Risk factors for teen drug use (including alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs and street drugs) · Friends that use drugs, and try to get you to use drugs (also called peer pressure) · Easy access to a parent or friend’s prescription medications or drugs · Lack of adult supervision, such as being home alone often · Traumatic experiences, such as sexual assault or loss of a loved one · Strained relationships with family members, especially parents · Poor grades in school · Behavioral problems, such as getting into fights or shoplifting · Belief that drugs can’t harm you, or that using drugs is “normal” · Depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders If you have one or more of these risk factors, it does not mean that you will end up using drugs. However, it does mean that you are at a higher risk for using drugs. While there are many risk factors for teen drug use, there are also many protective factors that may make you less likely to use drugs, such as self-control, family relationships, academic success, and community ties. References Guillén. (2015). Youth alcohol drinking behavior: Associated risk and protective factors. Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología Y Salud, 6(2), 53-63. doi:10.1016/j.rips.2015.03.001 Nargiso, J. E., Ballard, E. L., & Skeer, M. R. (2015). A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs among youth in the United States: a social ecological perspective. Journal of studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76(1), 5-20. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2003, October 1). Preventing drug use among children and adolescents (In brief). Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/preventing-drug-use-among-children-adolescents-in-brief on 2019, September 18 Simmons, S., & Suarez, L. (2016). Substance abuse and trauma. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 25(4), 723-734. Treatment Options Type of treatment settings: Outpatient treatment Intensive outpatient treatment and partial hospitalization Residential/inpatient treatment Medically managed intensive inpatient treatment (Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014) Treatment strategies with behavioral approach: Cognitive behavioral therapy Contingency management Motivational enhancement therapy Twelve step facilitation therapy (Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014) Family-based approaches: Strategic family therapy Family behavior therapy Functional family therapy (Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014) Recovery support groups: Assertive continuing care Peer recovery support services Twelve-step and mutual help groups Recovery high schools (Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014) Pharmacotherapy: There are no medications that are currently approved to treat adolescent addiction. Reports indicate that physicians will sometimes prescribed addiction treatment medications to older adults, but it varies (Winters, Botzet, Fahnhorst, Stinchfield, & Koskey,.

1. Risk factors for teen drug use (including alcohol, tobacco,
prescription drugs and street drugs)
· Friends that use drugs, and try to get you to use drugs (also
called peer pressure)
· Easy access to a parent or friend’s prescription medications or
drugs
· Lack of adult supervision, such as being home alone often
· Traumatic experiences, such as sexual assault or loss of a
loved one
· Strained relationships with family members, especially parents
· Poor grades in school
· Behavioral problems, such as getting into fights or shoplifting
· Belief that drugs can’t harm you, or that using drugs is
“normal”
· Depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders
If you have one or more of these risk factors, it does not mean
that you will end up using drugs. However, it does mean that
you are at a higher risk for using drugs. While there are many
risk factors for teen drug use, there are also many protective
factors that may make you less likely to use drugs, such as self-
control, family relationships, academic success, and community
ties.
References
Guillén. (2015). Youth alcohol drinking behavior: Associated
risk and protective factors. Revista Iberoamericana De
Psicología Y Salud, 6(2), 53-63. doi:10.1016/j.rips.2015.03.001
Nargiso, J. E., Ballard, E. L., & Skeer, M. R. (2015). A
systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with
nonmedical use of prescription drugs among youth in the United
States: a social ecological perspective. Journal of studies on
Alcohol and Drugs, 76(1), 5-20.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2003, October 1). Preventing
drug use among children and adolescents (In brief). Retrieved
from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/preventing-drug-

2. use-among-children-adolescents-in-brief on 2019, September 18
Simmons, S., & Suarez, L. (2016). Substance abuse and
trauma. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North
America, 25(4), 723-734.
Treatment Options
Type of treatment settings:
Outpatient treatment
Intensive outpatient treatment and partial hospitalization
Residential/inpatient treatment
Medically managed intensive inpatient treatment
(Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014)
Treatment strategies with behavioral approach:
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Contingency management
Motivational enhancement therapy
Twelve step facilitation therapy
(Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014)
Family-based approaches:
Strategic family therapy
Family behavior therapy
Functional family therapy
(Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014)
Recovery support groups:
Assertive continuing care
Peer recovery support services
Twelve-step and mutual help groups
Recovery high schools
(Winters, Tanner-Smith, Bresani, & Meyers, 2014)

3. Pharmacotherapy:
There are no medications that are currently approved to treat
adolescent addiction. Reports indicate that physicians will
sometimes prescribed addiction treatment medications to older
adults, but it varies (Winters, Botzet, Fahnhorst, Stinchfield, &
Koskey, 2016). There are no current treatments to treat
addiction to cocaine, cannabis, and methamphetamine in any
age group (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014).
References
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2014). Principles of
adolescent substance use disorder treatment: A research-based
guide. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/
publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-
treatment-research-based-guide
Winters, K., Tanner-Smith, E., Bresani, E., & Meyers, K.
(2014). Current advances in the treatment of adolescent drug
use. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 199.
doi:10.2147/ahmt.s48053
Winters, K. C., Botzet, A. M., Fahnhorst, T., Stinchfield, R., &
Koskey, R. (2016). Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment: A
Review of Evidence-Based Research. Adolescent Substance
Abuse, 73-96. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09732-9_4
How drugs affect a teens brain:
ADDICTION
Drugs change how the brain works, causing people who use
them to become addicted. Being addicted to drugs means the
person can’t stop using the drugs even if they really want to.
Even if the drugs cause serious illness and bad consequences,
the person is physically addicted. People often need lots of

4. treatment and support to heal the damage done to the brain.
REWIRING
Once the person uses drugs for a long time, the brain begins to
rewire itself, making the drugs less pleasurable as in the
beginning. Drugs affect the part of the brain that is responsible
for emotions, behavior control, sleep, learning, memory, and
decision making. Imaging if these areas of your brain are still
growing, and you are taking drugs that impact them!? Marijuana
use that begins in teen years is linked specifically to lower IQ
and poor grades.
LOSING CONTROL
Drugs like marijuana and alcohol impact a persons’
coordination skills, driving abilities, reflexes, and judgment.
Using these drugs, in addition to others, causes people to lose
control over their current situation, leaving the person in a
vulnerable state, and potentially in a dangerous situation that
they have little control over.
FEAR AND RAGE
Using drugs such as stimulants, otherwise known as cocaine,
methamphetamine, prescription stimulants, and steroids can
cause symptoms of hostility, rage, fear, anxiety, and paranoia.
MEMORY MELTDOWN
Abusing many of these drugs can cause memory problems in the
brain. Alcohol can cause you to blackout, or lose consciousness.
Smoking marijuana can cause short term memory loss, making it
hard to remember what you just did or said.
References
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2015, April 7). Drugs and
the Brain. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-
topics/drugs-brain

5. Community Education Project
As a patient advocate, the psychiatric nurse practitioner is often
called upon by communities to help educate its members in a
variety of mental health areas. Frequently the nurse practitioner
must do a community assessment in order to clearly identify the
problem to more effectively assist the community members in
meeting their educational needs. You will do a community
education project for this course. The purpose of this
assignment is to provide the student the opportunity to plan,
develop, execute, and evaluate a community education project
for a community in need.
The format of your project will be a Power Point
Presentation. On Substance abuse in young adults, with an
emphasis on education/primary prevention.
Presentation requirements will be no more than 25 content
slides (excluding the title and reference slides).
These assignments will give you the opportunity to show your
creativity and practice your professional presentation skills.
Section 1: Identifies problem, provides documentation of
relevance of topic, identifies target population, states
measurable objectives related to topic
Section 2: How drugs affect teen brain
Section 3: Harmful consequences of teen drug abuse
Section 4: Treatment options
Section 5: Risk factors for teen drug abuse
Section 6: Identifies measurable objectives again, includes
measurable objective tool, identifies role of nurse practitioner
in follow-up education, identifies community resources
Section 7: put presentation together, makes sure ppt is
grammatically correct, free of bias and typos, bright and
colorful to engage audience, interesting and informative,
ensures all resources are within last 5 years