Business Information Systems Of The Drugstore Retail Industry

Business Information Systems Of The Drugstore Retail Industry
The Drugstore retail industry is a $31.4 Billion industry across Canada and continues to grow steadily (Industry Canada, 2015). There are many
competitors in the drugstore retail market in Canada both small and large. With the entrance of large American companies such as Walmart and even
their very own parent company Loblaw's, Shoppers has been forced to be at the top of their game to stay ahead in the drug retail market. The
implementation of a produce section in select locations across Canada is one of the many ways that shoppers has been adapting to this competitive
industry. Due to this adaptation, the company has opened itself to a whole new group of competitors from convenience store to grocery stores. Shoppers
Drug Mart tackles this competition by differentiating itself in the market by offering "prestige products" (Kwon, N. 2013) and convenience that
competitors do not offer. (Our Company, 2015)
Business Information Systems
In class we have learned about various business information systems that aid in organizations experiencing more time and cost efficient solutions to
internal and external challenges. At Shoppers Drug Mart, multiple business information systems are utilised to maximize profit and productivity. A
transaction processing system is used at the point of sale to maintain a record of every transaction, including refunds and voids. The system records if
the transaction was paid for in cash, debit, credit, or a gift card and possesses other features as
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The Organizational And Behavioral Sources Of Potential...
The article chosen for CASE was written by Chau titled An Empirical Investigation on Factors Affecting the Acceptance of CASE by Systems
Developers. This article examines the organizational and behavioral sources of potential difficulties of CASE adoption among developers. Since
CASE is used solely by information system professionals, the study conducted by Chau was developed to reveal "factors that affect acceptance by
systems developers" (1996, p. 270). At the time of Chau's study, CASE was a relatively new approach for information system professionals and many
developers were required to use it upon its implementation within a company. This change forced many information system professionals to alter their
work, skills, and attitude which often can result in resistance (Chau, 1996). The most significant effect Chau found for acceptance of CASE was ease
of use and perceived usefulness within the constructs of long–term consequences. Since many of the information system professionals in the study had
limited experience with CASE, the gap in experience impacted the ease of use and therefore acceptance of the CASE systems. Perceived usefulness
within long–term consequences helped the information system professionals accept CASE since using new technology can affect future career
prospects. The CASE experience gained may help the individual in finding and obtaining new positions. Chau suggested that it would be beneficial for
a company implementing CASE for the first time to

Information Assurance Guidelines For Commercial Buildings...
Introduction BuildingDNA, a start–up company which provides online digital maps for both commercial buildings and real estate companies, has
coordinated with this group to examine the current information systems and technology architecture and determine if it is able to sufficiently support
its business objective of producing and servicing 3,000 maps per month. This study is based on the current information provided by BuildingDNA,
wherein the hypothesis is that the current structure of the organization is unable to meet this goal and should be revamped. Project Scope The
information assurance guidelines will address any system utilized by BuildingDNA that stores, transmits, receives, or manipulates data, specifically the
data which... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although BuildingDNA is currently producing digital maps, their current information technology architecture is unable to meet the 3000 maps per
month goal. In order to be able to achieve this goal, BuildingDNA most develop the capacity in order to minimize idle and unused resources, and meet
their contractual obligations in a timely manner. As identified by BuildingDNA executives, there are four components to this challenge that must be
addressed, which are the following: Paremeter–izing new contracts; identifying and acquiring capacity of skilled man–hours; managing the fulfillment
of each contract to meet expectations; and analysis and evaluate production outcomes versus standards for future contracts and the continuous
improvement of the production process. Problem Causes The root cause of the challenge addressed above, is the lack of resources. These resources can
be thought of as the proper Enterprise Resource Planning and Workforce Management software, qualified personnel, and the creation and
implementation of organizational policies, to include information assurance, teleworking, and business operations. All of these resources share a
common denominator, which is funding. A well–funded organization generally have the ability to implement specific software and create qualified
personnel in order to perform their operational assignments in timely and effective manners. Funding also ensure the

Case Study Of Wet Products : Wet Wares Are Those It...
Assignment 1
'Success to Succession'
Wet wares: Wet wares are those IT professionals, IT experts, system administrators, web page designers, web architects and system administrators who
directly influence and manipulate the functions and working of any web page, data base management system, applications, networks and other aspects
and functions of any IT system.
Wet ware costs: These are the associated costs to staff and hire IT personals and manage their work. This term particularly covers the associated costs
of training the work force and equipping it with the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities required to work in IT based environment. It also covers
the cost of interpreting results, draw conclusions, using systems and alignment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accounting information system is a transaction based information system as it deals with the economic events taking place in the enterprise. Most of
these economic events take place in the course of day–to–day operations of the business enterprise. In the past, acВ¬counting information systems were
designed primarily for report–ing to statutory bodies such as tax authorities, regulatory authoriВ¬ties and investors. Very little information was
generated to meet the information needs of managerial decision making. The focus of accounting information has changed. It focuses more on
generation of information for use in managerial decision making process. An accounting information system that combines traditional accounting
practices such as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) with modern information technology resources.
Elements of AIS of Coca–Cola: Six elements compose the typical accounting information system and these six elements act as the basic building
blocks of AIS at Coca–Cola as well. These elements are as under:
пЃ¶People: The system users. These are the employees of cocacola working in different departments such as sales department, accounting department
and IT section.
пЃ¶Procedure and Instructions: Methods for retrieving and processing data. Each employee at cocacola is supposed to fulfil the duties and follow the
instructions associated with his roles to perform

Bombardier: Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of...
What are the current challenges facing Bombardier? Bombardier has grown substantially via acquisitions since 1989. These acquisitions allowed
Bombardier to expand operations, however, in doing so they inherited multiple different information systems, processes and business practices.
Bombardier, had become a textbook silo company. Bombardier quickly realized that their aggressive acquisition strategy had become a much more
expensive endeavor. By creating a silo environment, they created inefficiencies throughout the entire supply chain. Systems did not communicate,
creating process delays, low inventory turnovers, price inconsistencies, and multiple bills of materials. They also had to hire personal to maintain
multiple legacy systems.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bombardier has no easy task! In order for the integration to be successful, they need to integrate 63 systems. This would be a major undertaking as
most sites had established their own information systems and databases. Ensuring that all the databases are merged into 1 global data warehouse will
be a major feat. In order for SAP to function as intended, they will need to redesign their database architecture as well as endure the rigors of data
cleansing and preparation. Another challenge will be the need to redesign processes, this will involve the need to find points where processes cross
functional boundaries. This is an extremely important aspect as this will change their current processes and departments from silos to horizontal
processes. However, the largest hurdle that most companies face during the implementation/integration of a new system or process are the users. It is
normal to encounter resistance by users, they perceive change as a potential threat to their jobs, and removes them from their routine and/or comfort
zone. What are the benefits expected from integration? Bombardier expects to save a substantial amount by integrating all their systems. They estimate
that they will save approx. 1.171 billion including a one–time reduction in material inventory of 219 billion. They estimate that material acquisition
accounts for 75% of their total costs. By integrating all of their systems, they could move towards

Assignment 1 Cs 782
Assignment 1 CS 782 Fall 2013 Author: Almas Zakat Date September 23, 2013––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Contents
1. Introduction_____________________________________________ 3 2. Business Model_________________________________________ 3 3.
Operational Model_______________________________________ 5 4. Business Model_________________________________________ 6 5.
Conclusion ____________________________________________ 6 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. Introduction In order to ensure compatibility (conjugation) and information security,
harmonization of existing and emerging government information systems... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Network administration * Security information system. * Installing and recovering software. * Administration of Information systems and Internet
network connections. * Design and installation of communication networks, local area networks. * Inventory inspection of equipment. * Nighttime
duty. 6. IT Project Management government's organizations. 7. Registration in gov.kz and edu.kz domain names. 8. Hosting: * Providing secure
backup for Information Systems. * Providing a virtual server. * Renting a server hosting. * Administration of the system of basic software. Market
position of "Onitec" is primarily oriented to corporative clients mostly government agencies such that: * Ministry of Transport and communications *
Ministry of Justice of the Republic Kazakhstan * Ministry of Finance * Ministry of Education and Science * The General Prosecutors Office Value
preposition. "Onitec's" main strategy focuses on three main aspects. 1. Performance: we regard as of paramount importance the result, the capability of
achieving the goals and gaining maximum possible output from all available human, technological and technical resources. 2. Quality: the results from
our work always meet the customers' demands and expectations, because services delivered by us and products created are reliable, user–friendly and
secure. Our ability to ensure quality result without alteration sander makes is

Explain The Meaning Of A "T-Shaped Person."
Business Information Systems Q1. Explain the meaning of a "T–shaped person." What more general topic does it relate to in Chapter 1? How does this
term apply to an information systems (IS) professional? How can you become a T–shaped person before graduation? The term "T–shaped person"
refers to a professional who has very deep expertise in a given area, complemented by the ability to collaborate across disciplines unlike their own. In
the area of information technologies for example, the vertical bar of the T could represent programming prowess in a given language, including C##
or in the case of Web development Python and other advanced programming platforms. Studies of the role of T–shaped professionals in general and
managers specifically show that employees who excel with these attributes often are the most effective at contributing to new product development
initiatives given their ability to quickly synthesize tacit and explicit knowledge (Madhavan, Grover, 1998). A T–Shaped professional in the IT arena
then would be focused more on how to excel and gain mastery in their specific area of engineering discipline so they could deliver even greater value
to their organizations. The highest–performing members of new product development teams share the attribute of having a very broad set of
engineering and social skills that are also complimented by deep expertise in a given area (Pinho, Rego, Cunha, 2012). It's an excellent goal to
become a T–shaped person prior to

Management of Information Systems
Chapter 1
Information Systems in Global Business Today
(OPENING CASE: SMART SYSTEMS AND SMART WAYS OF WORKING HELP TOYOTA BECOME NUMBER ONE
Toyota has flourished in a highly competitive environment because it has created a set of finely–tuned business processes and information systems that
simultaneously promote agility, efficiency, and quality. It can respond instantly to customers and changes in the marketplace as events unfold, while
working closely with suppliers and retailers. The experience of Toyota and other companies described in this text will help you learn how to make your
own business more competitive, efficient, and profitable.
As part of its ongoing effort to monitor quality, efficiency and costs, Toyota... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems like every week we hear about thousands and thousands of people losing their jobs. Back in the 1980s most of the job losses were in the
blue–collar sector. In the 1990s it seems many of the cuts were made in the white–collar, management jobs. Why? Think about it. Technology, to a large
extent, has driven organizations to change the way they operate and that includes the way they manage. We're going to take an in–depth look at how
organizations work and how they've been transformed by technology on the world stage.
Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence is difficult without extensive
use of information technology. No longer can we imagine going to work and conducting business without them. As a society we have come to rely
extensively on the use of information appliances such as cell phones, BlackBerrys, handhelds, and other hardware. Communicating and conducting
business is increasingly being carried out through the use of e–mail, online conferencing, and international teleconferencing over the Internet have all
become essential tools of business.
GLOBALIZATION OPPORTUNITIES
Next time you purchase a product, any product, look at the fine print and see where it's made. It could be China, or the Philippines, or a South
American company, or even in the United States. You can disagree with the fact that many manufacturing jobs are being moved from the United States

to

Romeo Engine Plant
Romeo Engine Plant
A–1)
Romeo Engine Plant has established the Romeo Quality Process (RQP) with the objective of;
–Understanding customer expectations on engine performance,
–Deploying such understanding in the manufacturing process and achieve minimal Variation,
By employing;
– Zero–defect philosophy,
– No rework policy,
– Continuously improving product quality and process efficiency.
A–2)
Deploying teams responsible for manufacturing, engineering, Quality Control, Production systems and supplier relationships.
Laid down target levels for product and process characteristics adapting a Zero defects philosophy.
No rework approach Defective engines during the manufacturing process were scrapped. Engine Exchange ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Actual cost method is followed than labor and overhead report.
Check book system: Acts as an authorization limit and check on indirect expense and making teams responsible for controlling cost. Scrap cost were
assigned to work team responsible for the process.
24 hour response: Action plans have to be within 24 hours of receiving a complaint and by less than 24 hours for complaints receiving from outside
the factory. Daily tracking system of quality problems reported from assembly plants and dealers. This ensured that quality issues are attended quickly
and on an urgent basis. Weekly review of complaints form and respective action plans.

Weekly meetings: To focus on quality, productivity and scrap related issues on a continuous basis. Continuous improvement and feed back mechanism
moved process towards zero defect philosophy. The functions of tracking defects are mostly automated. This gave workers and managers enough time
and resources to work on improving action, innovation and quality.
Boundary Systems;
Eliminated incoming inspection and rework at the plant. No–rework policy. Suppliers were billed for full loss caused by defective parts supplied by
them.
A–4)
Strength;
Culture and Employee skills: Deep rooted quality consciousness and team spirit. Highly skilled staff and high morale. Good labor elation with
effective policies leading to high level of empowerment.
Information system: reliable and well deployed

Putting The Enterprise Into The Enterprise System By...
If you 're not careful, the dream of information integration can turn into a nightmare.
Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System by Thomas H. Davenport
E
NTERPRISE SYSTEMS appear to be a dream come true. These commercial software packages promise the seamless integration of all the information
flowing through a company – flnancial and accounting information, human resource information, supply chain information, customer information. For
managers who have struggled, at great expense and with great frustration, with incompatible information systems and inconsistent operating practices,
the promise of an off–the–shelf solution to the problem of business integration is enticing. It comes as no surprise, then, that companies ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
And it pusbes a company toward generic processes even when customized processes may be a source of competitive advantage. If a company rusbes
to install an enterprise system without first baving a clear understanding of tbe business implications, tbe dream of integration can quickly turn into a
nightmare. Tbe logic of tbe system may conflict witb the logic of the business, and eitber tbe implementation will fail, wasting vast sums of money and
causing a great deal of disruption, or tbe system will weaken important sources of competitive advantage, hobbling tbe company. It is certainly true that
enterprise systems can deliver great rewards, but the risks they carry are equally great. Wben considering and implementing an enterprise system,
managers need to be careful tbat their entbusiasm about tbe benefits does not blind tbem to tbe bazards.
The Allure of Enterprise Systems
In order to understand tbe attraction of enterprise systems, as well as their potential dangers, you first need to understand tbe problem they 're

Advantages Of Strategic Information Systems
Summary
The article I chose was published in the International Journal of Business and Management. This article focus was based on how companies gained
competitive advantage and how strategic information systems help companies create and sustain competitive advantages. To create a basis this article
first described why companies wanted to develop an information system. This article described the three general types of information systems, which
are financial, operational, and strategic information systems. The author went in to little detail about each but focused more on the strategic
information system. After going into detail about the strategic information system the authors described how companies should concentrate on
information systems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I chose this scripture because the authors should have gathered more information throughout this article. I also chose this scripture because I had a
great deal of difficulty in critiquing this article but I asked God for guidance and I was able to complete my assignment.
References
Hemmatfar, M.,Ph D., Salehi, M.,Ph D., & Bayat, M.,Ph D. (2010). Competitive advantages and strategic information systems. International Journal of
Business and Management, 5(7), 158–169. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/821543301?accountid=12085
Gelinas, Ulric J., and Richard B. Dull. "Introduction to Accounting Information Systems." Accounting Information Systems. 9th ed. Mason, OH:
South–Western/Cengage Learning, 2012. 14. Print.
James Trial and Temptations. (2011). In The Holy Bible (p. 3507). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan.
Tracy, B. (2014, August 18). Business Survival 101: Your Competitive Advantage. Retrieved January 25, 2015, from http://www.briantracy.com/blog
/sales–success/competitive–advantage–differentiation–strategies–unique–selling–proposition/
Xu, J., & Quaddus, M. (2013). Information Systems For Competitive Advantages. In Managing information systems ten essential topics (p. 27).
Amsterdam: Atlantis Press.

Enterprise Mobility Improves The Time, Content, And Form...
Enterprise mobility improves the time, content, and form dimensions of information quality.
Since each dimension is improved, the resulting overall quality of information generated by an organizational information system that utilizes
enterprise mobility is also improved.
Improved Information Accessibility
Enterprise mobility enables improvements in information accessibility. The degree of improvement is directly dependent upon the mobile hardware
and communications equipment in use. The degree of information accessibility required––which defines the hardware and communications
requirements––is determined by the business needs that are driving the enterprise mobility application. Enterprise mobility technology
(hardware,software, and communications) provides a wide range of options that can be mixed and matched to fit the needs of each individual
enterprise mobility application.
The improvements in information accessibility enabled by enterprise mobility result in improved information flow both to and from the central fixed
information system. The mobile computer enables quick and efficient information retrieval from the central information system. The ability to access
central information and make fixed or ad hoc queries of corporate databases enables employees to get the information they need to complete the job.
The mobile computer also enables transmission of current operational data, in native digital format, from the mobile user to the central fixed information

Reflection Paper
REFLECTION PAPER
It is extremely difficult to estimate the amount of knowledge in existence today. While knowledge is flowing in incredible pace, extraction and
application of the relevant information from the bulk of knowledge is vital for many aspect of our lives. As an IMBA student in Florida International
University, I have never thought that there was such a strict distinction between the information and the knowledge in today's technology driven world.
However, after taken this course, it is quite clear to me that gathering the beneficial information is not an easy task as it seems before. There are crucial
elements to obtain valuable information for the businesses. Every business is unique so the strategies for them too.
To ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This metaphorical approach changed my perception of seeking out the hidden possibilities that would be beneficial for continual improvement.
On the other hand, Information Systems has its own challenges when it comes to the application of the businesses. It is a complex task to find the
proper answers of the questions such as 'how the information systems can change my business through technology?' it is clear that such systems offer
many options to the businesses but the decision process for the right option can be problematic. Thus, the changes have to be chosen carefully to
maximize the potential of the businesses. For instance, the beer game which I involved, as an IMBA student, represents a great example of the
collecting and applying the relevant data that reveals the importance of the integration of our goals and our capabilities. It was probably the first time
that the students as the future managers, CEO's, CFO's were able to experience such a realistic trial of business world with its constraints. The main
goal of the game was minimizing the bulk effect which comes with the fluctuations of demand and the prices. it can be claimed that in theory, the bulk
effect can be minimized with the opportunities of Information Technology. However, in practice, as in the beer game, it is unlikely to achieve the
desired level of that type of minimization. Yet, it is still indisputable that information systems offer

Work System Theory
пЃ¶Research the theory
Who are the progenitors of the theory? Find the seminal publications. (Try to find references in addition to those listed on the Wiki.)
The term "Work System" was first put forward in two serial journal articles, "MIS Problems and Failures: A Socio–Technical Perspective" (Bostrom,
R.P. and J.S. Heinen, 1977). From year 1999 to 2006, Steve Alter published his propositions that developed and completed the current WorkSystems
Theory, which defined the WorkSystem Framework, the Work System Life Cycle Model, and the Work System Method.
In what discipline(s) is the theory developed / used?
The Work Systems Theory evolved from the effort of many case studies to understand the relationships between... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
пЃ±Project A was behind the schedule for months.
пЃ±Project B was to migrate the source control software from SC to LN throughout the IT department.
пЃ±The project B team was reputable with many accomplishments in the department.
пЃ±The IT resources in project A will be effected by project B slightly. A transition period of one to two day(s) will take place to impact the progress
of project A.
Issues:
пЃ±The leader of Project A refused to change the source control software to LN until the project A finished. The main reason was project A could not
afford any further delay.
пЃ±Project B already took off with extensive analysis and did not expect the obstacle of implementation.
пЃ±Source codes interconnected with each other. It was not feasible to use SC and LN at the same time.
пЃ±IT manager was under the pressure from claim department due to the deplay of project A. Therefore no management decision was made to change
source control software in project A.
Result:

пЃ±Project B was forced to stop at the stage of implementation. The project was aborted.
пЃ±When project A finished couple of months later, project B team started over with analyzing and planning again as source codes structures changed
significanly after the days going by.
Use the theory to interpret the situation.
I will treat the project A and project B as 2 work systems.
Apply the Work Systems Theory:
пЃ±Project A and

Accounting Information System -Resource Proposal
Executive Summary
The report is about the resource proposal which is aimed at improving the current poor situation in the company and increasing the efficiency of the
staff. Our capital expenditure budget for the cost is about 316500 yuan. With the money, we need to upgrade the ergonomic equipment to make the
staff more comfortable and work efficiently. Besides that, we need to upgrade the hardware, software and build network systems. These resources can
not only help the staff to work more efficiently and securely but also provide a competitive advantage for the department and the organisation. In order
to find suitable, affordable, secure topology , software and other equipment which have good value at a low price, I collected ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The first one is to improve the current situation in the company so that the staff can work efficiently. Another one is to promote the development of the
organisation and make more profits. To make the proposal feasible, I conducted the research on a large scale. I contacted many companies and suppliers
to find suitable ergonomic and office equipment. At the same time, I surfed on the Internet to get more information about the price and quality of the
equipment.
Resources you wish to apply for in this proposal
Hardware: One laptop, IBM, which is designed for commerce, especially for themanager in one company 12 desktops, Lenovo, one of them serves as
the centre computer and the others are used by the staff
Network: One CISCO wireless router ; One router (TP–Link); One case of Unshield twisted–pair (AMP); One switch (TP–Link Tl–SG3109); One
wireless network cards (Huawei); One case of network cable (AMP); Twelve USB (Lenovo)
Software: Microsoft Office 2003 ; Anti–virus software for small business or enterprise (Kaspersky Corporate Suite); Computer firewall;
Ergonomic Equipment: 11 Burgundy Fabric Ergonomic Computer Chairs with Height Adjustable Arms (office Furniture); 12 Back and neck

Store and Retrieve Information, NVQ Level 2
Unit: Store and Retrieve Information Learning Outcome 1: Understand processes and procedures for storing and retrieving information 1.1 – Explain
the purpose of storing and retrieving required information The main purpose of storing information is for easy retrieval in the future when it is
required. Storing certain information may be part of company policy. There will be procedures in place in order to make sure files are stored correctly
and in line with data protection. Depending on the type of information, information can be stored in either filing cabinets or electronically. Depending
on the nature of the business, different types of information will have to be stored, for example a legal practice needs information such as court... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legal requirements such as certain laws, e.g. The Data Protection Act, which means that all businesses or companies that deal with personal
information have to follow certain rules about keeping the data safe. The purpose of having these laws is so there is a set procedure for all companies
to follow making everything fair and easy to understand for everyone in that country. In the instance where there has been a breach of security
regarding personal information

Understanding Processes and Procedures for Storing and...
Understanding processes and procedures for storing and retrieving information 1.1 Explain the purpose of storing and retrieving required information
The purpose of storing and retrieving information is that if you needed to contact them again or ring them back – you would have their information
there for you to retrieve. Therefore if any progress is made, you can update this or make notes on what is relevant if another colleague needs to
access this information. It is also important because if a customer rings you, and the person who they have been dealing with is not in, you can look
at the data already stored for this person and be able to help them with what is needed, so you are up to date too. 1.2 Describe different... Show more
If the information needed does not meet the timescale it could be considered useless as the time in which it was needed has passed. 1.8 Describe the
types of information that may be deleted Companies will always be collecting new data and renewing existing data. Types of information that a
company may delete is old data, out of data information, or information which has never been used as this will take up storing space. Every company
has a policy where it informs you of how long data must be kept for before you can destroy it, therefore these policy's must be met before destroying the
data following confidentiality procedures. These include the deletion of electronic information and shredding the paper information, or any information
suitable for shredding. 1.9 Describe problems that may occur with information systems and how to deal with them when necessary Information systems
are the most important things to a business as they include all the information of everyone in the company, customers, clients, tenants and landlords
will be on these programmes along with employees' salaries and personal information. Some problems that may occur with technological information
systems are viruses on the systems or any hackers who are able to access the information. Physical/paper information could get harmed with

The System Development Life Cycle And The Risk Management...
A Comparison of the System Development Life Cycle and the Risk Management Framework The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and the
Risk Management Framework (RMF) are both processes that are critical to the overall function of an information system, however many project
managers and system developers working with the SDLC regularly neglect to incorporate the RMF steps into the development of information systems.
This lack of planning and foresight often has unexpected financial impacts, or worse, adverse security effects to an organization later on. Is it possible
these individuals overlook the RMF because it is difficult to follow or does not align well with the SDLC? What is the purpose of, and the steps
involved with each of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During SDLC phase one, the initiation phase, "the need for a system is expressed and the purpose of the system is documented" (NIST, 2008). Some of
the expected outcomes from this phase would be a project plan and schedule; system performance specifications outlining the operational requirements,
system design documents, and a document that defines roles and responsibilities. The corresponding RMF step, security categorization, establishes the
foundation for security standardization among information systems and provides a vital step towards integrating security into the information system
(NIST, 2008). During this step, the type(s) of information processed by the information system are identified and the information system is categorized
to determine the level of protection requirements to put in place. Some of the expected outputs of this step include a security project plan and schedule,
documented system boundary, the system categorization, and the security roles and responsibilities. These two process steps are very similar except
the focus of RMF is on information security related functions. In some cases, SDLC produces the expected outputs that RMF requires, and the security
professionals only require a copy of the documentation for their records. For example, the system design document often depicts the system boundary.
The reason this step is so critical is that it

Strategic Report On Strategic Information System Planning...
Strategic Information System Planning
Jakkala Pramod Kumar
California University of Management and Sciences
Strategic Information System Planning depends on upon two concentration address. The first is that, no not absolutely, an alliance 's Information
System masterminding ought to be changed by general business thinking, and occasionally may even change into a making wellspring of high ground.
While anybody can 't avoid denying this, operations alliance examiners are for the most part beginning to concentrate how this system happens and
what the quantifiable inspirations driving interest are. An issue under examination is the path by which a maker 's business strategy, depicted as either
"market centered" or "operations centered," impacts its capacity to gather effectiveness versus client association positive conditions by its ERP
hypotheses. The second concentration address behind key information structure orchestrating is that affiliations can best complete Information
structures based strategy or high ground by taking after a proactive, formal and broad framework that joins the progress of wide remarkable leveled
data necessities. The information system get–together kicks back and reacts to different zones of the business unequivocally when a need rises. Such a
framework is particularly impeccable to ERP meanders, given their expenses and entire arrangement influence.
It was by then the work of advancement and structures masters. It persuaded the

Case Study Essay
Class: MBA 602 Organizational Behavior and Management
From: Chitra Arivalagan (770099290)
To: Dr. Maria Nathan
Writing Assignment–1 Strategic Design at Dynacorp
1. If you were on the Dynacorp task force, what would be your first choice for an alternative design? What would be your second choice?. Answer:
If I am on the Dynacorp task force, my first choice for an alternative design would be front /back structure of strategic design. This structure divides the
organization into two parts such that the back end products which include engineering, manufacturing and the logistics and the front end is faced by
the marketing and sales division. As Dynacorp is spread across the US and as well as the world, this front/back ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This division can sit down and analyses the methods or the strategies for the same which in turn can be implemented by the back end of the structure.
This structure can be explained in the following diagram:
Managing Director
Managing Director
Director(marketing )
Director(marketing )
Director(HR)
Director(HR)
Director(Finance)
Director(Finance)
Director(Prj/prg)
Director(Prj/prg)
Director(Manufacturing)
Director(Manufacturing)
Director(Engineering)

Director(Engineering)
China
China
Europe
Europe
USA
USA
India
India
Ba
Back endFront end
The second choice for the alternative design for Dynacorp would be Functional / Product matrix of strategic design. Dynacorp manufactures a range of
products in the field of global information systems and communications. Since it has the major functional structures defined such as engineering,
manufacturing and marketing, it can be linked to the various products Dynacorp manufactures. This allows comparatively easier transformation from
the existing structure.
2. Which of the problems of the current design would your chosen design addresses? What problems (if any) would not address? Are there any new
problems to which it might lead?
Answer:
The current strategic design of Dynacorp is the Functional Grouping structure with three major divisions such as engineering, manufacturing and
marketing. My chosen design is front/back structure, and it addresses the problems faced by Dynacorp

Software Problems Midsouth Chamber of Commerce Essay
SOFTWARE PROBLEMS MIDSOUTH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
ERIC D. PFEIFER
REGIS UNIVERSITY
JOHN HOLMES
MSCC610
Abstract
In recent years, board members and staff of the Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (MSCC) have been trying to update their information system. Their
information has steadily required more capabilities and in pursuit of better more efficient capabilities they have made several missteps that have cost
them a very large sum of money. They have had personnel acquire information systems that did not meet the requirements of MSCC. The cost of these
nonfunctioning systems has been in excess of $277,000.00 dollars. MSCC is now on their third person to manage the acquisition of an information
system that will meet all the current and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chamber has made numerous mistakes over the several months following Unitrak's installation and implementation. Among them:
Failure of MSCC to take care of personnel. Kovecki was not as skilled as he could have been, he was the only person within the MSCC who knew the
Unitrak system. On top of that, he was the only person who could keep it running and bringing in money to MSCC. Management should have taken
more interest in Kovecki's desire to run the computer operations. If they had, MSCC management would never have hired Gramen. This probably
would have limited the severity of this situation and may have avoided it entirely.
The hiring Dick Gramen was a huge mistake. Gramen did not have the skills required to be in this position. He came from a different computing
environment (Macintosh), also he had no experience on the systems in use at the MSCC. He never had had any prior contact with Unitrak or with any
trade associations.
MSCC had the mindset of "we don't look outside our cave." This was clearly eveidenced when Unitrak's developers found themselves in financial
trouble. MSCC should have begun looking at their options because they were already having problems with UNITRAK. Management should never
wait until problems arise to have a contingency plan in place. Unitrak was a bad choice for information system, but not planning ahead is even worse
perhaps inexcuseable. Also, MSCC did an inadequate

Unit 3 Information Systems : Assignment Questions
Unit 3 Information Systems Assignment 1 – Information Types of information: Businesses tend to have several "information systems" operating. They
use information systems to collect data and process it according to the needs of the company, like in this case, Tables To Go PLC. Businesses operate
more efficiently by using varied information systems to interact with customers and partners, curtail costs and generate revenues. A successful
company should know how to study and use these different types of information. Quantitative If you complete a survey or obtain administration
records, you would be normally taking statistical or numerical data. This type of information gives the most factual results is what we call quantitative.
In this particular scenario with Tables To Go, they could use this type of information to spot a trend in tables or to make a geographical decision on
different branches stock. Qualitative When quantitative types of data are not sufficient a different approach would be taken such as interviews or
constructive representations such as reviews – they are rather opinions and views not factual data. This is called qualitative information which
provides information which is richer and in more depth than quantitative. This type of evidence is valuable for describing how and why. Primary
Primary data research is research led by the company to gather information specifically for a current objective or new data that's not been collected
before.

MS Statement Of Purpose
Statement of Purpose for MS in Business Analytics
Niharika Rajwadha
"Ambition is the first step to success. The second step is action" Always being motivated by this thought cultivated my interest to take Information
technology as my major in my graduate studies as I originated from a business oriented family and wanted to bring technology in combination to my
current family business in order to sustain in the competitive market. Being addicted to excellence, I believe a good career can only be built above
the firm foundation of a good education. Above all, it would be a real benediction to be able to learn under the guidance of the professors at
University of Cincinnati. Possessing excellent analytical and interpersonal skills, I am enthusiastic about the next phase of my life,I also hope and
believe that I would be able to contribute to the University as well as build a great career ahead.
After completing my Bachelor in Technology I got the opportunity to work into a blue–chip organization, IBM. During my three years ... Show more
I have won various competitions in solo as well as group singing. I also have a video uploaded of my performance on Youtube.com. I was always a
part of the organization committee in school, college as well as my current employer. I am also good in sports and have been part of state level
Gymnastics. During my School days I actively participated in various Community Service activities named "The Takshala" under search foundation
aimed at alleviating the oppressed, suppressed, depressed and the under – privileged sections of people. I use to teach the children who could not afford
the school fees to complete their aspirations. Being a good citizen I also participate in road safety seminars and camps in order to ensure awareness
about road safety and also have certificates for the

Information Systems For International Students
Since all of us in our group are international students and a few of us are in our first semester at Swinburne, it was almost impossible for us to find
an Information Systems Manager and would like to thank Jason for leading us to Mr. Mim Saznus. We understand that we are required to draw a
direct correlation between what we've learnt in lectures and textbooks and see if we could relate it to challenges that Information Systems Managers
face in the real world or see how much of a gap we have between what we learn and what actually happens in the corporate world. We would like to
extrapolate inputs received from Mim during the interview in our research report and build on the points that he has made.
Mr. Saznus was gracious enough to spare some time for an interview and we had a few great learnings and insights into the Information Systems space.
He isn't an Information Systems Manager however has spent over 6 years in multiple industries very closely related to Information Systems and
Information Technology. Mim completed his Masters in Information Technology with a specialization in Information Systems from our very own
Swinburne University and is originally from Bangladesh.
He started his journey in the Information Technology space by working as a Solutions Analyst for the largest telecommunications equipment maker in
the world, Huawei Technologies for over 2 years and then went on to pursue his Masters in Swinburne University. He was also a part of an internship
project

Impvantages And Competitive Advantage
Summary
The article I chose was published in the International Journal of Business and Management. This article focused was based on how companies gained
competitive advantaged and how strategic information systems help companies create and sustain competitive advantages. To create a basis this article
first described why companies wanted to develop an information system. This article described the three general types of information systems as
financial, operational, and strategic information systems. The author went in to little detail about each but focused more on the strategic information
system. After going into detail about the strategic information system the authors described how companies should concentrate on information systems
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Competitive advantage is a product or service that an organizations customers value more highly than similar offerings from its competitors"( Xu, J.,
& Quaddus, M., 2013 pg. 27). This definition would have been helpful to its users before going into any theories about competitive advantages. After
defining a competitive advantage the author could stress the importance of a competitive advantage. Include information such as "Competitive
advantage is the key to sales success and high profitability. It is absolutely essential that you are excellent in some specific area that customers value.
You have to be able to say to your customers that, we offer the very best for you in this critical area"(Business Survival 101: Your Competitive
Advantage). Then before going into great detail about strategic information systems explain how technology has changed over the years and how it
how affects the how competitive advantage is viewed from recent years and in present years. Once all the background information was in place there
should have been a comparison between an information systems and a strategic information system. All background information should have been
covered throughout the introduction of this article. Also there was statement that said "Turban et al, sited 12 strategies for competitive advantage here
and we present again turban's literature"(Hemmatfar, M.,Ph D., Salehi, M.,Ph D., & Bayat, M.,Ph D.,2010 pg. 161–162) but the authors only listed 11
of the 12 strategies. Therefore information was missing from this article. Also throughout this article there were many references to figures which was
places at the back of this article behind its references which is I think that the figures or exhibits should be place under the information it is pertaining

Info-1500
INFO 1500 Introduction to IT Fundamentals
LearningObjectives
How is IT transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization?
1. Information Technology
Basics
Why is IT so essential for running and managing a business today? What exactly is an information system? How does it work?
What are its management, organization, and technology components? What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets essential for
ensuring that information systems provide genuine value for an organization?
What is a sociotechnical systems perspective?
Alexander Nikov
2
1–2
TheNewYankee
StadiumLooksto theFuture
Outline
1. The Role of IT in Business Today
Problem:
Yankee... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...

3. What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from equipping their employees with mobile digital devices such as iPhones, iPads and
BlackBerrys?
4. Discuss the implications of the statement of D.W. Morgan's CEO,
"The iPhone is not a game changer, it's an industry changer. It changes the way that you can interact with your customers and with your suppliers."
Email, messaging, social networking, and sales force management are described in this case study. The applications support business functions that
include collaboration, location–based services, and communications with colleagues. These applications improve operational efficiency and decision
making by allowing people to communicate from wherever they are. They are no longer tethered to one place or one machine. They can receive
information and data instantaneously which allows them to make better, faster decisions.
In the case of Doylestown Hospital, doctors use iPhone applications to access medical reference applications, giving them a broader base of
information on which to base decisions.
1–13
1–14
Interactive Session: Management: IT in Your Pocket
Interactive Session: Management: IT in Your Pocket
2. Identify the problems that businesses in this case study solved by using mobile digital devices. 1/3
2. Identify the problems that businesses in this case study solved by using mobile

Features And Functions Of Information Systems Essay
Features and functions of information systems
Features
Data
Data needs to be inputted into an information system so it can be managed and processed. Once processed, the end product is information, this is
called an output. Data is generated by all parts of a business but can also be received via external sources. Data must be accurate or else the output
information will be wrong.
People
People are involved in obtaining data and processing it to create information for specific purposes relevant to the business. Staff need to have the
correct training and skills to get the most out of information systems and make them effective employees to get information and process it properly.
Hardware
The hardware used in information systems must be capable of using software used in the business, as well as handle the grand amount of data and
information processed and stored on it as well. The hardware must be up to date to enable storage and use of data and information in the future.
Software
Software used by the business and its staff must have the correct features and functionality needed to produce and use information created by the
business. It must also have the correct features to enable staff to correctly and efficiently do their job such as analysing and processing data and reports.
Functions of information systems
Information systems perform functions such as gathering input data, storing it, processing it and then producing output information. They also control
this

Company: Delta Airline
Company: Delta Airline
1. What are the major business processes, i.e. operations, the organisation carries out?
Here I did selected Delta Airlines as a company for my research. This company is providing a wide range of the air traffic facilities in different parts of
the world. In other words we can say that there are many operational routs of this airline company and all the routes are very much beneficial. Another
uniqueness of this company is a verity of airplanes including airbuses and jumbo etc. At this time the company owns more than seven hundred
different aeroplanes of different size and capacity. Delta Airline is providing facilities to the people of the world to more from one place to another by
air. The services and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The IT manager of the company is managing all the activities about the information system and for this purpose he is directly connected all the sub
offices and departments of the company. In other words, the IT manager is controlling all the procedures and activations from the head office of the
company. He is the also responsible for planning and analysis of the information system of the company and the technical and human resource
department is designing, implementing and maintaining the information system and other decisions of the company. In other words we can say that
the IT manage is governing the information system in the company.
Discuss the system development methodology used? If information systems are acquired from off–the–shelf products, what is the process of
procurement that is used in the organisation?
The information technology always require changes and updation time to time, because new technologies and techniques are coming in the market,
that's why, it is essential for the business organizations and companies to change and upgrade their information technology systems. Similarly, the
requirements of the people and customers are also being changed with the passage of time and to fulfil the requirements of the customers companies are
looking to change and upgrade their information technology system and environment.
The

What Are The Ethical And Ethical Impact Of Information...
The revolution of information system in today's society has affected exceptionally the way we have set our living standards. It has invariably
increased ethical, social, legal and professional issues that have been raised in the society from social threats to privacy issue and health related
matters. The study will specifically analyse the impact of ethical, social and legal concerns linked with information system and how the society is
getting affected by it.
The study also reveals that the major technological trends which has led to moral dimensions and ethical issues of information system with in the
society. It is thus, important to recommend and examine the ways on improving and reducing the effectiveness of social and ethical impacts of
information system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is true that one of the major reason behind in the challenges posed by electronic commerce and Internet to the intellectual property and protection of
privacy. Various other issues are mainly spread due to the use of information system includes founding accountability for significance of information
system, setting out values to protect the quality of the system that safeguards the privacy of individual as well as society, and preserving institutions
and values considered important for the quality of life in today's information society (Baase, 2008).
For future IT professionals, it is important to understand the range of organisation's ethical and legal responsibilities. Thus, ethical issues in IT differ
from general ethical issues in various ways. For minimising the issues, it is important to given major attention to its implementation tool and laws
related to it.
Purpose of the

Main Components Of The Cleveland College Information Systems
Main components of the Cleveland College information systems
Hardware:
The main pieces of hardware that is identified in this study include the desktop computers that is used by the staff, the four servers that are used for
storing data and running the networks, as well as the fifteen laser printers that are plotted throughout the school that are shared by the staff. Cleveland
College has an internet intranet that students are able to login and access information provided by their teachers, and an external website which is
publically available over the internet, they have also been given an ultrafast broadband connection due to being linked up to the National Education
Network (NEN). All full time teachers are also issued with a laptop by the Ministry of Education.
Software:
At present the college has a management system for altering the students records, timetabling, financial systems and for general use in the office, as
well as a learning management system to help with their teaching. This system contains learning materials that they can make available to the students
if needed. There is also a spreadsheet that is generally used by the financial officer to record all their spending and keep receipts. The desktop
computers run the standard Microsoft Office suite, which means that the college has general software for word processing, making powerpoints, and
other learning means.
Data:
There are multiple points where data enters the Cleveland College information systems.

The Methodist Hospital Of Indiana
Problem summary
The Methodist hospital of Indiana was undergoing organizational and leadership change in 1988. Their longtime head had retired and William J.
Loveday became their new CEO. He brought in a whole new management team to help him implement new ideas and create a new culture there. His
new CFO was in charge of the IS department and after discovering that the department was in shambles with no real direction, he hired Walter C.
Zerrener to become the Chief Information Officer. Zerrener found that the Methodist Hospital had spent about $20 million to install a state–of–the–art
proprietary patient management system called TDS in 1970s but had done no upgradation after that . The IS department was solely focused on keeping
the TDS ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also allowed the outdated technology to be maintained instead of replacing it with new technology. The organizational structure created problems
for the systems used at Methodist as well. All the departments using the old system had no problem internally, but they were not connected with any
other departments. There was no common database and processes. For example, different departments used different patient identifiers and when
physicians needed information on a patient's history, they could not get it from the various computers because the patient was identified differently in
each of them. This created a lot of dissatisfaction for both the doctors and the patients. Technologically they were dependent on an outdated system
which created a backlog of five to seven months. Further, the mainframe system could only be accessed from terminals inside the hospital which
made it inaccessible to doctors, patients and other interested parties. The system could only keep current information on patients formally admitted for
a week and if older records were required one had to go look at the paper records. All of these created a disorganized and fragmented working
environment.
Process Evaluation
Zerrenner suggested they create a short term task force of 25 members to determine an appropriate solution instead of using the IS

Midsouth Chamber of Commerce Essay
Case Study Midsouth Chamber of Commerce
Pamela A. Hernandez
Colorado State University – Global Campus
Business and Information Technology
ISM 500
Dr. Jose Lepervanche
September 08, 2013
Case Study Midsouth Chamber of Commerce
In the early 1900's a group of powerful business people came to the rescue of the economically drowning Midsouth area. This area which was highly
dependent on transportation for economic development had no representation against any legislative decisions. That is until the Midsouth Chamber of
Commerce (MSCC) was formed. This group lobbied legislature on the issue to provide transportation services. As the years continued the responsibility
of the MSCC shifted from supporting the area's economy by providing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lassiter took it upon himself to make sure the product was ordered. Another month went by and Lassiter found out the product was still not
implemented, Kovecki was too busy with another project and was not able to get to it until mid–April. Lassiter needed to get things moving; after all
he told the Board it would be completed by the end of March 2006. He took some steps for action, called a meeting to inform his staff, set up
appointments with UNITRAK for training himself and staff, yet the project continued to lag and Lassiter had no choice but to ask Wallingford to
intervene. He strongly urged Hedges and Kovecki toward completion of the project. Gaps in the system continued, not only did the staff complain
about the software not being user friendly, UNITRAK openly admitted the software was new and that they were open to adjustments and changes, that
did not give the staff any confidence. More problems came about when Kovecki attempted to transfer the information from the old system to the new
and was unsuccessful. Lassiter was at his wits end, sat down and let out a loud sigh.
Many issues have been brought forth in this case study. I believe that I would propose the following actions to the Executive Board.
First I would propose role modification changes. A Chief Information Officer (CIO) position would be created and Lassiter would be the right
candidate for it. "Value is

Socio-Technical Perspective
Running head: Socio–technical perspective: help for managing information overload
TUI University Brocton Begley Mod 1–Session Long Project ITM501–Mgmt Info. Systems & Business Strategy Sam Biragbara April 14, 2011
Introduction Information overload is a big problem in most if not all organizations. As business, technology and education expand so does the data,
information and knowledge backgrounds. In order to go forward, information retention is necessary. Because of this, a socio–technical perspective is
needed within each organization to better organize the communication between the personal and technical sub–systems and manage the information
overload. The purpose of this paper is to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To get the full picture of this problem, it is best remember what was just mentioned about the difference between the traditional ideas of "data",
"information", and "knowledge." They build the difference between memorizing and understanding. Sometimes the internet can throw a bunch of facts
out into cyberspace, but they may not be helpful or even truthful. It is increasingly difficult to distinguish what are data, information and knowledge
and what is trustworthy. There is also the increasing problem of information overload. It's no secret that it has been a problem for centuries.
Electronic media tries to make it easier to "search" for the information that we need. However, we must be careful as we can run into the problem of
"reinventing the wheel," so to speak. Amy Baird (2010) states the point wonderfully. "It 's important to remember that information overload is not
unique to our time, lest we fall into doomsaying. At the same time, we need to proceed carefully in the transition to electronic media, lest we lose
crucial methods of working that rely on and

information based decision Essay
Information Decision Making Assignment (Unit 5002)
By: Author
Tutor: Name
Contents
Introduction
2
Task 1 – The selection of information and data
3–4
Task 2 – The identification, analysis and evaluation of information and data
5–7
Task 3 – The presentation and communication of information and data
7–9
Bibliography
10
CMI Dip. In Leadership And Management L5, Module 5013, Assignment

Introduction
Information is data that has been processed so that it has meaning and value to a recipient, whereas data tends to refer to recorded descriptions of
things, events, activities and transactions. A database consists of stored data items organised for retrival. In organisations information plays an important
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although legislation is firmly in place, it may not always prevent misuse, unethical use, or objective us of data and information. It is therefore the
responsibility of organisations to have data and information policies in place that align to current legislation.
I practical terms, applied to the FE and HE sector, data is usually related to enrolments, assessments, progression, personal data of students, and often
background data related to
CMI Dip. In Leadership And Management L5, Module 5013, Assignment
SEN and medical conditions. This is gathered in a number of ways, such as enrolment forms, course forms, registration with awarding bodies,
assessment tracking databases, register and attendance databases, etc. These data systems also tend to act as information systems, e.g. are able to
process and condition stored data. For example a register software called Columbus will hold attendance data for all students registered on all courses
but it will be possible to
"run" an attendance report for a single student, highlighting attendance, lateness, or absences that have fallen below acceptable levels. This database
is password protected and anly accessible by assigned staff, via their corporate login. The system is deemed to be secure but its actual security is
debateable as it is possible to access the system as somebody else, providing their initials and a

Essay on Unit 219 Nvq L3 Business and Administration
1.1 – Explain the purpose of storing and retrieving required information The purpose of storing and retrieving required information is so you can
readily retrieve it when it becomes required. Information is logged on a spreadsheet and filed with the log number this is so the information can easily
be found if required. The information is stored in locked filing cabinets as the information can hold company details and account numbers this is only
accessible by the Administration staff and each file is signed out on a register. 1.2– Describe the different information systems and their main features
The different information systems are filing cabinets where hard copies are stores or electronically which can be saved changes can... Show more
Information can be relative to anything with regards to an organisation. When it comes to customers, it can be their address, telephone number or
outstanding payments, when it comes to employees, it can be their appraisals, salaries, again their address and telephone numbers, and for the
business, it can be the business's finances, profits, employee and customer details, and various other information. Alerts can be set on customer and
employee information to make sure they are contacted to keep the system updated. Using good software for database purposes will help with
maintaining information accurately. External and internal audits are another way of keeping information up to date. 1.6 Explain the purpose of
checking information for accuracy All businesses and organisations have to check to see that the information they have stored is accurate. For
example, the money coming in and going out have to be correctly recorded otherwise it will look as if the company has not made much profit and it
can affect the share prices of the company, affect the employees as the company might not be able to pay the employees and will have to cut down
on staff, lenders will not agree to lend money, etc. Incorrect information can have serious negative effects and can affect a company's financial status
and values. Accuracy of information will help executives plan ahead for the future and lay goals. They will also be able to plan for the

Information System of Walmart
Walmart is a billion dollar retailing machine. Through the decades, Walmart has combined many different types of information systems in to their day
to day operations. Walmart is known around the world for their continuous improvements and implementation of new information systems to remain on
top of the retail industry. The information systems used by Walmart play a major role in their continued success. With their use of Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), Walmart is able to send and receive instantaneous data to their networks. This is why Walmart has been able to remain
competitively priced and control their inventories. This paper will show how Walmart has used many different information systems during the course
of its history to manage both capital and human resources.
History
In the late 1940s, a man named Sam Walton was franchising Ben Franklin's store located in Newport, Arkansas. As a retailer, Walton continuously
was in search of suppliers with best deals on merchandise. Usually, if a retailer was able to get a deal from a wholesaler they would leave their store
prices at the regular price and pocket the excess money. Being the innovator he was, Walton decided to pass the savings on to the consumer and make
his money through the increased volume of sales. This understanding would become the foundation of Walton's business strategy when he developed
Walmart in 1962.
Walton was known for being a cheap guy, so naturally he saw the value in discount

Types Of Information : Primary Information
Types of information: Primary information Is information that you have collected yourself based on original materials, it is material that has not
been evaluated. Qualitative & quantitative Qualitative means describing the quality of something in size, appearance there is no numbers
involved at all, answering questions with writing not numbers. Quantitative means measuring something in case of the value and answering the
questions with numbers and values. Purposes of information: Decision making: The purpose of decision making is to make the right choice in a
certain situation, for example if a certain product is selling well in one area and not as good in another strategic decisions need to be made to do
what is best for the company, do they send what was sent to the area where the product sells bad to the area where it best sells? Or leave it how it
is? Decision making is all about getting the best out of the company so they will do what gives them more money. Analysis e.g. to identify patterns
or trends You need to analyse the data that you collect because it could help you review the sales income and outgoings and you can see what
products are selling the best and which ones aren't selling as good so you can analyse which ones to keep in stock and which ones to leave. You can
also see if your sales are high or lower than expected. Sources of information: Purchasing– Is the process of buying goods or a service to meet a goal, it
may involve development, a review of

Advantages Of Reflexive Standardization Of The Information...
According to Ole Hanseth et al (2010), reflexive standardization is the process of supporting efforts to bring about order and organization in a
function, and instead of achieving positive results, negative results are achieved. Reflexive standardization brings about negative results as a result of
failing to be planned adequately from the onset. For instance, take for example the Norwegian hospital; the development of the Electronic Patient
Record (EPR) was developed as a fragmented record of databases. The records brought about challenges in the manner in which they were accessed
and as a result, there was need to redesign the system. Instead of setting aside a development team to redesign the system based on thorough research,
the hospital decided to centralize the database and create several views for different system users to view these records. This was deemed to be the
reflexive standardization of the information system. It had both advantages and disadvantages as discussed.
Necessity and Advantages
The proverbial elephant in the room was the scattering of records and the need to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most are not able to fully imitate a traditionally synchronized system such as an hospital. They thus offer the necessary support to these systems
instead of fully taking over their functions. In this case, the systems present seemed to hinder the proper functioning of the hospital to its optimal
potential. It did not do much to increase service delivery thus came off as a hindrance to the success of the hospital's functions. The system was also
deemed by Ole Hanseth (2010) as a complex system. The word complex is defined with respect to the ability of the new practitioners to understand the
use of the system. By being complex, the system fails in its quest to become a better solution as opposed to traditional record–keeping

Features And Use Of Negotiation In A Business Environment
Negotiation is needed to maintain an ease of work flow, effective communication allows you to get things done faster and more efficiently and also
reduce arguments. For example in my workplace my colleague doesn't like having excess mail in our shared inbox as she needs to attend to specific
emails so I have to remove any unnecessary mail so as to not prevent her from working effectively. 1.1Explain the features and uses of negotiation in a
business environment There are two main types of negotiation: integrative negotiation and distributive negotiation. Integrative negotiation refers to the
notion of a win win situation and pertains to a mutally beneficial effort whereas distributive negotiation is more of a win lose situation where both
parties are competing with one another. 1.2Identify the components of negotiation tactics There's four common strategies used for negotiating such as:
yielding–someone readily accepting the other parties proposal to avoid ill feelings, compromising–coming up with a fair deal for both parties,
competing–both parties competing to try to win regardless of what happens to the other, problem solving–similar to compromising, both parties come
up with a solution to will help both parties get what they need. Element 2 Understand how to develop and deliver presentations 2.1 Explain the
different types of presentations and their requirements There are instructional presentations that are meant to teach people something new and have to
be in

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