2. Out lines:
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Audio visual aids
Purpose and Importance of Audio Visual Aids
Factors Affecting Media Selection
Types of Audiovisual aids
1- AUDIO-AIDS
2- Visual aids
3- AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
3. Objectives :-
At the end of this lecture students will able to :-
Define Audio visual aids
Discuss Purpose of Audio Visual Aids
Discuss importance of Audio Visual Aids
Discuss Factors Affecting Media Selection
Enumerate Types of Audiovisual aids
1- AUDIO-AIDS
2- Visual aids
3- AUDIO-VISUALAIDS
4. Education is necessary for everyone.
Teaching and learning are important elements of education.
The teacher use different methods and materials to teach their
students and their effective learning.
Audio visual aids are effective tools for teaching and learning.
In audio visual teaching, attention is paid to the audio and visual
presentation of the material with the goal of effective learning and
retention.
5. Using audio visual technology sensory experiences are
stimulated. This method includes pictures, slides, radios, videos
and other audio visual tools.
In the current digital world, audio visual aids have grown
exponentially with several multimedia such as educational DVDs,
power point, online lectures.
The objective of audio visual aids is to enhance teacher’s ability to
present lesson in simple, effective and easy to understand for
students.
The outcome is to promote audiovisual material in secondary
school.
The visual instruments make ideas more concrete to the learners.
6. AUDIO VISUALAIDS DEFINITION:
AV aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or
stimulate and reinforce learning.
AV aids are anything by means of which learning process may
be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or
sense of sight
Definition :-
Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make
the learning experience more concrete, more realistic and more
dynamic.
7.
8.
9. :purpose
-To visualize an item, it is otherwise difficult to explain only in
words.
-To highlight important points.
-To provide outline for materials covered in presentation.
-To show continuity in process.
-For creating problems and stimulating thinking.
-For showing development of suture.
10. Guidelines for preparing audio-visuals
1-Keep it simple.
2-Keep it relevant.
3-Keep it focused
4-Make it purposeful and meaningful
5-Fonts should be clear and easy to read
6-Explain visual aids concisely and clearly
sound of audio aid should be clear7-The
11. Guidelines for preparing audio-visuals
8-Display visual aids where listener can see them.
9-Avoid passing the visual aids among the audience.
10-Display visual aids only while discussing them.
11-Talk to your audience, not to your visual aids.
12. Factors Affecting Media Selection
1. Domain of educational objectives “relevant to
subject”.
2. Level of education of learner.
3. Age of learner.
4. Availability or according to facilities of equipment
and resources.
13. 5. Cost of equipment.
6. Environment “equipped or not”; as:
size of place, electricity etc.
7. Ability, interest & skills of teacher to use
some sort of media.
8. Number of learner.
16. 1- AUDIO-AIDS
•The first category of aids is Audio-Aids.
• Audio-aids help in developing the listening skill of an
educated .
•Audio-aids are those aids which can be only listened.
Examples, of such types of aids include, radio, recording
•One way communication: no possibility of students feed
back
17. (I) RADIO
• Radio program is called education radio-broadcasts, which
provides opportunity to the teachers and students to listen to the
program and take notes on them .
• As a follow-up activity, these programs also supplement the
presentation of a teacher in the classroom, whenever they are
deemed fit for the discourse.
18. •Advantages
1- widely available.
2- beneficial to visually impaired and low -literate patients
may be listened to repeatedly.
3- most forms very practical, cheap, small, and portable.
19. Disadvantage
•Relies only on sense of hearing
•Some forms may be expensive
•Lack of opportunity for interaction
• Between instructor and learner.
20. (II) Recording
•A tape recorder consists mainly of three parts-the
microphone, the amplifier and the receiver .
•The talks of eminent personalities, educationists,
academicians and scientists can be recorded and
reproduced in the classroom through this teaching aid
21. Advantages of Recording:
•Recording can play when we required
•the speech of a person can be recorded at any time
•It can be used for introducing as well as summarizing the
topic
•To evaluate the speech defect in one’s own speech
•To teach good pronunciation in foreign language
•Recording can be stopped at will
22. Disadvantages of Recording
•It occupies a lot of memory space
•No Centralized mechanism , So
Modifications are very difficult
•User may not have command on the
Recorded script, So locating errors is difficult
•Recorded scripts may be corrupted
23. 2- Visual aids
•(a) Projected
PROJECTED VISUAL AIDS
I. Definition of terms:
Projected visual aids are pictures shown upon a screen
by use of a certain type of machine such as a filmstrip
projector, slide projector , overhead projector .
• PROJECTED materials are useful for groups of 30 people or
less.
24. ADVANTAGE OF PROJECTED MATERIALS
1- Most effectively used with groups
2- may be especially beneficial to hearing-impaired , low-literate
patients
3- excellent for use in teaching psychomotor skills
25. Disadvantages of projected materials
1- Lack of flexibility due to static content for
some forms.
2- Some forms may be expensive.
3- Requires darkened room for some forms.
4- Requires special equipment for use
26. (b) SLIDE PROJECTOR
• Slide is a small piece of transparent material on which a single pictorial image
or scene or graphic image has been photographed or reproduced otherwise.
• Slides are a form of projected
27. • Media that are easy to prepare.
• They are still pictures on positive film which you can process and mount
individually yourself or send to a film laboratory.
• The standard size of the slides is 2 “X 2 “any 35mm camera will make
satisfactory slides.
28. Advantages
1- Requires only filming, processing and mounting by self or laboratory.
2- Results in colorful, realistic, reproduction original subject.
3- Preparation with any 35mm camera for most uses.
4- Easy to revise and up-date.
5- Easily handled, stored and re-arranged for various uses.
6- Can be combined with tape narration or can control time for discussion.
7- May be adapted to group or individual use
30. (c) Power point
It is feature of MS office which is used to
shorten the story or summaries it and
enhance it elements using different features
in it .
31. Criteria for using PowerPoint
1. Appropriate font sizes for presentations
a. Titles - 32 point minimum
b. Text in bulleted lists - 20 point minimum
2. Appropriate colors for visibility
a. High contrast for rooms with ambient light
b. Best is dark background with light letters.
c. Light background with dark letters OK
32. Criteria for using PowerPoint
3. Appropriate use of text (Rule of 6)
A- Slides should be an outline of talk – not every word you plan to say
b-Put whole talk in speaker notes only
C- Keep to 6 lines per slide – 6 words to line maximum.
d-Quotations are OK full text. Otherwise, no full sentences
e-Delete articles (the, a, an)
f- If concepts can be illustrated with images/visuals, use them instead of
words
33. Criteria for using PowerPoint
•4. Appropriate use of animation
•a. Animation should enhance, not distract
•b. Animation should not make the presentation run long
•c. Use subtle animation to show concepts, sequence, or focus
audience but only if time
•d. Use same transition between all slides
34. Advantages of PowerPoint
• Projects a professional image .
• Minimal expense
• Compact and portable .
• Slide shows are easy to email .
• Visuals easily edited .
• Allows easy insertion of graphics
• Slide show can be printed, copied and provided as handout material
during presentation .
35. Disadvantages of PowerPoint
1-The high speed may reduce participation of students
2- Neglect of interaction with students may make a lecture
monologue
3-Takes time to learn the software
4-Requires technical support and equipment
5-Some of features can distract audience
36. (d)Transparencies
, are popular instructional medium.
They are simple to prepare and easy to prepare and easy to
operate with the over head projector which is light weight.
A 10*10 inches sheet with printed, written or drawn material is
placed on the platform of the projector and a large image is projected
on a screen behind you.
The projector is used from near to the front of the room with the
teacher standing or sitting beside facing the student.
37. Tips for making effective transparencies
Have one main idea an each transparency.
Include only related figures and diagrams.
Use simple lettering style in writing.
Use diagrams in proposition to its lettering.
Keep the message clear and simple.
Emphasize the key messages.
Use color and lettering with discretion.
38. Advantages
Permits face to face interaction with the students.
Can be used in daylight conditions.
Can present information in systemic developmental sequences.
Requires limited planning and can be prepared in variety of
inexpensive methods.
Easily available.
40. Producing transparency
• use pens to create text or drawings on plastic or acetate sheets
• use a copy machine with transparency film designed for copiers
• use a computer and printer
41. Preparing transparencies
• • Mount transparencies in frames or insert them in plastic pockets
• • Number thetransparencies
• • Store the transparencies in a box envelope or a “pocket”
• Limit the information to one main idea and about 5-6 lines of large
type
• Use large lettering
• Print text
• Make graphics and drawings large enough to be seen
43. Purposes
To provide general motivation.
To create an esthetic or atmospheric effect.
To communicate a more general idea. To thrust the message for
leading to action
For the class room and community
44. Features of a good poster
Brevity : message should be concise.
Simplicity : message should be easily understandable.
Idea : should base on single idea and it should be relevant.
Color : suitable color and combination should be used to make the
poster attractive and eye catching.
Display : while displaying one should be sure to find a place where
there is adequate light and where the larger population will see it.
45. Advantages
It attracts attention
It conveys the message very quickly
It does not require a detailed study.
Good poster leads to action with good motivation
It can stand alone and is self explanatory
46. Disadvantages
Poster does not always give enough information.
When a poster is seen for longer time it may not attractive.
47. (f) Flip chart
A set of charts related to specific topic have been tagged together and
hang on a supporting stand.
The individual charts will carry a series of related materials or
messages in sequence
48. Advantages
• Inexpensive easy to move from room to room and don’t require
electricity.
• They are small group enough that several may be used
simultaneously e.g. for small group work.
• They are possible use by teacher and student.
• Pages of information can be prepared in advance and revealed at
appropriate points on the presentation.
• Can be converted to slides
49. Disadvantages
May require the use of graphics talent .
Not suitable for large audience setting .
May be difficult to transport
50. (j) FLANNEL BOARD
Is a storytelling system that uses a board covered with flannel fabric,
usually resting on an easel, although its primary use is as a
storytelling medium, rather than as a toy
51. ADVANTAGES
• Permits numerous and varied arrangements of visual materials.
• Permits the use of either chart or small pieces of material Materials can
be packed and transported complete notes.
• Development of a complete story.
• Promotes conscientious planning, which must precede the development
of the material in the first place.
• Challenges one to develop symbols to portray such things as
abstractions
52. Disadvantages
1- Transportation and storing of boards and materials is a
problem. Suitable tables to support boards must be available.
2- Time and cost of making material for presentation present
a problem.
3- Cost of boards themselves can't be overlooked
4- Presentation is limited a new idea involves material can be
added.
53. Disadvantages
•5- Might tend to deter one from using other more effective
methods and techniques when it is evident that other
methods might be more appropriate.
•6- To tell a complete story it often takes either too much
board space or smaller designs and materials some of which
cannot be seen well
54. (h) White or black board
•One of the first and oldest of the visual aids,
•one which is still in use today, is a piece of chalk or pen
a blackboard.
55. ADVANTAGES
• Available in most training rooms
• Doesn’t require electricity
• Easy to use and inexpensive
• Suitable for use by both clinical trainers and participants
• Excellent for brainstorming, problem solving, making lists and other
participatory activities
56. Disadvantages
• The board can’t hold a large amount of material
• Writing on the board is time-consuming
• It’s difficult to write on the board and talk to participants
• The board can get messy
• There is no permanent record of information presented
57. Tips for using black or white
board
• Keep the board clean
• Use chalk or pen that can be seen
• Make text and drawings large enough to be seen by all
• Prepare complex drawings in advance
• Underline headings and important or unfamiliar words
58. Tips con.
• Do not talk while facing the board
• Do not block the view of participant
• Allow time for participation to copy information from the
board
59. 3- AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
• The third category of aids is Audio-Visual aids.
• In these aids both the listening (ears) and viewing faculties (eyes) are involved .
• Such aids include television programs, video films, computers and computer-
assisted instructions
60. (I) FILMS
• Films represent an effective instructional device to Cato the
students’ attention and create interest and motivation among
them towards effective learning.
• Educational films may be prepared on any content material or
any aspect of knowledge, and behavior
61. (II) TELEVISION
• Television is a versatile medium of transmitting education through different programs.
• It combines the sound and sight ,thus makes the experience more concrete, real, and
immediate.
• It is an exciting means of communication.
• Useful instructional programs are being telecasted regularly for the student community on
television .
62. •A teacher should utilize the T.V. programs and make them the
basis for discussions on relevant occasions.
* In the health field, it has already served as powerful advocate of
healthy behavior
63. Films or movies
•provide action , color and sound it is best show films to groups of 30 people or
less they are a useful communication medium some films provide mainly
information and they look like lectures that use sound and visual aids.
•some demonstrate skills , while others are like play and show real-life
situation.
• people can learn about new behavior , attitudes and values from films .
64. Advantages of films or movies
1- flexible for use with different audiences.
2- widely used educational tool inexpensive , for the most
part uses visual and auditory senses.
3- powerful tool for role-modeling , demonstration ,
teaching projectors skills.
65. Disadvantages of films or movies
1- some commercial products may be expensive.
2- some materials may be too long or
inappropriate for audience .
66. (III) VIDEO
• Video is a viable aid towards effective learning and teaching.
• Teaching with the help of video is called video-aided instruction .
• Video is clearly an instructional medium that generates a much greater amount of
interest and enjoyment than the more traditional printed material.
67. Advantages
• Instant replay of subject material
• Permanent and reusable
• Versatile media
• Allows both the audio and visual to be recorded
69. Tips for using videos:
• Make sure the clip is not too long.
• While a 30-second video can illustrate your ideas in a memorable way,
anything much longer will distract attention from the speech itself .
• Make sure the video is cued to start exactly where you want it .
70. • If necessary, edit the video to the precise length you need so it will blend
smoothly into your speech .
• Beware of low-resolution video.
• This is particularly important in the case of YouTube clips, which may look fine on
a computer but are blurry and distorted when projected on a large screen or
monitor.
71. questions
1. What are audio-visual aids?
2. What is the need to use audio-visual aids?
3. What is the difference between audio and visual aids?
4. List example for various audio and visual aids that you can use in
the classroom situation.
5. Mention four uses of a white and black-board?
