The analysis of the La Luna Formation in the northern part of MMV Basin under the PRMS methodology, led to the estimation of approximately 6250 barrels of oil of Undiscovered Petroleum Initially in Place. This unit exhibits TOC of 1.4-5.4%, Vshale below 40%, and oil filled porosity of 3-7%.

1.
ACI
Firs
unc
nort
Auto
Limit
Cate
 A
 T
 T
Derecho
Este art
Este art
Abst
The a
appro
40%,
Intro
Explo
emplo
the L
Magd
metho
per ac
Area
The a
1: Mi
these
Such
this st
It wa
most
Norea
IPET
st approac
convention
th of the M
ores: Daniel Ro
ted.
goría:
Artículo Técni
Tesis Pregrad
Tesis Posgrad
os de Autor 2013, ACI
ículo técnico fue prepa
ículo fue seleccionado
tract
analysis of the
oximately 6250
and oil filled p
oduction
oring for uncon
oyed abroad h
La Luna Forma
dalena Valley
odology for the
cre of rock exte
a of Study
area of study is
idas, Tisquiram
blocks with av
wells are: Nor
tudy.
s necessary to
representative
an-1 (45km no
ch for qua
nal resour
Middle Ma
ojas; Mario P
ico X
do
do
PET
arado para presentaci
o para presentación po
La Luna Form
0 barrels of oil
porosity of 3-7
nventional reso
ave just been a
ation has been
Basin (MMV
e La Luna Form
ension are prop
s located at the
ma-B, Lebrija, T
vailable inform
rean-1, Cocuyo
divide the area
wells with rel
orth), while the
antifying u
rces for a
agdalena
rince; Andrea
ión en el XV Congreso
or el comité técnico de
mation in the n
l of Undiscove
7%.
ources in Colo
applied in the
acknowledged
VB). By apply
mation at the n
posed to be as
north of the M
Tisquirama-A,
mation for this s
o-1ST and Las
a of study in tw
levant data (Fig
south one was
ndiscover
new play
Valley ba
a Galeano and
o Colombiano del Petr
e ACIPET, basado en
northern part o
ered Petroleum
ombia is still a
recent years an
d as the main s
ying the Petro
north of the MM
Undiscovered
MMV Basin and
La Paloma, an
study, it was ne
Lajas-1 (see F
wo in order to
gure 1). There
s assigned to th
red petrol
y in the cre
sin, Colom
d Christian Sá
róleo organizado por A
información contenida
of MMV Basin
m Initially in P
t an early stag
nd the governm
source rock an
oleum Resour
MVB, it was p
Petroleum Init
d includes the b
nd the VMM-2
ecessary to inc
ig. 1). The geo
define domain
fore, the north
he domain of th
eum initia
etaceous
mbia
ánchez, Petró
ACIPET en Bogotá D.
a en un resumen envi
n under the PR
Place. This uni
ge, since the te
ment’s regulat
nd locally as a
rces Managem
possible to qua
tially in Place (
blocks operate
28 block. Given
clude neighbor
ochemical data
ns of petrophys
h block was ass
he Las Lajas-1
ally in plac
La Luna F
óleos del Nort
C. Colombia, 20 - 22 d
ado por el autor(es).
RMS methodol
it exhibits TOC
echnologies an
tions have not
a naturally frac
ment System (
antify probabili
(UPIIP).
ed by Petronort
n the Chuira-1
wells with rele
a of Morales-1
sical properties
signed the dom
well (48km so
ce on
Formation
te S.A.‐ Petro
de Noviembre de 201
logy, led to th
C of 1.4-5.4%
d methodologi
been issued ye
ctured reservoir
(PRMS) resou
istic volumes i
te, as observed
well was the o
evant and publ
well was not a
s, based on the
main of the nor
outh).
n, at the
latina Energy
3.
he estimation o
, Vshale below
ies successfully
et. Historically
r in the Middl
urce evaluation
in MMbls of oi
d in the Figure
only one inside
lic information
available for
e distance to th
rthernmost wel
y
of
w
y
y,
e
n
il
e
.
e
ll

2. 2
Figur
confid
define
study
Geol
The M
cordil
strike
again
forme
The w
Paleo
syncl
invert
The c
Pleist
From
autho
The J
startin
Arcab
depos
re 1. Location
dential data fro
ed to estimate
y.
logical Settin
Middle Magda
llera on the ea
e-slip system, a
nst the Santand
ed by the Espir
west side of th
ozoic Precambr
ines product o
ted normal fau
current sedimen
tocene.
m the tectonic a
ors and can be s
Jurassic and Lo
ng by the accu
buco-Los Sant
sited on a mari
DANIEL R
n of the area o
om wells locat
domains of pe
ng
alena Basin (M
ast, in the Col
and in the east
der Massif (fig
ritu Santo fault
he basin is a ho
rian rocks, wh
of transpressive
ults generally d
ntary wedge w
and stratigraphi
summarized as
ower Cretaceou
umulation of a
tos formations
ne environmen
ROJAS, MARIO
of study, which
ted outside, su
etrophysical pr
MMVB) is an
ombian Andes
by the Bucaram
gure 1). Northw
t system, Barre
omocline dippi
hich gradually
e and compres
ipping eastwar
was progressive
ic point of view
s follows (figur
us (Berriasian)
a syn-rift mega
s. These units
nt at a shallow
PRINCE, ANDR
h comprises th
uch as Norean-
roperties for vo
intermountain
s. The structur
manga-Santa M
wards, the sed
ero D., et al 200
ing eastwards,
onlaps westwa
ssive tectonics
rds, Rolon L., 2
ely eroded by a
w, the main ch
re 2).
) volcano-sedim
asequence whic
s are overlaid
platform, whic
EA GALEANO A
he blocks oper
-1, and Cocuyo
olumetric calcu
n basin, flanke
ral boundaries
Marta fault syst
imentary sequ
07. Southward
constituted by
ards. The east
including a w
2004.
a succession of
haracteristics of
mentary rocks
ch includes the
by Early Cr
ch comprises th
AND CHRISTIAN
rated by Petron
o-1ST
. The nor
ulations. The M
d by the Cent
are defined in
tem, a sinistral
uence thins out
ds, the basin en
y a Jurassic-Cr
margin shows
west-verging th
f unconformiti
f this sediment
were deposited
e Girón or No
retaceous calca
he Basal Calca
MMV
N SÁNCHEZ
norte, the shar
rth (blue) and
Morales-1 well
tral Cordillera
n the west by
l strike-slip sys
t and finishes
ds at the Ibagu
retaceous sedim
s structural com
hrust belt and
ies ranging in a
tary sequence h
d in a tectonica
orean Formatio
areous and sil
areous Group.
red block VMM
south (magent
l data is not av
on the west a
the Palestina
stem that juxta
against a pale
ue fault system
mentary wedg
mplexity, with
a group of hig
age from the P
have been iden
ally controlled
on (Clavijo, J.,
liciclastic sedi
M-28 and non
ta) blocks wer
vailable for thi
and the eastern
fault, a dextra
aposes the basin
ohigh probably
.
ge overlying th
h anticlines and
gh-to-low angl
Paleocene to th
ntified by many
fluvial system
1996), and th
imentary rock
n-
e
s
n
al
n
y
e
d
e
e
y
m,
e
ks

3. FIRS
FOR
Shallo
impor
Luna
abund
outcro
Galem
A seq
Umir
cycle
The L
lacust
late P
forme
Figur
of Pet
Seism
Over
exten
ST APPROACH
R A NEW PLAY
ow to deep m
rtant world sea
a Formation c
dant laminated
op. In Colomb
mbo, which ran
quence of uppe
r and the Lisam
environment.
La Paz, Esmer
trine clastic en
Pliocene or mo
ed on an enviro
re 2. Generaliz
tronorte.
mic interpre
1600 kilomete
nsion and fault
Pet
NW
FOR QUANTIFY
IN THE CRETAC
marine sedimen
a level change
consists of thin
d and finely dis
bia, Morales e
nge in age from
er Cretaceous
ma formations,
raldas, Mugros
nvironment, for
ore probably e
onment of coal
zed regional Str
tation
ers of 2D and o
analysis of the
ronorte’s blo
N
YING UNDISCOV
CEOUS LA LUNA
ntary deposits
s represented b
n bedded and
sseminated org
et al., 1958, di
m early Turonia
Maastrichtian
was deposited
sa, Colorado a
rmed during th
arly Pleistocen
lescing alluvial
ructures and St
over 350 kilom
e La Luna Form
ocks
SE
NW
VERED PETROL
A FORMATION,
from Albian
by the Simití a
laminated, den
ganic matter, w
ivided the La
an to Santonian
to Paleocene
d during the firs
and Real form
he progressive u
ne age, was de
l fans that were
tratigraphy of t
meters of 3D se
mation. The av
LEUM INITIALLY
AT THE NORTH
through Camp
and the La Lun
nse, dark gray
with ellipsoidal
Luna Formati
n.
age deep mari
st phases of th
mations, from E
uplift of the Ce
eposited uncon
e deposited in t
the north of M
eismic data ava
vailable sonic,
Y IN PLACE ON
H OF THE MIDD
panian age we
na formations.
to black colo
l concretions th
ion into three
ine siliciclastic
e compression
Eocene to Mio
entral and East
nformably on t
the Magdalena
Middle Magdale
ailable were in
check shot and
UNCONVENTIO
DLE MAGDALEN
ere deposited
According to
ored limestones
hat allow to re
members nam
c to transitiona
nal deformation
ocene age, we
tern cordilleras
the Real Grou
a River Valley.
ena basin, acco
nterpreted, in o
d Vsp logs wer
ONAL RESOURC
NA VALLEY BAS
on a platform
Hedberg and
s and calcareo
ecognize the fo
med as Salada,
al sediments, r
n in a transgres
re deposited in
s. Then the Me
up and older st
.
ording to the ge
order to provide
re used to tie th
SE
CES 3
IN, COLOMBIA
m influenced by
Sass, 1937, th
ous shales, with
ormation in any
Pujamana and
recorded by th
ssive-regressiv
n a fluvial and
esa formation o
trata. The latte
eological mode
e the geometry
he top and bas
y
e
h
y
d
e
e
d
of
er
el
y,
e

4. 4
of the
overly
There
disrup
Luna
area o
Time
veloc
Simit
the is
accur
provi
Figur
Form
reflec
Rock
appro
the ar
e unit. The top
ying Umir Fo
efore, the la Lu
pted by reverse
Fm. is tied to
of study (Figur
to depth conv
cities ranging f
tí isochronous m
sopach values a
racy of the pick
des a quantific
re 3. Example
mation, at the s
ction is a strong
k volumes. The
oximately 1,80
reas where the
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
999
00.0
N
DANIEL R
of the La Luna
ormation, wher
una top refecti
e high angle fa
the underlying
re 3).
version was don
from 8720 ft/se
mapping using
at well ties. Th
ked events. The
cation of gross
e of the seism
south of the a
g high amplitud
e gross thickne
0 feet (Figure
La Luna Fm. i
4050
2025.5
4100
2050.5
NW
ROJAS, MARIO
a Formation is
re there is an
ion is a strong
aults and fractu
g unit Simití F
ne using averag
ec at the north
g an average in
is was carried
erefore, based
rock volume th
mic expression
area of study (
de wave only d
ess of the La L
4). Given the
is buried at dep
4150
2075.5
4200
2100.5
PRINCE, ANDR
revealed by th
important imp
high amplitud
ured zones, wh
ormation whic
ge velocity fro
h to 8820 ft/sec
terval velocity
out as a means
on this structu
he La Luna sec
of the top (br
(Tisquirama A
disrupted by so
Luna in the thr
absence of fur
pths greater tha
5
4250
2125.5
4300
2150.5
PC-1981
EA GALEANO A
he seismic expr
pedance chang
de wave that ca
hich are freque
ch was observe
m Chuira-1 we
c to the south.
y of 8541 feet/s
s of checking th
ural interpretati
ction (see Figu
right green) an
A Block). Inter
ome faults and
ee key wells th
rther data regar
an 4.000ft, to e
5
4350
2175.5
4400
2200.
1-08.MIG_i95%.0
AND CHRISTIAN
ression of the c
ge usually from
an be defined
ent in the area
ed in the Mora
ell VSP and La
The isopach m
second, and wa
he validity of t
ion the extensio
ure 4). For each
nd the base (S
rpreted Seismi
fractured zone
hat had penetr
arding biodegra
ensure the prese
0
.5
4450
2225.5
450
2250
CO
EO
LO
UM
LA
SIM
RO
N SÁNCHEZ
contact betwee
m very low to
as a continuou
of study (see F
ales-1 well, and
as Lajas-1 chec
map (Figure 4)
as computed an
the isochronou
on and thickne
h block a calcu
Simití Fm. in
ic line PC198
es.
rated completel
adation, it was
ervation of hyd
00
0.5
4550
2275.5
46
230
OLORADO FM.
OCENO DISC.
OWER LISAMA
MIR FM.
A LUNA FM.
MITI FM.
OSABLANCA FM
en this unit and
o high amplitu
us and coheren
Figure 3). The
d was also corr
ck shot survey
) was based fr
nd the magnitu
us values and co
ess information
ulations of this w
dark green) o
81-08. The La
ly the La Luna
assumed to ta
drocarbons.
0
200
400
600
800
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
00
0.5
4650
2325.5
SE
M.
d the base of th
udes reflection
nt horizon, only
e base of the L
related over th
y using differen
rom La Luna to
ude compared to
onsequently th
n, its integration
was generated
of the La Lun
Luna Fm. top
a Fm., average
ake into accoun
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
e
n.
y
a
e
nt
o
o
e
n
.
a
p
s
nt

5. FIRS
FOR
Figur
Fm (f
Geoc
Based
thickn
(type
1 wel
avera
(0,68
(avera
Tmax
from
Petro
Three
Cocu
and c
specia
The p
C.H.
contin
ST APPROACH
R A NEW PLAY
re 4. Results o
feet TVDSS). R
chemical cha
d on the availa
ness is: very ri
II and mixed I
ll the 520ft of t
age from 16 cu
% of Vitrinite
age of 2,7% fr
x.). Finally, in t
73 cutting sam
ophysics
e wells were em
uyo-1ST
, respect
core tests to ba
al logs nor adv
petrophysical in
et al, 2010, wh
nuous curves o
FOR QUANTIFY
IN THE CRETAC
of the seismic i
Right: Gross Is
aracterizatio
able core tests o
ich in terms of
II & III Keroge
thickness (this
utting samples)
e Reflectance).
om 150 cutting
the Cocuyo-1S
mples); oil pron
mployed for th
tively. The dat
sic geochemica
vanced core tes
nterpretation w
hich basically
of properties th
YING UNDISCOV
CEOUS LA LUNA
interpretation o
sopach Map of
n of the La L
of the analyzed
quantity of tot
en), and it is cu
well perforated
); mostly oil pr
. In the Norea
g samples); oil
ST well, the 2,1
ne kerogen (I an
he petrophysica
ta set was limit
al data (Total O
sts such as X-R
was conducted
integrates the
hat allowing ev
VERED PETROL
A FORMATION,
of the La Luna
f the La Luna F
Luna Formati
d wells, it was
tal organic carb
urrently at the e
d only the upp
rone (II and m
an-1 well, from
l prone (mainly
125ft of thickn
nd II type), and
al analysis, cov
ted to a conven
Organic Carbo
Ray Diffraction
by the applica
point-to-point
aluating the po
10 Km
LEUM INITIALLY
AT THE NORTH
a Fm in the are
Fm to Simití Fm
ion
observed that
bon (%TOC av
early oil windo
er part of La L
mixed II & III t
m the 1,716 ft
y I and II Kero
ness the La Lun
d it is also in in
vering from no
ntional Quad-C
on %TOC, Vitr
n (XRD) or sha
ation of the Pa
data from geo
otential as an u
Y IN PLACE ON
H OF THE MIDD
ea of study. Le
m (feet TVD).
the La Luna F
verage of 3,3%
ow generation
Luna Fm) it exh
type), and it is
ft of thickness
ogen type), and
na Fm is: very
nitial window o
orth to south th
Combo (Gamm
rinite Reflectan
ale porosity/satu
ssey’s method
ochemical core
unconventional
UNCONVENTIO
DLE MAGDALEN
eft: Structural m
Formation in L
%from 72 cuttin
(0,62% of Vitr
hibits: very goo
s also in the in
it shows: ver
d it is as well in
good amounts
of oil generatio
he area of stud
ma Ray, Resisti
nce %Ro and P
turation were a
d (Passey, Q.R.
e tests to the e
reservoir.
ONAL RESOURC
NA VALLEY BAS
map at the top
Las Lajas-1 we
ng samples); o
rinite Reflectan
od quantities o
nitial phase of
ry good quant
n initial oil win
s of %TOC (av
on (438°C Tma
dy: Norean-1, L
ivity, Nuclear a
Pyrolysis Rock
available for thi
., et al 1990) a
lectric logs in
10 Km
CES 5
IN, COLOMBIA
of the La Lun
ll in 1,780 ft o
il prone mainly
nce). In Chuira
of %TOC (2,3%
the oil window
tities of %TOC
ndow of (435°C
verage of 2,75%
ax.).
Las Lajas-1 and
and Sonic logs
k Eval). Neithe
is study.
and Sondergeld
order to obtain
a
of
y
a-
%
w
C
C
%
d
s)
er
d,
n

6. 6
Litho
conve
grain
Gamm
cross-
tests.
marls
Out o
recrys
Figur
Color
of the
calcar
Total
(Equa
calibr
of vit
Based
1ST
∆Log
TOC=
RT: T
RTBas
DT: C
DTBas
∆Log
TOC:
LOM
Oil F
organ
them.
gener
ology. The lith
entional petrop
density (DGA
ma Ray Log (S
-plots were co
From this ana
s and black sha
of the three wel
stallization (se
re 5. Lithology
red points repr
e crossplots, su
reous due to th
l Organic Ca
ation 1) in wh
ration with geo
trinite reflectan
d on this analy
with an averag
gR=Log10(RT /
=(∆LogR)*10(
True formation
seline: RT readin
Compressional
seline: DT readin
gR: Amount of
: Calculated To
M: Level of mat
Filled Porosity
nic matter of th
. The values of
ration window.
DANIEL R
hological com
physical cross-
A), and appare
See Fig 5). Fo
nfirmed qualit
alysis it can be
ales. Some con
lls, Norean-1 e
e Figure 7).
y crossplots (U
esent the volum
uggesting the p
he use of Barite
arbon (%TOC
hich the effect
ochemical core
nce as equal to
ysis, the richest
ge TOC of appr
/ RTBaseline)+0.0
(2.297-0.168*LOM)
…
n resistivity cur
ngs where it ma
l travel time cu
ngs where it m
f separation bet
otal organic ca
turity of the org
(OF_Phie) an
he La Luna Fm
f vitrinite reflec
.
ROJAS, MARIO
mposition of th
-plots based on
ent volumetric
or this study, i
tavely only wit
concluded that
ntent of silt siz
exhibits in gene
UMA vs. DGA
me of shale est
predominance o
e in the drilling
C). The conten
of kerogen on
e data. The leve
nine (9) for No
t well in terms
roximately 3.5
02*(DT-DTBase
…………………
rve (Ohmm.m)
atches DT curv
urve (µsec/ft)
matches RT curv
tween the overl
rbon content in
ganic matter
nd Water Satu
. is turning into
ctance (%Ro=
PRINCE, ANDR
he three analy
n nuclear logs
c photoelectric
it is assumed t
th the ditch sam
t the three wel
zed quartz part
eral, a higher d
vs. Vshl), sho
timated from G
of limestones a
g mud, affectin
nt of organic m
n resistivity an
els of organic m
orean-1 and eig
s of organic ma
5%, and Norean
eline)
………………
ve at the approp
ve at the appro
laid curves (RT
n wgt%.
uration (Sw).
o hydrocarbon
0.65-0.72) and
EA GALEANO A
yzed wells wa
(Neutron, Den
factor (UMA
the volume of
mples descript
ls, the La Luna
icles is commo
development of
wing the mine
Gamma Ray lo
and marls over
ng the readings
matter %TOC
nd porosity log
maturity or me
ght point five (
atter is Las Laj
n-1 with a TOC
………………
priate scale (O
opriate scale (µ
T and DT).
Geochemical c
s, implying tha
d the Pyrolysis
AND CHRISTIAN
as estimated b
nsity and Phot
A) are calculate
clay (Vcl) as
tion, due to the
a Fm. exhibits
on as well as t
f limestones w
eral compositio
og. Most of poi
r silica. The cro
of the Photoel
C was determin
gs (neutron-den
etamorphism (L
(8.5) for the w
ajas-1 (TOC av
C close to 1.5%
…………………
Ohmm.m).
µsec/ft).
core tests of th
at both primary
(Tmax= 435-4
N SÁNCHEZ
based on elec
toelectric Fact
ed in addition
equal to the v
e absence of X
alternating lay
the recrystalliz
which could cor
on of the analy
ints tend to be
ossplot of the C
lectric Factor a
ned by Passey
nsity and soni
LOM) were sel
ells Las Lajas-
verage~ 5%), f
% (Figure 7).
………………
he three wells s
y porosity and
438°C), indicat
ctric logs, by
tor), from whic
n to the Vshl
olume of shale
X-Ray Diffracti
yers mudstone
zation of muds
rrespond to a h
yzed wells in th
located in the
Cocuyo-1ST (l
and Density log
y’s “Delta Log
ic) is quantifie
lected accordin
-1 and Cocuyo
followed by the
………………
suggest that in
kerogen can be
te the beginnin
employing th
ch the apparen
estimated from
e (Vshl). Thes
ion (XRD) cor
s, wackestones
tones (micrite)
higher degree o
he La Luna Fm
calcareous are
left) looks mor
gs.
g R” techniqu
ed based on th
ng to the value
-1ST
(Figure 6)
e well Cocuyo
………….(1)
this area, the
e filled with
ng of the oil
e
nt
m
e
e
s,
).
of
m.
a
e
e
e
es
).
o-

7. FIRS
FOR
Figur
accor
gener
Figur
with
select
ST APPROACH
R A NEW PLAY
re 6. Parameter
rding to the val
ration and destr
re 7. Petrophys
Sonic and Re
ted based on
FOR QUANTIFY
IN THE CRETAC
rs employed fo
lues of vitrinite
ruction (modif
sical profiles o
sistivity logs,
NOREAN‐1
YING UNDISCOV
CEOUS LA LUNA
or estimating th
e reflectance %
fied from Dow,
of the analyzed
and calibrated
VERED PETROL
A FORMATION,
he thermal mat
%Ro (modified
, 1977)
d wells, based o
d with core TO
LA
LEUM INITIALLY
AT THE NORTH
turity of organi
from Passey et
on Passey’s me
OC data from
AS LAJAS‐1
Y IN PLACE ON
H OF THE MIDD
ic matter. Left
t al 1990 in So
ethodology. Th
Norean-1 and
UNCONVENTIO
DLE MAGDALEN
: Estimation of
ondergeld, 2010
he %TOC is ca
d Cocuyo-1ST
C
ONAL RESOURC
NA VALLEY BAS
f the level of o
0). Right: Zone
alculated based
wells. Net Pa
COCUYO‐1ST
CES 7
IN, COLOMBIA
rganic maturity
es of petroleum
d on DeltaLogR
ay intervals ar
y
m
R
e

8. 8 DANIEL ROJAS, MARIO PRINCE, ANDREA GALEANO AND CHRISTIAN SÁNCHEZ
Since there are no special core tests available (i.e. core CT-Scan, 3D-SEM), in the last phase of the unconventional petrophysical
analysis, the total porosity (PHIT) is estimated from the Neutron-Density Crossplots after %TOC correction, the water saturation is
calculated (Sw by the dual water model) . The formation water resistivity was assumed as 0.05 Ohm.m@ 75°F (equivalent to
200,000ppm NaCl). The difference between them determines the effective oil filled porosity (OF_Phie).
Y = Vshl[] * ( RwBnd - Rw ) / ( 2 * RwBnd )
SwT = Y + ( (Rw / ( RT * PHIT2
) ) + Y2
)1/2
OF_Phie = PHIT-SwT ……..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(2)
Vshl: Volume of shale estimated from Mineralogical interpretation (v/v)
RwBnd: Resistivity of clay bound water (Ohm.m normalized at 75°F)
Rw: Resistivity of free water (Ohm.m normalized at 75°F)
SwT: Total water saturation calculated by the Dual Water Model (v/v)
RT: True formation resistivity curve (Ohm.m)
PHIT: Total Porosity after kerogen correction (v/v)
OF_Phie: Oil filled effective porosity (v/v)
Cutoffs:
Vshl <40%
OF_PHIE>3%
PRMS Methodology
PRMS which stands for “Petroleum Resources Management System” is the standard methodology for Reserves and Resources
assessment, approved and sponsored by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), the American Association of Petroleum Geologists
(AAPG), among others like the World Petroleum Council (WPC), the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE) and the
Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG). This methodology was employed for the present study, specifically for the Undiscovered
Petroleum Initially-In-Place, whose key definitions are summarized as follows (Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE et al, 2011):
Undiscovered Petroleum Initially-In-Place (UPIIP). Equivalent to undiscovered resources, is that quantity of petroleum estimated,
on a given date, to be contained within accumulations yet to be discovered.
Uncertainty Categories for Resource Estimates. The range of uncertainty of estimated recoverable volumes may be represented by
either deterministic scenarios or by a probability distribution. When the range of uncertainty is represented by a probability
distribution, a low, best, and high estimate shall be provided such that:
 Low Estimate: There should be at least a 90 percent probability (P90) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or
exceed the low estimate.
 Best Estimate: There should be at least a 50 percent probability (P50) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or
exceed the best estimate.
 High Estimate: There should be at least a 10 percent probability (P10) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or
exceed the high estimate.
Undiscovered Petroleum Initially in Place.
As mentioned previously, the petrophysical evaluation of the Norean-1 well was used for the northern area (Figure 1, North Block).
The Las Lajas-1and Cocuyo-1st wells were used as the analog for the southern portion (Figure 1, South Block). The thicknesses and
effective hydrocarbon filled porosity values from Norean-1, Las Lajas-1, and Cocuyo-1st wells were used as an input of the North and
South blocks. A probabilistic determination of the undiscovered petroleum initially-in-place (UPIIP) was conducted by incorporating
the gross rock volume factored by the net pay thickness in the prospective intervals, oil filled porosity and formation volume factor.
The summary of UPIIP oil volumes for the prospective intervals within the La Luna is presented in Table 1.
Probabilistic distributions & results. As it can be observed in the summary of results (Table 1), the oil filled porosity at the north
area has: p10= 3.46%, p50=5.03% and p90=6.04%, while at the south is p10=3.37%, p50=5.57, and p90=7.14%. The mean net
thickness at north is: 61.83ft, contrasting with a lower one at the south: 42.63ft. The Volumetric factor (Boi) has constant values of:
p10=0.9, p50=0.81 and p90=0.72. The gross rock volume was employed with a normal distribution as well as the volumetric factor,
while it was applied a log normal distribution for the net to gross ratio (Table 1).

9. FIRST APPROACH FOR QUANTIFYING UNDISCOVERED PETROLEUM INITIALLY IN PLACE ON UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES 9
FOR A NEW PLAY IN THE CRETACEOUS LA LUNA FORMATION, AT THE NORTH OF THE MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY BASIN, COLOMBIA
OIL RESERVOIR PARAMETERS
AREA
La Luna
North
La Luna
South
Total
MEAN AREA: acre 39206.00 170174.00 209380.00
Mean Gross Thickness: ft 262.67 120.50 191.58
Mean Net Thickness: ft 61.83 42.63 52.23
MEAN OIL FILLED POROSITY (%) 4.68 4.80 4.74
P90 6.04 7.14 6.59
P50 5.03 5.57 5.30
P10 3.46 3.37 3.41
1/Boi (vol/rvol) 0.81 0.81 0.81
P90 0.72 0.72 0.72
P50 0.81 0.81 0.81
P10 0.90 0.90 0.90
GROSS LEASE UNDISCOVERED
PETROLEUM‐INITIALLY‐IN‐PLACE
(MMBBL)
1373.70 4878.90 6252.60
Low Estimate (P90) 515.40 2127.50 2642.90
Best Estimate (P50) 1140.70 4166.00 5306.70
High Estimate (P10) 2085.90 6714.00 8799.90
MEAN RESOURCE
CONCENTRATION (MBBL/ACRE)
35.04 28.67 29.86
Table 1. Summary of input petrophysical and volumetric calculations of the La Luna Fm., employed for the probabilistic calculation
of resources (UPIIP), in the area of study (north and south blocks).
Despite the thickness of the net pay intervals is slightly thicker in the northern area (Net Pay 62ft vs. 43ft), the remarkably greater
extension of the southern area influences directly the bigger volumes and therefore the estimated resources (4879MMBO vs.
1374MMBO, respectively), regardless of its higher density of resources (35 Mbbl/Acre vs. 29 Mbbl/Acre). The results of this study
exhibit the great potential of the La Luna Fm. in the North of the MMV basin, with a resource concentration of close to 30000 barrels
of oil per acre, which represents approximately 6250 million barrels of undiscovered petroleum initially in place.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The assessment of the La Luna Formation at the north of Middle Magdalena Basin specifically in Petronorte’s blocks reveals an
unconventional potential of approximately 6250 million barrels of undiscovered petroleum initially in place (UPIIP). In the area of
study, this unit exhibits the unique characteristics of amount, quality and thermal maturity of organic matter, to possess an average
resource concentration of 30000 barrels of oil per acre.
This study is part of the many recent efforts to analyze the La Luna Fm. as an unconventional reservoir in Colombia. However, since
this is one of the first published quantification of such potential, the authors expect to encourage others to continue evaluating this
subject.
Although the ideal set of electric logs and core tests was not available for this study, it was possible to obtain a reliable approach to the
quantification of unconventional resources of the La Luna Formation, by the employment of industry’s proven techniques, like the
Passey’s method to tie geochemical rock properties to the electric logs and thus allowing the definition of volumetric parameters.

10. 10 DANIEL ROJAS, MARIO PRINCE, ANDREA GALEANO AND CHRISTIAN SÁNCHEZ
The availability of a full set of geochemical and geomechanical core tests is a key factor to decrease to decrease the uncertainty of
assumptions to assess for resources and reserves for instance, the minimum burial depth for oil biodegradation, the precise mineralogy
composition and brittleness for fracturing design, etc.
References
1. Barrero, D., Pardo, A., Vargas, C & Martínez, J. 2007. “Colombian Sedimentary Basins: Nomenclature, Boundaries and
Petroleum Geology, a New Proposal”. ANH, Bogotá. p.92.
2. Rolon L. 2004. “Structural Geometry of the Jura-Cretaceous Rift of the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin-Colombia”. Msc. Tesis.
West Virginia University. p.3.
3. Clavijo, J., 1996. “Mapa geológico de Colombia”, Plancha 75 – Aguachica. Ingeominas. Memoria explicativa, pp. 1-48.
Bucaramanga. p.1-48
4. Hedberg, H. D. and Sass, L. C., 1937. “Synopsis of the geologic formations of the western part of the Maracaibo basin,
Venezuela”, Bol. Geol. y Min. (Venezuela), 1(2-4): p.73-112.
5. Morales, L.G. and the Colombian Petroleum Industry, 1958. “General Geology and Oil occurrences of Middle Magdalena Valley,
Colombia”, in Habitat of Oil: A Symposium (L.G.Weeks ed.), Tulsa, AAPG Bulletin: p.641-695.
6. Passey, Q.R., S. Creaney, J.B. Kulla, F.J. Moretti, and J.D. Stroud, 1990. “A Practical Model for Organic Richness from Porosity
and Resistivity Logs”. AAPG Bulletin (v.74 /12). p.1777-1794.
7. Sondergeld, C. H., Newsham, K. E., Comisky, J. T., Rice, M. C., and Rai, C. S., 2010, “Petrophysical Considerations in
Evaluating and Producing Shale Gas Resources”, SPE 131768, SPE Unconventional Gas Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
23-25, 2010.
8. Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE, American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG, World Petroleum Council WPC and
Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers SPEE, 2011. “Guidelines for Application of the Petroleum Resources Management
System (PRMS)”. Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE. November, 2011. p.2-30.
Equations
1. Passey’s Delta Log R, based on sonic and resistivity logs. Passey, Q. R., et al, 1990.
2. Dual Water Model. Passey et al 1990. Passey, Q. R., et al, 1990.