seminar report on mechanical designing software/tools/AUTOCAD/CATIA/CAM/ANSYS etc

1. A SEMINAR REPORT ON MECHANICAL
DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS
GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY, GUNUPUR
( MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT )
SUBMITTED BY:
MAHAMMAD NAWAB
ROLL NO.- 12ME041
REG. NO. - 1201210822
GIET,GUNUPUR

2. ( MECHANICAL ENGINEERING )
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Here, I would like to extent my heartfelt obligation to the following
person for their sincere help and co-operation during the seminar
presentation without whose help this report would never have been
completed.
Much credit and heartfelt thanks is owed to HOD (head of department)
of my institution GIET, GUNUPUR for encouraging and allowing me
to present the topic “MECHANICAL DESIGNING
SOFTWARE/TOOLS” at the seminar held at our department
premises for the fulfillment of requirements leading to the award of B-
Tech degree.
I also want to thank our department of in charge Prof. Dr. Kali Charan
Rath. I am extremely grateful and indebted to him for his expert,
sincere and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to me.
Last but not the least I want to thank all my friends for giving me a
helping hand whenever needed and for making the seminar a grand
success.
MAHAMMAD NAWAB
Roll No-12ME041
Reg. No- 1201210822

3. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CONTENTS
1.ABSTRACT
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.What is Design
2.2.TYPES OF DESIGN
2.3.What Is Designing Software/Tools
3.WHAT ARE DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS
4.AUTO-CAD (AUTOMATIC COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN )
4.1.Uses CAD
4.2.CAD Technology
5.CAM (COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING)
5.1.Typical Areas Of Concern
5.2.Machining Process
6. CAM(COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING)
6.1.Uses Of CIM
7. CATIA (COMPUTER AIDED THREE-DIMENSIONAL
INTERACTIVE APPLICATION)
7.1.Scope Of Application
8. ANSYS(ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM)
8.1.Types Of ANSYS
8.2.ANSYS Application
9. MATLAB(MATRIX LABORATORY)
9.1.Typical Uses Include

4. 10. PRO-ENGINEER
10.1.Uses Of PRO-E
11. SOLIDWORKS
11.1.Modeling Method
11.2.File Format
11.3.SOLIDWORKS Application
12. ADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS
13. DISADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS
14. CONCLUSION
15. REFERENCES

5. 1. ABSTRACT
The mechanical designing software/tools are place very important role
in the field of design .The design sector has vast area of use in design
of component, aerospace, infrastructure, industrial purpose. Computer-
aided designing and drafting is the use of computer technology for
design and design documentation. CAD software replaces manual
drafting with an automated process.
If you work in the architecture, MEP, or structural
engineering fields, you’ve probably used 2D or 3D CAD programs.
These programs can help you explore design ideas, visualize concepts
through photorealistic renderings, and simulate how a design will
perform in the real world. AutoCAD software was the first CAD
program, and it is still the most widely used CAD application
Here in this report we are going to know about the mechanical
designing software and its advantages and how these softwares are
helpful in manufacturing industry and quicker rate of production.
However the cost of production may increases but we get more
accurate product with less wastages.
The designing tools and production drafting, greatly reducing the time
it takes to implement design changes and evaluate multiple scenarios. A

6. change made in one place instantly updates an entire project, helping
you complete projects faster, smarter, and more accurately. All team
members work from the same consistent, up-to-date model, so they stay
synchronized throughout all project phases.
Computer Aided Design-CAD is defined the use of information
technology (IT) in the Design process. A CAD system consists of IT
hardware (H/W), specialised software (S/W) (depending on the
particular area of application) and peripherals, which in certain
applications are quite specialised. The core of a CAD system is the
S/W, which makes use of graphics for product representation;
databases for storing the product model and drives the peripherals for
product presentation. Its use does not change the nature of the design
process but as the name states it aids the product designer. The designer
is the main actor in the process, in all phases from problem
identification to the implementation phase

7. 2 .INTRODUCTION
2.1.What Is Design?
 Design is the human power to conceive, plan, and realize
products that serve human beings in the accomplishment of any
individual or collective purpose.
 Usually considered in the context of applied arts , engineering,
architecture, and other creative endeavors. Design is the creation
of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a
system (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawings,
business processes, circuit diagrams and sewing patterns).[1]
Design has different connotations in different fields (see design
disciplines below). In some cases the direct construction of an
object (as in pottery, engineering, management, cowboy coding
and graphic design) is also considered to be design.
 Designing often necessitates considering the aesthetic, functional,
economic and sociopolitical dimensions of both the design object
and design process. It may involve considerable research, thought,
modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design. Meanwhile,
diverse kinds of objects may be designed, including clothing,
graphical user interfaces, skyscrapers, corporate identities,
business processes and even methods of designing.
 Thus "design" may be a substantive referring to a categorical
abstraction of a created thing or things (the design of something),
or a verb for the process of creation, as is made clear by
grammatical context.

8. 2.2:Types Of Design:
 Adaptive Design
 Development Design
 New Design
Adaptive Design:
In most cases, the designer’s work is concerned with adaptation of
existing designs. This type of design needs no special knowledge or
skill and can be attempted by designers or ordinary technical training.
The designer only makes minor alternation or modification in the
existing designs of the product
Example: the commonly used standard-model car is manufactured in
different models to obtain high speed, style and various sizes. Similarly
the different models of watches, clocks, televisions etc. In this adaptive
design the initial product and final product are basically similar in their
structures.
Development Design:
This type of design needs considerable scientific training and design
ability in order to modify the existing designs into a new idea by
adapting a new material or different method of manufacture.
Example: For example, by imposing I.C Engine principle to a cycle,
motor cycle is invented. Similarly by combining the properties of some
electronic goods, electronic watches are designed, then the motor
cycles and electronic watches are developed designers. The final
product in developed design may differ quite markedly from the initial
product.

9. New Design:
The type of design needs lot of research, technical ability and creative
thinking. Here, whatever be the product which has been designed in the
first time is coming under new design.
Example: inventions of cycle, airplane etc. was all considered as new
products (i.e. new designs) in their beginning period. Similarly, the
invention of any new product in future may also be considered as new
design.
2.3.What Is Designing Software/Tools:
Mechanical drafting is a specialist profession based on technical
drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) that concentrates on
blueprints of machines and machine components used by engineers.
Mechanical drafting courses can help students develop basic drafting
techniques, as well as knowledge of machine components and
manufacturing processes. Read on to explore some courses in detail.
3. WHAT ARE THE DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS:
AUTO-CAD
CAM
CIM
CATIA
ANSYS
MATLAB
PRO-E
SOLIDWORKS etc.
4.AUTO-CAD (AUTOMATIC COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN ):

10. computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or
optimization of a design.CAD software is used to increase the
productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve
communications through documentation, and to create a database for
manufacturing.CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for
print, machining, or other manufacturing operations.
Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and
designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the
user and the type of software in question.
CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD)
activity within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) processes,
and as such is used together with other tools, which are either
integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as:

11.  Computer-aided engineering (CAE) and Finite element analysis
(FEA)
 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) including instructions to
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines
 Photo realistic rendering and Motion Simulation.
 Document management and revision control using Product Data
Management (PDM).
4.1.Uses CAD:
 Computer-aided design is used in many fields. Its use in designing
electronic systems is known as electronic design automation, or
EDA. In mechanical design it is known as mechanical design
automation (MDA) or computer-aided design (CAD), which
includes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use
of computer software.
 CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based
graphics to depict the objects of traditional drafting, or may also

12. produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of
designed objects. However, it involves more than just shapes. As
in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the
output of CAD must convey information, such as materials,
processes, dimensions, and tolerances, according to application-
specific conventions.
 CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-
dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-
dimensional (3D) space.
 CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many
applications, including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace
industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics, and
many more. CAD is also widely used to produce computer
animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical
manuals, often called DCC digital content creation. The modern
ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles
and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of
by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic
importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in
computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and
software), and discrete differential geometry.
 CAD is also used for the accurate creation of photo simulations
that are often required in the preparation of Environmental Impact
Reports, in which computer aided designs of intended buildings
are superimposed into photographs of existing environments to
represent what that locale will be like, where the proposed
facilities are allowed to be built. Potential blockage of view
corridors and shadow studies are also frequently analyzed through
the use of CAD.

13. 4.2. CAD Technology:
Originally software for Computer-Aided Design systems was
developed with computer languages such as Fortran, ALGOL but with
the advancement of object oriented programming methods this has
radically changed. Typical modern parametric feature based modeler
and freeform surface systems are built around a number of key C
modules with their own APIs. A CAD system can be seen as built up
from the interaction of a graphical user interface (GUI) with NURBS
geometry and/or boundary representation (B-rep) data via a geometric
modeling kernel. A geometry constraint engine may also be employed
to manage the associative relationships between geometry, such as
wireframe geometry in a sketch or components in an assembly.
Unexpected capabilities of these associative
relationships have led to a new form of prototyping called digital
prototyping. In contrast to physical prototypes, which entail
manufacturing time in the design.That said, CAD models can be
generated by a computer after the physical prototype has been scanned
using an industrial CT scanning machine. Depending on the nature of
the business, digital or physical prototypes can be initially chosen
according to specific needs.
Today, CAD systems exist for all the major platforms (Windows,
Linux, UNIX and Mac OS X); some packages even support multiple
platforms. Right now, no special hardware is required for most CAD
software. However, some CAD systems can do graphically and
computationally intensive tasks, so a modern graphics card, high speed

14. (and possibly multiple) CPUs and large amounts of RAM may be
recommended.
The human-machine interface is generally via a computer mouse but
can also be via a pen and digitizing graphics tablet. Manipulation of the
view of the model on the screen is also sometimes done with the use of
a Spacemouse/SpaceBall. Some systems also support stereoscopic
glasses for viewing the 3D model.Technologies which in the past were
limited to larger installations or specialist applications have become
available to a wide group of users.These include the CAVE or HMD`s
and interactive devices like motion-sensing technology.
5.CAM (COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING):
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software to control
machine tools and relate in the manufacturing of workpieces. This is
not the only definition for CAM, but it is the most common;[1] CAM
may also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all operations of a
manufacturing plant, including planning,management, transportation
and storage.
Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and
components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material
consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw
material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing
energy consumption. CAM is now a system used in schools and lower
educational purposes. CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process
after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided
engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in
CAE can be input into CAM software, which then controls the machine

15. tool. CAM is used in many schools alongside Computer Aided Design
(CAD) to create objects.
5.1.Typical Areas Of Concern:
 High Speed Machining, including streamlining of tool paths
 Multi-function Machining
 5 Axis Machining
 Feature recognition and machining
 Automation of Machining processes
 Ease of Use
5.2.Machining Process:
1.Roughing :
This process begins with raw stock, known as billet, and cuts it very
roughly to shape of the final model. In milling, the result often gives
the appearance of terraces, because the strategy has taken advantage of

16. the ability to cut the model horizontally. Common strategies are zig-zag
clearing, offset clearing, plunge roughing, rest-roughing.
2.Semi-finishing:
This process begins with a roughed part that unevenly approximates the
model and cuts to within a fixed offset distance from the model. The
semi-finishing pass must leave a small amount of material so the tool
can cut accurately while finishing, but not so little that the tool and
material deflect instead of sending. Common strategies are raster
passes, waterline passes, constant step-over passes, pencil milling.
3.Finishing:
Finishing involves a slow pass across the material in very fine steps to
produce the finished part. In finishing, the step between one pass and
another is minimal. Feed rates are low and spindle speeds are raised to
produce an accurate surface.
4.Contour milling:
In milling applications on hardware with five or more axes, a separate
finishing process called contouring can be performed. Instead of
stepping down in fine-grained increments to approximate a surface, the
work piece is rotated to make the cutting surfaces of the tool tangent to
the ideal part features. This produces an excellent surface finish with
high dimensional accuracy.
6. CIM(Computer-integrated manufacturing):
It is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the
entire production process.This integration allows individual processes
to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through
the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less

17. error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create
automated manufacturing processes. Typically CIM relies on closed-
loop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also
known as flexible design and manufacturing.
6.1.Uses Of CIM:
Computer-integrated manufacturing is used in automotive, aviation,
space, and ship building industries.The term "computer-integrated
manufacturing" is both a method of manufacturing and the name of a
computer-automated system in which individual engineering,
production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing
enterprise are organized. In a CIM system functional areas such as
design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory
control, and distribution are linked through the computer with factory
floor functions such as materials handling and management, providing
direct control and monitoring of all the operations.
CIM is an example of the implementation of information and
communication technologies (ICTs) in manufacturing. CIM implies
that there are at least two computers exchanging information, e.g. the
controller of an arm robot and a micro-controller of a CNC
machine.Some factors involved when considering a CIM
implementation are the production volume, the experience of the
company or personnel to make the integration, the level of the
integration into the product itself and the integration of the production
processes. CIM is most useful where a high level of ICT is used in the
company or facility, such as CAD/CAM systems, the availability of
process planning and its data.

18. 7. CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive
application):
CATIA enables the creation of 3D parts, from 3D sketches, sheetmetal,
composites, molded, forged or tooling parts up to the definition of
mechanical assemblies. The software provides advanced technologies
for mechanical surfacing & BIW. It provides tools to complete product
definition, including functional tolerances as well as kinematics
definition. CATIA provides a wide range of applications for tooling
design, for both generic tooling and mold & die.
CATIA offers a solution to shape design, styling, surfacing workflow
and visualization to create, modify,[11] and validate complex
innovative shapes from industrial design to Class-A surfacing with the
ICEM surfacing technologies. CATIA supports multiple stages of
product design whether started from scratch or from 2D sketches.
CATIA v5 is able to read and produce STEP format files for reverse
engineering and surface reuse.
7.1.Scope Of Application:
Commonly referred to as a 3D Product Lifecycle Management software
suite, CATIA supports multiple stages of product development (CAx),
including conceptualization, design (CAD), engineering (CAE) and
manufacturing (CAM). CATIA facilitates collaborative engineering
across disciplines around its 3DEXPERIENCE platform, including
surfacing & shape design, electrical fluid & electronics systems design,
mechanical engineering and systems engineering.

19. CATIA facilitates the design of electronic, electrical, and distributed
systems such as fluid and HVAC systems, all the way to the production
of documentation for manufacturing.
 Product Structure
 Part Design
 Assembly Design
 Sketcher
 Drafting (Interactive and Generative)
 Wireframe and Surface
 Freestyle Shaper
 Digital Shape Editor
 Knowledge ware
 Photo Studio
 4D Navigator (including kinematics)
 Manufacturing
 Finite Element Analysis

20. 8. ANSYS(ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM):
It is a general purpose software, used to simulate interactions of all
disciplines of physics, structural, vibration, fluid dynamics, heat
transfer and electromagnetic for engineers. So which enables to
simulate tests or working conditions, enables to test in virtual
environment before manufacturing prototypes of products.
Furthermore, determining and improving weak points, computing life
and foreseeing probable problems are possible by 3D simulations in
virtual environment.
ANSYS software with its modular structure as seen in the table
below gives an opportunity for taking only needed features.
ANSYS can work integrated with other used engineering
software on desktop by adding CAD and FEA connection
modules.
ANSYS can import CAD data and also enables to build a
geometry with its "preprocessing" abilities. Similarly in the same
preprocessor, finite element model (a.k.a. mesh) which is required
for computation is generated. After defining loadings and
carrying out analyses, results can be viewed as numerical and
graphical.
ANSYS can carry out advanced engineering analyses quickly,
safely and practically by its variety of contact algorithms, time
based loading features and nonlinear material models.
ANSYS Workbench is a platform which integrate simulation
technologies and parametric CAD systems with unique
automation and performance.
The power of ANSYS Workbench comes from ANSYS solver
algorithms with years of experience.Furthermore, the object of

21. ANSYS Workbench is verification and improving of the product
in virtual environment.
ANSYS Workbench, which is written for high level compatibility
with especially PC, is more than an interface and anybody who
has an ANSYS license can work with ANSYS Workbench. As
same as ANSYS interface, capacities of ANSYS Workbench are
limited due to possessed license.
8.1.Types Of ANSYS:
1.ANSYS Mechanical:
It is a finite element analysis tool for structural analysis, including
linear, nonlinear and dynamic studies. This computer simulation
product provides finite elements to model behavior, and supports

22. material models and equation solvers for a wide range of mechanical
design problems. ANSYS Mechanical also includes thermal analysis
and coupled-physics capabilities involving acoustics, piezoelectric,
thermal–structural and thermo-electric analysis.
2.Fluid Dynamics:
ANSYS Fluent, CFD, CFX, and related software are Computational
Fluid Dynamics software tools used by engineers for design and
analysis.[7] These tools can simulate fluid flows in a virtual
environment — for example, the fluid dynamics of ship hulls; gas
turbine engines (including the compressors, combustion chamber,
turbines and afterburners); aircraft aerodynamics; pumps, fans, HVAC
systems, mixing vessels, hydrocyclones, vacuum cleaners, etc.
3.Electronics:
ANSYS HFSS is a Finite Element Analysis tool for simulating full-
wave electromagnetic fields. HFSS incorporates finite element, integral
equation, and hybrid methods to solve a wide range of microwave, RF
and high-speed digital applications.
4.ANSYS Maxwell:
ANSYS Maxwell is a Finite Element Analysis tool for electromagnetic
field simulation, primarily for engineers tasked with designing and
analyzing electromagnetic and electromechanical devices, including
motors, actuators, transformers, sensors and coils. ANSYS Maxwell
incorporates finite element method solvers to solve static, frequency-
domain, and time-varying electromagnetic and electric fields.
5.ANSYS SIwave:

23. ANSYS SIwave is a specialized design platform for power integrity,
signal integrity and Electromagnetic interference (EMI) analysis of
electronic packages and PCBs.
8.2. Ansys Application:
 General-purpose finite element analysis and computational fluid
dynamics software.
 Best known for its ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYS Multi physics
products .
 Including static/dynamic structural analysis (both linear and non-
linear), heat transfer and fluid problems, as well as acoustic and
electro-magnetic problems.
 CFX computational fluid dynamics and Fluent for CFD.
 Electronic design automation (EDA) software for to simulate high-
performance electronics designs found in mobile communication and
Internet devices, broadband networking components and systems,
integrated circuits, printed circuit boards.
9. MATLAB(MATRIX LABORATORY):
It is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates
computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use
environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar
mathematical notation.
It is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-
generation programming language. A proprietary programming
language developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix

24. manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of
algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs
written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python.
Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numerical computing, an
optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine, allowing access to
symbolic computing abilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds
graphical multi-domain simulation and model-based design for
dynamic and embedded systems.

25. 9.1.Typical Uses Include:
 Math and computation
 Algorithm development
 Modeling, simulation, and prototyping
 Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
 Scientific and engineering graphics
 Application development, including Graphical User Interface
building
10. PRO-E:
It is called as pro-engineer which is a 3D CAD/CAM/CAE feature-
based, associative solid modeling software. It is one of a suite of 10
collaborative applications that provide solid modeling, assembly
modelling, 2D orthographic views, finite elemen analysis, direct and
parametric modeling sub-divisional and NURBS surfacing, an NC and
tooling functionality for mechanical designers. Creo
Elements/Parametric compete directly with Solidworks, CATIA, and
NX/Solid Edge. It was created by Parametric
Technology Corporation (PTC) and was the first of its kind to market.
The application runs on Microsoft Windows. The UNIX version was
discontinued after 4.0,except x86-64 UNIX on Solaris. The name
changed to Creo 1.0 after Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0 (rebranded
PTC Creo Elements/Pro), took place on October 28, 2010, which
coincided with PTC’s announcement of Creo, a new design software
application suite. Creo Elements/Pro will be discontinued after version
2 in favor of the Creo design suite.
Creo Elements/Pro (formerly Pro/ENGINEER), PTC's parametric,
integrated 3D CAD/CAM/CAE solution, is used by discrete

26. manufacturers for mechanical engineering, design and manufacturing.
Creo Elements/Pro is a parametric, feature-based modeling architecture
incorporated into a single database philosophy with advanced rule-
based design capabilities. It provides in-depth control of complex
geometry, as exemplified by the trajpar parameter. The capabilities of
the product can be split into the three main headings of Engineering
Design, Analysis and Manufacturing. This data is then documented in a
standard 2D production drawing or the 3D drawing standard ASME
Y14.41-2003.
10.1. Uses Of PRO-E:
ProE is a multi-programs software that can be used for design, analysis
and manufacturing. In this portion of the course we will be dealing with
the first capability of ProE which deals with the model creation and
assembly of designs.
11. SOLIDWORKS:
It is a solid modeling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-
aided engineering (CAE) computer program that runs on Microsoft
Windows. SolidWorks is published by Dassault Systèmes.
11.1. Modeling Method:
SolidWorks is a solid modeler, and utilizes a parametric feature-based
approach to create models and assemblies. The software is written on
Parasolid-kernel. Parameters refer to constraints whose values
determine the shape or geometry of the model or assembly. Parameters
can be either numeric parameters, such as line lengths or circle
diameters, or geometric parameters, such as tangent, parallel,
concentric, horizontal or vertical, etc. Numeric parameters can be

27. associated with each other through the use of relations, which allows
them to capture design intent.
Design intent is how the creator of the part wants it to respond to
changes and updates. For example, you would want the hole at the top
of a beverage can to stay at the top surface, regardless of the height or
size of the can. SolidWorks allows the user to specify that the hole is a
feature on the top surface, and will then honor their design intent no
matter what height they later assign to the can. Features refer to the
building blocks of the part. They are the shapes and operations that
construct the part. Shape-based features typically begin with a 2D or
3D sketch of shapes such as bosses, holes, slots, etc. This shape is then
extruded or cut to add or remove material from the part. Operation-
based features are not sketch-based, and include features such as fillets,
chamfers, shells, applying draft to the faces of a part, etc.
Building a model in SolidWorks usually starts with a 2D sketch
(although 3D sketches are available for power users). The sketch
consists of geometry such as points, lines, arcs, conics (except the
hyperbola), and splines. Dimensions are added to the sketch to define
the size and location of the geometry. Relations are used to define
attributes such as tangency, parallelism, perpendicularity, and
concentricity. The parametric nature of SolidWorks means that the
dimensions and relations drive the geometry, not the other way around.
The dimensions in the sketch can be controlled independently, or by
relationships to other parameters inside or outside of the sketch.
In an assembly, the analog to sketch relations are mates. Just as sketch
relations define conditions such as tangency, parallelism, and
concentricity with respect to sketch geometry, assembly mates define
equivalent relations with respect to the individual parts or components,

28. allowing the eas construction of assemblies. SolidWorks also includes
additional advanced mating features such as gear and cam follower
mates, which allow modeled gear assemblies to accurately reproduce
the rotational movement of an actual gear train. Finally, drawings can
be created either from parts or assemblies. Views are automatically
generated from the solid model, and notes, dimensions and tolerances
can then be easily added to the drawing as needed. The drawing module
includes most paper sizes and standards (ANSI, ISO, DIN, GOST, JIS,
BSI and SAC).
11.2. File Format:
SolidWorks files (previous to version 2015) use the Microsoft
Structured Storage file format. This means that there are various files
embedded within each SLDDRW (drawing files), SLDPRT (part files),
SLDASM (assembly files) file, including preview bitmaps and
metadata sub-files. Various third-party tools (see COM Structured
Storage) can be used to extract these sub-files, although th subfiles in
many cases use proprietary binary file formats.

29. 11.3. Solidworks Application:
SolidWorks is used by students, designers, engineers, and other
professionals to produce simple and complex parts, assemblies, and
drawings. assemblies, and drawings.
Designing in a modeling package such as SolidWorks is beneficial
because it saves time, effort, and money that would otherwise be spent
prototyping the design.
SolidWorks Components -PARTS Before we begin looking at the
software, it is important to understand the different components that
make up a SolidWorks model.
12. ADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS:
1. Save time and money and reduce errors with the dynamic
engineering model.
2. Reduce purchase, deployment, and support costs with one
complete solution.
3. Increase value to client by delivering more design alternatives in
less time.
4. Take full advantage of existing AutoCAD skills to get up to speed
quickly.
5. Create production sheets faster.
6. Be sure that production drafting is always in sync with your
design.
7. Complete projects faster and reduce the chance of coordination
errors using the Civil 3D project environment.
8. Exploit data compatibility.
9. Build a foundation for your custom solution.

30. 10. Clearly communicate design intent and complete final
proposals with realistic 3D rendering.
 Introduction of computer has resulted in a better and consistent
quality product at reduced costs
 CAD has enable creation of assemblies and parts in the computer,
there analysis, optimization, stimulating the functionality,
aesthetic requirements etc.
 It has resulted lead time in the design office.
 Easy referencing and material of earlier design, data and
information.
 Time for changing design and updating document is reduced
considerably.
 Designer is relived from routine work and is allowed more time
for creative tasks.
 Dependence on design subcontractors is reduced.
 Design personal can be used effectively for long term tasks like
creating standard database, preparing parametric designs etc.
 The data created at design stage can be used in manufacturing
database and other planning and machine control functions.
 NC programming time is reduced.
 NC programs can be developed precisely and conveniently due to
onscreen simulation of tool paths.
 CAD techniques provide the design engineer a new powerful tool
depending on degree of integration with other activities like design
verification, finite element analysis, machines, mould flow
analysis, solid and surface modelers, documentation, computer
aided process planning, shop floor data collection, production
control etc.

31.  CAD/CAM has resulted improved productivity in design
engineering and manufacturing, and productivity gain results in
reduction of cost and cycle time, improvement in quality.
 Computer aided inspection utilizes the design database to arrive at
the qualitative analysis of the product.
13. DISADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS:
There are two primary limitations to CAD CAM restorations. (Like
Cerec and E4D)It is not yet possible to do multiple unit bridges and the
esthetics is limited. The esthetics has improved dramatically from the
early days as the quality of materials has improved. Multi shade
material blocks can duplicate dentin and enamel shades. Never the less,
CAD CAM is not suited for highly esthetic situations.
It is possible to create a CAD CAM veneer, cut it back and add baked
porcelain to create a superior esthetic result. However this requires a
skilled technician working in a traditional porcelain studio with lots of
time.
The primary limitation for most dentists is the cost. A single system is
well over $100,000. That is a huge investment for the typical dentist.
However it is possible to justify the investment based on lab savings
and time saved with no second appointment. For dentists who are
already doing a lot of indirect posterior onlays and crowns it is a natural
fit. But it could be a stretch for offices that still do a lot of amalgams.
Application Complexity,Processing Power Limitations and Cost, The
stored data maybe lost in cases of computer related errors. Incorrect
results may be obtained if the designs are not examined properly.CAD
software and hiring of CAD designer is expensive.For proper operation
training is required.All the ideas may not be converted into designs due

32. to lack of tools.Introduction of CAD to existing design teams may
marginalize talented designers who are not computer savvy.
14. CONCLUSION
From this seminar report, we have got the idea of mechanical designing
software/tools and its various types with their advantages and
disadvantages. The largest investment in CAD technology will come
not in the initial purchase, but in the time invested after purchase. A
successful CAD implementation will change the way a roof consultant
works and prepare him or her for the future.
The mechanical designing software/tools in the future will be more
easy to use and learn, and geared to enhance concept design and
construction planning, will be functional and powerful enough to
satisfy the needs of engineering design and integration of all
disciplines, and corporate functions, sectors and levels. It will be more
than 2D drawings and more than 3D models, it has to handle Object
and Symbolic Data with same ease.
It will be a 4D (3D +time) modelling tool for better planning and
scheduling. It will allow designers to exploit the best advantages of
each CAD Technology 2D -> 3D -> 4D, to progressively refine the
design until fully satisfying the customers' needs. It will be efficient to
store, locate, visualize, and re-use data for integration of proven
designs, and standard parts and equipment.
It will enhance simultaneous (collaborative and concurrent) and
distributed engineering eliminating all barriers that constrain
communications. It will share one "data factory" that creates data
needed by all disciplines.

33. 15. REFERENCES:
http://auto.howstuffworks.com
http://www.solidworks.com
www.autodesk.com/civil3d
http://www.google.com/
www.autodesk.com/map3d
www.seminarproject.com
 www.slideshare.com
www.faadooengineers.com/
http://www.studymfia.org/
 http://wikipedia.org etc.
 https://www.autocad360.com/
http://www.practicalmachinist.com