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Operators and expressons
- 2. Operator • Is a symbol that directs the computer to perform certain operations. • Operations are performed on operands. • Operation is an action performed on one or more operands. • Operations can be mathematical or logical. • Operands can be a variable, constant, or an expression. • Are used to manipulate data and variables. • Usually form a part of mathematical or logical expressions. • Can be unary, binary or ternary. By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 2
- 3. Classification of operators Arithmetic Relational Logical Assignment Increment and decrement Conditional Bitwise Special By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 3
- 4. Arithmetic Operators + •Addition or unary plus • a+b - •Subtraction or unary minus • a-b * •multiplicatiion • a*b / •Division • a/b % •Modulo division • a%b By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 4
- 5. Types of Arithmetic operators Integer arithmetic Real arithmetic Mixed-mode arithmetic By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 5
- 6. Relational operators < • is less than • a<b <= • is less than or equal to • a<=b > • is greater than • a>b >= • is greater than or equal to • a>=b == • is equal to • a==b != • is not equal to • a!=b By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 6
- 7. Logical operators && - Logical AND || - Logical OR ! - Logical NOT By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 7
- 8. Logical operators Operand 1 Operand 2 Value of the expression Operand 1 && Operand 2 Operand 1 || Operand 2 Non-zero Non-zero 1 1 Non-zero 0 0 1 0 Non-zero 0 1 0 0 0 0 By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 8
- 9. Assignment operators • Most commonly used binary operator. By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 9 Operator Use Effect += a+=b; a=a+b; -= a-=b; a=a-b; *= a*=b; a=a*b; /= a/=b; a=a/b; %= a%=b; a=a%b;
- 10. Increment & decrement operator ++m m++ ++ --m m-- -- By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 10
- 11. Rules for ++ and - - operator Are unary operators and require variables as their operands. When postfix ++ (or --) used with a variable, expression is evaluated with the original value of the variable and then incremented or decremented. When prefix ++v(or --) used, the variable is incremented first and expression is evaluated using the new value of the variable. Precedence and associativity is same as unary + or unary -. By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 11
- 12. Conditional operator It is a ternary operator. exp1?exp2:exp3 exp1, exp2, exp3 are expressions. x=(a>b)?a:b; By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 12
- 13. Bitwise operator & • Bitwise AND | • Bitwise OR ^ • Bitwise exclusive OR << • Shift left >> • Shift right By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 13
- 14. Special operators The comma operator The sizeof operator • Can be used to link the related expressions. • e.g. x=10, y=15 • It is a compile time operator. • Returns the number of bytes the operand occupies. • e.g. m=sizeof(sum); n=sizeof(long int); By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 14
- 15. Expressions Is a formula Operands are linked together by the use of operators to calculate a value. Operand can be a function, a variable, a constant or an array. e.g. a-b; c+d; etc. By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 15
- 17. Precedence & associativity of operators By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 17 Precedence rules decide the order in which different operations are applied. Associativity rules decide in which multiple occurrences of the same level operator are applied.
- 18. Precedence & associativity By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 18 Operator Description Associativity Rank ( ) Function call Left to Right 1 [ ] Array element reference + Unary plus Right to left 2 - Unary minus ++ Increment -- Decrement ! Logical negation ~ One’s complement * Pointer reference(indirection) & Address sizeof Size of an object (type) Type cast(conversion)
- 19. Precedence & associativity Operator Description Associativity Rank * Multiplication Left to Right 3 / Division % Modulus + Addition Left to right 4 - Subtraction << Left shift Left to right 5 >> Right shift < Less than Left to right 6 <= Less than or equal to > Greater than >= Greater than or equal to == Equality Left to right 7 |= Inequality By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 19
- 20. Precedence & associativity Operator Description Associativity Rank & Bitwise AND Left to right 8 ^ Bitwise XOR Left to right 9 | Bitwise OR Left to right 10 && Logical AND Left to right 11 || Logical OR Left to right 12 ? : Conditional expression Right to left 13 = Assignment operators Right to left 14 *=, /=, %= +=, -=, &= ^=, |= <<=, >>= , Comma operator Left to right 15 By:SatveerKaur,AssistantProfessor,Khalsa College,Patiala. 20