anatomy of maxillary canine and its clinical consideration

1. DR. Mahitabe Elgamily
Maxillary canine

2. Maxillary canine
= cuspid?

3. Lingual
labial
Distal
Mesial
Cusp = pyramidal elevation

4. Exaggeration of
the middle labial
lobe

5. Maxillary canine
Called corner stone, Fangs, Or
Cuspid.
Canine carnivore
The longest tooth.
Most stable.
Last to be lost.

6. Maxillary Canine
Notation??
There are 3 numbering or notation systems:
A.Palmer numbering system.
B.International (two digit) system. 13, 23
C.Universal numbering system #6,#11
3 3,

7. Maxillary Canine
Function
Support the maxillary incisors.
Incision (shearing and tearing
of food)
Esthetics (Canine eminence)
Stability of restorations.
“Canine guidance”

8. Canine guidance”
a feature which ensures that the back
teeth don’t contact when the jaw slide to
one side this is important because the back
teeth are good at taking longtuinal forces
but they are not built to take off center
forces
Maxillary Canine
Function

10. Maxillary canine
 Chronology
 Tooth aspects
Labial
Lingual
Mesial
Distal
Incisal
Pulp cavity.
Developmental anomaly

11. Maxillary canine
Chronology
First evidence of calcification: 4 - 5 months
Crown completed: 6 - 7 years
Eruption: 11-13 years
Root completion: 13-15 years
Formed of 4 lobes 3 labial and 1 lingual

12. Maxillary central incisor
Tooth Aspects
In each aspect we need to full fill these requirements:
I. Geometric outline.
II. Outlines “M., D., B., L., I.”.
III. Contact areas or crest of curvatures.
IV.Surface anatomy.
V. Cervical line.
VI.Root.

13. Crown
Geometric out line: trapezoid
The mesial outline: slightly convex
 The distal outline: slightly concave
 Contact area:
mesially….. At the junction bet incisal
and middle.
distally…….middle middle.
⅓
½
½
2/3
Maxillary canine
Labial Aspects

14.  Cervical line: semi circular curved root wise
 The incisal outline
 cusp
 Mesial & Distal slopes.
M< D
Both slopes are slightly concave
 cusp tip
The cusp tip is on a line with the
center of the root.
Maxillary canine
Labial Aspects

15. Maxillary central incisor
Labial Aspects
Surface description
 Smoothly convex with shallow depressions M&D
 Cervical ridge
 Buccal ridge: greater development of The
middle labial lobe
 The root
 Root is cone shaped with blunt apex curved
distally in the apical third.
mesialDistal

16. Maxillary canine
Lingual Aspects
Outlines
All are reversed
Lingual convergence
 lingual surface of the tooth narrower
than the labial surface
 Surface description
 Large cingulum
 Marginal ridges
 Lingual ridge
 2 palatal fossae M&D
mesialDistal Crown

17. Maxillary canine
Lingual Aspects
mesialDistal
 Root
convex, narrower

18. Maxillary canine
Mesial Aspects
Geometric out line
Wedge-shaped or triangular
Labial outline
Slightly convex
Crest of curvature
junction between middle and cervical thirds
Lingual outline
 Convex
 Straight
 Convex
Greater labiolingual measurement than any of the
other anterior teeth linguallabial

19. Maxillary canine
Mesial Aspects
Cervical line
Concave root-wise.
Cusp tip
buccal to the line bisecting the tooth.
Surface description
Smooth except for a concavity above the C.A
Root
Cone shaped, tapered, developmental
depression on its surface
labial linguall Crown

20. Maxillary
canine
Distal Aspects
Outlines
Similar in to the mesial surface except
I Cervical line …..less curved
• II. contact area …….more cervical
• III. The concave area is more pronounced.
• IV. Marginal ridge…… heavier and more irregular
• The depression on the root becomes a groove
lingual labial

21. Maxillary canine
Incisal Aspects
Geometric outline
 diamond
 LL> MD
 Lab > Ling
Labial outline is broad, flat
Cusp tip: buccal &mesial
Fossa is seen as a concavity between the two
MR and cingulum.
lingual
labial

22. Maxillary canine
Incisal Aspects
Labial
Lingual
MesialDistal
C

23. General out line
Maxillary canine
pulp cavity
 Pulp cavity of maxillary canine has
LL> MD measurement of any
anterior tooth.
 Longest root and longest root canal.

25. • Pointed incisally represent the cusp, pulp
horn
• Widens near cervical limit and narrowest at
the cusp
Pulp chamber
• Same length from cervical third till apical
zone
• Then taper to single foramen
• Mesial or Distal curvature may be present.
Pulp canal
Maxillary canine
pulp cavity (labial view)

26. Mesial view
• Pointed incisally
• Widens to the mid cingulum level
• Labial margin slightly convex
• Lingual marginbulging in cigulum
Pulp chamber
• LL>MD .taper gradually
• Or at apical third become greatly constricted while the
foramen is still larger than incisor.
• Foramen may be at the center or labial.
Pulp canal
Maxillary canine
pulp cavity

27. Cervical section
• Ovoid and
• wider LL
Maxillary canine
pulp cavity
Mid root section
less ovoid,
sometimes circular

28. 1, crown complete; root partially completed.
2, almost complete, lack of constriction of apical foramen.
3, canine of young individual with large pulp cavity and completed root tip.
4, typical canine of adult, demonstrating constriction of the foramen.
5, elderly individual ,constricted pulp chamber and canal; lost crown form because of wear
during function.
Maxillary canine Labiolingual view

29. 1- It starts lingual to the arch & mesially directed.
2- Change to a more vertical orientation and engage the distal aspect of the
root of the upper lateral
3- Continue Erruption labial to the resorbing deciduous canine
Maxillary canine
Normal eruption pattern…

30.  max canine have the longest
and most tortious course from
orbital wall Till reaching
occlusion.
 During this course the
maxillary canine is in close
relation to the root of the
upper lateral incisors.
Maxillary canine
Normal eruption pattern.
A fact…

31. 1- A cusp-like tubercle is found on the cingulum & associated with Lingual pits or
sharp pointed cusp tip
2- The root varies in length & deflection.
3-As the maxillary canine normally erupts after the maxillary premolars, its space i
sometimes partially closed.
 It may then erupt B or L to the other teeth,
 Or not erupt at all (impacted).
Maxillary canine
variations & anomalies

33. Maxillary canine
variations &
anomalies
Why do maxillary canines are frequently
impacted?
• the root of the lateral incisor guides the
eruption of the canine. Hence, any
affection of the lateral incisor will affect
the canine.
Guidance
theory
•Genetic factors are the primary
origin of palataly impacted canine
Genetic
theory

34. Factors related to max lateral incisor
 Pegged lateral incisors.
 Missing lateral incisors.
 Delayed eruption.
 Dilacerated root.
ultimately result in impaction or eruption
of the canine in an abnormal position.
Maxillary canine
variations & anomalies

35. Maxillary canine
localized factors of canine impaction
Arch length discrepancy
Cuspids erupt between teeth already in occlusion so
they are competing for space
Failure of primary canine root to resorb
Delayed exfoliation or early loss of primary canine

36. Maxillary canine
localized factors of canine impaction
Ankylosis of permanent canine
Cyst or neoplasm
Factors related to upper lateral incisor

37. The greater distance the tooth must
travel from its point of development
to normal occlusion.
the greater the possibility of
deflection from its normal course and
of its resultant impaction.
Maxillary canine
localized factors of canine impaction

38. Maxillary canine
causes of canine impaction
Cleft palate
Hereditary
Endocrine deficiency

39. sequelae for canine impaction:
1.Migration of the neighboring teeth and loss of
arch length,
2.Dentigerous cyst formation
3.External root resorption of the impacted tooth &
the neighboring teeth.
4.Infection particularly with partial eruption
Maxillary canine
variations & anomalies

40. Migration of the neighboring teeth and loss
of arch length
Maxillary canine
variations & anomalies

41. Dentigerous cyst formation
Enlargement of the follicular space
Attached to the neck of the tooth
Maxillary canine
variations & anomalies

42. Maxillary canine
variations & anomalies
External resorption

45. Radiographic examination
mandatory if there is no
eruption after the critical
age.
11 years appears to be the
critical age.
Maxillary canine
Idea about treatment
options

46. Some treatment Options for Impacted Canine:
Prophylactic space augmentation
Extraction of primary canine (Guided eruption)
Surgical Exposure & Bracket Placement (guided
eruption)
Surgical repositioning
Maxillary canine
Idea about treatment
options

47.  Surgical uncovering
 canine exposure
 Removal of bone
 Extraction of primary
canine
 bracket placement

50. Thank you..