GCWUS

1. Presented to: Dr. Saadia Shaukat
Presented by: Sana Hira (13)
MS. 2nd Semester
Presented to: Dr. Saadia Shaukat
Presented by: Sana Hira (13)
MS. 2nd Semester

3. ‘‘Energy derived from the living matter through bio. processes’’
Biofuels may be solid, liquid or gaseous in nature.
1. Solid: Wood, dried plant material, and manure
2. Liquid: Bioethanol and Biodiesel
3. Gaseous: Biogas

6.  Great alternative for fossil fuels
A biofuel has all the characteristics required in
an ideal fuel:

17. Advantages Disadvantages

23. Advantages of Biogas
• Reduce air and water pollution
• More environmentally friendly
fertilizers
• Reduced greenhouse gas
emissions
• Concerns about waste
management in the agriculture
and food industry
 Applications of Biogas

24.  Reduce wastes
 Cleaner air
 New agricultural markets
 Improve balance of payments
 Global warming reduction
 Not an absolute substitute to fossil fuels
 Benefit developing nations

25.  Abbi M., Kuhad R.C., Singh A.(1996). Bioconversion of
pentose sugars to ethanol by free and immobilized cells of
Candida shehatate: Fermentation behaviour, Process
Biochemistry.31(6):555-560.
 Brandberg T., Karimi K., Taherzadeh M., Franzen C J.,
Gustasson L.(2007). Continuous fermentation of wheat
supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate with different types of
cell retention, Biotechnology Bioengineering.98(1):80-9
 Cardona C.A., Sanchez O J.(2007). Fuel ethnol production:
process design trends and integration opportunities,
Bioresource Technology.98:2415- 2457 • Oura E.(1977).
Reaction products of yeast fermentation, Process
Biochemistry.12(3):19-21