INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALS

1. INTRODUCTION
TO HOSPITALS
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR.
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

2. ETYMOLOGY
• The English word “Hospital,"
originates from the Latin word
“Hospile”, also some view that it
comes from the French word
“Hospitale”.

3. • All these institutions are meant for
treating their clients, although the
style may be different.
• The term Hospital means an
establishment or temporary space
occupied by the sick or injured.
Hospital is an institution in which
sick or injured persons are treated.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
• The most commonly accepted
criteria for classification of
modern hospitals are according
to :
1.Length of stay of patient.
2.Clinical basis.

5. 3.Ownership / control basis.
4.Objectives.
5.Size.
6.Management.
7.System of medicine

6. SPECIALITY HOSPITALS

7. CENTRAL GOVT HOSPITALS

8. GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS

9. PRIVATE HOSPITALS

10. PUBLIC HOSPITALS

11. CORPORATE HOSPITALS

12. BASED ON SERVICE

13. LENGTH OF STAY
• A patient stays for a short time
in hospital for treatment of
disease that is acute in nature,
such as pneumonia, peptic ulcer,
etc.

14. • A patient may stay for a long term in
a hospital for treatment of diseases
that are chronic in nature such as
TB, Leprosy, Cancer etc.
• The hospitals according to long term
& short term are also known as
Chronic care hospitals & acute care
hospitals.

15. CLINICAL BASIS
• These are licensed hospitals &
are considered as general
hospitals, treat all kinds of
diseases, major focus on treating
condition such as heart diseases,
cancer etc.

16. OWNERSHIP / CONTROL
• On the basis of ownership /
control, hospitals can be divided
into four categories:

17. 1. Public Hospitals.
2.Voluntary Hospitals.
3. Private/Charitable Hospitals/
Nursing Homes.
4. Corporate Hospitals

18. OBJECTIVES
• Teaching Cum Research Hospitals : It
is a hospital to which a college is
attached for medical/ nursing/
dental/ pharmacy education. The
main objective of these hospitals is
teaching based on research & the
provision of health care is
secondary. AIIMS, JIPMER

19. • General Hospitals : Are hospitals
that provide treatment for
common diseases &
conditions.The main objective of
these hospitals are to provide
medical care to the people, Eg:
PHC, Rural Taluk Hospitals

20. SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS
• SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS : Are
those that provide medical &
nursing care primarily for only on
discipline on a specific disease or
condition of one system such as
TB, ENT, Leprosy,STD, etc.

21. ISOLATION HOSPITALS
• ISOLATION HOSPITALS : Are
those hospitals in which the
persons suffering from infections
/ communicable diseases require
isolation. E.g. Epidemic disease
hospital, Bangalore.

22. SIZE
• Teaching Hospital 500 beds (to
be increased according to the
number of students).
• District Hospitals - 200 beds, (to
be increased up to 300 according
to the population).

23. • Taluka Hospital – 50 beds (May
raised depending upon
population to be served).
• Primary Health Centers -6 (may
be raised up to 10 )

24. MANAGEMENT
1. Union Government/Govt of
India : Railway hospitals, Defense
hospitals, etc.
2.State Govt Hospitals : Hospitals
administered by state/ Union
territory including police, prison,
irrigation department.

25. 3.Local Bodies
Hospitals that are administered
by local bodies i.e. municipal
corporation, zila parishad,
panchayat, corporation
maternity hospitals.

26. 4.Autonomous bodies
4.Autonomous bodies : Hospitals
that are established under
special act of parliament or state
legislation & funded by Central/
state Govt; AIIMS.

27. 5.Private
All private hospitals that are
owned by an individual owner or
by private organization.

28. 6.Voluntary agency
• All hospitals operated by a
voluntary body/ a
trust/charitable society etc. It
includes hospitals run by
missionary bodies & co
operations. E.g. CMC Vellore.

29. SYSTEM
• 1.Allopathic Hospitals.
• 2.Ayurvedic Hospitals.
• 3.Homeopathic Hospitals.
• 4.Unani Hospitals.
• 5.Hospitals of other systems of
medicine.

30. ALLOPATHIC HOSPITALS

32. HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL

33. UNANI HOSPITALS

34. FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL

35. FUNCTIONS

36. FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL
1. Care of sick & injured.
2. Prevention of disease.
3. Promotion of health.
4. Diagnosis of treatment of
disease.
5. Scientific application of mental
hygiene & mental therapy.

37. 6. Rehabilitation.
7. Medical Education.
8. Research.

38. 1.CARE OF THE SICK & INJURED
• Hospital is a medical institution
where client suffering from some
disease/health problems is
getting treated & cared.
Comprehensive care is provided
to the sick/injured client by
health care team.

39. • Clients are treated according to
priority or needs. E.g. Emergency
care is provided to client with
heart attack than the client who
comes with a general illness.

40. 2.PREVENTION OF DISEASE
• Prevention of disease is
accomplished by early screening
& detection of risk. Maintaining
aseptic technic, following the
principles of medical care can
prevent the occurrence of
certain complications.

41. 3.PROMOTION OF HEALTH
• A client who is maintaining his
health can accomplish higher
level of health. In hospital
setting, various aspects of health
promotion are taken. E.g. health
education, supplementation, &
regular checkup.

42. 4.DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
OF DISEASE
• As soon the client approaches
the health care team, a complete
assessment is done. Afterward
medical diagnosis is made &
treatment is started.

43. 5.SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION OF
MENTAL HYGEINE & MENTAL
THERAPY
• Mental health is an important
aspect of a healthy person. Clients
suffering from stress, mental health
problems are treated in hospitals.
Counseling is also done in the
hospital setting.

44. 6.REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation is a process where an
individual is re educated,
particularly where an individual has
been ill/injured, to enable them for
becoming capable of useful activity.
E.g. Care of a person who has
undergone amputation.

45. 7.MEDICAL EDUCATION
• Hospitals attached to medical,
nursing colleges provide medical &
nursing education. The students
are taught how to care for a client,
how to provide indivualized care,
how to tackle emergency, & clinical
knowledge.

46. 8.RESEARCH
• Incidence, prevalence rates,
morbidity & mortality rates
are calculated from the
hospital settings. Prevalence
of disease is done by
conducting research.

47. THANKYOU