COMP 4026 - Lecture1 introduction
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COMP 4026 - Lecture 1. An introduction to HCI and Interaction Design. Taught by Mark Billinghurst at the University of South Australia on July 24th 2018.
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COMP 4026 - Lecture1 introduction
- 1. LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION COMP 4026 – Advanced HCI Semester 5 - 2018 Mark Billinghurst, Gun Lee University of South Australia
- 2. Overview • Introduction • Trends in HCI • Interaction Design • Design Thinking
- 3. Lecturers • Mark Billinghurst • PhD University of Washington • Director of the Empathic Computing Lab • Expert in AR, Interaction Design • mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au • Gun Lee • PhD POSTECH • Senior Research Fellow in the ECL • Expert in AR/VR, Collaborative systems • gun.lee@unisa.edu.au
- 4. Class Logistics • Weekly lecture (2 hrs) • Tuesday 10am – 12pm • Room W2-16 • Assessment • Fitts Law User Study Project – 10% • Class paper presentations/review – 40% • HCI Project – 50% • What you will need • Notebook • Access to computer
- 5. User Study Project – 10% • Develop a simple Fitts’ Law task program • Using Processing or other language • Run the Fitts’ Law task with two different input devices • E.g. trackpad and mouse • Conduct a user study with 5-10 subjects • Collect data • Statistically analyze the data • Put together a 10 minute presentation of the results • Slides, charts
- 6. Class Participation – 40% • Present two research papers • 10 minute presentation • Lead discussion • One paper/week/student • Write report on the papers presented • 2-4 page report • Pros and cons of the papers
- 7. HCI Project – 50% • Pick an advanced interface technology • Wearable, AR/VR, Bio sensor, Computer Vision • Identify a user need that it addresses • Product a concept design • Develop an interactive prototype • Conduct a user evaluation • Write a research report • 8-10 pages conference format
- 9. What You Will Learn • History of HCI Trends • Interaction Design Fundamentals • Design Thinking Processes • Advanced Interface Technology • Wearable Computing • Augmented/Virtual Reality • Sensing systems • Experimental Design/Evaluation • Research Directions
- 10. TRENDS IN HCI
- 15. The Incredible Disappearing Computer 1960-70’s Room 1970-80’s Desk 1980-90’s Lap 1990-2000’s Hand
- 16. Processing Power
- 17. Trends in HCI 1. Operate the Machine (1940’s – 70’s) • Learn how to operate machine 2. Use the software (1970’s – 80’s) • Use a single application 3. Perform a task (1980’s – 1990’s) • Use several application’s together 4. Improve life experience (1990’s – 2000’s) • Technology integrated into everyday life 5. Connect with others (2000’s - ) • WWW, social networks, IoT 6. Adapt and Learn (2010’s - ) • Perceptive interfaces, learning systems
- 18. Operate the Machine • Human Computers hardwiring programs ENIAC 1940’s
- 19. Operate the Machine • Batch processing, output to printer IBM 1401 1960’s
- 20. Operate the Machine • Input and output – punch cards/tape - people adapt to machine
- 21. Operate the Machine • Real time processing – SpaceWar (1962) Steve Russell
- 22. Operate the Machine • Real time operation - command Line Interfaces Kaypro II - 1982
- 23. Use the Software • Operating systems provide access to applications • Use a spreadsheet, Use a word processor, Play a game VisiCalc 1979 WordStar 1979
- 24. Use the Software • Better interface tools – mouse, pen, interactive graphics Engelbart – Mouse 1964 Sutherland – Sketchpad 1962
- 25. Doug Englebart Mouse (1968) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MPJZ6M52dI
- 26. Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWAIp3t6SLU
- 27. Perform a Task • Use several programs together to perform a tasks • Make a brochure • Word processing, image editing, layout • Create a budget • Spreadsheet, word processing, layout • Compose music • Synthesizer, image editing, wordprocessing
- 29. Perform a Task • Apple MacIntosh - 1984
- 30. Perform a Task • Xerox Alto – 1973 – first graphical user interface
- 32. Improve Life Experience • Using technology in everyday activities • Managing a household • Running a business • Learning mathematics • Entertaining yourself • Multiple pieces of technology used in everyday life
- 33. Improve Life Experience • Consider context of use • Mobility = Designing for everyday use
- 34. Improve Life Experience • Focus on Interaction/Experience Design • Use of technology in everyday life over time
- 35. Connect with Others • Using technology to connect with others • Networked computers • Social Networks • Networked devices • Etc..
- 36. Connect with Others • Designing for communities • Machines disappear into background
- 37. Connect with Others • Technology Facilitating Collaboration/Connection Mosaic WWW browser 1993
- 39. Adapt and Learn • Adaptive interfaces that recognize human behavior • Speech, gesture recognition • Deep learning • AI/Expert systems • Assistive systems • Etc..
- 40. Adapt and Learn • Interfaces that recognize human behavior • Depth sensors, speech recognition, motion tracking
- 42. Adapt and Learn • Put that there Bolt - 1979 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyBEUyEtxQo
- 44. Interface Trends
- 49. “The product is no longer the basis of value.The experience is.” Venkat Ramaswamy The Future of Competition.
- 51. experiences services products components Sony CSL © 2004 Gilmore + Pine: Experience Economy Function Emotion
- 53. Good Experience Design • Reactrix • Top down projection • Camera based input • Reactive Graphics • No instructions • No training
- 54. Reactrix Demo – car race
- 55. Reactrix Demo – Coke interactive
- 56. How to improve experience of picking up rubbish?
- 57. World’s Deepest Rubbish Bin • The Fun Theory – http://www.funtheory.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRgWttqFKu8
- 58. Improve the experience of walking up stairs?
- 59. Musical Stairs • The Fun Theory – http://www.funtheory.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SByymar3bds
- 60. What to do? • Imagine • You re bringing a new product to market • Your #2 competitor has been in the market for over a year, selling millions of units • Your #1 competitor launches the same month • Your technology is slower than your competitors • Your technology is older than your competitors • Your last product failed in the market
- 61. • Do you compete on Price ? • Do you compete on Technology ? • Do you compete on Features ? Wrong: Compete on user experience !
- 63. NintendoWii • Cheap - $500 • Unique game play • Wireless 3 DOF controller • Position and orientation sensing • Aiming to broaden user base • Can play previous games/downloads
- 65. Sales to Sept 2011
- 67. Using the N-gage
- 72. Interaction Design Designing interactive products to support people in their everyday and working lives Preece, J., (2002). Interaction Design • Design of User Experience with Technology
- 73. Bill Verplank on Interaction Design • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk6XAmALOWI
- 74. • Interaction Design involves answering three questions: • What do you do? - How do you affect the world? • What do you feel? – What do you sense of the world? • What do you know? – What do you learn? Bill Verplank
- 75. •Artist/Engineer: • concerned with what’s on the screen
- 76. •Interface Designer: • concerned with person in front of the screen • often takes static view of interface
- 77. • Interaction Designer • Concerned with engaging with technology over time • Creating two way conversation with machine
- 79. What is Interaction Design? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZPLCjrewj8
- 82. HCI and Interaction Design
- 83. Interaction Design Process Evaluate (Re)Design Identify needs/ establish requirements Build an interactive version Final Product Develop alternative prototypes/concepts and compare them And iterate, iterate, iterate....
- 84. DISCOVERY
- 85. Interaction Design Process Evaluate (Re)Design Identify needs/ establish requirements Build an interactive version Final Product Develop alternative prototypes/concepts and compare them And iterate, iterate, iterate....
- 86. Goal Create a deep understanding of the user and problem space
- 88. Who are your Users? Everyone!
- 90. Designing for Everyone Designing for Everyone pleases No one
- 91. Who REALLY are your Users/Stakeholders? •Not as obvious as you think: — those who interact directly with the product — those who manage direct users — those who receive output from the product — those who make the purchasing decision — those who use competitor’s products •Three categories of user (Eason, 1987): — primary: frequent hands-on — secondary: occasional or via someone else — tertiary: affected by its introduction, or will influence its purchase
- 92. Smart Shopping Cart • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeSqnLZXKM4
- 93. Who are the Stakeholders? Check-out operators CustomersManagers and owners • Suppliers • Local shop owners
- 94. DESIGN
- 95. Interaction Design Process Evaluate (Re)Design Identify needs/ establish requirements Build an interactive version Final Product
- 96. Ideate • Idea generation • Large quantity of diverse ideas • Motivation • Step beyond obvious solutions • Harness collective perspectives • Uncover unexpected areas of exploration • Create fluency (volume) and flexibility (variety) • Move beyond obvious solutions
- 97. How MightWe … ? • Short questions that launch brainstorming
- 98. Brainstorming • Best with interdisciplinary team
- 99. MindMapping
- 100. Other Products in Market • Notice all the iPod look-alikes?
- 101. Tools for Effective Design §Personas §Scenarios §Storyboards (comics, movie technique) §Wireframes and Mock-ups
- 102. PROTOTYPE
- 103. Interaction Design Process Evaluate (Re)Design Identify needs/ establish requirements Build an interactive version Final Product
- 104. How can we quickly prototype interactive experiences with little or no coding?
- 105. Why Prototype? ▪ Quick visual design ▪ Capture key interactions ▪ Focus on user experience ▪ Communicate design ideas ▪ “Learn by doing/experiencing”
- 107. Typical Development Steps ▪ Sketching ▪ Storyboards ▪ UI Mockups ▪ Interaction Flows ▪ Video Prototypes ▪ Interactive Prototypes ▪ Final Native Application Increased Fidelity & Interactivity
- 108. Paper Prototyping (Low Fidelity) Quick and simple means of sketching interfaces Use office materials Easier to criticize, quick to change Creative process (develop in team) Can also use for usability test (focus on interaction flow) Used a lot to test out concepts before real design begins.
- 110. Physical Prototype
- 111. EVALUATION
- 112. Interaction Design Process Evaluate (Re)Design Identify needs/ establish requirements Build an interactive version Final Product
- 113. What is evaluation? •Evaluation is concerned with gathering data about the usability of a design or product by a specified group of users for a particular activity within a specified environment or work context
- 114. When to evaluate? • Once the product has been developed • pros : rapid development, small evaluation cost • cons : rectifying problems • During design and development • pros : find and rectify problems early • cons : higher evaluation cost, longer development design implementationevaluation redesign & reimplementation design implementation
- 115. Four evaluation paradigms •‘quick and dirty’ •usability testing (lab studies) •field studies •predictive evaluation
- 116. Quick and dirty • ‘quick & dirty’ evaluation: informal feedback from users or consultants to confirm that their ideas are in-line with users’ needs and are liked. • Quick & dirty evaluations are done any time. • Emphasis is on fast input to the design process rather than carefully documented findings.
- 117. Formal Usability Testing • Recording typical users’ performance on typical tasks in controlled settings. Field observations may be used. • As the users perform these tasks they are watched & recorded on video & their key presses are logged. • This data is used to calculate performance times, errors & help explain why the users did what they did. • User satisfaction questionnaires & interviews are used to elicit users’ opinions.
- 118. Laboratory-based studies Controlled, instrumented environment
- 119. Field/Ethnographic Studies • Field studies are done in natural settings • The aim is to understand what users do naturally and how technology impacts them. • In product design field studies can be used to: - identify opportunities for new technology - determine design requirements - decide how to introduce new technology - evaluate technology in use.
- 120. Predictive Evaluation • Experts apply their knowledge of typical users, often guided by heuristics, to predict usability problems. • Can involve theoretically based models. • A key feature of predictive evaluation is that users need not be present • Relatively quick and inexpensive
- 121. Characteristics of approaches Usability testing Field studies Predictive Users do task natural not involved Location controlled natural anywhere When prototype early prototype Data quantitative qualitative problems Feed back measures & errors descriptions problems Type applied naturalistic expert
- 122. Evaluation approaches and methods Method Usability testing Field studies Predictive Observing x x Asking users x x Asking experts x x Testing x Modeling x
- 123. CONCLUSION
- 124. In Conclusion…