Winning PPT for ISA Project

1. “ALL THE PEOPLE ARE BORN FREE AND HAVE THE
RIGHT TO LIVE FREE”
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN MYANMAR
AND SYRIA

2. MEANING OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• 1.Human Beings are rational beings. They by virtue of their being human
possess certain basic and inalienable rights which are commonly known as
human rights.
• Human rights become operative with the birth of an individual. Human
rights, being the birth right, are inherent in all the individuals irrespective
of their caste, religion, sex and nationality. Because of their immense
significance to human beings ; human rights are also sometimes referred to
as fundamental rights, basic rights, inherent rights, natural rights and birth
rights
• . The World conference On Human Rights held in 1993 in Vienna stated in
the Declaration that all human rights derive from the dignity and worth
inherent in the human person , and that the human person is the central
subject of human rights and fundamental rights

3. IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Human rights ensure people have basic needs met
2. Human rights protect vulnerable groups from abuse
3. Human rights allow people to stand up to societal corruption
4. Human rights encourage freedom of speech and expression
5. Human rights give people the freedom to practice their religion (or not
practice any)
6. Human rights allows people to love who they choose
7. Human rights encourage equal work opportunities
8. Human rights give people access to education
9. Human rights protect the environment
10. Human rights provide a universal standard that holds governments
accountable

4. VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• Human rights advocates agree that, sixty years after its issue,
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is still more a
dream than reality. Violations exist in every part of the world.
For example, Amnesty Internationals 2009 World Report and
other sources show that individuals are:
• Tortured or abused in at least 81 countries
• Face unfair trials in at least 54
countries
• Restricted in their freedom of expression in at least 77
countries

5. TYPES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• Types of human rights violation include child trafficking, dowry, sexual
harassment, early marriage, child labour, polygamy, genocide, slavery,
medical experimentation, war crimes and rape are common
• For instance, if we talk about child labour, it is a common social
phenomenon in south Asia. These children do not get proper education,
food, shelter and treatment. Many a times, their lives are in danger and
yet the progress made on this front is far from satisfactory.
• Similarly, dowry is a social curse which often leads to killing of the brides.
Child trafficking is in existence since ages but do we really see any
improvement in this regard? Sexual harassment and rape are barbaric acts
of human rights violation taking place in many parts of the globe.
Genocide and war crimes assault the fundamental and political rights of
the victims.
VIOLATIONS

6. Myanmar (Burma)
Myanmar (formerly Burma) is a
Southeast Asian nation of more than
100 ethnic groups, bordering India,
Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand.
Yangon (formerly Rangoon), the
country's largest city, is home to
bustling markets, numerous parks and
lakes, and the towering, gilded
Shwedagon Pagoda, which contains
Buddhist relics and dates to the 6th
century.
Capital: Naypyitaw

7. History Of Myanmar
• Used to be known as Burma
• British conquered Burma after three Anglo Burmese
wars in the 19th century
• Became an independent, democratic nation in 1948
• Ruled by a military dictatorship following a coup in 1962 until 2011
• Democratic reforms post-2011 → However, 25% of legislature seats
are reserved for the military

8. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN MYANMAR
• Freedom of religion, minority rights, and
internal conflict
Myanmar has been under the rule of repressive
authoritarian military regimes since 1962. After the 1974
Socialist constitution was suspended in 1988, constitutional
protection of religious freedom has not existed, after the
bloody suppression of the 8888 Uprising. The authorities
generally permitted most adherents of registered religious
groups to worship as they choose;
however, the government imposed restrictions on certain
religious activities and is accused of abusing the right
to freedom of religion.

9. 2.Freedom of speech and political freedom
• A 2004 Amnesty International report stated that, between 1989 and 2004, more
than 1,300 political prisoners have been imprisoned after unfair trials. The
prisoners, including National League for Democracy (NLD) leaders Aung San Suu
Kyi and U Tin Oo, have "been wrongfully denied their liberty for peaceful acts
that would not be considered crimes under international law", Amnesty
International claims.
3.Freedom of the press
• The Burmese media is tightly controlled by the government. Newspapers, journals and
other publications are run under the Ministry of Information and undergo
heavy censorship before publication. Reporters face severe consequences for criticising
government officials, policy, or even reporting on criticism. Restrictions on media
censorship were significantly eased in August 2012 following demonstrations by
hundreds of protesters who wore shirts demanding that the government "Stop Killing
the Press".

10. CASE STUDY -ROHINGYA
1. Who are the Rohingya?
• The Rohingya are a Muslim minority of 1.3 million, formerly living in the
Rakhine State within Myanmar. They are stateless and often looked down
upon by many people in Myanmar. The Rohingya people are not
considered citizens, have not been able to take part in census polls and are
not included in the 135 official ethnic groups that comprise the foundation
of the country.
2. Where is Rohingya Crisis happening?
• The majority of the current refugee crisis exists in Bangladesh, specifically
surrounding the refugee camps in Cox's Bazar. Kutupalong and Nayapara
started as the two registered refugee camps. After 1992, when more and
more Rohingya families began fleeing into Bangladesh, smaller fields were
built surrounding the official hubs, causing even more overcrowding and
limited availability of resources. There are now an
estimated 919,000 refugees living in Cox’s Bazar.

11. • Kutupalong is the largest refugee camp area to date. The Rohingya are
flooding into Cox's Bazar in search of shelter, food, safe drinking water and
often healthcare. Those who arrive have few, if any, belongings, and are
searching for aid and resources that are steadily declining in availability.
3.Why people are fleeing from Myanmar?
• Years of violence, discrimination and prejudice have launched
some uprisings on the part of the Rohingya. Many Rohingya
villages have been targeted and destroyed by fire in the Rakhine
State, forcibly displacing the Rohingya population. The Rohingya
refugee crisis began in their homeland, much of which has been
demolished and continues to burn and fade away.
*To understand let’s watch a video –

13. SYRIA
• Syria, officially the Syrian Arab
Republic, is a country in Western
Asia, bordering Lebanon to the
southwest, the Mediterranean
Sea to the west, Turkey to the
north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to
the south, and Israel to the
southwest.
• Capital: Damascus

14. HISTORY OF SYRIA
• Syria is home to one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a rich
artistic and cultural heritage. From its ancient roots to its recent
political instability and the Syrian Civil War, the country has a
complex and, at times, tumultuous history.
• When the Roman Empire fell, Syria became part of the Eastern
or Byzantine Empire.
• In 637 A.D., Muslim armies defeated the Byzantine Empire and took
control of Syria. The Islamic religion spread quickly throughout the
region, and its different factions rose to power.

15. • Damascus eventually became the capital of the Islamic world, but
was replaced by Baghdad in Iraq around 750 A.D. This change led to
economic decline in Syria, and for the next several centuries, the
region became unstable and was ruled by various groups.
• In 1516, the Ottoman Empire conquered Syria and remained in power
until 1918. This was considered a relatively peaceful and stable
period in Syria’s history.

16. BASHAR AL-ASSAD- THE
MASTERMIND OF SYRIAN CIVIL
WAR
• When his father Hafez al-Assad died in 2000, his son Bashar became
president at age 34.
• After Bashar took power, the constitution was amended to reduce the
minimum age of the president from 40 to 34.
• A medical student, Bashar wasn’t the first choice for successor. His older
brother, Bassel, was the next in line to take his father’s place, but he was
killed in an automobile accident in 1994.
• At the start of his presidency, Bashar al-Assad released 600 political
prisoners, and Syrians were hopeful that their new leader would grant
more freedoms and impose less oppression than his father.
• However, within a year, Bashar used threats and arrests to stop pro-reform
activism.

17. REASONS FOR SYRIAN
UPRISING
• Political repression
• Discredited ideology & Uneven economy
• Drought & Population growth
• New media
• Corruption & State violence
• Minority rule
• Tunisia effect

18. THE BEGINNING
• Pro-democracy protests erupted in March 2011 (Arab Spring).
• After security forces opened fire on demonstrators, killing several,
more took to the streets.
• The unrest triggered nationwide protests demanding President
Assad's resignation.
• The government's use of force to crush the dissent merely hardened
the protesters' resolve.
• Opposition supporters eventually began to take up arms, first to
defend themselves and later to expel security forces from their local
areas.

19. THE DESCENT INTO WAR
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing armed conflict taken place in Syria.
The armed opposition consist of various groups like free Syrian army
and Islamic front.
In 2013 Islamic state of Iraq and the Levant, made rapid military gains
from Syria and Iraq.
Alawite government forces, militias and other Shia groups fighting
largely against Sunni dominated rebel groups.

21. 1.National
The deadliest single day in Syria saw death tolls of 397 people. Overall
the death toll sits somewhere around 2,20,000. Generally the people
have lost faith. Almost all have spread to neighboring countries.
2.Citizens
Increasing numbers of refugees are attempting to reach Europe.
According to human rights organizations and United Nations human
rights violations are committed by both Syrian government and rebels.
Violence against woman – approximately 6000 women have been
raped.
EFFECTS OF SYRIAN WAR

22. • The violence in Syria caused millions to flee their home. Infectious
diseases have spread rebel held areas , due to the collapse of
sanitation and deteriorating living condition. Children affected by the
Syrian conflict are at risk of becoming ill, malnourished, abused, or
exploited. Millions have been forced to quit school.
3.ECONOMIC EFFECTS
• The economy has shrunk 45% since the start of the conflict.
Unemployment increased 5 fold. Its currency decreased one-sixth
from its pre-war value. The public sector lost US $ 15 billion.

23. Conclusion
As said by Dalai Lama – Peace can only last where human rights are
respected, people are fed, and where individuals and nations are free.
War only brings loss of life and property. As we know peace cannot be
achieved by violence it can only be achieved through understanding.
To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.
THANK YOU!

24. BIBILOGRAPHY
• https://www.history.com/news/syria-civil-war-assad-rebels
• Syria profile – Timeline: BBC News.
• https://www.mercycorps.org/articles/bangladesh/rohingya-refugee-
crisis-quick-facts
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04axDDRVy_o&t=7s
• The Globalization of World Politics- By John Baylis , Steve Smith,
Patricia Owens International Law and Human Rights- By NK
Jayakumar.
• International Law and Human Rights- By Dr. H.O. Agarwal.
• International Law and Human Rights- By Dr. S.K. Kapoor.

25. EFFORTS BY-
• Preeti House
Jahanvi Rajpal
Tamanna Singh Dalal
Divkaran
Sarthak