Construction phases,Term used in construction, Responsiblities of stakeholders, duties, boq, terms and condition, tendering process, bim

1. NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

4. PLANING/PRE-PLANING PHASE
DESIGN PHASE
PRE-CONSTRUCTUCTION
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
POST CONSTRUCTION/CLOSE OUT
PHASE

5.  CLIENT
 CONSULTANT
 CONTRUCTOR

6.  CLIENT IS AN IMPORTANT PERSON IN
CONSTRUCTION
 CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO INVEST MONEY
 CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO OWN THE PROJECT
 CLIENT LOOK AFTER PROJECT FROM STARTING TO
END

7.  CONSULTANT IS A PROFESSIONAL WHO PROVIDE
PROFESSIONAL OR EXPERT ADVICE
 CLIENT CONTACT WITH CONSULTANT DIRECTLY FOR
HIS/HER PROJECT.
 CONSULTANT IS A CONNECTING ROPE BETWEEN
CLIENT AND CONTRACTOR.
 CONSULTANT PREPARE DRAWINGS, DOCUMENTS AND
SPECIFICATIONS

8.  CONTRACTOR IS AN EXPERT OR PROFESSIONAL IN
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS WHO PLAY A LEADING ROLE
DURING CONSTRUCTION.
 CONTRACTOR IS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH
CONSULTANT.
 CONTRACTOR COME INTO PLAY FROM THE INTIAL
STAGE UPTO THE LAST STAGE.
 CONTRACTOR CAN BE SOMETIMES CONSULTANT ALSO.

9. CLIENT
• IDEA
CONSULTANT
• DOCUMENTS
• DRAWINGS
• TENDER
NOTICE
CONTRACTOR
• PRIME
CONTRACTOR
• SUB
CONTRACTOR

10. PLANNING
 ANY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT STARTS WITH THE
DESIRE OF CLIENT/OWNER.
 MASTER PLAN CREATE AND SIGNED OFF BY
OWNER.

11.  MASTER PLAN INCLUDE FUNCTION, SIZE,
ECONOMIC REQUIREMENT OF PROJECT, ALSO
INCLUDE TIME DURATION AND ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY (PROJECT BUDGET AND FINANCING).
 SITE SELECTION.

13.  CLIENT CONTACT CONSULTANT FOR DESIGNING
OF THE PROJECT.
 ARCHITECT/ENGINEER TAKES THE LEAD IN
DESIGN.
 ARCHITECT DESIGN 2D AND 3D DRAWINGS AND
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PROJECT.
 HERE ARCHITECT PREPARES BILL OF QUANTITY.

14.  CONSTRUCTION PROCESS INITIATE WITH THE
AWARDING OF PROJECT TO THE CONTRACTOR.
 CONTRACTOR IN THIS PHASE IS A KEY PLAYER.
 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CARRY ON UNLESS
THE HANDLING OF PROJECT TO OWNER.

15.  BIM is essentially "the process of generating and managing
information about a building during its entire life cycle".

17. “BIDDING IS AN OFFER (OFTEN COMPETITIVE) OF
SETTING A PRICE ONE IS WILLING TO PAY FOR
SOMETHING OR A DEMAND THAT SOMETHING BE
DONE. A PRICE OFFER IS CALLED A BID.”

18.  BOND
A TYPE OF SURETY BOND USED BY
INVESTORS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS TO
PROTECT AGAINST AN ADVERSE EVENT THAT
CAUSES DISRUPTIONS, FAILURE TO
COMPLETE THE PROJECT DUE TO
INSOLVENCY OF THE BUILDER(S), OR THE
JOB'S FAILURE TO MEET CONTRACT
SPECIFICATIONS.

19. BID-BOND
SECURITY BOND
EARNEST MONEY

20.  BOQ
A BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ) IS A DOCUMENT USED
IN TENDERING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN
WHICH MATERIALS, PARTS, AND LABOR (AND THEIR
COSTS) ARE ITEMIZED.

21.  QUALITY ASSURANCE
ASSURANCE OF QUALITY OF MATERIAL ETC BY
SUPPLIER.
 CONTRACT
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT IS SIMPLY MUTUAL
OR LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT BETWEEN
TWO PARTIES BASED ON CERTAIN POLICIES AND
CONDITIONS GENERALLY RECORDED IN
DOCUMENTATION FORM. THE TWO PARTIES
INVOLVED ARE OWNER AND CONTRACTOR.

24.  AN INVITATION IS BEING SEND TO THE BIDDERS IN
THE FORM OF TENDER NOTICE EITHER BY THE
SENDING AN INVITATION LETTER OR BY GIVING AN
ADVERTISEMENT IN THE NEWS PAPER OR ON THE
WEBSITE.
 THE INTERESTED BIDDERS MUST NEED TO DEPOSIT
SOME MONEY IN ORDER TO TAKE THE VOLUMES
FROM THE CLIENT OR CONSULTANT. THIS MONEY IS
USUALLY 25000 Rupees.

25.  NORMALLY PEC HAS 3 VOLUMES FOR BOQ.
 VOLUME 1
 VOLUME 2
 VOLUME 3
 BUT SOME FIRM USES VOLUME 4 AS WELL.
 VOLUME 4

26.  CONDITION OF CONTRACT
 INVITATION LETTER
 INSTRUCTION TO BIDDER
 BIDDING DATA
 IT HAS DIFFERENT APPENDIX'S AND APPENDIX D
IS OF BOQ.
 GCC IS ALSO THE PART OF V₁.

27.  TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 MATERIAL
 SOIL REPORT
 SECTION DETAIL

28.  DRAWINGS
 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
 STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

29.  IT HAS EHS (ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SAFETY)
GUIDELINES
 WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
 PI (PROJECT INSTRUCTION)

30.  USUALLY THE LOWEST RESPONSIBLE BIDDER IS
AWARDED THE PROJECT.
NOC: NOC MEANS NO OBJECTION
CERTIFICATE. AN NOC DATE IS GIVEN TO THE
CONTRACTOR WHICH MEANS HE HAVE TO
START HIS WORK UPON THE NOC DATE.

32.  ACTING AS THE OWNER'S
REPRESENTATIVE OR AGENT
 PROJECT PLANNING AND
RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROJECT
DELIVERY
 CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEWS
 VALUE ENGINEERING
 DEVELOPING SCHEDULES

34.  ESTABLISHING WORKING BUDGETS
 CONSULTING ON DESIGN, UTILITY AND
BUILDING COSTS
 REVIEWING CONTRACTOR
QUALIFICATIONS
 MONITORING CONTRACTOR AND
DESIGN TEAM PERFORMANCE
 CONSTRUCTION PHASE SERVICES
 QUALITY CONTROL
 LITIGATION SUPPORT

36.  CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
PROVIDING ALL OF THE MATERIAL, LABOR,
EQUIPMENT (SUCH AS ENGINEERING
VEHICLES AND TOOLS) AND SERVICES
NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
PROJECT.

37.  GENERAL CONTRACTOR HIRES
SPECIALIZED SUBCONTRACTORS TO PERFORM ALL
OR PORTIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION WORK.
 HEALTH AND SAFETY

38.  RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE APPLYING
FOR
 BUILDING PERMITS.
 SECURING THE PROPERTY.
 PROVIDING TEMPORARY UTILITIES ON SITE.
 MANAGING PERSONNEL ON SITE.

39.  PROVIDING SITE SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING.
 DISPOSING OR RECYCLING OF CONSTRUCTION
WASTE.
 MONITORING SCHEDULES AND CASH FLOWS.
 MAINTAINING ACCURATE RECORDS.

40.  A joint venture (JV) is a business agreement in which
the parties agree to develop, for a finite time, a new entity
and new assets by contributing equity.
 They exercise control over the enterprise and consequently
share revenues, expenses and assets.
 when two or more persons come together to form
a temporary partnership for the purpose of carrying out
a particular project, such partnership can also be called a
joint venture where the parties are "co-venturers".

41. Topographic survey:
It helps to locate the NSL with the MSL reference
Clearing and grubbing:
Clearing and grubbing process occur on the Natural Surface Level
(NSL) then to achieve NGL(Natural Ground Level) the compaction
of NSL is carried out.
FDT:
Field density test of the soil is then took place which is the
compaction of embankment layers and this test is done for each layer
separately.

42. Problems face by the contractor
during construction:
There might be a number of problems e.g.
•Strikes
•Shortage of fuel
•Equipment’s failure
•Weather conditions
•Any mishap on field
The contractor must need to report the consultant in case of any
work delay.

43. Project Inspector:
Meanwhile, member of the consultant always remain on site for the
quality assurance and monitoring of safety factors. The QA/QC and
EHS are also the contractor’s responsibility .Before the starting of
any new work the contractor is bound to have a consultant’s sign on
the check request. Without his permission no work can be started
on the field. He only signs the check request after all the test results
comes positive and when he is completely satisfied by the
contractor’s work.
The IPC Reports:
There might be a number of IPC reports. IPC stands for In-
term Payment Certificate. It’s the demand of money by the
contractor to the client after the completion of the amount of
work mentioned in the contract.

44. • Substantial completion
• Once the project is sufficiently complete, the contractor will ask
the architect to conduct a substantial completion inspection to
confirm that the work is complete in most respects.
• Contractor implies that the work is complete enough for the owner
to occupy the facility and start using it, even though there might be
cosmetic and minor work yet to be completed.
• Punch list
• List of incomplete portions of the work (to be completed)
• The punch list, which is prepared by the contractor, is used by the
engineer as a checklist to review all work, not merely the incomplete
portions of the work.

45. Post-Construction (Project
Closeout) Phase:
• Certificate of final completion:
• After the contractor carries out all the corrective work
identified during the substantial completion inspection and so
informs the architect, the architect (with the assistance of the
consultants) carries out the final inspection of the project.
• If the final inspection passes, certification for final payment is
issued by the architect, which entitles the contractor to receive
the final payment from the owner.

46. Record documents (As‐built documents)):
• Minor changes are often made during the construction of a
project.
• Changes must be recorded for the benefit of the owner should
the owner wish to alter or expand the building in the future.