Use Of Information Systems On The Life Of Data

Use Of Information Systems On The Life Of Data
Use of Information Systems in the Life of Data
Is there a way to differentiate between whether we know something presented in an Information System, whether we believe it, or simply have a piece
of information. And further, is an information system a valid tool for moving our thinking up the hierarchy.
Actions and decision are what matter most when you are traversing the DIKW hierarchy. There are many actions that can be taken, and decisions that
can be made by information systems. In fact some might argue that certain decisions can only effectively be made with the assistance of technology.
Humans have gone thousands of years without information systems and have derived knowledge out of practice and experience. The invention
(discovery?) of Information Systems has only accelerated the speed and effectiveness of knowledge creation, transfer, and management.
Decision Support Systems are prominent information systems used to aid in decision making within an organization. These systems take a variety of
input and aid management in an organization in deciding between certain decisions. When there are conflicting results provided by both a decision
support system and a human, you must make the decision as to which one is providing more credible results. HERE IS SOME MORE
INFORMATION ABOUT THAT
The tools we use today to aid in this conversion of data are extremely vast. Carvalho and Ferreira grouped these types of systems into 10 categories:
Intranet–based systems,
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Applying Standardized Terminology in Nursing Essay
Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 512: Nursing Informatics
Fall 2014
Introduction
As a result of the introduction of computer technology and the combination of evidence–based practice in nursing; standardization of terminologies has
become imperative in the classification of nursing diagnosis, interventions and expected outcomes. The most popular and successful systems are the
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA–I), Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and Nursing Intervention
Classification (NIC) (de Lima Lopes, de Barros, & Marlene Michel, 2009). This paper aims to provide a brief outline of these standardized
terminologies (STs) as they relate to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nurses should take care to select the proper outcomes to ensure optimum care is provided to patients with CHF. The plan of care is dependent on the
nursing diagnosis and the desired nurse–sensitive outcomes. The priority NOC outcome for the diagnosis of CHF is Fluid Balance and Fluid
Overload Severity. Other related NOC outcomes are Knowledge: Cardiac Disease Management, Knowledge: Energy conservation, Knowledge:
Medication, Knowledge: Prescribed Activity, Knowledge: Treatment, and Knowledge: Weight Management (Johnson et al., 2012). These are only a
select few of the multiple outcomes available; care should be modified as the disease progresses through the problems which evolves over the lifetime
of patients diagnoses with CHF. Once all these determinants are established, the nurse will be prepared to determine which level of NOC is essential
to effectively manage the disease.
Nursing Intervention Classification
Nursing interventions are focused on nursing behaviors to guide the patient in the direction of the most preferred outcome (Johnson et al., 2012). Fluid
management, fluid/electrolyte management, and hypervolemia management are the major interventions in effective management of CHF. Fluid
management is the most difficult intervention for all patients suffering from CHF. Evaluation of the patient's ability to make the appropriate lifestyle
changes required to

Informatics Is The Study And Practice Of Science And...
Informatics is the study and practice of science and technology. It is a practice of creating, storing, finding, manipulating and sharing information (Ong,
2014). Informatics turns data and information into knowledge that people can use everyday. In today's world informatics is the bridge to all useful
things; it helps to shape our relationships, our organizations and our world. Informatics is an every changing field. It uses computer science to help
analyze big issues especially within healthcare. People using informatics are able to help solve problems that directly impact our lives and our society.
We use informatics within healthcare.Health informatics is an evolving specialty that links information technology, communications and healthcare to
improve the quality and safety of patient care. Health informatics allows health information management professionals to gather and analyze large
amounts of data into useful information.
Theory of Informatics
There are many complex theories to explain informatics. To begin to explain this, information is power and technology helps to facilitate by affording
ways to provide patient education, teaching, learning and to provide general health promotion and prevention information on a global scale. In theory
we are combining science, computer science, information science and cognitive science all together. As a multidisciplinary health care, informatics is
pulling all theories and knowledge bases together. According to

Leadership Management and Development
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT REVIEW [Student name] [Instructor name] Date THESIS QUESTION: Are organizations likely
to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systems or their social systems –– or both? Why? The organizations
today are facing the problems related to information over–load that can be effectively handled by bringing changes in organizational social systems.
The people in an organization should know what data and information is critical for the organization and which data is unimportant. Hence a social
change is expected to solve the problems of information over–load by selecting only that information that can be most supportive and helpful in
decision making. WHY SOCIAL SYSTEMS A social system is one where people live or work together. The main subject in the social structure is
people and their networks, not machines and technical principles like in technical systems. The organizations benefit the most from its people.
Therefore, the fight between more corporations is to acquire the best personnel in the industry since the people skills can alter the way business is
conducted. The goals and organizational objectives are also set for and achieved by people and not machines or networks. The information can be
processed by computers and printed by printers but the people in the business environment should know how to select only relevant information. There
are many components of a social system. A social

An Individual Written Reflection On A Lesson Or Series Of...
An individual written reflection on a lesson or series of lessons that you have taught.
Introduction:
The content of this critical account is based on a lesson taught to a Year 9 Information Communication Technology (ICT) class at a rural comprehensive
school in Wales.
The school is rated as good with outstanding features (Grade 1) under Estyn inspection and is a well established institution that provides facilities and
provision for secondary (11–16) and post–sixteen education. The makeup of the school is English–medium, mixed, representing a full spectrum of
ability and draws from a full range of social and economic backgrounds – though the number receiving free school meals is below the national average.
The class in question is mixed ability and is representative of the wider school, including both more and less able pupils, some with special
educational needs and disabilities (SEND). The lesson's set tasks (Appendix 3) included an evaluation of previous work on spreadsheets and an
introduction to the forthcoming topic on databases. Both of these tasks contribute to a long term project which forms part of a wider curriculum
intended to support essential business and computing skills, culminating in the award of the Essential Skills Wales (ESW) qualification.
This reflection will critically analyse the types of knowledge intended to be taught during the lesson, how well the pedagogical techniques were suited
to this learning (with a focus on pupil experience),

A Research Study And Practice Of Science And Technology
Definition of Informatics
Informatics is the study and practice of science and technology. It is a practice of creating, storing, finding, manipulating and sharing information
(Ong, 2014). In today's world informatics is the bridge to all useful things; it helps to shape our relationships, our organizations and our world.
Informatics is an every changing field. It uses computer science to help analyze big issues especially within healthcare. People using informatics are
able to help solve problems that directly impact our lives and our society. We use informatics within healthcare.Health informatics is an evolving
specialty that links information technology, communications and healthcare to improve the quality and safety of patient ... Show more content on
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The American Nurses Association states that knowledge is the information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized. Lastly
there is Wisdom. Wisdom is the highest form of data transformation (ANA, 2007).
Uses of Informatics in the Healthcare Setting
The use of informatics is integrated across most health care settings. All employees must maintain a database on its employees. This database can be
used to communicate with employees, monitory staffing patterns and create budgets. At most facilities within health care, most heating, air, ventilation
and alarm systems are computer controlled. Most facilities now submit medical claims electronically. By submitting these claims on the computer,
financial transactions are computed faster and help to be more cost effective as it reduces the service times needed for the accounts payable and
receivable. Electronic medical records management at facilities help to search for trends, number of cases, devices, costs and patient outcomes. Some
computer programs being utilized at facilities are designed to capture specific data fields for the implementation of multidisciplinary care for patients.
Systems are now available for patients to schedule their own appointments according to their own schedule. People are being encouraged to be more
responsible for their own health care. Patient portals have been established for

Data, Knowledge, Information and Wisdom Continuum
The Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum
The Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum Data, information, and knowledge are words used to assign meaning to our complex nursing
work. In the field of information technology, these words are used to give meaning and direct the flow of organizationalknowledge (Thompson &
Warren, 2009).
The concept of the data–information–knowledge–wisdom (DIKW) continuum is the transformation of data into wisdom through cognitive processes,
which are supportive of the nursing practice. Schleyer and Beaudry (2009) discussed how nurses in this growing specialty are accountable to provide
the best evidence–based care advice possible, transform the data collected to information, and apply that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, said data would be considered information, as it had context to the reason the literature search was being performed. Medication errors
cause an estimated 7000 deaths each year and cost the nation $2 billion annually (Paoletti, Suess, Lesko, Feroli, Kennel, Mahler, & Sauders,
2007). A significant reduction of medication errors was evidenced by the use of bar code technology and the eMAR. A study funded by the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (Healthcare Benchmark & Quality Improvements, 2010) reported that by incorporating bar–code verification
technology within an eMAR system, a significant reduction in medication errors was demonstrated.
Connecting Information to Knowledge According to (Thompson & Warren, 2009) knowledge occurs when we apply the data and information to
obtain relevant and purposeful meaning. The transformation of information to knowledge occurs when information is combined so that connections
can be identified and formalized if you will. Some methods used to achieve this transformation would be through comparison. How does this
information compare to other known data? Example: Were there fewer transcription and medication errors with the use of eMAR and bar code
technology as opposed to paper documentation and administration? Another method would be through making associations or connections. Example:
How does the use of eMAR with bar–code technology relate to reduced transcription

Socio-Technical Perspective
Running head: Socio–technical perspective: help for managing information overload
TUI University Brocton Begley Mod 1–Session Long Project ITM501–Mgmt Info. Systems & Business Strategy Sam Biragbara April 14, 2011
Introduction Information overload is a big problem in most if not all organizations. As business, technology and education expand so does the data,
information and knowledge backgrounds. In order to go forward, information retention is necessary. Because of this, a socio–technical perspective is
needed within each organization to better organize the communication between the personal and technical sub–systems and manage the information
overload. The purpose of this paper is to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To get the full picture of this problem, it is best remember what was just mentioned about the difference between the traditional ideas of "data",
"information", and "knowledge." They build the difference between memorizing and understanding. Sometimes the internet can throw a bunch of facts
out into cyberspace, but they may not be helpful or even truthful. It is increasingly difficult to distinguish what are data, information and knowledge
and what is trustworthy. There is also the increasing problem of information overload. It's no secret that it has been a problem for centuries.
Electronic media tries to make it easier to "search" for the information that we need. However, we must be careful as we can run into the problem of
"reinventing the wheel," so to speak. Amy Baird (2010) states the point wonderfully. "It 's important to remember that information overload is not
unique to our time, lest we fall into doomsaying. At the same time, we need to proceed carefully in the transition to electronic media, lest we lose
crucial methods of working that rely on and

Relationship Between Evidence Based Practice And Informatics
Relationship between Evidence–based Practice and Informatics According to Nelson and Stagger (2014, p.40), "knowledge is the heart of EBP".
Knowledge is one of the four paradigm of the informatics framework, which is a result of identification of data and information; and formalization of
relationship between data and information. EBP is defined as the integration of current best evidence into clinical practice to enhance decision making
while providing care to an individual (Nelson & Staggers, 2014). The decision making for clinical process is not only influenced by the high–caliber,
peer–reviewed scientific studies in the literature, but also a clinician's expertise and patient preferences and needs are equally important. DiCenso,...
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The data collected through computers during single research are used to synthesize evidence to guide the best care. After the synthesis of evidence, the
evidence has to be translated into practice. The incorporation of EBP into the information system in healthcare has been possible to aid the clinician
with their decision making. There are many clinical practice guidelines available electronically that can be utilized at the point of care (Upshur, 2014).
Personally, I have used guidelines on hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes many times to aid with my decision to treat patient with during my
clinical. In my first clinical at the UW Internal Medicine, the modified guidelines were available to clinicians through intranet. In this way, the EBP are
easily accessible during point of care and enhance its utilization during practice. Once again, the data collected into the EHR are used to determine its
impact on patient outcomes, cost, and effectiveness of the treatment. This is a way to evaluate whether the implementation of clinical practice
guideline has been effective or not. Beside the direct incorporation of the clinical practice guidelines into intranet, many guidelines are utilize to create
order set to help clinician with treatment management. I have not come across any evidence–based guidelines that supports the provision of training to
preceptors

Applying Standardized Terminologies : Caring For The...
Applying Standardized Terminologies: Caring for the Breast Cancer Patient Throughout this paper the identification and application of standardized
terminologies such as: The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) to identify the applicable diagnosis; Nursing Interventions
Classification (NIC) to construct a care–plan with diagnosis specific interventions; and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to evaluate the
outcomes. This will be applied to a clinical patient scenario of newly diagnosed breast cancer; and present the conjunction of how standardized
terminologies support the recognition of pertinent patient data becoming the information applied to care; erected from scientific, research and practice
based knowledge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a full examination, recommendation and completion of a mammogram; a small mass was identified in the right breast. A tissue sample was
extracted and sent for identification; resulting in a positive identification of a malignant tumor (i.e. breast cancer).
NANDA: Distinguishing the Diagnosis Women may experience a range of emotions with the diagnosis as well as throughout the treatment as a
result of breast cancer, such as: sadness, anger, fear and guilt. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor the client for their psychosocial adjustment
to the diagnosis and treatment, and identifying those that need further psychological interventions (Boehmke & Dickerson, 2006). This includes
being aware of the impact the diagnosis will have on the family members and loved ones; as their support is warranted as possible caregivers during
the process. Appropriate nursing diagnoses for a woman with a new verdict of breast cancer may include (but not limited to): disturbed body image
related to loss of hair due to chemotherapy; fear related to the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease; and knowledge deficit of cancer treatment
options and reconstructive surgery. Other diagnosis will be added and removed as the patient decides if she wants treatment; and the psychological,
psychosocial, and physical changes that may affect her quality of life. For instance, after a mastectomy the patient may have a nursing diagnosis of: risk
for disturbed body

The DIKW Model : Computer Science And Information Science
The DIKW Model The DIKW model is the fundamental theory on which the nursing informatics discipline is based upon.Nursing informatics is a
combination of information science, computer science and nursing science.DIKW model provides a broad theoretical framework that encompasses all
the three disciplines to support the interdisciplinary nature of nursing informatics. Data are discrete facts derived from observation describing the
patient or his/her environment. Examples include patient's medical diagnosis or living status etc.Has very little meaning by itself. Information is
gathered by combining different data points into a meaningful picture in a certain context. Information is a continuum of progressively developing and
clustered data; it answers questions such as "who", "what", "where", and "when". (Topaz, M. (2013).Knowledge is derived by exploring patterns of
relationships between different sets of information and explains "why" or "how". Wisdom is an appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve
human problems. (American Nurses Association, 2008; Matney et al., 2011) Wisdom guides the nurses in decision making based on patients' values,
nurse's experience, and healthcare knowledge. The DIKW model lays foundation for developing ways for representing nursing work in quantifiable
terms, deriving nursing outcomes, and evaluating the outcome criteria. Making nursing work visible and valued in health systems, using information
technology is one of the major

Improving Patient Outcomes For Nurses
There are several standardized terminologies in the nursing practice. Some of these are the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
(NANDA), Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). I have selected a patient scenario that will
further explain these elements. There was a 27 year old man that was admitted to the hospital one week after a chemotherapy session, he had a fever
of 102.5F, his white blood cell count was 0.3, and his absolute neutrophil count was zero. This specific patient was also complaining of nausea and
vomiting and had a new central line placed 10 days ago.
The NANDA: Nursing Diagnosis Definitions and Classification are a critical component in the nursing process. This is the first step in identifying
how we should plan nursing care for our patients' to improve patient outcomes for which nurses are held accountable. It also helps us to identify what
are the priorities in caring for this patient. Some of the components of a nursing diagnosis are the label or name and definition, related factors or risk
factors, and defining characteristics. For this particular scenario some of the nursing diagnosis would be
Risk for infection related to immunosuppression secondary to chemotherapy, invasive lines, inadequate primary defenses and chronic disease.
Knowledge deficit related to nutrition, and environment secondary to chronic disease. Altered nutrition related to weight loss secondary to disease
process and

Dyson Case Study
Contents INTRODUCTION1 INFORMATION RESOURCES2 DIKW A SOURCE OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE3
ENTERPRISE SYSTEM4 ACQUISITION OF AN ES (ERP)5 IMPLEMENTING ERP SYSTEM5 THE ADVICE IMPLEMENTATION AND
CHANGE6 COCLUSION6 REFERENCE7 INTRODUCTION In reaction to global pressures Dyson planned to launch itself into international business.
This report is written to advise the board of the company on the benefits of using Information Resources and Enterprise system to compete effectively
and efficiently thereby having a competitive advantage in the Industry. It will place emphasis on how competitive advantage could be achieved using
information resources and technology on the Value chain. The report... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Eustace (2003), we have witnessed a fundamental shift in the corporate value system away from physical and financial assets towards the
creative exploitation of a nexus of intangible assets and competences– mainly in the form of distinctive capabilities derived from knowledge intangible.
In the present are, the 'intangible economy' and there are four tips of resources ( knowledge assets, collaboration assets, engagement assets and time)
from which economic activity and competitive advantage are primarily derived and delivered. Managing information and knowledge in high quality is
not an easy task, but there are many reasons. The retention of its Research and Development center in the United Kingdom while its manufacturing
plants will be in China and Malaysia will make it imperative for Dyson to consider using information resources and enterprise system to control and
coordinate all its operations all over. Dyson will need many information technologies for guarantee the quantity and quality of information and for
keeping the information flow is the major differentiator for every business (Gates 1999). Technologies are divided in three set communication,
collaboration and storage. And this is three set is a tools to KMS a system that facilitates knowledge management by ensuring knowledge flow from
different sectors in those who know to those who need to know.

Essay about From Data, Information and Knowledge to Wisdom
From Data, Information and Knowledge to Wisdom The data–information–knowledge–wisdom (DIKW) continuum is a concept of the transformation
of data into wisdom through cognitive processes. DIKW was initially used to illustrate principles of information management for the designing of
information systems (Davenport & Pursak, 1989)(Saltworks, 2009). DIKW models utilized by nursing such as the model by Englebart & Nelson
(2002), incorporate principles of increasing complexity due to increasing interactions What is important and unique to nursing is the DIKW concepts
and models also help describe the critical thinking processes that nurses use to transform knowledge into the delivery of patient care, into education and
learning and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The search identified 6 articles. According to Bernstein (2009), The Data–Information–Knowledge–Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration and
reduction, so to select the most relevant articles, the titles and the keywords of the articles were reviewed first. This resulted in one article that did not
contain the search words to be elimiated from further review. Translating Clinical Data to Information To further evaluate the usefulness of the 5
remaining articles, their abstracts were read to identify any relevant information. Information is data that has some meaning to it. Davenport and Prusak
(1989) describes information as data that makes a difference to the receiver of the data. The data which is now aggregated into informational sentences
and paragraphs (complete thoughts) reveal that the NANDA Nursing Diagnoses, the Iowa Nursing Interventions, and Iowa Nursing Outcomes
Classification SNLs have been explored for use in Nurse Practitioner practice. This is information as it has context to the reason the literature search is
being performed. Linking Information to Knowledge In the DIKW continuum, Knowledge is transformed from Information At the knowledge stage in
Englebart's & Nelson's (2002) DIKW model, an increased level of complexity in thinking must occur as a result of the increasing occurrences of
interrelationships between information and knowledge (McGonigle

Transforming Nursing And Health Care
TRANSFORMING NURSING AND HEALTH CARE WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT: APPLICATION USING THE DATA/INFORMATION
/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM INTRODUCTION Theory is one of the fundamental blocks of each scientific discipline.It is impossible to
imagine biology without the theory of Evolution or physics without the theory of Relativity.Nursing informatics ,a relatively new discipline,is also
thirsty for its own theory.However,it is challenging to find literature that provides clear theoretical guidance for nurse informaticians. The
Data–Information–Knowledge–Wisdom framework Nursing informatics was created by the merge of three well established scientific
fields:Information science,Computer science and Nursing Science.One of the most compelling definitions of the discipline states: ?Nursing
informatics science and practice integrates nursing,its information and knowledge and their manaement with information and communication
technologies to promote the health of people,families and communities worldwide?(International Medical Informatics Association–Nursing Working
Group,2010).Unfortunately,very few attempts were made to generate a broad theoretical framework for nursing informatics.There are several
challenges to generate such framework.First,the interdisciplinary nature of nursing informatics demands the use of broad enough theoretical
framework to encompass all the disciplines.Also, the required theoretical framework should consider the practice/application domain;the
implementation

The Positive Impact Of Electronic Communication On Practice
Impact of Electronic Communication on Practice
However, it is imperative always to outweigh the positives and negative aspects of every implementation influencing patient care which is undoubtedly
the cornerstone of safe and effective nursing practice. Therefore, it is worth noting that the electronic communication concept may have a negative
connotation substantiated by multifaceted safety concerns. The first drawback from the use of smartphones or computers in the clinical setting is a
creation a distraction for a health care provider from the task requiring concentration and undivided attention (Broussard & Broussard, 2013).
Nevertheless, on the positive note, the utilization of cell phones improves the communication and collaboration within the team caring for the patient.
The second objection to the introduction of smartphones in the medical practice is a creation of interpersonal distance between a provider and a
patient by limiting eye contact and having no regard for being in the presence of the person who expects patient–centered approach (Broussard &
Broussard, 2013). In like manner, the individual corresponding through a mobile device demands the same personal treatment as the one sitting in the
exam room. Therefore, the emerging communication through advanced technology in the eyes of providers might be promoting exceptional and
immediate access to patients no matter the place or time it also creates an impersonal relationship between the two while lacking

Standardized Language
The healthcare system in itself is extremely complex and it is important to have a standardized language for healthcare professionals to have, especially
during documentation. According to ______, a common language is essential for communication and understanding one another. As an example, a
patient with diabetic ketoacidosis will be further explored using three of the thirteen American Nurses Association approved standardized languages:
North American Nursing Diagnoses Association– International (NANDA–I), Nursing Interventions Classifications (NOC), and Nursing Outcomes
Classifications (NOC) Systems. This paper will also explore of how data, information, knowledge, and wisdom was used in this specific scenario to
provide guidance. A sixteen–year–old boy was admitted through the emergency room presenting with difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, dry mouth,
frequent urination, and fruity odor on breath. Initially, diabetic ketoacidosis comes to mind, but further labs are ordered to... Show more content on
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The patient with DKA, the goal outcome would be to stabilize his blood sugar and maintain it. NIC is a list of interventions based on a patient's need. In
this scenario, after stabilizing him, prevention and education is important so that this situation does not occur again. Teaching and prevention is such
an important factor in patient care. Nursing Informatics contains a framework to guide nursing practice, this framework is called Data, Information,
Knowledge, Wisdom (DIKW). Nurses use this framework on a daily basis without even realizing it. In this patient's scenario, when that patient was first
admitted into the emergency department, Furthermore, standardized terminology played a large role in maintaining this patient's care throughout his
hospital stay.

Nursing Informatics: Course Analysis
It is hard to believe that already eight weeks of class has come to an end but throughout that time my knowledge related to nursing informatics has
expanded considerably. Therefore, my knowledge gain should be inevitably measured and evaluated by eight–course outcomes posed at the beginning
of this term. First, as I review all my activities in this course the most helpful resources which introduced me to fundamental concepts and definitions
of informatics were available through recommended articles or FierceHealthIT website along with two books related to lectures. The second goal of
this class which was the recognition of ethical and legal aspects associated with the application of electronic devices was achieved by participation in
discussions

Code 403 Unit 1 Assignment
Assessment Cover Sheet
Student ID875462
SurnameYoung
First NameAndrew
Unit Code403
Unit NameManaging Information Systems
Due Date7th April 2015
Assignment Number1
Contents
Executive Summary3
Part A– Definition4
Part B – Investigation5
Part C – Critique7
Part D–Strategy Formulation9
Bibliography10
Executive Summary
This aim of this document was to provide a summary and definition of the concept of Information Systems and contrast the subject against Information
Technology. As part of this I have defined systems and I then have offered some brief commentary on how IS has changed over the last hundred years
or so.
Following this I have provided two data flow diagrams for a ticket ordering system that may be used ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally speaking it is the hardware and software associated with the IS platform – this could also be referred to as Infrastructure. Many business
confuse the term and see that a businesses IS function is all about the technology infrastructure – this is not strictly correct – Information systems is

about getting the data and information to managers to enable them to make key business decisions – Information Technology is an enabler of IS.
With the advent of modern information technology, the focus of IS has been generally skewed ...
Part B – Investigation
Figure 1 below represents the context–level data flow diagram for a ticketing fulfilment system that may be used by a leading sporting organisation
such as the AFL; Figure 1 – Context–level data flow diagram Figure 2 below represents a level 1 diagram showing the various functions of the

Standardized Terminologies In Nursing Practice
Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice Hyperhemesis gravidarum is a condition in which the pregnant woman experiences severe nausea
and vomiting. Although the causes of hyperemesis gravidarum are not well known; however, many believe that elevated blood level of human
chorionic gonadotopin (HCG) may be a contributing factor of this condition. Currently the cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is unknown,
although there is strong evidence linking human chorionic gonadotropin or estrogens as well as genetic susceptibility possibly mediated through the
vestibuloocular reflex pathway (Fejzo et al., 2012). The following case scenario refers to a 22 weeks pregnant woman admitted to the labor and
delivery unit with severe nausea... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nursing terminologies also help nurses to plan care that reflects the patient's needs, anticipate these needs, and intervene accordingly. In addition,
nursing informatics makes the use of standardized terminologies more important than ever because it allows differentiating the impact of nursing care
from those of other disciplines. Thus, the standardization of nursing terminologies with documented nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and
patient outcomes is important to nursing practice because it unifies the language among nurses and other healthcare providers, which will have a
positive impact on the quality of

Information, Knowledge, And Wisdom: Appropriate Knowledge...
The metastructure concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom (DIKW) can be transformed in many areas of healthcare. Using all 4
concepts, provide an example of application in your clinical practice
Data: It is presented as discrete facts, described objectively without interpretation.
Information: It is interpreted data which has been given meaning. It answers questions such as "who", "what" and "where". It is data which is
organized and structured.
Knowledge: It is information that has been synthesized so that relations and interactions are defined and formalized; Knowledge answers questions of
"why" or "how". It explores options.
Wisdom: Appropriate knowledge application. It implies a form of ethics, or knowing why certain things... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These patients are usually scheduled in our post discharge clinic.
One of the performance measure that we are working on is decreasing the number of patients that no show for appointments. We decided to look at our
discharge clinic where we noted that 50% of the patients in this particular clinic do not come for appointment–Data.
We then looked at the individual patients characteristics to see who no shows for these appointment after they are discharged from the hospital, and
determined that the bulk of the patients that are not showing for appointment were homeless patients– Information.
Then, we explored how can we get the patients to come for their visits, and looked at several options including not scheduling follow up, but having
them come in whenever as a walk in visit, seeing them on the unit on the day of discharge to determine need for follow up, just scheduling them with
their providers as regular follow visit, or negotiating a telephone scheduled call time a week after discharge which will meet this measure–

Informatics And Its Multiple Tools
As technology evolves and it is widely applied in medical practice, the need for informatics and its multiple tools increases every day. Enhanced
communication, sharing of information and knowledge, telehealth and biomedical equipment are only some of the areas that informatics is involved.
Informatics utilizes the power of technology to turn information data into knowledge that people can use in their everyday lives. Using computing,
informatics is applied to solve problems in healthcare, education, privacy, security, poverty, and challenges in our environment. Informatics is defined
as "a combination of computer science, information science and medical science" (Graves and Corcoran, 1989) to help in the management and support
of every ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its elements are defined as follows: data, information, knowledge and wisdom. Data are facts gathered through observation with very little
interpretation such as patient's medical diagnosis or living status (alone or with family). Information is interpreted data created by combining different
information entities into a relevant picture. Knowledge is already synthesized information with clearly defined relations and interactions (Matney et
al., 2011). It is a result of a process of discovering relationship patterns between different units of information. Knowledge is very important because
such information combinations might reveal additional risks a patient might face when for example his circumstances change (discharge home from
hospital). Wisdom is "an appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems" (American Nurses Association, 2008; Matney et al.,
2011; it means to know when and how to use the knowledge and it implies ethics in knowing why a medical professional should implement one or
another procedure or method keeping in mind the unique needs of his patients. Utilizing wisdom, a nurse chooses a tailored to each patient approach
using clinical judgment. There is a constant flow between these four concepts of DIKW; there are no strict boundaries

Hospital Readmissions: A Case Study
What factors contribute to multiple Chronic Obstructive admissions and how can the number of readmissions within 30 days be reduced? The
Affordable Care Act added section 1886 to the Social Security Act. This section created the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP). The
purpose of HRRP is to reduce hospital spending and improve quality of care (Sjoding & Colin, 2014). HRRP requires Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid Services (CMS) to reduce, or penalize, hospitals receiving payments from CMS for excessive admission of several chronic diseases, taking
affect in October 2012 (CMS, 2018). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease was added in 2015 as one of these conditions.
Hospitals will be charged up to 3% of cost of admission for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information.
According to DIKW framework information is the data which is interpreted, combined to give contextual meaning, and organized. The information
component answers questions such as who, what, when and where (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018). This section would begin to identify risk factors in
COPD admissions. Such as, if someone lives alone are they less likely to be compliant with medication? Or, does smoking status increase the
likelihood of readmission?
Information can be obtained through multiple processes. For hospital specific information chart review can be conducted to link the data obtained
with number of admissions. For a broader, larger sample, a Boolean search in the CINAHL and MEDLINE database would be conducted using the
key words; COPD and exacerbation or admission, with smoking, age, socio–economic status, oxygen use, living status, and medication compliance.
Knowledge.
Knowledge answers the why or how. This component of DIKW paradigm describes and validates relations and interactions. Knowledge can be used to
identify patterns leading to risk, in this situation, of COPD readmission (McGonigle & Mastrian,

Use Of Information Systems On The Life Of Data

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