2. SOCIOLOGY : A SCIENCE OF SOCIETY
What is sociology?
The term “sociology” was coined by Auguste Comte, a French philosopher in 1830 – the Father of sociology
The word sociology is derived from the Latin term “Societus” (society) and a Greek team “Logos” (Study or science)
Science of Society
Ward:- “Sociology is the science of society or of social phenomena ”
Ginsberg:- “Sociology is the study of human interactions and inter-relations,
their conditions and consequences”
3. Sociology is the mother of all social science in various sectors like:
Sociology
Relationship
History
Political
Science
Economics Philosophy Anthropology psychology Ethics Law
4. WHAT IS SOCIETY?
Sociology is the science of society. Society has been defined by many sociologists thus:
Lipiere: “The team society refers not to a group of people but to the complex,
the pattern of norms of interaction that arise among and between them ”
“human society is a dynamic, ever-changing and ongoing entity. Individuals who are
members of society may come and go but society is permanent.”
Human Society
“human societies are social systems in which people are united by shared or reciprocal
relations into corporate entities defined by social, cultural and geographical boundaries.”
HUMAN SOCIETY IS A WEB OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS
WHO ARE ITS MEMBERS
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY:
(ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY)
• Neighbourhoods, Cities, the political outfit, Countries
• Natural or man-made boundaries
Definite Territory
• Reproduction, adoption
• Immigration or source of new member
Progeny
• Every society has its own culture. Culture is Communicated from one generation to
another generation in a physical form.
Culture
• Permanent
• Self-contained or integrated group
Independence
• The population will continue for the next progressive institution generation.
Demographic Whole
• Both culture and society are the products of social interaction.
• Like communication common needs and interest interrelationships and independence
between individuals.
Social interactions
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY:
(ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY)
• Neighbourhoods, Cities, the political outfit, Countries
• Natural or man-made boundaries
Social organisation
Functional differentiation or
variation
A Feeling of Solidarity
Abstract Organization
Existence of Sociability
Social interactions
7. Social Institutions
Element of Social Institution
1. A group of People
2. United by Common Interest
3. Having material Resources
4. Having norms
5. Fulfil some social needs.
8. CHARACTERISTICS
1. Social Institutions are Universal.
2. They are from Time to Time and across cultures, in terms of complexity,
specialization, scope, formality And organization. But their basic nature and
purpose are similar everywhere.
Type of Social Institutions
Five major
institutions in
sociology
Family Education Economy Religion
Political
Institution
34. Social and Legal System
What is law?
Every Society has its own legal system. Law is the body of principles
recognized and applied by the state in the administration of justice
Law is a body of Rules / Set of Rules
1. Legal order / Systematic Application of the force of Organized POL SOCIETY.
2. A body of legal precepts exists in a politically organized society.
3. Official Control of politically organized society.
term ‘law’ means three things:-
35. Social and Legal System
Functions and Purposes of Law
Major function:- justice, stability and peaceful
1. Law is to control natural tendencies and certain human instinct
2. Law ensures Co-operation.
3. Law acts as a social rule.
4. law acts as an instrument of the state.
5. Law is to reduce the disharmony in society.
Other functions of law are:-
