The Persecution Begins
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Hitler's persecution of Jews beginning in 1933 - Boycotts, Propaganda, Eugenics
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The Persecution Begins
- 1. 1933
- 2. The Way We Lived In the early twentieth century, approximately nine million Jewish people lived across Europe, from Britain in the West to the Soviet Union in the East. This extract, from an IWM film called The Way We Lived, shows the diversity of Jewish life before the Second World War.
- 3. Jews as Germans 560,000 Jews lived in Germany (<1% of pop.) Jews were well integrated into German society Many Jews converted to Christianity or practices less traditional forms of Judaism +100k served in WWI, involved in Weimar Republic Most were not affluent or prominent in society Successful in: • Arts and theater • Science • Literature • Industry • Professional Jobs (Dr., Lawyers…)
- 5. Who We Were In this section of The Way We Lived several Jewish people describe the variety of life and culture while they were growing up before the Second World War.
- 6. Dachau Established • March 22, 1933 • The first regular concentration camp • The first inmates were political prisoners • housed about 4,800 prisoners in 1933 • By 1937 it held 13,260 • Until it was liberated in 1945, more than 188,000 prisoners went through the camp • At least 28,000 of them died there
- 7. Boycott • January 1933: Hitler Appointed Chancellor • April 1, 1933: Boycott of Jewish Businesses • official start of the persecution against Jews in Germany • Government sponsored in reaction to foreign criticism of Nazi regime • SA prevented people from shopping in Jewish stores • Violence in some What effect would this have on the German economy?
- 8. Boycott
- 9. Woman Reads Jewish Boycott Poster Why do you think this poster is in two languages?
- 10. Stormtroopers stand guard ready to prevent shoppers from entering this Jewish owned store in Bopfingen, Germany.
- 11. Reactions By Anti-Semites • Almost immediately after Hitler’s appointment as chancellor, members of the Nazi party began a campaign of violence against German Jews, socialists, communists, and other Nazi opponents By “Jewish Friends” • Some saw the violence and boycott as a sign of things to come • They viewed entering and shopping at Jewish stores as a badge of honor • Newspapers wrote articles against the boycott
- 12. Reactions By Jews Some saw the violence and boycotts as a sign of things to come • Some fled Germany • Some committed suicide Most remained optimistic Despite the boycotts and violence, why would some people remain optimistic?
- 13. Propaganda “Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way round, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise.” - Adolf Hitler
- 14. Propaganda “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.” - Joseph Goebbels
- 15. Propaganda Ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one’s own cause or to damage an opposing cause • 1933 Nazi Party formed the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda - Joseph Goebbels. • Aim: to ensure that the Nazi message was successfully communicated through • art, music, theater, films, books, radio, educational materials, and the press.
- 16. Points to Ponder • Where have you seen propaganda used? • Why is propaganda such a powerful tool? • Use your phone and find an example of propaganda in today’s media.Send the link to ME in Edsby with an explanation of how you knowit is propaganda.
- 17. Antisemitic Propaganda W What words do you see? A What actions do you see? V What visuals do you see? E What emotions do you see? S What is the significance of this cartoon? (What is this cartoon trying to tell us?) “The Crazed Ones”
- 18. Antisemitic Propaganda W What words do you see? A What actions do you see? V What visuals do you see? E What emotions do you see? S What is the significance of this cartoon? (What is this cartoon trying to tell us?)
- 19. Antisemitic Propaganda W What words do you see? A What actions do you see? V What visuals do you see? E What emotions do you see? S What is the significance of this cartoon? (What is this cartoon trying to tell us?) “Degenerate Music”
- 20. From an antisemetic children’s book, sign reads, “Jews are not wanted here.”
- 21. From antisemetic children’s book: Trust No Fox in the Meadow, and No Jew on his Oath.
- 22. Racist Portrayals of Jews Characterizes Jews as Marxists, Moneylenders, and Enslavers
- 23. From antisemitic children's book, DER GIFTPILZ (The Poisonous Mushroom), "The Jewish nose is crooked, it looks like a 6."
- 25. The “Science”of Race Eugenics • the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population, esp. by such means as… • negative eugenics discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits • positive eugenics encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits.
- 26. ??? Aryan Race ??? • Based on pseudoscience of racial theory • Originally a term to describe people who spoke Indo-European languages • Hitler twisted the term to describe people with Nordic and Germanic features • blond hair, blue eyes, tall and strong • Hoped to make a German “super race” through Eugenics
- 27. Civil Service Law • Civil Service: government employees • April 7, 1933 • Dismissed all “non-Aryans” from the Civil Service • Who was “non-Aryan” according to the Nazis? • Inferior races • Those with genetic aliments • Who was included in the lay-offs? • Teachers • Notaries
- 28. Hitler Consolidates Power 1933 • April 7 – Jews are not allowed to join the bar. • May 1 – May day festivals and celebrations • May 2 – trade-union leaders are arrested and unions destroyed • May 10 – Book Burnings took place in 20 German cities
- 29. Book Burning • Nazi students, Professors, SA members • Took books that were “un-German” from • Universities • Libraries • Bookstores • Threw them onto bonfires in town squares • What types of books did that include? • Jewish authors: Einstein, Freud… • Any books that taught individual thinking or were against the Nazis • Hemingway, Karl Marx, Helen Keller
- 31. Book Burning
- 32. US was Outraged! • Time called it a “bibliocaust” • Newsweek called it a “holocaust” • Public protests in NY, Philly, Chicago, St. Louis
- 33. “Where books are burned, in the end people will be burned” -Heinrich Heine 19th Century Quote The distance between burning books and burning people would be 8 years.