Group 6 presented information on biomass including: - Biomass is organic matter from living or recently living organisms including wood, crops, waste and more. - It is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. - Biomass can be converted through thermal or biochemical processes like combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, fermentation and more. - Applications include biofuels like bioethanol and biodiesel, chemicals, composite materials, bioremediation, agriculture and waste management. - Laws in the Philippines promote the development and use of biomass and biofuels.

1. GROUP 6
Avila, Brythchell | Aying, Jeli Nichole T. | Estillore, Leodigary Jess C. | Dano, Ma.Fatima A.
BIOM ASS

2. Any organic matter derived from living or recently living
organisms.
It can include a wide range of materials, such as wood,
crop residues, agricultural wastes, algae, and animal
manure
Primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and
lignin, which are complex carbohydrates and polymers
BIOMASS

3. structural
making up the
framework of plant cell
of
walls. It is composed
repeating units of glucose
molecules linked together
cellulose Hemicellulose
more branched and less
crystalline compared to
cellulose.
Lignin
a complex polymer that
provides rigidity and
strength to plant cell
walls. I
t is made up of
phenylpropane units and
forms a three-
dimensional network in
biomass.

4. TYPES OF BIOMASS
WOOD
CROP RESIDUES

5. TYPES OF BIOMASS
AGRICULTURAL
WASTES
ANIMAL MANURE

6. BIOMASS CONVERSION
METHODS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES:
a. Combustion
b. Pyrolysis
c. Gasification
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
a. Fermentation
b. Enzymatic hydrolysis

7. burning in the presence of oxygen to produce heat/electricity
Involves the rapid oxidation of biomass, resulting in the release of heat energy
Produces greenhouse gases as byproducts
Combustion

8. A process where biomass is heated in the
absence of oxygen
Produces solid, liquid, and gaseous
products
Biochar (solid product)
Produce a stable carbon-rich product
Pyrolysis

9. A process that converts biomass into a
synthetic gas (syngas)
Syngas =a mixture of hydrogen, carbon
monoxide, and other gases.
Produce a clean-burning fuel with lower
emissions but requires careful control of
operating conditions
Gasification

10. microorganisms break down
biomass into simpler compounds,
such as sugars and organic acids,
through anaerobic or aerobic
processes.
Low-emission process
Can use a wide range of biomass
feedstocks
Fermentation
Fermentation is a process where
Enzymatic
Hydrolysis
Enzymatic hydrolysis process
where enzymes are used to
break down biomass into
simpler sugars
a more specific and efficient
process compared to other
methods
can be costly due to the need
for specialized enzymes
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Digestion
organic material is broken down by
bacteria, in the absence of oxygen,
to create methane-rich biogas. This
can then be burned to generate
heat and electricity.

11. example process:
hydrolyzer
heated for 5 days in
1
80 degrees.
food waste
food waste +
animal manure
Anaerobic Digester
102 degrees for 30 days
microbes occur from the
manure, digest the organic
waste and emit biogas.
Purification of the biogas
contained in an
upgrader.
unwanted gas like
co2 and h2s are
removed.
Renewable natural gas
enters the existing gas pipeline
infrastructure providing local
homes and buildings
renewable energy
Anaerobic Digestion

12. example process:
Milled Biomass
H2O ACID STEAM
ENZYM ES
BASE
nutrients
seed tank

13. BIOETHANOL
A biofuel that can be produced
from biomass feedstocks such as
starch, and cellulose-containing
materials, through a series of
chemical reactions
Can be used as a fuel additive or
as a standalone fuel in
transportation
BIODIESEL
A type of biofuel that can be
produced from vegetable oils,
animal fats, and other lipid-
containing feedstocks through
a process called
transesterification.
a renewable and biodegradable
alternative to fossil diesel with
lower emissions of particulate
matter and greenhouse gases
BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

14. Chemicals and Materials
from Biomass

15. Bio-based chemicals
organic acids, solvents, and platform chemicals, through chemical
or biochemical processes.
can be used as alternatives to petrochemicals in a wide range of
applications, including plastics, coatings, adhesives, and
pharmaceuticals
Bioplastics
starch, cellulose, or lignin, through various processes, including
polymerization, fermentation, or blending.
they are biodegradable, renewable, and can have lower greenhouse
gas emissions during production

16. Composite Materials
Biomass can be used as a reinforcement or filler in composite materials,
such as biocomposites or bio-based composites, which combine
biomass-derived components with polymers or other materials.
can have improved mechanical properties, lower environmental impacts,
and potential for bimodegradability or recyclability, making them
attractive for various applications, including automotive parts,
construction materials, and packaging

17. Environmental
Impacts of
Biomass
Utilization

18. Reduce greenhouse gases
carbon capture & storage
Renewable and sustainable
source of energy:

19. Environmental Concerns
Land use changes
can impact biodiversity, soil quality, and water quality
Water Use
can pose challenges in regions with limited water
resources
Air Emissions
impacts on local air quality and human health

20. Applications of Biomass
beyond Biofuels and
Chemicals

21. BIOREM EDIATION
the use of living organisms or their
components to remove or
neutralize pollutants from the
environment (Pichtel, 201
8, p. 97).
AGRICULTURE
Resource of organic fertilizers

22. Composting
Anaerobic Digestion
Waste-to-energy
W
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23. PHILIPPINE AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS
RELATED TO BIOMASS
1.Biofuels Act of 2006 (Philippines):
2.Clean Air Act (Philippines):
3.Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (Philippines):
4.International Treaties Agreements: Paris
Agreement under UNFCC (United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change

24. Biofuels Act of 2006 (Philippines):
Promotes the development and use of biofuels,
including biomass-based biofuels, as a renewable
and sustainable source of energy (Republic Act No.
9367).
Clean Air Act (Philippines):
Includes provisions related to biomass utilization and
biomass burning
Aims to regulate and minimize air emissions from
biomass conversion processes, such as combustion
and gasification (Republic Act No. 8749).

25. Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (Philippines):
Promotes the development, utilization, and
commercialization of renewable energy sources, including
biomass, to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and
mitigate climate change (Republic Act No. 9513).
International Treaties Agreements: Paris Agreement under
UNFCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
promote the use of renewable energy sources, including
biomass, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and
address climate change (United Nations, 201
5).

26. GROUP 6
Avila, Brythchell | Aying, Jeli Nichole T. | Estillore, Leodigary Jess C. | Dano, Ma.Fatima A.
T
TH
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