Oklahoma Funded Program Case Study

Oklahoma Funded Program Case Study
Oklahoma funded program 9: Lead to Read. LTR had 36 AmeriCorps members serving schools in
Lincoln, Osage, Logan, Creek, Pawnee, Okfuskee, Payne and Carter counties. LTR members were
assigned to local districts and provided one–on–one and small group literacy instruction to k–3
students in need of remediation (OCSC, 2015).
Through the OCSC. the LTR program was established. Public School programs and in particular
literacy programs are one of the most prolific areas for AmeriCorps service (Simon, 2002).
According to the CNCS (2010) strategic plan, Learn and Serve America program runs through state
education agencies and provide K–12 schools, community–based organizations, Indian tribes, and
U.S. territories and institutions of higher ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Members are assigned a site supervisor for them to report to and look towards for support. Members
are then placed in classrooms and work with students who do not benchmark on initial assessments.
Members utilize their training and other resources to provide individual and small group
intervention. Members track the time spent with students throughout the school year and report
using time sheets. Students are assessed two other times throughout the year for progress monitoring
and that data is sent to the LTR director. For the LTR program, members are provided a living
allowance of $6,525 for ten months. Members can serve up to four years at 900 hours per year and
an education award of $2,865 for continuing education each year. Members have seven years to use
their education award and for those over 55 years of age, they can gift their earned award on to their
children, grandchildren, or foster children. There has been limited research conducted on
AmeriCorps programs in schools, and for schools to continue to utilize members as interventionists,
research needs to be completed on AmeriCorps programs to evaluate program effectiveness. The
LTR sites utilize two of the state adopted assessments. Half of the sites use STAR or STAR Early
Literacy and DIBELS to collect student outcome data (M.Parnell, personal communication,
September
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Essay On GISS
There are many interesting potential uses of GIS in Natural Resource management. One area of
interest at my current Project Office is prescribed burns. Prescribed Burns are an important and vital
part of managing natural resources and keeping the park areas and adjacent private lands safe from
wildfire. It can be challenging to complete the prescribed burns during the short open window
available each year. We work hard to complete burns in the off–season, when acceptable and safe
weather conditions are present and consideration is given to protecting neighboring property.
Consequentially, working with the neighbors not only involves safety issues but also maintaining
good relationships with local landowners. Once a burn location ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
http://geo.ou.edu/DataFrame.htm December 3, 2017 ) b. Creek County Municipal Boundaries
Shapefile (Center for Spatial Analysis (University of Oklahoma), "Statewide Municipal
Boundaries", [Shapefile], November 14, 2017. http://geo.ou.edu/DataFrame.htm December 3, 2017
) c. Creek County Fire Protection Districts Shapefile (Troy L. Frazier, "Rural Fire Protection
Districts of Oklahoma" [Shapefile], April 27, 2011). Contact Troy Frazier. Data is referenced on
http://geo.ou.edu/DataFrame.htm but not downloadable. 4) County Map Data for Pawnee County
(http://www.csa.ou.edu/) a. Pawnee County Boundary Shapefile (Center for Spatial Analysis
(University of Oklahoma), "Statewide Counties", [Shapefile], May 20, 2010.
http://geo.ou.edu/DataFrame.htm December 3, 2017 ) b. Pawnee County Municipal Boundaries
Shapefile (Center for Spatial Analysis (University of Oklahoma), "Statewide Municipal
Boundaries", [Shapefile], November 14, 2017. http://geo.ou.edu/DataFrame.htm December 3, 2017
) c. Pawnee County Fire Protection Districts Shapefile (Troy L. Frazier, "Rural Fire Protection
Districts of Oklahoma" [Shapefile], April 27, 2011) Contact Troy Frazier as data is referenced on
http://geo.ou.edu/DataFrame.htm but not downloadable. 5) County Map Data for Tulsa County
(http://www.csa.ou.edu/) a. Tulsa County Boundary Shapefile County (Center for

Comanche Indians
COMANCHE INDIANS
The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role
in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the
Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely
equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches'
Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto–Aztecan linguistic family and is
virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth
century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Because of their skills as trades, the Comanches controlled much of the commerce of the Southern
Plains. They bartered buffalo products, horses, and captives for manufactured items and foodstuffs.
SHELTER
The familiar Plains – type teepee constructed of tan buffalo hide stretched over sixteen to eighteen
lodge poles provided portable shelter for the Comanches.
CLOTHING
Their clothing, made of Bison hide or Buckskin, consisted of breechcloth, leggings, and moccasins
for men, and fringed skirt, poncho–style blouse, leggings, and moccasins for women. Buffalo robes
provided protection from cold weather.
TRANSPORTATION
However, it was the horse that most clearly defined the Comanche way of life. It gave them mobility
to follow the buffalo herds and the advantage of hunting and conducting warfare from horseback.
Horses also became a measure of Comanche wealth and a valuable trade commodity. In
horsemanship, the Comanches had no equal. Children learned to ride at an early age, and both men
and women developed exceptional equestrian skills.
GORVERNMENT
Democratic principle was strongly implanted in Comanche political organization. Each tribal
division had both civil or peace chiefs and war chiefs, but traditionally the head civil chief was most
influential. Leaders gained their positions through

Character Analysis Of August Osage County
August: Osage County is a well–acted play that is generally about a family that falls apart. That is
something that almost everybody has in common. This play could very well be realistic according to
the situations that were being displayed, dialogue being used and the setting of the play. The play
speaks about real people in everyday situations, dealing with common problems that almost
everybody's family has once had to deal with such as suicide, divorce, children growing up faster
than expected and much more. These types of situations go on in our everyday lives. Also, within
this play it presents an everyday conversation in a succinct, direct way. The dialogue hits with full
force within the context of the play and the drama plays out between the characters. Additionally,
the most realistic factor in the play was the set design. The setting is in a large county home outside
of Pawhuska, Oklahoma which reflects the society and culture in which people live. The set design
fitting in with the play being almost a three–story home with a kitchen, dining room, Violet's room
door and an attic. This everyday setting helped contribute to the power of the play, making it easier
for the audience to be able to understand and relate to. Watching the August: Osage County play
wasn't as interesting as the script itself, but it was many aspects in the play that kept my attention.
Pertaining to acting, Violet's character was played to perfection. With her character being sixty–three

Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act Essay
As persons travel through the state of Kansas, one would gather the sense that the state has a history
that began with the settlement of European–Americans during the 19th Century as there is little
roadside advertising stating the contrary. Kansas, for centuries, was a land where many Native
American tribes that lived, fought, and died. Subsequently, the city of Wichita is a good example of
this. It is known as a large city of Kansas and not known as the name of a Native American tribe.
The fact of the matter is that the Wichita tribe aided in the establishment of a trading post that led to
the development of the current metropolitan city. One would be total unaware that the state of
Kansas played a major role in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990).
Unless one drives by one of the tribal casinos, one would not be aware that Kansas proudly has four
Native American reservations. In reality, for centuries the state of Kansas has held a rich history and
future as a Native land. Kansas is a Native land because prior to the European–American settlement
of Kansas, many Native American tribes thrived within Kansas. The fact is, centuries ago, Kansas
was occupied by Native Americans who thrived in large villages or as flourishing nomads who
followed the large herds of buffalo roaming Kansas grasslands. The land, now called Kansas, had
been home to many Native American peoples. The Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche, Kansa, Kiowa,
Osage, Pawnee, Cuartelejo

Changes Between Civil War And Reconstruction In Indian...
Essay A –1 Although the horrors of the American Civil War and Reconstruction within Indian
Territory were fresh. Yet, the presence of Indian Territory changed drastically between 1865 and
1889, because of the "Second Trail of Tears", the unrest of the Southern Plains tribes of western
Indian Territory, and the impact of U.S. Polices on Indian Territory.
The Indian Nations lost nearly half their land due to the Reconstruction treaties of 1866, which
required the land lost to be used for resettlement of more Indian tribes. Indian populations within
Indian Territory did not change much from 1865 to 1900, but the non– Indian populations soon
outnumbered the Indian populations six to one (Baird and Goble, p 126). Lane – Pomeroy Plan
pushed by the Kansas representatives, James Lane and Samuel Pomeroy, to pressure the Federal
government to remove more Indians to Indian Territory (Baird and Goble, p 131). The
Homesteading movement increased pressure to relocate Indians to Indian Territory to open up more
lands in surrounding states for settlement. Upwards to 15,000 Indians were relocated to Indian
Territory during the Second Trail of Tears (Baird and Goble, p 131). The increased diversity
between Indian tribes and the growing non–Indian population created a tension for Indians to
maintain control of Indian Territory, which grew worse as the territory edged closer to statehood.
The Second Trail of Tears, like the first, were done in a series of waves of forced and voluntary

Betty Marie's Life: Tallchief By Studipta Bardhan
The Author, Studipta Bardhan, of this text chose to structure the main character's life by dividing it
into five areas. She started out with Betty Marie Tallchief's childhood and personal life. Then, she
told about how Betty Marie's personal life changed. Then, this allowed her to blend in her
professional life and why she changed her first name to Maria. Even so, she stayed true to the
heritage her grandmother instilled in her as a small child and kept her Osage Indian last name as
Tallchief in both her personal and professional life. The structure of the text helped me to really get
to know her, not just know about her. In the first paragraph, the reader learns how Betty Marie's
grandmother taught her about her Indian heritage.

Kellie Howell Thesis
Walking into a silent courtroom, it is quiet. All you can hear is the footsteps you are making as you
approach the jury to do an opening statement. You feel anxious and excited all at the same time,
because at the beginning of your career, you were the jury. This is what Kellie Howell experiences
everyday as she walks into a courtroom. Kellie Howell started this profession with intentions of
helping people when nobody else will. Although there are many moments of excitement, there are
also difficulties. This is what makes Kellie continue to push forward in this field. Kellie Howell, a
defense attorney of Del City, Oklahoma, was motivated to pursue this career because she felt it was
necessary to represent others in their darkest hour. Kellie was excited to join this field because she
knew she could help others in a way that most cannot. Kellie Howell started off in the Air Force
branch. She served as a cop during the time she was in the military. Being a cop she had seen the
good and the bad of people. She knew that she wanted to serve the people who have done wrong.
Kellie had been called to do jury duty while she was in the military. The case was a criminal case,
and she fell in love with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She loves that she is able to make her own schedule, manage her own time, and take as many cases
as she wants (and refuse the ones she doesn't). She loves being able to help people whether it is a
misdemeanor or a DUI; Kellie is on the spot to help. She says "it is empowering knowing that I can
help people when nobody else will. It is a good feeling to be the light in the dark for some people.
Everyone deserves a second chance; I know how it feels to be in your darkest hour and feel like
nobody is there to help you. So knowing that I'm serving the people who are in the dark gives me a
warm feeling inside". Kellie says that there are no setbacks to her career, she loves it and wouldn't
trade it for the

Summary Of Killers Of The Flower Moon
Killers of the Flower Moon, by David Grann is a well written book that shows an American event
that many do not know of. Being about three hundred pages long, the true story tells of a series of
murders– now called 'The Reign of Terror'– which took place in Osage county, Oklahoma, during
the 1920s, and 1930s. It also shows how these murders were presumably solved, and how it affected
Oklahoma and America as a whole. The Killers of the Flower Moon is well researched, it gives
much accurate, in depth information on the subject, as well as being an overall interesting book. The
Killers of the Flower Moon begins by telling about a women named Mollie Burkhart and her family.
She had several sisters, a mother and was married to a White man named Ernest Burkhart– they of
course would later become heavily involved with these crimes. Mollie was an Osage Indian, and
like the rest of her tribe, she was extremely rich. The Osage, after being forced to move to
Oklahoma on a land presumed to be worthless, had discovered oil and managed to get rights to it,
which lead to them having much money. The crime begins when Molly's sister: Rita, was found shot
in the head. Only days earlier, another Indain was shot, and was there was good evidence that he
was shot by same murderer. Police and federal investigators were baffled by these crimes, and
eventually ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It underlines the overall racism at that time, and how these Indians were treated. Many of the local
and state police would not take the killings seriously, and when Hale and Ernest Burkhart were
brought to court, many of the people in the jury would not want to sentence a white man to prison
for killing an Indian. Furthermore, these two men, who had been involved in killing many people,
were released just years after they were put in prison. This would not have happened if the victims
were

Oklahoma Organic Act Essay
ALLOTMENT
Oklahoma Organic Act
The Oklahoma Organic Act (a series of legislative acts) was passed on May 2, 1890. This officially
created Oklahoma Territory, which at the time excluded the lands occupied by the Five Civilized
Tribes. This created an issue and caused a reorganization that allowed the combination for
Oklahoma Territory with Indian Territory.15 Section 29 of the Organic Act stated, "that part of the
United States which is bounded on the north by the state of Kansas, on the east by the states of
Arkansas and Missouri, on the south by the state of Texas, and on the west and north by the
Territory of Oklahoma . . . shall be known as the Indian Territory. United States courts were to
assume jurisdiction over civil cases other than those with tribal jurisdiction. Finally, the act gave
attention to Indian citizenship, stating that any member of any Indian tribe or nation residing in the
Indian Territory could apply to the United States court to become a citizen of the United States". The
implementation of the Oklahoma Organic Act set the stage for Oklahoma Statehood.
Osage Allotment Act / Act of June 28, 1906
As discussed earlier, the Osage Tribe was really unique in that they owned their land. This
ownership put them in a greater position than other tribes around them. The Osage Tribe did not
want to give up their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
to receive a quarterly distribution of funds derived from the Osage Mineral Estate. Headrights are
federally protected property rights. Currently, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) manages the Osage
Mineral Estates and reports that 25% of non–Osage Indians own headrights. The U.S. Department of
the Interior acting through the BIA's Osage Agency has the exclusive authority to collect funds from
Osage Minerals leases – Osage Nation entities do not have the authority to collect the funds from
the

Non Traditional Casting
One of the most prevalent racial issues in America today is the representation gap: in all realms of
society, from politics to music, there is scarcity of minorities in the public eye. As there has been in
other industries with a significant representation gap, Broadway is being pushed to diversify. This is
for two primary reasons: a social one, increasing representation of minorities and therefore
decreasing ignorance based racism in society, and an economic one, drawing in new, bigger
audiences by making productions more relatable to a more people. This has resulted in in
movements towards non–traditional and color–blind casting, or casting which disregards the
traditional race unless it is essential to the script.
However, this has faced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For any theatrical production to successfully entertain, it relies on suspension of disbelief. Giovanni
Frazzetto, in the peer reviewed journal Nature, writes, "In theater, suspension of disbelief hinges on
the switch between two realities– the set and the cast of actors, and the places and characters they
represent," (466). A show that intentionally creates a disconnect due to non–traditional casting could
potentially confuse an audience so they become to distracted to enjoy the show and suspend
disbelief. For example, a letter to the New York Times replying to the non–traditional casting of
Phylicia Rashad, an African American actor, shows a potential response to non–traditional casting:
"I am offended that Phylicia Rashad is playing a white woman's role in 'August: Osage County.' It
doesn't make sense that she would have white siblings and children. As brilliant as Ms. Rashad is,
the casting is off–kilter," (Fernandez). Producers, especially on Broadway where investments in a
show number in the millions, will logically make production decisions based on potential profits
(Bruinius). In an industry that traditionally has profited the most from Caucasian casts, it would take
a secondary motive to diversify or a belief that diversification is profitable for producers to regularly
use non–traditional

A Third Faction : Cherokee
A Third Faction: Cherokee in the Civil War
Nathan T Watson
Historical Methods
Dr. Dollar
November 21, 2014
When one thinks about the Civil War, we mostly think of America split in half and fighting to the
bitter end. While most of the fighting was indeed American against American, it is easy to forget
that there was a "foreign" power at play during this conflict. The Native Americans also had a stake
in this war. Though they were confined to the Indian Territory, they knew conflict on their lands was
all but inevitable, and the realization of this conflict in turn caused conflict of its own. These Native
tribes had three options, all of which with pros and cons. They could do their best to remain neutral,
join the Union, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pike was initially successful with the Five Civilized Tribes, except for the Cherokee Nation. The
Cherokee had been forcefully removed from their homes in Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee,
and the tribe still resented the South for their unfair treatment. A rift in the upper ranks of the
Cherokee nation stalled and weakened their joining with the confederacy. This schism was between
the "mixed bloods" and "full bloods". "Mixed bloods" were the educated, intelligent, prosperous
Cherokee. Their parentage, as implied by their name, are both White and Cherokee. They are deeply
hated by the "full bloods", whose parentage was pure. This hatred is due mostly because of how the
"mixed bloods" responded to Indian Removal. They knew that trying to fight against the United
States government would be a futile endeavor, and even though their homes in the South, they
quietly agreed and moved to the Indian Territory. "Full bloods" bitterly opposed removal, and hated
their "mixed blood" counterparts for complying with removal.
The head of the Cherokee Nation at this time was Chief John Ross, who led the faction of "full
blood" Cherokee. Chief Ross served this position from 1828 to 1866, so he led his people through
both the Indian Removal and the Civil War. Despite his affiliation with the "full bloods" Ross was

Analysis Of The Movie ' From Osage County '
August: Osage County starts out in a rough, dry plain in Oklahoma. Beverly and Violet are the
parents of three daughters–Barbara, Ivy, and Karen. After Barbara and Karen left, leaving Ivy to
tend to their parents, Beverly and Violet turned to booze and drugs to get through their miserable
days. After the disappearance of Beverly, Barbara returned to her parent's home with her husband
and daughter. The death and funeral of their father brought the three sisters home to their mother,
who thanks to the pills she is taking, caused her to have an acid–tongue, and inevitable everyone's
deepest darkest secrets come out causing the whole family to fall apart. The unhealthy trait Beverly
possessed was drinking. He drank away his problems or so he thought. Ultimately, his drinking lead
to his death. Violet, on the other hand, had multiple unhealthy traits that surfaced throughout the
entire movie. Violet, who was suffering from mouth cancer, turned to drugs to get through all of her
heartache and pain. Due to her addiction, her foul mouth grew worse. Violet's foul mouth and
Beverly's drinking led to some serious communication problems. They could not pick up on serious
points within the conversation and their communication appeared to be more like mockery between
the two. This type of communication in not healthy. A healthy relationship's communication allows
them to support, understand, and empathize with whom they are speaking too. However, Violet
continuously mad–mouthed her

History Of The Osage Tribe
ABORIGINAL AREAApproximately 700 BC, the Osage tribe started in the Ohio and Mississippi
river valley (extending into present–day Kentucky). The Osage Tribe has been in North America for
thousands of years, but French explorers first discovered them around 1675. It is thought that they
are descendants of various cultures of indigenous people. After the 16th century, the tribe migrated
west of the Mississippi when wars with the Iroquois tribe over hunting lands occurred. The word
Osage is a French variation of the tribe's name, "which can roughly be translated as 'warlike'." In the
early 19th century, the Osage Nation, which comprised two bands, the Great Osage and the Little
Osage, had a population of about 5,500 when they were forcibly

Summary Of ' Broken Promises '
Broken Promises Nebraska was home to many Native Americans, including the Ponca tribe, who
took great pride of their homeland. Many people think the Ponca tribe was once a part of the
Omaha, Osage, Kansa, and Quaqaw tribe. These five tribes lived in an area east of the Mississippi
River. No one knows the exact date of their separation or why they had separated, but it was
believed to be as early at 1390, and as late as 1750. The Ponca tribe was never a very large tribe. In
1789 the Ponca was living near the mouth of the Niobrara River. Around this time, the tribe took a
fall and had suffered from a smallpox epidemic. When Lewis and Clark had arrived, they only
averaged them with 200 people in 1804, but by 1874, they were back up to 733 ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the Sioux figured out that they now had a chance to push the Ponca's out of Indian Territory,
that's just what they did. They took their crops, horses, and gave many threats towards them. The
third most famous war called the Great Sioux war began in 1876. Although the U.S. government had
won the war, it still didn't mean they would stop pleasing the Sioux. The U.S. government gave what
was left of the Ponca land to the Sioux. The treaty they made with the Ponca's was completely
broken. They cheated the Ponca Indians, and they were furious. In January 1877, Edward C. Kemble
asked the Ponca's to let him speak during church service. He told them that the government had
given their fields and farm to the Sioux for a greater purpose. He also told them that they be getting
new virgin lands in Indian Territory (present–day Oklahoma). By this time the there only 738 Ponca
Indians in the tribe, which meant they were not much of a force to the federal government. On
February 2, 1877 the Ponca trail of Tears began. Edward C. Kemble, Standing Bear, and nine other
Ponca leaders went to the Osage reservation in Indian Territory to pick a spot for the new Ponca
Reservation. Standing Bear, White Eagle and the others were not impressed by the bad soil, heat,
and the humidity. They told Kemble that they weren't going to bring their people to this land, and
they wanted to go back home. Kemble was

Freshwater Mussel and Water Quality: a Review of the...
Proceedings of the First Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, 1999, pages 261–
274 © 2000 Ohio Biological Survey Freshwater mussels and water quality: A review of the effects
of hydrologic and instream habitat alterations G. Thomas Watters1 Ohio Biological Survey and
Aquatic Ecology Laboratory; 1315 Kinnear Road, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212
ABSTRACT: Hydraulic impacts represent a suite of habitat alterations that, although having
different causes, often have similar methods of affecting the mussel fauna. For instance, logging and
channelization are very different disturbances, but both generate sediments. These “hydraulic
impacts” thus overlap each other to one degree or another. I have attempted to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A survey in 1970 of the reservoir found four mussel species. Prior to its impoundment, Ortmann
(1918) reported 64 species from the same general area. In addition, the 1970 survey found mussels
primarily on flooded preimpoundment land (overbank), not in the original river channel habitat. This
probably was due to critically depleted oxygen levels in the channel. Elsewhere, during construction
of the Nickajack Dam, the Tennessee River was dewatered at the construction site (Isom 1972).
Seventeen species were found. Ortmann (1925) had found 25, for a cumulative total of 33 species
reported for this reach. Missing in the latter survey were many endangered and rare species.
Whether this was due to the presence of the Hales Bar Dam, 6.4 miles upstream, or other causes was
not known. It may be argued that mussel faunal composition changes over time whether dams are
built or not. However, Parmalee et al. (1982) documented a fauna that remained essentially
unchanged for several millennia until impounded by a dam. The Chickamauga Reservoir of the
Tennessee River supported 46 species for perhaps 2,000 years prior to impoundment. After
impoundment, 28 species were 262 extirpated, and several are now extinct. Five species, mainly
soft–substrate tolerant taxa, have invaded the reservoir. Four original species that survived the
impoundment also have increased in abundance. Mussel diversity has declined from 64 species to
30 in the upper Chickamauga

From The Plains And The City
From the Plains to the City The depth of a play comes largely from its context and how the piece
intertwines with the environment in which it takes place. All tragedies take a direct impact by their
setting, which inconspicuously performs a significant role in the compositions. In Tracy Letts'
August: Osage County, the Weston family must confront their past and present in a claustrophobic
house during the scorching heat of summer in the Oklahoman Plains. In Tony Kushner's Angles in
America, the AIDS epidemic is rampant and the effects are seen across all spectrums in the
American society, while keeping up with the fast pace and intricacies of New York City. Essentially
location influences the plays, which steers them thematically and stylistically. Letts slowly builds a
dismal atmosphere in the confinement of a household that correlates to the bleakness of the Plains
while Kushner creates a melting pot of political, social, and religious criticism in an action packed
drama in a bustling city. The prologue of August: Osage County is in charge of setting the somber
mood for the play. On the outskirts of the small town of Pawhuska, Oklahoma is where the Weston
family reluctantly reunites after the death of its patriarch, Beverly. The house is depicted as more
than a century old, showing signs of neglect that make it appear stuck in time. Letts describes the
premise as a hoarder's paradise, scattered with books, papers, and random paraphernalia. The
windows have been covered

Betty Marie The Osage Firebird
In the story The Osage Firebird, Betty Marie wants to be a ballerina. The structure of the text is
based on the ideas that were in this passage. The passage describes the girl that wants to be a
ballerina but has some challenges to face before she is a professional ballerina. Some of this story
deals with the background of the girl. She is a Native American and because she is a Native
American, people treat her differently because she comes from a different culture than others. They
even pick on her because of her last name. This passage as a whole is developed in a sense that you
have to work your way up for what you want to accomplish. Now the story of Betty Marie.
In 1925, Betty Marie had a passion for ballet. She has always

Osage Reign Of Terror Essay
Under the shade of a stately elm tree, Colonel E. Walters assisted in the making of millions. As the
official auctioneer of the Osage Nation, he had primarily dealt in cattle and real estate exchanges,
but by 1920, a new commodity dominated the auctions held adjacent to the Osage Indian Agency in
Pawhuska, Oklahoma. The discovery of oil beneath the rolling hills of the Osage Reservation in
northern Oklahoma generated tremendous profits for the tribe, and made the reservation one of the
highest concentrations of wealth in the world. Between 1910 and 1930, the Osage accumulated more
wealth from "black gold" than was produced by all nineteenth–century American gold rushes
combined. But for the Osage, untold wealth also brought untold horror. The May 1921 discovery of
Anna Brown's corpse in an Osage County ravine marked the beginning of what has been called the
"Osage Reign of Terror." The Osage Reign of Terror was a series of murders through which non–
Osages attempted to obtain the mineral headrights of deceased Osages. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
FBI inquiries into the slayings implicated area cattleman William K. Hale, the self–appointed "King
of the Osage Hills," as the Bureau's primary suspect. In 1929, Hale was convicted of orchestrating
one of the Osage murders and imprisoned at the federal penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas. The
period known as the Osage Reign of Terror provides an opportunity to examine the evolution of
United States federal policy toward Native American tribes during the twentieth century, and also
illustrates the ramifications of federal policies when implemented at the tribal

Clams Are Great Pollution Detectors By Susan Linville
In the past, clams have been used to locate sources of pollution in bodies of water. They get their
food, as well as performing gas exchange, through the process of filter feeding (Linville). This
entails taking water inside of their shells and filtering it through their gills to trap food particles and
exchange gas (Linville). When doing this, they bring in the food particles they need to survive and
have the potential to bring in other materials such as toxic substances or pollutants (Linville). This
also allows for the clams to clean the water, improving water quality (Stanford). When the clams
bring in these substances, scientists are able to then analyze the tissue of the gills and find out which
substances they brought in. This ability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Air stripping removes contaminants by pumping contaminated water and evaporating the bad
chemicals. However, it can take up to a year to have any effect on cleaning the water (Safewater).
Activated carbon filtration bring pollutants through its system and collects them, but it needs to be
changed frequently, have the possibility of taking a long time to work, and are very expensive
(Safewater). Bioremediation is using microorganism to digest contaminants, but again has the
possibility of taking a long time, yet is very inexpensive (Safewater). Phytoremediation involves
using plants and trees to remove contaminants with their roots and is all natural, but it takes a very
long time and the various plants or trees that are introduced can have negative effects on the
ecosystems (Safewater). Wetlands and algae is similar to phytoremediation and is already used in
wetland habitats for the same purpose of pollution removal. Lastly, chemical oxidation uses oxidants
to change harmful chemicals into less harmful chemicals in a semi–timely manner, but it is
expensive. Comparatively, Asiatic clams are easy to collect due to their prominence in many bodies
of water from past human transport and easy to

The Economy Of Oklahoma During Early Statehood
The economy of Oklahoma during early statehood, from the period 1907 to 1929 can be divided into
two main economic sectors: the economy from the land and the economy from beneath the land.
Both of the economic activities have driven and shaped Oklahoma's history from statehood to now.
Although through most of Oklahoma's history the state's economy has been an extractive economy
using the resources from the land and exporting the raw products out of the state for modest, yet
profitable returns.
As the United States grew in the beginning of the 20th century the demand for meat was always
needed. Fortunately for the young state of Oklahoma the prairie lands of the Great Plains were a
perfect area to feed the numerous heads of animals sent to the butchers that fed America. In 1907,
there were 1,206,800 animals within Oklahoma; nearly all farmers in every country of Oklahoma
raised hogs (Goins and Goble, 171). Oklahoma's ranching economy changed in the youthful years of
statehood as the profession of ranching became more commercialized with intent to maximize the
meat per hoof, which would increase the profit margins (Baird and Goble, 194). One way the
ranchers maximized the meat per hoof was the replacement of Spanish breed longhorn cattle for the
heartier English breed, Hereford (Baird and Goble, 194). "Herefords were raised in such numbers
that many referred to Oklahoma as 'Hereford Heaven' (Goins and Goble 172)". As mentioned before
plains of Oklahoma were ideal for grazing

Topdog And August: Osage County: Play Analysis
In their own way, the plays Topdog/Underdog, August: Osage County, and Art all show the reader
that some amount of possibly insane behavior is inevitable in a long–lasting relationship involving
family members or close friends. Furthermore, these plays even suggest that these borderline crazy
actions may be necessary in order to obtain desired outcomes within those relationships. All three of
these plays look at the lives of people who have strong ties to one another, whether it be due to
choice or a sense of obligation. Topdog/Underdog and August: Osage County both deal with familial
relationships, while Art looks at relationships involving long–time friends. Although the
relationships are different in this aspect, they all share a similar ... Show more content on
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Even though Booth feels as though he has finally gained an advantage over Lincoln in three–card
monte, Lincoln proves otherwise by beating him yet again. "Thought you was uh Player. But I
played you, bro," Lincoln says, suggesting that has been in control the entire time (Parks 107). After
losing and forfeiting the money given to him by his mother, Booth enters into a craze, revealing to
his brother that he has killed Grace and making it clear that Lincoln may be next. Ultimately, in his
fit of madness, Booth does kill Lincoln. While many factors likely led to this ending, perhaps the
most prominent is Booth's desire to be in control in the relationship. Although Booth thinks he is in
control by nearly beating Lincoln in three–card monte, he soon finds out otherwise after his loss.
Booth finally does feel power over Lincoln, however, after making it clear that he is a danger to him
shortly before killing him. Booth exclaims, "Think you can fuck with me, motherfucker think again
motherfucker think again," indicating that he is in control and plans to keep it that way (Parks 109).
This reveals to the audience that Booth's moment of madness has been brought about largely by his
need to gain power over

The Role Of Family In Tracy Letts August: Osage County
Tracy Letts August: Osage County is a modern drama that epitomizes the role of honesty in
relationships. Despite the overall complexities of the play, the magnified lens that Letts focuses on
family interactions helps readers distinguish what is keeping the relationship between family
members intact. In this case, it is that the Weston family lies to themselves and each other to
preserve and maintain love. August: Osage County depicts that love is not based on honesty. The
characters work hard to arrange their environment in a way that distorts reality. The two recluse
elderly inhabitants, Beverly and Violet, deliberately cover the windows with "cheap plastic shades "
(10) and duct tape to shield themselves from," outside light " (15). This results in a household that
seems "dead " and neglected, to the naked eye (10). However, the houses metamorphosis is what
preserves the livelihood and routine of Beverly and Violet. Because it is difficult to "differentiate
between day and night" in the house, time, an "outside" force, does not progress (15). Thus, the
darkness of the house quells fears of reality such as aging and abandonment that haunt Violet
throughout the play. Moreover, the constant darkness enhances the ability to be self reflective,
however, because it never becomes "day" in their home, the two never act upon their thoughts,
leaving problems unresolved and emotional needs unanswered(15). However, their solitude keeps
them together. Interestingly, Violet "does

Police Brutality And Its Effects
Police brutality is a phenomena that is documented throughout a myriad of societies from Russia,
China, Indonesia, Palestine, Egypt to the United States. Police brutality is the use of force which
exceeds what is needed in order to accomplish a legal police purpose.Throughout America 's history,
minorities, specifically Black people, have been the disproportionate target of police brutality.
Amnesty International has documented several examples of police brutality, including instances of
beatings, unjustified shootings, and excessively forceful detention methods which merit concern
(Amnesty 1999).The pervasiveness of police shootings of citizens has been widely publicized in the
media and stresses the fact that this is a national problem. While these occurrences are relatively
infrequent the lack of any solution or way to minimize brutality has been an ongoing criticism by
citizens and others of the United States' police force. The term "excessive force" is utilized
frequently, although there is no concrete definition of this term as it is subjective (Police Use of
Excessive Force in Minority Communities). The use of force is either appropriate or excessive
depending on if the use of force is necessary and justified for the officer to complete his job (Police
Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities). The use of deadly force is justified by law if the
officer feels he or others are under imminent threat. There are many high profile cases of the use of
excessive and

Realism in Theatre Essay
The theatrical plays of "Angels in America" and "August: Osage County" both of the playwrights
create a heart wrenching, tear jerking, and amazing work. Each character is developed to have its
own sets of values, beliefs, and attitudes towards life and so there are no two characters alike. With
each character having its own identity, it brings a sense of excitement and unpredictability in the
plays. Tracy Letts the writer for "August: Osage County" establishes a sense of reality in his play by
developing characters that everyone can relate too. His play is about family, the use of drugs, cancer,
and suicide, subjects that people go through during their lifetime. Tony Kushner the playwright of
"Angels in America" provides the same feeling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though the actors are well rehearsed when it comes to moving around the stage, they do it so
effortlessly that it's not a distraction for the audience. The movement of actors may be considered a
small thing, but it's what make a play realistic or not. For a realistic play, the way the actors behave
makes it seem they are not worried about the audience and being in their way. They talk, walk and
act in a manner similar to that of our everyday behavior. In "August: Osage County" the actors are
so believable that we as spectators forget it's a play but rather seeing a glimpse into someone's
family. The realistic play of "August: Osage County" has everyone relating to someone or
something during the course of the production. The topics of cancer, marijuana, molestation, drug
addiction, and much more have audience members connecting to these characters in a way that a
play has never done before. This play is considered a dark comedy and it has people experiencing
both laughter and discomfort, sometimes simultaneously (Black Comedy). They address topics that
are taboo in society, issues that theatrical plays never dream of dedicating an entire show to. Tracy
Letts is a fierce writer who doesn't back away from subject matters that are controversial and not the
norm for a traditional play. The topic of prescription drug abuse engulfs the entire

The Glass Menegerie vs August Osage County
Patel 1
The More Dysfunctions, The More Escapes
The Wingfields and Westons are both inimitable families who carry distinctive traits and
characteristics. In the play, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams portrays a southern family in
the 1930 's trying to deal with life 's pressures, and their own fears after their husband and father
deserts them. In the play, August: Osage County, Tracy Letts depicts a large eccentric family who
come together after the death of the patriarch, Beverly, and try to triumph over the obstacles in life.
Unhealthy and detrimental relationships among family members are ample between the two
families. The Wingfield and Weston families are both trapped by their own dysfunctions, which
force ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amanda sees the fire
Patel 4 escape as an opportunity for gentleman callers to enter their lives. Laura's view is different
from her mother and her brother; her escape seems to be hiding inside the apartment. Also, the
Westons are trapped in their homes and can't seem to escape. They don't all live together, but are
brought together as one due to the death of the patriarch, Beverly. Every member of the Weston
family has their differences. They endure many problems as they live with one another. An
indication of incarceration is when Violet tapes the shades and lets nobody opens them. Charlie
questions Mattie Fae about the situation, "This business with the shades, taping the shades?" (Letts
20) As soon as the family members see that they can break away from the house, they leave as soon
as they can. Even though the family is brought together, they are all happier with their individual
lives away from the family.
Lastly, facing the truth can be challenging and exigent for certain people. In this case, Amanda
Wingfield is not aware of the truth and repeatedly nags and aggravates her children. Amanda
stipulates Tom to comb his hair, as she says, "Comb your hair! You look so pretty when your hair is
combed." (Williams 38) Amanda mainly bothers Tom about finding a gentleman caller for Laura,
she feels that Laura is lonely and needs a companion in order to be happy and pleased in life. Also,
she
Patel 5 thinks that Laura will not be secure and

Betty Marie Tallcheif: The Firebird
Betty Marie Tallcheif changed her life forever when she decided she wanted to be a ballerina. In her
career as a ballet dancer she discovered how to mix her heritage with her talents of dancing. If you
didn't already know her she is most famously known for her piece she did called, The FireBird. She
achieved the unbelievable for her tribe and represents them well. She even received awards but that's
another story.
A Native American girl was gifted with the ability to dance. At four years old she started lessons on
ballet. She was determined to be a great ballerina. Everyone in her tribe saw her as "naturally
gifted". She saw herself as a typical Indian girl and spent part of her childhood on an Osage
reservation in Oklahoma.

Comanche Indians Essay
COMANCHE INDIANS
The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role
in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the
Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely
equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches'
Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto–Aztecan linguistic family and is
virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth
century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition ... Show more content on
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As many as thirteen different, Comanche bands were identified during the historic period, and most
probably there were others that were never identified. However, five major bands played important
roles in recorded Comanche history.
The southernmost band was called Penateka, or "Honey Eaters." Their range extended
from the Edwards Plateau to the headwaters of the Central Texas rivers. Because of their location,
the Penatekas played the most prominent role in Texas history. North Of Penateka, country was the
habitat of the band called Nokoni, or "Those Who Turn Back." The Nokonis roamed
from the Cross Timbers region of North Texas to the mountains of New Mexico. Two smaller bands,
the Tanima ("Liver–Eaters") and the Tenawa ("Those Who Stay
Downstream"), shared the range of the Nokonis. These three divisions are sometimes referred
to collectively as Middle Comanches. Still farther north was the range of the Kotsotekas, or
"Buffalo–Eaters." Their territory covered what is now western Oklahoma, where they
often camped along the Canadian River. The northernmost band was known as the Yamparikas, or
"Yap–Eaters," a name derived from that of an edible root. Their range extended north to
the Arkansas River. The fifth major band, known as Quahadis ("Antelopes"), roamed the high plains
of the Llano Estacado.
FOODS

Review Of Red Earth: Race And Agriculture In Oklahoma...
In Red Earth: Race and Agriculture in Oklahoma Territory, Bonnie Lynn–Sherow gives an in–depth
agricultural and racial account of the Oklahoma Territory settlement focusing on African Americans,
white settlers, and Native Americans after the land rush. Throughout the book, Lynn–Sherow depicts
the Oklahoma Territory from the first Oklahoma land rush in 1889 to the year before it became a
state, 1906. Lynn–Sherow puts emphasis on three specific counties in Oklahoma Territory that are
identified with each of the three groups of people previously mentioned. The counties include Logan
County, Blaine County, and Caddo County. The sources used throughout Red Earth, which include
oral accounts, aid in her explanation by explaining how different life ... Show more content on
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In Red Earth, it is explained that the white settlers stole horses from the Kiowas and the Kiowas
expected the whites to be punished. Lynn–Sherow gives an account of how the white settlers and
Kiowa Indians were not treated equally but one better than the other. General Sheridan told the
Indians that when white people commit crimes they are punished, so if the Indians commit crimes
they will also be punished. That did not occur as it should have when an Indian came up to Sheridan
and explained that there was a group of Utes, Osages, and some others that killed some of his
warriors; Sheridan responded saying that he did not have anything to say about that matter. Lynn–
Sherow also mentions that whites would dress up like Indians and steal from other whites and
Mexicans so the blame can be placed on the neighboring

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