1.
The Glass Class: Designing Wearable Interfaces
Mark Billinghurst
The HIT Lab NZ, University of Canterbury
The 41st International
Conference and Exhibition
on Computer Graphics and
Interactive Techniques

2.
INTRODUCTION

3.
Mark Billinghurst
▪ Director of The HIT Lab NZ, University of
Canterbury
▪ PhD Univ. Washington
▪ Research on AR, mobile HCI,
Collaborative Interfaces, Wearables
▪ Joined Glass team at Google [x] in 2013

4.
How do you Design for this?

5.
Course Goals
In this course you will learn
▪ Introduction to head mounted wearable computers
▪ Understanding of current wearable technology
▪ Key design principles/interface metaphors
▪ Rapid prototyping tools
▪ Areas for future research

6.
What You Won’t Learn
▪ Who are the companies/universities in this space
▪ See the Siggraph exhibit floor
▪ Designing for non-HMD based interfaces
▪ Watches, fitness bands, etc
▪ How to develop wearable hardware
▪ optics, sensor assembly, etc
▪ Evaluation methods
▪ Experimental design, statistics, etc

7.
Schedule
• 10:45 am Introduction
• 10:55 am Technology Overview
• 11:05 am Design Guidelines
• 11:25 am Prototyping Tools
• 11:55 am Example Applications
• 12:05 am Research Directions/Resources

8.
A Brief History of Computing
Trend
▪ Smaller, cheaper, faster, more intimate
▪ Moving from fixed to handheld and onto body
1950’s
1980’s
1990’s

9.
Wearable Computing
▪ Computer on the body that is:
▪ Always on
▪ Always accessible
▪ Always connected
▪ Other attributes
▪ Augmenting user actions
▪ Aware of user and surroundings

10.
Desk Lap Hand Head

11.
The Ideal Wearable
▪ Persists and Provides Constant Access: Designed for
everyday and continuous use over a lifetime.
▪ Senses and Models Context: Observes and models the
users environment, mental state, it’s own state.
▪ Augments and Mediates: Information support for the user in
both the physical and virtual realities.
▪ Interacts Seamlessly: Adapts its input and output modalities
to those most appropriate at the time.
Starner, T. E. (1999). Wearable computing and contextual awareness
(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

12.
History of Wearables
▪ 1960-90: Early Exploration
▪ Gamblers and Custom build devices
▪ 1990 - 2000: Academic, Military Research
▪ MIT, CMU, Georgia Tech, EPFL, etc
▪ 1997: ISWC conference starts
▪ 1995 – 2005+: First Commercial Uses
▪ Niche industry applications, Military
▪ 2010 - : Second Wave of Wearables

13.
Origins - The Gamblers
• Thorp and Shannon (1961)
– Wearable timing device for roulette prediction
• Keith Taft (1972)
– Wearable computer for blackjack card counting
Belt computer Shoe Input Glasses Display

14.
Steve Mann (1980s - )
http://wearcomp.org/

15.
Thad Starner (1993 - )

16.
MIT Wearable Computing (1993-)
http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/

17.
CMU Wearables (1991–2000)
▪ Industry focused wearables
▪ Maintenance, repair
▪ Custom designed interface
▪ Dial/button input
▪ Rapid prototyping approach
▪ Industrial designed, ergonomic
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/vuman/www/frontpage.html

18.
Prototype Applications
▪ Remembrance Agent
▪ Rhodes (97)
▪ Augmented Reality
▪ Feiner (97), Thomas (98)
▪ Remote Collaboration
▪ Garner (97), Kraut (96)
■ Maintenance
■ Feiner (93), Caudell (92)

19.
Mobile AR: Touring Machine (1997)
▪ University of Columbia
▪ Feiner, MacIntyre, Höllerer, Webster
▪ Combined
▪ See through head mounted display
▪ GPS tracking, Orientation sensor
▪ Backpack PC (custom)
▪ Tablet input
Feiner, S., MacIntyre, B., Höllerer, T., & Webster, A. (1997). A touring machine: Prototyping 3D mobile
augmented reality systems for exploring the urban environment. Personal Technologies, 1(4), 208-217.

20.
Touring Machine View
▪ Virtual tags overlaid on the real world
▪ “Information in place”

21.
Early Commercial Systems
▪ Xybernaut (1996 - 2007)
▪ Belt worn, HMD, 200 MHz
▪ ViA (1996 – 2001)
▪ Belt worn, Audio Interface
▪ 700 MHz Crusoe
■ Symbol (1998 – 2006)
■ Wrist worn computer
■ Finger scanner

22.
Google Glass (2011 - )

23.
The Second Wave of Wearables
▪ Vuzix M-100
▪ $999, professional
▪ Recon Jet
▪ $600, more sensors, sports
▪ Opinvent
▪ 500 Euro, multi-view mode
▪ Motorola Golden-i
▪ Rugged, remote assistance

24.
Projected Market

25.
Summary
Wearables are a new class of computing
Intimate, persistent, aware, accessible
Evolution over 50 year history
Backpack to head worn
Custom developed to consumer ready device
Enables new applications
Collaboration, memory, AR, industry, etc
Many head worn wearables are coming

26.
TECHNOLOGY

27.
▪ fafds

28.
Enabling Technologies (1989-)
▪ Private Eye Display (Reflection Technologies)
▪ 720 x 280 dipslay
▪ Vibrating mirror
▪ Twiddler (Handykey)
▪ Chording keypad
▪ Mouse emulation

29.
Tin Lizzy (Platt, Starner, 1993)
▪ General Purpose Wearable
▪ 150 MHz Pentium CPU
▪ 32-64 Mb RAM, 6 GB HDD
▪ VGA display
▪ 2 PCMCIA slots
▪ Cellular modem
http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/lizzy/index.html

30.
• asda

31.
▪ Hardware
▪ CPU TI OMAP 4430 – 1 Ghz
▪ 16 GB SanDisk Flash, 2 GB Ram
▪ Input
▪ 5 mp camera, 720p recording, microphone
▪ InvenSense MPU-9150 inertial sensor
▪ Output
▪ Bone conducting speaker
▪ 640x360 micro-projector display
Google Glass Specs

32.
Glass Display

33.
ViewThrough Google Glass
Always available peripheral information display
Combining computing, communications and content capture

34.
Google Glass Demo

35.
Google Glass User Interface
• dfasdf

36.
Timeline Metaphor

37.
User Experience
• Truly Wearable Computing
– Less than 46 ounces
• Hands-free Information Access
– Voice interaction, Ego-vision camera
• Intuitive User Interface
– Touch, Gesture, Speech, Head Motion
• Access to all Google Services
– Map, Search, Location, Messaging, Email, etc

38.
Types of Head Mounted Displays
Occluded
See-thru
Multiplexed

39.
Multiplexed Displays
▪ Above or below line of sight
▪ Strengths
▪ User has unobstructed view of real world
▪ Simple optics/cheap
▪ Weaknesses
▪ Direct information overlay difficult
▪ Display/camera offset from eyeline
▪ Wide FOV difficult

40.
Vuzix M-100
▪ Monocular multiplexed display ($1000)
▪ 852 x 480 LCD display, 15 deg. FOV
▪ 5 MP camera, HD video
▪ GPS, gyro, accelerometer

41.
Optical see-through HMD
Virtual images
from monitors
Real
World
Optical
Combiners

42.
Epson Moverio BT-200
▪ Stereo see-through display ($700)
▪ 960 x 540 pixels, 23 degree FOV, 60Hz, 88g
▪ Android Powered, separate controller
▪ VGA camera, GPS, gyro, accelerometer

43.
Strengths of optical see-through
▪ Simpler (cheaper)
▪ Direct view of real world
▪ Full resolution, no time delay (for real world)
▪ Safety
▪ Lower distortion
▪ No eye displacement
▪ see directly through display

44.
Video see-through HMD
Video
cameras
Monitors
Graphics
Combiner
Video

45.
Vuzix Wrap 1200DXAR
▪ Stereo video see-through display ($1500)
■ Twin 852 x 480 LCD displays, 35 deg. FOV
■ Stereo VGA cameras
■ 3 DOF head tracking

46.
Strengths of Video See-Through
▪ True occlusion
▪ Block image of real world
▪ Digitized image of real world
▪ Flexibility in composition, match time delays
▪ More registration, calibration strategies
▪ Wide FOV is easier to support
▪ wide FOV camera

47.
Input Options
▪ Physical Devices
▪ Keyboard, Pointer, Stylus
▪ Natural Input
▪ Speech, Gesture
▪ Other
▪ Physiological sensors

48.
Twiddler Input
▪ Chording or multi-tap input
▪ Possible to achieve 40 - 60 wpm after 30+ hours
▪ cf 20 wpm on T9, or 60+ wpm for QWERTY
Lyons, K., Starner, T., Plaisted, D., Fusia, J., Lyons, A., Drew, A., & Looney, E. W. (2004, April).
Twiddler typing: One-handed chording text entry for mobile phones. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI
conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 671-678). ACM.

49.
Virtual Keyboards
▪ In air text input
▪ Virtual QWERTY keyboard up to 20 wpm
▪ Word Gesture up to 28 wpm
▪ Handwriting around 20-30 wpm
A. Markussen, et. al. Vulture: A Mid-Air Word-Gesture Keyboard (CHI 2014)

50.
Unobtrusive Input Devices
▪ GestureWrist
▪ Capacitive sensing, changes with hand shape
Rekimoto, J. (2001). Gesturewrist and gesturepad: Unobtrusive wearable interaction devices. In
Wearable Computers, 2001. Proceedings. Fifth International Symposium on (pp. 21-27). IEEE.

51.
Unobtrusive Input Devices
▪ GesturePad
▪ Capacitive multilayered touchpads
▪ Supports interactive clothing

52.
Skinput
Using EMG to detect muscle activity
Tan, D., Morris, D., & Saponas, T. S. (2010). Interfaces on the go.
XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students, 16(4), 30-34.

53.
Issues to Consider
▪ Fatigue
▪ “Gorrilla” Arm from free-hand input
▪ Comfort
▪ People want to do small gestures by waist
▪ Interaction on the go
▪ Can input be done while moving?

54.
DESIGN GUIDELINES

55.
INTERACTION DESIGN

56.
Design For the Device
• Simple, relevant information
• Complement existing devices

57.
Last year Last week NowForever
The Now machine
Focus on location, contextual and timely
information, and communication.

58.
Don’t design an app
Glass OS is time-based model, not an app model.

59.
The
world
is
the
experience
Get
the
interface
and
interac-ons
out
of
the
way.

60.
It's
like
a
rear
view
mirror
Don't
overload
the
user.
S-ck
to
the
absolutely
essen-al,
avoid
long
interac-ons.
Be
explicit.

61.
Micro
Interac8ons
The
posi-on
of
the
display
and
limited
input
ability
makes
longer
interac-ons
less
comfortable.
Using
it
shouldn’t
take
longer
than
taking
out
your
phone.

62.
Micro-Interactions
On mobiles people split attention
between display and real world

63.
Time Looking at Screen
Oulasvirta, A. (2005). The fragmentation of attention in mobile
interaction, and what to do with it. interactions, 12(6), 16-18.

64.
Design for MicroInteractions
▪ Design interaction less than a few seconds
– Tiny bursts of interaction
– One task per interaction
– One input per interaction
▪ Benefits
– Use limited input
– Minimize interruptions
– Reduce attention fragmentation

65.
Make it Glanceable
• Seek to rigorously reduce information density.
• Design for recognition, not reading.
Bad Good

66.
Reduce the Number of Info Chunks
• You are designing for recognition, not reading.
• Reducing the total # of information chunks will
greatly increase the glanceability of your design.
• .
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5 (6)

67.
Design single interactions < 4 s
Eye movements
For 1: 1 230ms
For 2: 1 230ms
For 3: 1 230ms
For 4: 3 690ms
For 5: 2 460ms
~1,840ms
Eye movements
For 1: 1-2 460ms
For 2: 1 230ms
For 3: 1 230ms
~920ms
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5 (6)

68.
Test the glanceability of your design

69.
Don’t Get in the Way
• Enhance, not replace, real world interaction

70.
Design for Interruptions
▪ Gradually increase engagement and attention load
▪ Respond to user engagement
Receiving SMS on Glass
“Bing”
Tap
Swipe
Glass
Show Message Start Reply
User Look
Up
Say
Reply

71.
Do one thing at a time

72.
Keep it Relevant
• Information at the right time and place

73.
Design for Context

74.
Avoid the Unexpected
• Don’t send unexpected content at wrong times
• Make it clear to users what your application does

75.
Build for People
• Use imagery, voice interaction, natural gestures
• Focus on fire and forget interaction model

76.
VISUAL DESIGN

77.
Transparent
displays
are
tricky
Colors
are
funny
and
inconsistent.
You
can
only
add
light
to
a
scene,
not
cover
anything
up.
Mo-on
can
be
disorien-ng.
Clarity,
contrast,
brightness,
visual
field
and
aHen-on
are
important.

78.
White is your new black

79.
Establish hierarchy with color
White is your <h1> and grey is your <h2> or <h3>.
Footer text - establishing time, attribution, or
distance - is the only place with smaller font size.

80.
Use brand-specific typography

81.
Test your design indoors + outdoors

82.
EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS

83.
• https://glass.google.com/glassware
Glassware Applications

84.
Virtual Exercise Companion
• GlassFitGames
– http://www.glassfitgames.com

85.
Vipaar Telemedicine
• Vipaar + UAB - http://www.vipaar.com
• Endoscopic view streamed remotely
• Remote expert adds hands – viewed in Glass

86.
CityViewAR
• Using AR to visualize Christchurch city buildings
– 3D models of buildings, 2D images, text, panoramas
– ARView, Map view, List view
– Available on Android/iOS market

87.
CityViewAR on Glass
• AR overlay of virtual buildings in Christchurch

88.
PROTOTYPING TOOLS

89.
How can we quickly
prototype Wearable
experiences with
little or no coding?

90.
Why Prototype?
▪ Quick visual design
▪ Capture key interactions
▪ Focus on user experience
▪ Communicate design ideas
▪ “Learn by doing/experiencing”

91.
Prototyping Tools
▪ Static/Low fidelity
▪ Sketching
▪ User interface templates
▪ Storyboards/Application flows
▪ Screen sharing
▪ Interactive/High fidelity
▪ Wireframing tools
▪ Mobile prototyping
▪ Native Coding

92.
Important Note
▪ Most current wearables run Android OS
▪ eg Glass, Vuzix, Atheer, Epson, etc
▪ So many tools for prototyping on Android
mobile devices will work for wearables
▪ If you want to learn to code, learn
▪ Java, Android, Javascript/PHP

93.
Typical Development Steps
▪ Sketching
▪ Storyboards
▪ UI Mockups
▪ Interaction Flows
▪ Video Prototypes
▪ Interactive Prototypes
▪ Final Native Application
Increased
Fidelity &
Interactivity

94.
Low Fidelity Tools
• Sketching
• GlassSim
• UI Templates
• Storyboards
• GlassWare flow designer
• Android Design Preview
• Video sketches

95.
High Fidelity Tools
• UXPin/Proto.io
• JustinMind
• Processing
• WearScript
• Unity3D
• Native Coding

96.
Sketched Interfaces
▪ Sketch + Powerpoint/Photoshop/Illustrator

97.
GlassSim – http://glasssim.com/
▪ Simulate the view through Google Glass
▪ Multiple card templates

98.
GlassSim Card Builder
▪ Use HTML for card details
▪ Multiple templates
▪ Change background
▪ Own image
▪ Camera view

99.
GlassSim Samples

100.
Glass UI Templates
▪ Google Glass Photoshop Templates
▪ http://glass-ui.com/
▪ http://dsky9.com/glassfaq/the-google-glass-psd-template/

101.
Application Storyboard
▪ http://dsky9.com/glassfaq/google-glass-
storyboard-template-download/

102.
Glassware Flow Designer
• Features
– Design using common patterns and layouts
– Specify interactions and card flow
– Share with other designers
• Available from:
– https://developers.google.com/glass/tools-
downloads/glassware-flow-designer

103.
Example Flow
• Blah

104.
Screen Sharing
▪ Android Design Preview
– Tool for sharing screen content onto Glass
– https://github.com/romannurik/
AndroidDesignPreview/releases
Mac Screen
Glass

105.
▪ Series of still photos in a movie format.
▪ Demonstrates the experience of the product
▪ Discover where concept needs fleshing out.
▪ Communicate experience and interface
▪ You can use whatever tools, from Flash to iMovie.
Video Sketching

106.
See https://vine.co/v/bgIaLHIpFTB
Example: Glass Vine UI

107.
Limitations
▪ Positives
▪ Good for documenting screens
▪ Can show application flow
▪ Negatives
▪ No interactivity/transitions
▪ Can’t be used for testing
▪ Can’t deploy on wearable
▪ Can be time consuming to create

108.
Interactive Wireframing
▪ Developing interactive interfaces/wireframes
▪ Transitions, user feedback, interface design
▪ Web based tools
▪ UXpin - http://www.uxpin.com/
▪ proto.io - http://www.proto.io/
▪ Native tools
▪ Justinmind - http://www.justinmind.com/
▪ Axure - http://www.axure.com/

109.
UXpin - www.uxpin.com
▪ Web based wireframing tool
▪ Mobile/Desktop applications
▪ Glass templates, run in browser

110.
Proto.io - http://www.proto.io/
▪ Web based mobile prototyping tool
▪ Features
▪ Prototype for multiple devices
▪ Gesture input, touch events, animations
▪ Share with collaborators
▪ Test on device

111.
Proto.io - Interface

112.
Demo: Building a Simple Flow

113.
Gesture Flow
Scr1
Scr2 Scr3
Scr4 Scr5 Scr6
Tap
Swipe

114.
Start Transitions

115.
Justinmind
▪ Native wireframing tool
▪ Build mobile apps without programming
▪ drag and drop, interface templates
▪ web based simulation
▪ test on mobile devices
▪ collaborative project sharing
▪ Templates for Glass, custom templates

116.
User Interface - Glass Templates

117.
Web Simulation Tool

118.
Wireframe Limitations
▪ Can’t deploy on Glass
▪ No access to sensor data
▪ Camera, orientation sensor
▪ No multimedia playback
▪ Audio, video
▪ Simple transitions
▪ No conditional logic

119.
Processing
▪ Programming tool for Artists/Designers
▪ http://processing.org
▪ Easy to code, Free, Open source, Java based
▪ 2D, 3D, audio/video support
▪ Processing For Android
▪ http://wiki.processing.org/w/Android
▪ Strong Android support, builds .apk file

120.
Basic Processing Sketch
/* Notes comment */
//set up global variables
float moveX = 50;
//Initialize the Sketch
void setup (){
}
//draw every frame
void draw(){
}

121.
Importing Libraries
▪ Can add functionality by Importing Libraries
▪ java archives - .jar files
▪ Include import code
import processing.opengl.*;
▪ Popular Libraries
▪ Minim - audio library, OCD - 3D camera views
▪ bluetoothDesktop - bluetooth networking

122.
Processing and Glass
▪ One of the easiest ways to build rich
interactive wearable applications
▪ focus on interactivity, not coding
▪ Collects all sensor input
▪ camera, accelerometer, touch
▪ Can build native Android .apk files
▪ Side load onto Glass

123.
Hello World Image
PImage img; // Create an image variable
void setup() {
size(640, 360);
//load the ok glass home screen image
img = loadImage("okGlass.jpg"); // Load the image into
the program
}
void draw() {
// Displays the image at its actual size at point (0,0)
image(img, 0, 0);
}

124.
Demo

125.
Touch Pad Input
▪ Tap recognized as DPAD input
void keyPressed() {
if (key == CODED){
if (keyCode == DPAD) {
// Do something ..
▪ Java code to capture rich motion events
▪ import android.view.MotionEvent;

126.
Motion Event
//Glass Touch Events - reads from touch pad
public boolean dispatchGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent event) {
float x = event.getX(); // get x/y coords
float y = event.getY();
int action = event.getActionMasked(); // get code for action
switch (action) { // let us know which action code shows up
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
touchEvent = "MOVE";
xpos = myScreenWidth-x*touchPadScaleX;
ypos = y*touchPadScaleY;
break;

127.
Demo

128.
Sensors
▪ Ketai Library for Processing
▪ https://code.google.com/p/ketai/
▪ Support all phone sensors
▪ GPS, Compass, Light, Camera, etc
▪ Include Ketai Library
▪ import ketai.sensors.*;
▪ KetaiSensor sensor;

129.
Using Sensors
▪ Setup in Setup( ) function
▪ sensor = new KetaiSensor(this);
▪ sensor.start();
▪ sensor.list();
▪ Event based sensor reading
void onAccelerometerEvent(…){
accelerometer.set(x, y, z);
}

130.
Sensor Demo

131.
Using the Camera
▪ Import camera library
▪ import ketai.camera.*;
▪ KetaiCamera cam;
▪ Setup in Setup( ) function
cam = new KetaiCamera(this,640,480,15);
▪ Draw camera image
void draw() { //draw the camera image
image(cam, width/2, height/2);

132.
Camera Demo

133.
Native Coding
▪ For best performance need native coding
▪ Low level algorithms etc
▪ Most current wearables based on Android OS
▪ Need Java/Android skills
▪ Many devices have custom API/SDK
▪ Vusix M-100: Vusix SDK
▪ Glass: Mirror API, Glass Developer Kit (GDK)

134.
Glassware Development
▪ Mirror API
▪ Server programming, online/web application
▪ Static cards / timeline management
▪ GDK
▪ Android programming, Java (+ C/C++)
▪ Live cards
▪ See: https://developers.google.com/glass/

135.
▪ REST API
▪ Java servlet, PHP, Go,
Python, Ruby, .NET
▪ Timeline based apps
▪ Static cards
- Text, HTML, media attachment (image & video)
▪ Manage timeline
- Subscribe to timeline notifications, contacts
- Location based services
Mirror API

136.
GDK
▪ Glass Development Kit
▪ Android 4.0.3 ICS + Glass specific APIs
▪ Use standard Android Development Tools

137.
▪ GDK add-on features
▪ Timeline and cards
▪ Menu and UI
▪ Touch pad and gesture
▪ Media (sound, camera and voice input)
GDK

138.
Glass Summary
▪ Use Mirror API if you need ...
▪ Use GDK if you need ...
▪ Or use both

139.
Hardware Prototyping

140.
Build Your Own Wearable
▪ MyVu display + phone + sensors

141.
Beady-i
▪ http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-
Google-Glasses-AKA-the-Beady-i/

142.
Rasberry Pi Glasses
▪ Modify video glasses, connect to Rasberry Pi
▪ $200 - $300 in parts, simple assembly
▪ https://learn.adafruit.com/diy-wearable-pi-near-eye-kopin-video-glasses

143.
Physical Input Devices
▪ Can we develop unobtrusive input devices ?
▪ Reduce need for speech, touch pad input
▪ Socially more acceptable
▪ Examples
▪ Ring, pendant,
▪ bracelet, gloves, etc

144.
Prototyping Platform
Arduino Kit Bluetooth Shield Google Glass

145.
Example: Glove Input
▪ Buttons on fingertips
▪ Map touches to commands

146.
Example: Ring Input
▪ Touch strip, button, accelerometer
▪ Tap, swipe, flick actions

147.
How it works
Bracelet
Armband
Gloves
1,2,
3,4
Values/
output

148.
Other Tools
▪ Wireframing
▪ Pidoco, FluidUI
▪ Rapid Development
▪ Phone Gap, AppMachine
▪ Interactive
▪ App Inventor, Unity3D, WearScript

149.
WearScript
▪ JavaScript development for Glass
▪ http://www.wearscript.com/en/
▪ Script directory
▪ http://weariverse.com/

150.
WearScript Features
• Community of Developers
• Easy development of Glass Applications
– GDK card format
– Support for all sensor input
• Support for advanced features
– Augmented Reality
– Eye tracking
– Arduino input

151.
WearScript Playground
• Test code and run on Glass
– https://api.wearscript.com/

152.
Summary
▪ Prototyping for wearables is similar to mobiles
▪ Tools for UI design, storyboarding, wireframing
▪ Android tools to create interactive prototypes
▪ App Inventor, Processing, etc
▪ Arduino can be used for hardware prototypes
▪ Once prototyped Native Apps can be built

153.
RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

154.
Challenges for the Future (2001)
▪ Privacy
▪ Power use
▪ Networking
▪ Collaboration
▪ Heat dissipation
▪ Interface design
▪ Intellectual tools
▪ Augmented Reality systems
Starner, T. (2001). The challenges of wearable
computing: Part 1. IEEE Micro,21(4), 44-52.
Starner, T. (2001). The challenges of wearable
computing: Part 2. IEEE Micro,21(4), 54-67.

155.
Interface Design

156.
Gesture Interaction

157.
Gesture Interaction With Glass
▪ 3 Gear Systems
▪ Hand tracking
▪ Hand data sent to glass
▪ Wifi networking
▪ Hand joint position
▪ AR application rendering
▪ Vuforia tracking

158.
Capturing Behaviours
▪ 3 Gear Systems
▪ Kinect/Primesense Sensor
▪ Two hand tracking
▪ http://www.threegear.com

159.
Performance
▪ Full 3d hand model input
▪ 10 - 15 fps tracking, 1 cm fingertip resolution

160.
Meta Gesture Interaction
▪ Depth sensor + Stereo see-through
▪ https://www.spaceglasses.com/

161.
Collaboration

162.
Social Panoramas

163.
Ego-Vision Collaboration
▪ Wearable computer
▪ camera + processing + display + connectivity

164.
Current Collaboration
▪ First person remote conferencing/hangouts
▪ Limitations
- Single POV, no spatial cues, no annotations, etc

165.
Social Panoramas
▪ Capture and share social spaces in real time
▪ Enable remote people to feel like they’re with you

166.
Key Technology
▪ Google Glass
▪ Capture live panorama (compass + camera)
▪ Capture spatial audio, live video
▪ Remote device (desktop, tablet)
▪ Immersive viewing, live annotation

167.
Awareness Cues
▪ Where is my partner looking?
▪ Enhanced radar display, Context compass

168.
Interaction
▪ Glass Touchpad Input/Tablet Input
▪ Shared pointers, Shared drawing

169.
Cognitive Models

170.
Modeling Cognitive Processes
• Model cognitive processes
– Based on cognitive psychology
• Use model to:
– Identify opportunity for wearable
– Predict user’s cognitive load

171.
Typical Cognitive Model
1. Functional Modularity: cognitive system divided
into functionally separate systems
2. Parallel Module Operation: cognitive modules
operate in parallel, independent of each other
3. Limited Capacity: cognitive modules are limited in
capacity with respect to time or content
4. Serial Central Operation: central coordination of
modules (eg monitoring) is serial

172.
Cognitive Interference
▪ Structural interference
▪ Two or more tasks compete for limited
resources of a peripheral system
- eg two cognitive processes needing vision
▪ Capacity interference
▪ Total available central processing
overwhelmed by multiple concurrent tasks
- eg trying to add and count at same time

173.
Example: Going to work ..
Which is the most cognitively demanding?

174.
Cognitive Resources & Limitations
asdfasdf

175.
Application of Cognitive Model
Busy street > Escalator > Café > Laboratory.
But if you made Wayfinding, Path Planning, Estimating
Time to Target, Collision Avoidance easier?

176.
Social Perception

177.
How is the User Perceived?

178.
GlassHoles
• safa

179.
TAT Augmented ID

180.
The Future of Wearables

181.
RESOURCES

182.
Online Wearables Exhibit
Online at http://wcc.gatech.edu/exhibition

183.
Glass Developer Resources
▪ Main Developer Website
▪ https://developers.google.com/glass/
▪ Glass Apps Developer Site
▪ http://glass-apps.org/glass-developer
▪ Google Design Guidelines Site
▪ https://developers.google.com/glass/design/
index?utm_source=tuicool

184.
Other Resources
▪ AR for Glass Website
▪ http://www.arforglass.org/
▪ Vandrico Database of wearable devices
▪ http://vandrico.com/database

185.
Glass UI Design Guidelines
• More guidelines
– https://developers.google.com/glass/design/index

186.
Books
▪ Programming Google Glass
▪ Eric Redmond
▪ Rapid Android
Development: Build Rich,
Sensor-Based Applications
with Processing
▪ Daniel Sauter

187.
• Beginning Google
Glass Development
by Jeff Tang

188.
• Microinteractions: Designing
with Details
– Dan Saffer
– http://microinteractions.com/

189.
Conclusions
• Wearable computing represents a fourth
generation of computing devices
• Google Glass is the first consumer wearable
– Lightweight, usable, etc
• A range of wearables will appear in 2014
– Ecosystem of devices
• Significant research opportunities exist
– User interaction, displays, social impact

190.
Contact Details
Mark Billinghurst
▪ email: mark.billinghurst@hitlabnz.org
▪ twitter: @marknb00
Feedback + followup form
▪ goo.gl/6SdgzA