Television watching has significantly increased over time, averaging 4 hours and 35 minutes in 1950 compared to 8 hours and 18 minutes in 2008. Television exists as an effective advertising medium, with commercials during broadcasts being very expensive, such as during the Super Bowl. The first television was invented in 1907 by Alexander Graham Bell. Situational comedies like I Love Lucy proved to be durable entertainment programming by establishing recurring characters in a home or work setting. Soap operas also filled morning television slots and expanded to newspapers, magazines, and other media. Satellites later made broadcasting in color and advanced services like DirecTV possible.