This document provides an overview of hazard communication and the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. The objectives are to increase knowledge of workplace hazards and reduce accidents/injuries from chemicals. Key elements include developing a written program and chemical inventory, providing training to employees, ensuring proper container labeling and material safety data sheets are available. The standard aims to ensure hazard evaluation and transmission of safety information for chemicals.

1. HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Hazard Communication
# 1

2. Introduction
# 2
 Objectives
» To increase knowledge of
hazardous chemicals in the
workplace
» To reduce the number and
severity of accidents, injuries,
and illnesses resulting from
chemicals
» To increase understanding of
protective measures required
by exposure to hazardous
chemicals
 Purpose
» To provide information
required to work safely with
chemicals
» To comply with requirements
of 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard
Communication Standard

3. Purpose of Hazard Communication
Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
 To ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced
or imported are evaluated
 To ensure that comprehensive material safety data
sheets (MSDSs) are developed by the manufacturer
or importer for every hazardous chemical
 To ensure that information concerning the hazards
associated with hazardous chemicals is transmitted
to employers and employees
# 3

4. Goals of the Hazard
Communication Standard
 Reduce exposures
 Substitute less hazardous materials
 Establish proper work practices
 Prevent work-related illnesses and injuries
caused by chemicals
# 4

5. Scope
 Chemical manufacturers, importers - Assess
hazards of chemicals
 Distributors - Transmit required information
to employers
 Employers - Provide information to their
employees about the hazardous chemicals to
which they are exposed
# 5

6. Related Regulations
 FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) -
Pesticides
 TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) - Toxic Substances
 FFDCA (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act), Virus-
Serum Toxin Act of 1913 - Food, food additives, color
additives, drugs, cosmetics, or medical or veterinary devices
or products, including ingredients in such products (e.g.,
flavors, fragrances)
 Federal Alcohol Administration Act - Distilled Spirits
 SWDA (Solid Waste Disposal Act) - Hazardous Waste
# 6

7. Related Regulations (Contd.)
 Consumer Product Safety Act and Federal Hazardous
Substances Act - Consumer Products or Hazardous
Substances
 Federal Seed Act - Agricultural or Vegetable Seeds Treated
with Pesticides
 CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act) - Hazardous Substances
# 7

8. Hazard Communication:
Program Elements
 Written Program
 Hazardous Chemical
Inventory
 Training
 Labeling
# 8
 MSDS (Material
Safety Data Sheet)
Documentation
 Program
Maintenance

9. Written Program
 Insert date of facility
written program
 Insert how to obtain
copies of the written
program
 Insert who to contact to
propose changes to the
written program
# 9
 Hazardous Chemicals
Brought on Site By
Contractors, etc.
» Contracts require
submission of MSDSs
» Insert facility contact

10. Hazardous Chemical Inventory
 A list of hazardous chemicals known to be
present
» May be compiled for the workplace as a whole or
for individual work areas
» Identified in accordance with appropriate MSDS
 Required to be part of the written program
# 10

11. Training
 Initial assignment
» By chemical (if few chemicals are used)
» By hazard (if many chemicals are used)
 Whenever a new HAZARD is introduced
# 11

12. Labeling
 Requirements
» Each container must be
labeled, tagged, or
marked
» Legible
» Prominently displayed
» Identity of chemical
» Appropriate hazard
warnings
# 12
 Requirements (Contd.)
» Name and address of
chemical manufacturer,
importer, or other
responsible party
 Voluntary
» Emergency telephone
numbers
» First aid procedures
» Leak and spill procedures

13. Labeling Exceptions
 Portable containers into which hazardous chemicals
are transferred from labeled containers intended for
immediate use by employee who transfers chemicals
 Drugs dispensed by pharmacy to healthcare provider
for direct administration to patient
# 13

14. Labeling NOT Required
 Pesticides
 Tobacco or tobacco
products
 Food or alcoholic
beverages (sold, used,
or prepared in a retail
establishment)
# 14
 Wood or wood products
 Drugs or cosmetics
 Ionizing and non-
ionizing radiation
 Biological hazards

15. Labeling Systems
 National Fire
Protection Association
(NFPA) - Fire
diamonds
» Red - Fire Hazard
» Blue - Health Hazard
» Yellow - Reactivity
» White - Special
information
» Higher the number, the
more hazardous the
chemical
# 15
 Hazardous Materials
Identification System
(HMIS) - Rectangular
with horizontal strips
» Copyright of the National
Paint and Coating
Association
» Similar to NFPA
» White - Letters designate
personal protective
equipment (ppe)

16. Labeling Systems (Contd.)
 Department of Transportation
Color-coded diamonds
» Red - Flammable liquid or gas
» Orange - Explosive
» Green - Compressed gas
» Black and white - Corrosive
» Yellow - Oxygen or oxidizer base
» Yellow and white - Radioactive
» White - Toxic or poison gas
 Attached to hazardous materials
being shipped
 Includes a four digit number (the
United Nations identification code)
# 16
 American National
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
 Upper Left Side
» DANGER
» WARNING
» CAUTION

17. Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDSs)
 Manufacturers and importers must obtain or
develop an MSDS for each hazardous
chemical they produce or import
 Employers shall have an MSDS in the
workplace for each hazardous chemical which
they use (29 CFR 1910.1200(g))
# 17

18. MSDSs (Contd.)
 General Information
» Name of chemical
» Name and address of
manufacturer
» Emergency telephone
number
» Date of preparation and
review
# 18
 Ingredients
» Listed by percentage of
content
» OSHA permissible
exposure limit
» ACGIH threshold limit
value
» CAS Number

19. MSDSs (Contd.)
 Physical/Chemical
Characteristics
» Appearance and odor
» Physical data
 Fire and Explosion Hazard
Data
» Extinguishing media
» Physical data
 Disposal Data
# 19
 Reactivity
» Conditions to avoid
» Materials to avoid
 Transportation Data
» DOT requirements
» Labeling for shipping
 Label Data
» Signal word (e.g., Danger)
» Special precautions

20. MSDSs - Health Hazards
 Routes of entry
 Health hazards
» Acute
» Chronic
 Carcinogenicity
 Signs/symptoms of
overexposure
 Emergency/first aid
# 20
 Medical conditions
aggravated by exposure
 Spill response
 Waste disposal
 Storage requirements
 Other precautions

21. MSDSs - Control Measures
 Respiratory Protection
 Ventilation
 Protective Gloves
 Eye Protection
 Other Protective
Equipment
# 21
 Hygienic Work
Practices
 Supplementary Safety
and Health Data

22. Other Considerations
 Procedure to follow when
chemicals are delivered to
the facility and an MSDS is
not provided/available
# 22
 Procedure to update the
facility’s list of chemicals

23. Laboratory Requirements
 Labels on incoming containers of hazardous
chemicals must not be removed or defaced
 MSDSs for hazardous chemicals must be maintained
 MSDSs must be readily accessible to laboratory
employees during each workshift
 Appropriate information and training must be
provided
# 23

24. General Preventive Actions
 Specific Procedures
Implemented by Facility
» Work practices
» Emergency procedures
» PPE
# 24
 Reduce the hazard,
substitute a less hazardous
chemical, if possible
» Facility procedure
» Methods to minimize exposure
 Know emergency response
procedures

25. Preventive Actions (Contd.)
 Know the chemical with
which you are working
 Read the label before use
 Review the MSDS
 Obtain additional training
 Use proper ventilation
 Make sure fume hoods and
other safeguards are
operating properly
 Wear appropriate PPE
# 25
 Handle and dispose of
chemicals properly
 Don’t smoke, drink, use
drugs, or cosmetics around
hazardous chemicals
 Let other workers know
where you are/work as a
team
 Consult employee health or
EAP, if symptoms develop
 Practice good housekeeping

26. Spill Response Procedure
 Attend to any medical emergencies
 Isolate area
» Leave immediate area of spill
» Close windows and doors, if possible
» Warn others to stay out of area
 Notify appropriate personnel
» Supervisors
» Safety professionals
# 26
 Develop and implement specific
clean-up procedure
» Consult MSDS for spill
procedure, if necessary
» Put on appropriate PPE, if it
varies from that being worn
» Clean up spill and area in
accordance with facility and
manufacturer’s guidance
» Dispose of cleaning materials
properly

27. Emergency Response
 Determine who notifies
emergency response
personnel
 Sound Alarm
 Move to a safe area
# 27
 Assist the emergency
response personnel
» Provide any technical
information available
» Follow instructions

28. General First Aid Procedures
 Promptly obtain medical
help for all medical
emergencies
 Inhalation
» Move to fresh air
» If breathing has stopped, give
artificial respiration
» If breathing and pulse have
stopped, perform CPR - if
properly trained
» Provide oxygen
# 28
 Skin
» Immediately flush exposed
skin with water
» Remove contaminated clothing
» Do NOT scrub exposed skin
» Do NOT apply ointments or
neutralizing solutions
 Eyes - Immediately flush
exposed eye for 15 minutes

29. First Aid Procedures - Shock
 Check for symptoms
» Clammy, pale skin
» Rapid, faint pulse
» Quick, irregular
breathing
» Weakness or nausea
 Treat other injuries
 If unconscious, place
victim on side
# 29
 Keep victim quiet and
lying down - feet
slightly elevated
 Cover with a blanket
 Do NOT move victim
(unless absolutely
necessary), if there is
the potential for a neck
or spine injury

30. First Aid Procedures -
Ingestion
 Give water, Do NOT induce
Vomiting
» Benzene
» Toluene
» Xylene
# 30
 Give Water, Induce
Vomiting
» Acetone
» Formaldehyde
» Freon
» Phenol
 Give Salt Water, Induce
Vomiting
» Chloroform
» Methyl alcohol
» Trichloroethylene

31. Obtain Medical Aid
 Provide First Aid - Do
NOT leave injured
employee alone
 Contact Employee
Health Personnel
» Insert Telephone Number
» Insert Room Number
# 31
 Give Water, Induce
Vomiting
» Acetone
» Formaldehyde
» Freon
» Phenol
 Give Salt Water, Induce
Vomiting
» Chloroform
» Methyl alcohol
» Trichloroethylene

32. Hazardous Chemical
 Any chemical that is a physical hazard or a
health hazard
» A hazard is an inherent property
of a chemical and exists no matter
what quantity of the chemical is present
# 32

33. Physical Hazards
 Combustible liquids
 Flammables
» Liquids
» Aerosols
» Gases
» Solids
 Explosives
 Pyrophorics
# 33
 Compressed gases
 Organic peroxides
 Oxidizers
 Unstable (reactive)
 Water-reactive

34. Combustible and Flammable Liquids
 Combustibles (flashpoint at
or above 100° F)
» Acetic Acid Glacial
» Formalin (with Methanol)
» Formaldehyde (37% solution)
» Hydraulic fluid
» Kerosene (Fuel Oil No. 1)
» Linseed Oil
» Mineral Oil
» Transformer Oil
# 34
 Flammables (flashpoint less
than 100° F)
» Acetone
» Carbon Disulfide
» Ethylene Oxide
» Ethyl Ether
» Isopropyl Alcohol
» Methyl Ethyl Ether
» Toluene
» Turpentine
» Xylene

35. Isopropyl Alcohol
 General Information
» Quantity - Not identified
 Physical/Chemical
Characteristics
» Colorless liquid
» Slight odor of rubbing alcohol
# 35
 Fire and Explosion Hazard
» Extinguishing agents
– Alcohol foam
– Dry chemical
– Carbon dioxide
– Water may be ineffective
 Reactivity - Stable

36. Isopropyl Alcohol (Contd.)
 Health Hazard Data
» Carcinogenic - No
» Target Organs
– Eyes
– Skin
– Respiratory System
– Central Nervous System
(Ingestion)
 Levels NOT to be exceeded
» 400 ppm (8 hours)
» 500 ppm (15 minutes)
# 36
 Effects of Overexposure
» Inhalation
– Nausea/Vomiting
– Dizziness
– Drowsiness
– Irritation of Respiratory
Tract
– Pulmonary Edema
– Loss of Consciousness
» Skin - Dermatitis
» Eye - Temporary Corneal
Damage

37. Isopropyl Alcohol (Contd.)
 Protective Equipment
» Ventilation - General or local
exhaust
» Respiratory Protection -
Chemical cartridge respirator
with organic vapor cartridge
» Eye/Skin Protection - Safety
goggles, uniform, apron,
neoprene gloves
# 37
 First Aid
» Eyes - Flush with water for 15
minutes
» Skin - Flush
» Ingested - do not induce
vomiting
» Inhalation
– Remove to fresh air
– If not breathing, give
artificial respiration
– If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen

38. Isopropyl Alcohol (Contd.)
 Storage and Handling
» Bond/ground containers when
transferring liquid
» Keep container tightly closed
» Store in cool, dry, well-
ventilated flammable liquid
storage area
 Disposal Procedure
» In accordance with Federal,
state, and local environmental
regulations
# 38
 Spill Procedures
» Wear suitable protective
clothing
» Shut off ignition sources
» No flares, smoking, etc.
» Stop leak if possible
» Use water spray to reduce
vapors
» Take up with sand or other
non-combustible absorbent
material
» Flush area with water

39. Preventive Actions
 Reduce the hazard,
substitute a less flammable
liquid, if possible
 Store properly
 Use proper ventilation
 Eliminate possible sources
of ignition
 Dispose of properly
# 39
 Know proper extinguishing
methods
 Know emergency response
procedures
 Personal Protection
» Avoid skin contact
» Don’t breathe the vapors
» Protect your eyes
» Do NOT eat, drink, etc. in
areas where hazardous
chemicals are used

40. Storage of Combustible and
Flammable Liquids
 Healthcare: 360 gallons
in flammable liquid
storage cabinets
 Health-related Labs:
Outside approved
storage cabinets -
10 gallons
# 40
 Industrial: 480 gallons
in flammable liquid
storage cabinets, if
proper separation
provided
 Offices: Prohibited,
except for maintenance
and operation needs

41. Proper Storage
 Containers
» Must be approved
» Individual capacity
cannot exceed 60 gallons
» Construction
– One gallon or less -
Original container or
metal safety can
– More than one gallon -
Metal safety can
# 41
 Storage Cabinets
» Labeled: FLAMMABLE
- KEEP FIRE AWAY

42. Flammables
 Aerosols
» Spray paint cans
 Gases
» Acetylene
 Solids
» Zinc
 Personal Protection
» Avoid skin contact
» Don’t breathe the vapors
» Protect your eyes
# 43
 Preventive Actions
» Reduce the hazard, substitute a
less flammable chemical, if
possible
» Store and dispose of properly
» Use proper ventilation
» Eliminate possible sources of
ignition
» Know proper extinguishing
methods and emergency
response procedures

43. Flammable Aerosols - Spray Paint
 General Information
» Krylon Spray Paint
» Carcinogen - No
» Spray can burns like
blowtorch
» Contains
– Propane/Isobutane
– Hexane/Heptane
– Toluene
– Naphtha
# 44
 Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Inhalation
– Dizziness
– Confusion
– Weakness
» Fire
– Can burst violently in a
fire
– Releases toxic and
irritating compounds, if
burned

44. Flammable Gas - Acetylene
 General Information
» Acetylene Oxygen Co.
» Colorless gas
» Distinctive garlic-like
odor
 Health Hazards
» Flammable Gas
» Can act as asphyxiant
» Symptoms - Dizziness and
Loss of Consciousness
# 45
 Specific Guidance
» Store cylinders upright
» Do NOT store near oxygen
» Cylinders can rupture violently
if not kept cool
» Under pressure can explode
even without air or oxygen
» Can accumulate in confined
spaces (lighter than air)
» Several fatalities occurred
when used to fill balloons or
plastic bags (“playing”)

45. Flammable Solid - Zinc
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Odorless
» Blue solid
» Powder or liquid is pyrophoric
# 46
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Mechanical irritation
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis
» Ingestion
– Liver damage
– Perforation of digestive tract
– Severe pain, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, and
shock
» Inhalation - Metal fume fever

46. Explosives and Pyrophorics
 Explosive
» Picric acid
# 47
 Pyrophoric
» Magnesium diamide

47. Prevention of Explosive and
Pyrophoric Hazards
 Minimize amounts used
 Store properly
 Follow proper
procedures
 Shields, barricades, and
guards should be used
# 48
 Wear proper protective
gloves and clothing
 Do not drop or shake

48. Explosive - Picric Acid
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Yellow in color
» Odor - Not available
» Flammable solid
» Shock sensitive and thermally
unstable
# 49
 Health Hazards
» Eye - Irritation, conjunctivitis
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis,
sensitization, destruction, and
ulceration
» Ingestion
– Kidney damage
– Acute hepatitis
– Gastrointestinal irritation
with nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, kidney damage

49. Compressed Gases
 Examples
» Oxygen
» Nitrous oxide
» Ethylene oxide
» Acetylene
» Propane
» Helium
» Hydrogen
» Liquefied Petroleum Gas
# 50
 Preventive Actions
» Store and use properly
» Secure cylinders in
accordance with
manufacturer’s guidance
and facility policy
» Use carts, hand trucks,
and other devices to move

50. Compressed Gas - Oxygen
 General Information
» Air Products and
Chemicals
» Carcinogen - NO
» Colorless and odorless
» Supports and vigorously
accelerates combustion
» Nontoxic under most
conditions
» Necessary to support life
# 51
 Precautions
» Store cylinders in well
ventilated areas
» Do NOT store near
flammable/combustible
materials
» Do NOT store in heavy traffic
areas
» Valve caps should remain on
when not connected
» Never lubricate valves/caps

51. Organic Peroxide
 Types of compounds known
to form peroxides
» Aldehydes
» Ethers
» Compounds containing
benzylic hydrogen atoms
» Compounds containing the
allylic structure, including
most alkenes
» Vinyl and vinylidene
compounds (vinyl acetate and
vinylidene chloride)
# 52
 Specific chemicals that can
form dangerous concentrations
of peroxides on exposure to air
» Cyclohexene
» Cyclooctene
» Decalin (decahydronaphthalene)
» p-Dioxane
» Diethyl ether
» Diisopropyl ether
» Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
» Tetralin (tetrahydronaphthalene)

52. Prevention of Hazards Associated with
Organic Peroxides
 Minimize the amount of organic
peroxides used
 Unused peroxides should not be
returned to the original container
 Use ceramic or wooden spatulas,
NOT metal ones
 Smoking, open flames, and heat
should NOT be permitted near
organic peroxides
 Clean up spills immediately
(vermiculite can absorb
solutions)
# 53
 Friction, grinding, and all forms of
impact should be avoided near
peroxides (especially solids)
 Use polyethylene bottles with screw-
caps, NOT glass bottles with screw-
cap lids or glass stoppers
 Store at lowest possible temperature
consistent with solubility or freezing
point
 Dispose of properly

53. Organic Peroxide - Ethyl Ether
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» Color - Not available
» Sweet, aromatic odor
» Vapors may form
explosive mixture with air
» Not stable during routine
use and handling
# 54
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Irritation, burns, defatting,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Central nervous system
depression, chemical pneumonitis
(may be fatal)
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, seizures, blood
abnormalities
» Psychic abnormalities - anxiety,
depression, excitability (chronic
exposure)

54. Organic Peroxide - Isopropyl Ether
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» Clear, colorless liquid
» Ethereal odor
» Explosive peroxides may form
on concentration
# 55
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Mild irritation
» Skin - Irritation, defatting,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Digestive tract
irritation, central nervous system
depression, respiratory failure
(fatal)
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, headache, dizziness,
unconsciousness, coma

55. Oxidizers
 Examples
» Chlorine
» Calcium hypochlorite
» Chromic acid
» Oxygen (Gaseous)
» Perchloric acid
» Fluorine
» Iodine
» Hydrogen peroxide (3 to 90 %)
# 56
 Preventive Actions
» Store in well ventilated areas
» Keep chemicals as cool as possible
» Store and use in glass or other inert
containers (preferably unbreakable)
» Do not use corks or rubber stoppers
with oxidizers
» Reaction vessels containing
oxidizers should be heated using
fiberglass mantles or sand baths

56. Oxidizer - Chlorine
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Pale yellow liquid
» Distinct odor
 Do NOT induce
vomiting - Give milk or
water
# 57
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irreversible eye injury,
conjunctivitis
» Skin - Severe burns and
ulceration, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Severe digestive
tract burns
» Inhalation - Severe irritation
» Teeth - Erosion (chronic)

57. Unstable (reactive)
 Acrolein-Acrylonitrile
# 58
 Preventive Actions
» Refrigerate
» Use immediately

58. Water-reactive
 Examples
» Carbon tetrafluoride
» Iodine chloride
» Lithium
» Potassium
» Sodium metal
» Sodium hydride
» Sulfamic acid
# 59
 Preventive Actions
» Avoid contact with water or
other liquids

59. Water-reactive - Sulfamic Acid
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» White solid
» Odor - Not available
# 60
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, burns
» Skin - Irritation, possible burns, if
skin wet
» Ingestion - Severe irritation
gastrointestinal tract, nausea,
vomiting, possible burns
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, burning pain in nose and
throat, coughing, shortness of
breath, pulmonary edema

60. Health Hazards
 Carcinogens
 Toxic agents
 Highly toxic agents
 Reproductive toxins
 Irritants
 Corrosives
 Sensitizers
 Hepatotoxins (Liver)
# 61
 Nephrotoxins (Kidneys)
 Neurotoxins (Nervous System)
 Agents which damage the
lungs, pulmonary system
 Agents that act on the
hematopietic (blood) system
 Cutaneous hazards
 Eye hazards

61. Multiple Health Hazards
# 62
Chemical Kidney Liver Central
Nervous
System
Reproductive
System
Pulmonary
System
Skin
Acetone X X X X
Ammonia X X X X
Ethylene
Glycol
X X X X
Lead X X X X
Sulfuric
Acid
X X X X

62. Carcinogens
 Examples
» Asbestos
» Chlordane
» Chloroform
» DDT
» Dioxane
» Formaldehyde
» Saccharin
» Soot
» Toluene
» Urethane
» Vinyl chloride
# 63
 Preventive Actions
» If synergistic, do NOT smoke,
drink, use drugs
» Specialized medical testing for the
exposure as part of medical
surveillance provided by facility

63. Carcinogen - Chloroform
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Potential
» Clear, colorless liquid
» Sweet odor
» Toxicity increased by alcohol,
steroids, and ketones
# 64
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irreversible eye damage
(vapors or liquid)
» Skin - Burning, itching, redness,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Chemical pneumonitis
(fatal)
» Inhalation - Depression of central
nervous system, kidney and liver
damage
» Adverse reproductive and fetal
effects

64. Toxic and Highly Toxic Agents
 Toxic Agents
» Orally
– Acrylamide
– Barium
– Isopropyl Ether
» Continuous Contact
– Dioxane
– Ethylene Dibromide
– Hydrazine
» Continuous Inhalation
– Chlorine
– Phenol
– Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
# 65
 Highly Toxic Agents
» Orally
– Hydrogen cyanide
– Sodium azide
– Sodium cyanide
» Continuous Contact
– None identified
» Continuous Inhalation
– Hydrogen cyanide
– Hydrogen sulfide
– Phosgene

65. Highly Toxic (Oral) - Sodium Cyanide
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» White solid
» Slightly bitter-almond odor when
moist
» Must have cyanide antidote kit
available
» Wash thoroughly after
handling/before eating
# 66
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, burns
» Skin - Severe irritation, burns,
absorbed through skin, dermatitis,
necrosis, ulceration
» Ingestion - Severe gastrointestinal tract
irritation (may be fatal), central
nervous system damage
» Inhalation - Severe respiratory tract
irritation, effects similar to ingestion

66. Reproductive Toxins
 Proven - Human Studies
» Anesthetic gases
» Lead
» Organic mercury
» Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
» Radiation
» Ribavirin
# 67
 Suspected - Human Studies
» Carbon monoxide
» Cytotoxic drugs
» Ethylene oxide
» Organic solvents
 Suspected - Animal Studies
» Cadmium
» Organochlorine pesticides

67. Prevention of Reproductive Effects
 Request to be assigned
to another area that
does not require
working with
reproductive toxins
» Verbally
» In writing
# 68
 Notify supervisor
 Facility procedure to
resolve differences

68. Reproductive Toxins - Nitrous Oxide
 General Information
» Air Products and Chemicals
» Carcinogen - NO
» Appearance and odor Not
available
» Supports and accelerates
combustion of flammables
» Simple asphixiant
» Use safe handling procedures
for gas cylinders
# 69
 Health Hazards
» Eye/Skin - Contact with liquid or
cold gas causes cryogenic burns
» Inhalation
– Headache
– Nausea/Drowsiness
– Other signs of oxygen
starvation
– Hysteria (high concentrations,
short exposure)
– “Laughing gas” can be abused

69. Irritants and Corrosives
 Irritants
» Chloroform
» Formaldehyde
» Freon
» Glutaraldehyde
» Hydrogen peroxide
» Iodine
» Isopropyl alcohol
» Toluene
» Xylene
# 70
 Corrosives
» Acetic acid glacial
» Ammonia
» Chlorine
» Fluorine
» Hydrochloric acid
» Hydrofluoric acid
» Hydrogen chloride
» Nitric acid
» Sulfuric acid

70. Corrosive - Ammonia
 General Information
» Bower Ammonia and
Chemical
» Carcinogen - No
» Colorless liquid
» Pungent odor
» Wear goggles, if wearing
contact lenses
# 71
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Burns
» Ingestion - Symptoms NOT
identified
» Inhalation
– Headache
– Coughing
– Severe lung congestion

71. Sensitizers
 Sensitizers
» Natural latex
» Formaldehyde
» Diazomethane
» Chromium
» Nickel
» Bichromates
» Isocyanates
» Certain phenols
» Methyl Methacrylate
# 72
 Preventive Actions
» Minimize exposure
» Substitute products that do not
contain sensitizers, if possible
» Wear appropriate hand protection
when contacting
» Wash thoroughly when task is
completed
» Minimize exposure to unknown
chemicals

72. Sensitizer - Formaldehyde
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Potential
» Appearance - Not
available
» Has caused adverse
reproductive and fetal
effects in animals
» Finger nail decay
# 73
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Irritation, thickening,
sensitization, discoloration
» Ingestion - May be fatal, blindness
» Inhalation
– Effects central nervous system
– Asthmatic attacks due to allergic
sensitization

73. Sensitizer - Methyl Methacrylate
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Yes
» Colorless liquid
» Sweet, sharp odor
» Reproductive and fetal effects
# 74
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, burns
» Skin - Severe irritation,
sensitization, dermatitis,
destruction, ulceration
» Ingestion - Depression, kidney and
liver damage, gastrointestinal
irritation, allergic reaction
» Inhalation - Allergic respiratory
reaction, effects similar to ingestion

74. Hematopoietic Damage
 Hematopoietic Toxins
(Blood)
» Benzene
» Carbon Monoxide
» Ethylene oxide
» Lead
» Picric acid
» Xylene
# 75
 Preventive Actions

75. Hematopoietic Toxin - Ethylene Oxide
 General Information
» 3M
» Carcinogen - Suspected
» Colorless gas
» Sweet odor
» Will burn without
presence of air or other
oxidizers
» Do NOT incinerate
cartridges
# 76
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe injury
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis, and
chemical blisters
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Cumulative lung, liver, and
kidney damage
– Mutagen/Suspect carcinogen
– Neurotoxic

76. Liver Damage
 Hepatotoxins
» Chloroform
» DDT
» p-Dichlorobenzene
» Ethylene oxide
» Inorganic arsenic
» Phenol (hydroxybenzene)
» Picric acid
» Toluene
» Xylene
# 77
 Preventive Actions
» Medical surveillance emphasizes
liver function
» Avoid activities known to damage
the liver (e.g., heavy drinking)

77. Hepatotoxin - Xylene
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Yes
» Clear, colorless liquid
» Aromatic odor
» Neurotoxic effects
include permanent brain
and nervous system
damage
# 78
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation
» Skin - Irritation, defatting,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Central nervous system
damage, kidney and liver damage,
chemical pneumonitis (can be fatal)
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, chemical pneumonitis,
pulmonary edema

78. Hepatotoxin - Xylene (Contd.)
 General Information
» No manufacturer listed
» Emergency Telephone None
available
» Carcinogen -
» Colorless liquid
» Sweet, pleasant odor
» Ingestion or inhalation may be
fatal
» Chronic effects include kidney
and/or liver damage
# 79
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Irritation
» Ingestion
– Gastro-intestinal irritation
– Blurred vision
– Lowering blood pressure
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Narcosis
– Headache, nausea, etc.

79. Kidney Damage
 Nephrotoxins
» Chemicals listed as
hepatotoxins
» Cadmium
» Turpentine
» Mercury
» Lead
# 80
 Preventive Actions
» Medical surveillance emphasizes
kidney function
» Reduce the hazard, substitute a less
hazardous chemical, if possible

80. Nephrotoxin - Toluene
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Yes
» Colorless liquid
» Sweetish, pleasant,
aromatic odor
» Causes adverse
reproductive and fetal
effects in animals
# 81
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation (vapors), corneal
injury
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Digestive tract
irritation, chemical pneumonitis
(can be fatal)
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Cardiac sensitization and severe
heart abnormalities
– Liver and kidney damage

81. Neurotoxins
(Nervous System Damage)
 Benzene
 sec-Butyl alcohol
 Carbon Monoxide
 DDT
 1,2-Dichloroethylene
 Ethyl ether
 Ethylene oxide
# 82
 Iodine
 Lead
 LPG
 Methyl Methacrylate
 Mercury
 Propane
 Toluene
 Xylene

82. Neurotoxins - Acrylamide
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Yes
» White solid
» Odorless
# 83
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation, burns
» Skin - May be absorbed
through skin, sensitizer
» Ingestion - Nervous system
damage
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation

83. Pulmonary System Toxins
(Respiratory System Damage)
 Acetic acid*
 Ammonia*
 Asbestos*
 Benzene
 n-Butyl alcohol
 Cadmium
 Chlorine
 p-Dichlorobenzene
 1,2-Dichloroethylene
 Ethyl acetate
 Ethylene oxide*
 Ethyl ether
 Fluorine
 Formaldehyde*
# 84
 Glutaraldehyde*
 Hexane
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Inorganic Arsenic
 Iodine
 LPG
 Isopropyl alcohol*
 Methyl Methacrylate*
 Mercury*
 Nitric acid
 Phosphoric acid
 Portland cement*
 Sulfuric acid
 Toluene*

84. Respiratory Toxins -
Glutaraldehyde
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» Colorless to light yellow
liquid
» Pungent, sharp odor
» Causes adverse
reproductive and fetal
effects in animals
# 85
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation
» Skin - Sensitizer, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Digestive tract
irritation, hemorrhaging,
permanent damage to esophagus,
digestive tract
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Asthmatic attacks
– Liver abnormalities

85. Cutaneous Hazards
(Skin Damage)
 Acetic acid*
 Benzene
 n-Butyl alcohol
 Chloroform
 DDT
 p-Dichlorobenzene
 Ethyl Acetate
 Ethyl Ether
 Fluorine
 Formaldehyde*
 Freon*
 Glutaraldehyde*
 Hexane
 Hydrogen peroxide
# 86
 Inorganic Arsenic
 Iodine
 Isopropyl alcohol*
 Methyl Methacrylate
 Mercury
 Nitric acid
 Phenol (hydroxybenzene)
 Phosphoric acid
 Picric acid
 Portland cement*
 Ribavirin*
 Toluene
 Sulfuric acid
 Xylene

86. Prevention of Chemical Injuries to Skin
 Wear appropriate
protective clothing
» Gloves
» Lab coat
» Apron
» Face Shield
» Hood
# 87
 Remove protective clothing
properly
 Dispose or launder protective
clothing properly
 Thoroughly wash hands and
skin immediately after
completion of task

87. Cutaneous - Sulfuric Acid
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Yes
» Colorless liquid
» Odorless
» Remove contaminated clothing
immediately
» Emergency response time is of
the essence
» Get medical aid immediately
# 88
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe burns, conjunctivitis,
irreversible injury
» Skin - Severe burns
» Ingestion - Chemical burns to
respiratory tract
» Inhalation - Chemical burns to
respiratory tract, nosebleeds,
perforation of nasal septum
» Teeth - Erosion

88. Eye Hazards
 Acetic acid*
 Ammonia*
 Benzene
 n-Butyl alcohol
 sec-Butyl alcohol
 Chloroform
 p-Dichlorobenzene
 1,2-Dichloroethylene
 Ethyl Ether
 Ethyl Acetate
 Ethylene oxide*
 Freon*
 Nitric acid
 Formaldehyde*
# 89
 Glutaraldehyde*
 Fluorine
 Hexane
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Iodine
 Isopropyl alcohol*
 Methyl Methacrylate*
 Mercury
 Phosphoric acid
 Picric acid
 Portland cement
 Ribavirin
 Sulfuric acid
 Xylene

89. Prevention of Chemical Injuries to Eyes
 Wear appropriate eye
protection
» Safety glasses
» Goggles
» Face Shield
» Hood
# 90
 Work near an eyewash
 Make sure eyewash is
operational
 Avoid working alone

90. Eye Hazard - Acetic Acid
 General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» Colorless liquid
» Pungent, vinegar-like odor
» Flush eyes for 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper
and lower eyelids
» Get medical aid immediately
# 91
 Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, irreversible
damage (vapors and liquid)
» Skin - Burns, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Severe pain, permanent
damage to digestive tract
» Inhalation - Chemical burns to
respiratory tract, chronic bronchitis
» Teeth - Erosion

91. Other Health Hazards
 Teeth/Gums
» Acetic acid
» Lead
» Nitric acid
» Sulfuric acid
 Cardiovascular System
» Cadmium
» Carbon Monoxide
» Chloroform
» Freon
» Iodine
 Lymphatic System
» Inorganic Arsenic
# 92
 Peripheral Nervous System
» DDT
» Freon
 Bones/Bone Marrow
» Benzene
» Cadmium
 Gastrointestinal Tract
» Lead
» Xylene
 Mucous Membranes/Throat
» Glutaraldehyde
» Methyl Methacrylate

92. Hazardous Pharmaceuticals
 If an MSDS cannot be obtained, the facility
must document the efforts to obtain the MSDS
# 93

93. Detecting Effects of
Hazardous Chemicals
 Monitoring
» Conducted periodically
» Continuous monitoring
devices
» Visual appearance
» Odor
# 94
 Documentation
» Exposure records
» Medical records

94. Program Maintenance
 Safety committee reviews - Annually
 Safety office updates - As necessary
» Submit comments to (insert)
» Revised as necessary
 List - Other facility procedures
# 95

95. Exposure of Family Members
 Contaminants can cause health
effects among worker’s families
» Arsenic
» Asbestos
» Asthmagens and allergens
» Cadmium
» Chlorinated hydrocarbons
» Fibrous glass
» Infectious agents
» Lead
» Mercury
» Pesticides
# 96
 Preventive actions
» Reduce exposure - Use good
safety practices
» Leave soiled clothes at work
» Store work clothes away from
nonwork clothes
» Change work clothes before
leaving work
» Launder work clothes separately
» Shower before leaving work, if
possible
» Do not take tools, scrap,
packaging, etc. home

96. CHEMTREC
 Emergency Telephone
800-424-9300
 Spill control and fire
fighting information
 Emergency medical
treatment information
 Manufacturer, shipper,
carrier contact
# 97
 Chemical information
from data base of 1.5
million MSDSs
 Non-emergency
inquires (9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
EST) 800-262-8200

97. Summary
 Review facility’s written
program and inventory
 Review health hazard
information periodically
 Ensure fume hoods and
storage areas are effective
 Wear appropriate PPE
 Reduce the hazard,
substitute a less hazardous
chemical, if possible
# 98
 Read label and MSDS, be
able to quickly locate
 Follow manufacturer’s
guidance for chemical
 Handle and dispose of
chemicals properly
 Store chemicals properly
 Assure safety committee
effectively addresses
chemical hazards and
hazard communication
requirements

98. Summary (Contd.)
 Chemicals may have
multiple health hazards and
can be synergistic
 Review personal
monitoring and medical
records periodically
 Visit employee health and
employee assistance
personnel, when necessary
# 99
 Know facility emergency
response procedures
 Know facility policies
concerning re-assignment
 Do not inadvertently expose
your family to workplace
chemicals

99. Walk Around Portion of Training
 Flammable Liquid
Storage
» Storage Cabinet
» Inside Storage Room
» Cut Off Room
» Outside Storage Area
# 100
 Emergency Shower
 Emergency Eye Wash
 Proper storage of
compressed gas
cylinders
 Ventilation - Fume
Hoods