The document provides an overview of key concepts in biotechnology including the Human Genome Project, genetic engineering, restriction enzymes, cloning, stem cells, and gel electrophoresis. The Human Genome Project aimed to sequence the entire human genome to understand what each gene does. Genetic engineering uses restriction enzymes to cut and splice genes, allowing creation of recombinant DNA. Cloning involves transplanting the nucleus of a donor adult cell into an egg cell to produce an organism with the donor's genes. Stem cells can potentially treat many health issues. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size and charge to analyze DNA samples for uses like DNA fingerprinting for criminal investigations.

1. Biotechnology Study Guide
Human Genome Project
o What is a genome?
o What was the purpose of the project?
Genetic Engineering
o What is it?
o Think about examples we went over in class!
Restriction Enzymes
o What is their function in bacteria?
o What are blunt ends and sticky ends?
o Could you cut a DNA strand if given the specific sequence for the cuts?
o What is gene splicing?
o What is recombinant DNA?
Cloning
o What are the steps in the cloning process?
o What was the purpose of the surrogate mother, somatic cell donor, and egg cell donor?
o Who would the clone look like in the end?
o Who is Dolly the sheep?
Stem Cells
o What are they?
o What kinds of health problems could they be used to treat?
Gel Electrophoresis
o What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
o How does it work?
 What’s the charge on a DNA molecule?
o How does it fit in with DNA fingerprinting?
 What is DNA fingerprinting used for?