On The Chemical...
Literature Review The main purpose of this literature review is to collate information on how river
macroinvertebrates are collected and how the concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, ammonia or
BOD in the water relate to the families of macroinvertebrates present. Different methods have been
used to help collect and identify macroinvertebrates and monitor pollution levels. This review
mainly focuses on the kick sampling technique for collecting macroinvertebrates. It then describes
the methods that are used to collect the levels of ammonia, phosphorus, BOD and nitrogen. Foy et al
(2001) wished to access the effectiveness of regulatory controls on farm pollution using chemical
and biological indices of water quality and pollution statistics. The water quality was tested in 42
streams in the Colebrooke and Upper Bann catchments in Northern Ireland during 1990–1998. This
was a large timescale therefore more results were collaborated. The method used to collect the
samples of invertebrates was kick sampling, these samples were then taken back to the laboratory to
identify them. Using the BMWP scoring system a score was then given to the macroinvertebrates,
relating to how organic pollution had affected them, with 1 being tolerant and 10 being highly
sensitive. To know the pollution statistics there was recorded incidents on farm pollution assessed
between 1987 and 1997, this was from a relational farm pollution database. The measurements that
Foy et al (2001) took were

Pesticides : An Important Part Of Farming
It is easy to take for granted how the food we eat was grown, how the putting green at a local golf
course is so nice, or how decorative houseplants become so large and beautiful. The secret behind
all these everyday pleasures is fertilizers. Fertilizers supply the nutrients necessary to a plant that are
not as abundant as oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. Fertilizers are an important part of farming
because it allows for better growth and a larger yield. Not only are fertilizers important for farming,
but they are also used on golf courses, private lawns, and in gardening and landscaping. Chemistry
is the very foundation of fertilization due to the chemical elements and how they operate, the
purpose behind fertilizer, the time frame, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many people initially picture manure when the term fertilizer is mentioned or discussed. Manure
was traditionally used as a fertilizer, but modern fertilizers consist of different elements engineered
chemically along with natural animal manure, compost, and other organic matter. Modern fertilizers
really became popular after WWII around 1945 because of the excess ammonia, its availability, and
low cost [13]. Ammonia was then used for nitrogen fertilizers, but little research was done on them.
After researching and gaining knowledge on the amount of fertilizer needed and how the plants
were affected by the fertilizer, the system became much more effective. The modern fertilizer
industry is worth $10 billion dollars in the United States today [2]. This is a massive industry where
both imports and exports are worth billions of dollars.
Fertilizers are usually a combination of different elements. These elements can be split up into
macro and micronutrients. The macronutrients are the main nutrients a plant needs to support
healthy growth, whereas the plant needs less micronutrients. There are six macronutrients: nitrogen,
phosphorous, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and magnesium. The macronutrients nitrogen,
phosphorous, and potassium require the highest amount of application and are emphasized the most.
The remaining three macronutrients – calcium, sulfur, and magnesium – require a lower application
amount. The micronutrients consist of zinc, copper, iron,

The Importance Of Responsible Nutrient Management to the...
Microorganisms
Although they are small microorganisms have a humungous impact in the structure of soil and plant
formation. Microorganisms, which include many different fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, are
considered the architects of the soil as they have the ability to create a strong ecosystem in the soil.
Microorganisms work best in communities to develop the structures for plants. For microorganisms
to thrive there has to be a diverse amount of nutrients in the soil for them to feed off of. Schulz
(2013) explains, "soil aggregation is of upmost importance in controlling microbial structures and
functions and plant life" (pg. 1873). Microorganisms live off of different nutrients in the soil and
once they digest the different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Microorganisms support the soil and the plants ability to grow but are only utilized with responsible
nutrient management. If microorganisms are destroyed, crops will produce less yields and the soil
will not be as beneficial. Since microorganisms are so complex, to find out how to restore them to
normal would be a problematic task. Once microorganism in the soil are better understood, farmers
will have a better ability to manage the nutrients in the soil so nutrients can be added that support
the microorganisms.
Soil Organic Carbon
One of the major benefits agriculture can give is to buff the air of carbon, which is caused by CO2
emissions. Soil has a great ability to retain carbon, which would help sequester CO2 from the air
and store it in the soil. Plants need CO2 in order to go through the process of photosynthesis so
through photosynthesis carbon is pulled from the atmosphere and put into the soil. No till is more
beneficial to store carbon, nitrogen and organic matter in the soil because since the soil is not turned
over, the organic important nutrients are not lost to aeration. Olson et al. states "plowing was the
primary cause of SOC oxidization and emission of CO2 to the atmosphere" (pg. 350). Soil organic
carbon (SOC) plays an important role in crop growth and efficiency, so when the soil is turned over,
a negative affect occurs which allows the carbon back into the atmosphere. The soil has more ability
to hold

The Importance Of Nitrogen Fertilizer As Tool For...
With the high demands on agriculture farmers have been utilizing every possible tool to increase
production. A major device being implemented around the world is nitrogen fertilizer. Since
nitrogen makes up 16% of protein no living organism can survive without absorbing some in their
normal diet (Frink, Waggoner, and Ausubel, 1999). Therefore nitrogen is an essential mineral for all
living things; however, our industry has become too dependent on nitrogen fertilizers without
realizing the long–term consequences and it is causing environmental issues worldwide. The main
and most common concern is oceanic dead zones, but we are attempting to adapt to remove the
conflict while still keeping nitrogen fertilizer as tool for agriculture (Biello, 2008). For many of the
early years of science the importance of nitrogen for life was not recognized. It was even described
and noxious gas the scientist who discovered it, Daniel Rutherford from Scotland. However, it was
later revealed that it was as important as oxygen to living organisms (Nitrogen, 2014). Nitrogen is
the basic component of biological molecules like nucleic acids and amino acids, which in turn are
the building blocks of DNA, RNA, and proteins (Frink et al., 1999). Since it is apart of so much
organic material it is the fourth most common element in the human body. Without nitrogen life on
earth would not exist as it does today. Nitrogen was first isolated from the atmosphere, hence
noxious gas. As it is one of the most

What Does The Invention Can Be Made For A Healthier...
Ever wonder what invention can be made that will benefit the present and the future. Yet, it is not
any ordinary invention, it is an invention that will make the planet greener and provide a healthier
lifestyle for the people. These green developments are what are called sustainable chemistry. It is a
tactic created to provide the needs of the present generations that will later also benefit the future
generations. The people have to create greener solutions to many of these environmental problems
because as we know a large portion of our planet is being destroyed piece by piece. From the air we
breathe all the way to the soil, we walk on every day. A major problem would be that many people
are developing major health issues, all because of the filthy air we breathe in. This is all coming
from the toxic gases from factories and cars, toxic chemical waste, overloads of waste, plant
chemicals, the list is endless of how many harmful chemicals are released. Many of these chemical
uses can be decreased if we do our part of creating a situation. Instead of creating more trash and
throwing away piles of garbage into the landfills and getting much of that burned or chemically
proceed. Mostly 30 to 40 percent of food is thrown away into the landfills in just the United States.
We can simply divide our trash and can create compost. Forming a chemical solution created by
pure food compost that is only proceeded by worms. Reducing the use of intoxicated chemicals that
harm the earth's

The Treatment Of A Female Child
A female child, under 16 years of age, has been dealing with a number of health issues for several
years. Among them are STDs, bipolar, pregnancy/miscarriage, suicide attempts, and newly
discovered cervical cancer. She has a history of drugs and alcohol and is about 4 weeks into another
pregnancy. She has been expelled from school and is suppose to have home–schooling three times a
week. These are canceled most of the time because she is either not at home, or is not able to
function that day. This child has decided not to have any treatment for the cervical cancer as this
would prevent her from being able to become pregnant in the future. She has also decided to have
the baby. Apparently she does not understand the ramifications involved if she does not have the
cancer surgery/treatment with regard to the safety and health of the child she is carrying as well as
her own. There have been numerous professional people involved in the ongoing care of this child.
Various doctors, psychiatrists, Social Services, Child Protective Advocates, the courts, a mentor and
school councilors have been looking out for the welfare of this child for at least 3 years. In spite of
the fact that she has a history of drugs and alcohol, and has anger management issues and suicide
attempts, nobody has taken these red flags seriously enough to protect her from herself. The parents
of this child are divorced. They are also dysfunctional. Problems have existed in this family from the
beginning. An

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Chemical Feertilizers
from the neutral fertilizer solution one will need a filter to remove solid crystals of fertilizer. The
name of the fertilizer can be easily predicted based on the name of the acid and the alkali used in the
process. For example, nitric acid and ammonia will be needed to make ammonium nitrate.
2. MAIN PART
2.1 Fertilizer Placement by Type
Nitrogen fertilizer
Placement decisions should maximize availability of nitrogen to crops and minimize potential
losses. As a plant's roots usually do not grow across the root zone of another plant, nitrogen must be
placed somewhere all plants have direct access to. To accomplish this objective broadcast
applications are the best option. Banding may also be beneficial when all crop rows are directly next
to a band. Placement below the soil surface can increase nitrogen availability under dry conditions.
On the other hand, subsurface placement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although chemical fertilizers greatly improve plant growth, they do not do much to sustain the soil.
Even the fertilizers labeled as "complete" do not actually promote neither soil life nor health. In fact,
they do not replace many trace elements that are gradually depleted by repeated crop plantings,
resulting in long–term damage to the soil.
Due to the nutrients being readily available and chemical fertilizers easy to be used, the danger of
over fertilization appears to be high. This not only can kill plants but also upset the entire ecosystem.
Furthermore, chemical fertilizers tend to leach, or filter away from the plants. As a result, additional
applications may be required. Nevertheless, repeated applications may result in toxic of chemicals
such as arsenic, cadmium, and uranium building up in the soil. The problem lies in the fact that the
toxic chemicals can eventually make their way into your fruits and

The Benefits Of Fertilizer In Russia
Within Russia, there are several unmet needs across the nation. One potentially viable product that
our organization can introduce is fertilizer for farmers. Fertilizer is a product that may vary from
area to area, but contains the necessary nutrients that are needed to add to local soils for the growth
of specific agricultural products. This is a significant need within Russia, as the agricultural industry
has been falling behind in recent years. It seems that the nation has difficulty producing enough
agricultural product to support its needs from year to year. Additionally, farmers do not often use
fertilizers to help their crops, which in turn prevents increased productivity. If farmers were
educated on the importance of fertilizing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their cost structure is also inefficient, which will require capital to restructure. Because they are
larger companies these changes will take time, and should be incorporated into their vertical
structures. Their current cost structure decreases their profit margins and the marginal benefit from
their economies of scale.1 These mechanical deficits will be to the company's advantage should we
choose to enter the market. This type of enterprise is supported by the Russian government through
tax incentives and lower tariffs, as food production and development is essential to economic
growth. They also specialize in more expensive fertilizers, while there are cheaper components and
means of production in the U.S. These weaknesses can be taken advantage of, while these
competitors are focused elsewhere. The Russian government is encouraging better food production,
especially in wheat farming. Farmers are always looking for ways to beat the constant inflation that
they face. Providing an effective product, at a lower cost with tax breaks can prove profitable.
This product is a utility good, so there are social connotations attached to it. Cultural differences
would arise, when marketing the product to farmers. Marketing should be focused on traditional
media (TV, trade shows, print, Outdoor, industry magazines and face–to–face), as theirs is not as
technologically developed as the U.S. Straight forward language is required and no

Earthworms And Organic Fertilizers
The radish is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family. Radishes are great plants for
demonstrating the effects of different levels of plant nutrition, germinating and growing quickly and
reliably. Radish plants take up nutrients from the soil to make food. Soil is rich in essential nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; but these nutrients are sometimes not present in the
acceptable amount. Nitrogen is vital because it is a major component of chlorophyll, which is the
compound by which plants use in photosynthesis. It is also a major component of amino acids and
without them plants withers and die. Phosphorus is a component of the complex nucleic acid
structure of plants, which regulates protein synthesis and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We came to the conclusion that the combination of earthworms and organic fertilizer did not have an
effect on the average growth of radish plants. We did a t–test to see if there is a statistically
significant difference (at the α=0.05 level) between the average growth of radish plants grown with
the organic fertilizer and worms treatment compared to average growth of radish plants grown with
only soil, earthworms with soil, or only organic fertilizer treatments. Since, all p–values were more
than the alpha level, the results tell us that there is no significant evidence that the average growth of
radish plants grown using fertilizer with worms will be higher than radish plants grown using only
soil, earthworms with soil or only organic fertilizer. This could be from a number of

Agricultural Solid Waste For Energy Potential And...

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