Red Ants Research Paper

Red Ants Research Paper
After the discovery of red ants at Port Botany, inspectors are asking for homeowners to be vigilant
for signs this insect has appeared on their property. While these are a problem in some parts of
America, this type of ant is rarely found in Australia and the government would like to keep it that
way. To help you know what you are looking for while you are outside doing some winter garden
maintenance, these are the three main facts you need to know about red ants. Why Are Red Ants A
Problem? There are two primary reasons why Australia does not want to see a large increase in the
number of red ants here. Those are: Red ants are aggressive and deliver a painful bite. They will
attack livestock, chained up dogs, and children playing outside
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Discuss the origin and significance of diversity within...
IntroductionAnts Formīca are arguably the most successful organisms presently on earth. They
evolved from a wasp like common ancestor approximately 150 million years ago(2006 Chuck
Lydeard)1. Due to their long ecological dominancy amongst insect and short life span they have
undergone a high rate of adaptive radiation. Leading to a reasonably large amount of species and
inter– species diversity. There are at least 12000 different species of Formicidae (2008 Edward O.
Wilson)2 which have colonised almost every landmass on the planet(Alice S. Jones 2006)3 This
unique dominancy and prevalence means that Ants presently account for an incomparable 15 to 20%
(2000 Ted R. Schultz)4,3 of the world's terrestrial animal biomass. Formīca exhibit ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These genetic changes are small a change in one gene which can, for instance, decide whether a
colony has one or multiple queens. However in most cases all ants start with the same genes with
the exception of males. Ants generally have 4 development stages, egg, larva, pupa and adult(2002
Myrm)10. The larvae (see figure 3) are only capable of some minor movement, such as bending
their head toward a food source. It is in the larval stage where differing the level of care and
nourishment leads to different development pathways. When resources are low most larvae will
develop into sterile female workers. Only if the developed colony has an abundant food supply will
worker ants map selected larvae using pheromones. These then receive better nourishment than
others which triggers select genes to activate(1978 Edward O. Wilson.)11 These larvae develop into,
normally winged, sexually mature female ants (See figure 4)which leave to find a male (Drone) and
start a new colony. In some colonies for whatever reason there is no queen; in this case a female
worker (all ants apart from drones are female) becomes fertile and lays fertile eggs. The Queens
main role is to allow gene flow in the gene pool. She mates with one or more males from other
colonies before starting her own. This is the only sexual interaction between ants from different
colonies. This important role exhibits the significance of variation within a species. Diversity within

Leaf-cutting Ants Essay
One of the most little known species of ants in North America is the leaf–cutter ant. This is mainly
because it lives in tropical environments and it is not aggressive to animals or humans if not
disturbed. The leaf cutting ant is a social insect. Alone the ant is virtually helpless but with the
colony it can be a thing feared by animal and human alike.
The leaf–cutting ants have a very important role in the tropical forest. They create and manipulate
the environment around them. They also can do major damage. The leaf–cutting or fungus–growing
ants are distributed from northern Texas to central Argentina.
These ants are injurious since they cut the green vegetation from trees, shrubs and crops, and carry it
into the nest, where they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also protects the internal organs. The main feature of the ant is its head. The large solders have
huge serrated blades which they can have up to 0.5 cm space between the mandibles. The size range
can be from 1/16 to 1/2 an inch depending on the type of species.
The ants are divided up into three different types according to size. Minima (<5mm long), media
(>5mm long) and soldiers (a distinct class with oversized head and mandibles and a total body
length of more then 13mm) (Whitehouse & Jaffe 1996). The average worker leaf–cutter ant
lives from 4–6 months (Howard, Henneman, Cronin, Fox, Hormig. 1996). The worker ants
commonly perform superhuman feats. If we magnify the operation to human scale, so that an ant's
6–millimeter length grows into a meter and a half, the forager runs along the trail for a distance of
about 15 kilometers at a velocity of 26 kilometers an hour.
Each successive mile (to convert to familiar Anglo–American sports distances) is covered in 3
minutes and 45 seconds, about the current human world record. The forager picks up a burden of
300 kilograms or more and speeds back to the nest at 24 kilometers an hour – hence 4 minute miles
(Holldobler & Wilson, 1994).The queen is the largest of the ants and can reach length larger
than 1/2 an inch and her life span can be 10 years or more (Smith. 1997). The queen has wings and
when she decides to leave the nest she carries a small pellet of mycelium (the fungus) in a special

Disadvantages Of Ant Colony Optimization
Abstract–In this paper an efficient hybrid optimization approach is used to solve the optimal power
flow problem. In the proposed approach particle swarm optimization along with ant colony
optimization is used for setting of control variables for optimal power flow problem. The proposed
approach is tested and examined in standard IEEE 30 bus test system. The various objective
functions involved are fuel cost minimization, voltage profile improvement and transmission loss
reduction. This proposed approach overcomes the disadvantages of ant colony optimization such as
premature convergence and stagnating output. Keywords–voltage stability; fuel cost; loss; optimal
power flow; optimization ;PSO;ACO.
Introduction
Power system is a large electrical network used for generation, transmission and distribution of
electrical power. Electrical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
e=1,2,.......,E j=1,2,.........,M M is the count of particles in the search space b1 and b2 are constant
values that represents acceleration constants. r1 and r2 represents random numbers that distributed
uniformly in [0,1].
ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION Ant colony optimization (ACO) is an evolutionary and adaptive
algorithm that was introduced by Marco Dorigo in 1992.This ant colony optimization algorithm is
inspired by behavior of real ant colonies.The ant when searching food move in random
direction.Once the ant finds the food source,it evaluates the quantity and quality of food.It takes
certain amount of food to the nest.During this process, the ant deposits a chemical called pheromone
as a trail on the ground during the return path.The quantity of pheromone deposited is based on the
quantity and quality of the food available.HEnce this would guide other ants towards the food
providing an indirect communication.The pheromone trails allows the ants to identify the shortest
path between the ant nest and the food source.This above technique is used for optimization

Grass Cutter Ants: Nature's Secret Power
"Each ant is a strange and alien force but, when they cooperate they become a world superpower" is
not what most would say when describing something as small as an ant, but a phrase as bold as this
captures an audience. Ants: Nature's Secret Power is a 2004 Animal Planet documentary, directed
and written by Wolfgang Thaler, on the extraordinary life of ants. Throughout the film we follow a
colony of Grass Cutter Ants in both their natural habitat and a laboratory setting, created by experts,
each demonstrating the complex society these small insects can create when they work as a single
unit. With this level of organization and social skills, the colony is one of the few communities that
is as sophisticated as the civilization humans have created on this planet. The purpose intended by
the Creators of Ants: Nature's Secret Power to educate and entertain viewers, I believe, was
successfully achieved. The documentary combines credibility, presentation, and support to create an
enjoyable environment that promotes viewers to learn and retain new content. Effective
documentaries consist of accurate information and reliable content, and no matter the subject, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ants promotes viewer understanding by providing different forms of media, that target many
different learning styles. For instance, the narrator, compares the activities of the Green Cutter Ants
to those of an average human including, their strength, organization, and communication skills. I
found it easier to visualize the information when given familiar material to use in comparison.
Although, documentaries are expected to provide additional visual aides to explain ideas introduced
during the film, Ants does an exceptional job at incorporating show and tell content. This guarantees
that the audience fully understands the

The Electric Ant By Phillip K. Dick
"The Electric Ant" is a short story written by Phillip K. Dick. Penned in October of 1969, the short
story deals with the thought processes of a human–like robot. The protagonist is Garson Poole, a
robot who previously thought he was a human. There are many points to ponder in the story, one of
them being the similarities and differences between human and robots. Are robots as fundamentally
different as we make them out to be or is it that we just haven't created the proper technology yet?
Conversely, maybe humans are essentially highly functioning robots? Although we may not be
machines, our functioning can be highly mechanical. Additionally, Mr. Poole struggles with the
concept of reality and he experiments to discover if reality can be altered. Can this apply to humans
also? What defines our reality and is it possible to change the way reality is perceived? In the
beginning of "The Electric Ant" we are introduced to Garson Poole. He wakes up after a tragic
accident that took his right hand. Shortly after he is informed that he is an "Electric Ant," or, as
explained to him, an organic robot (citation). Immediately afterword we see a marvel of his creation,
that he can experience true emotion. "I see, Poole said. Frigid perspiration rose to the surface of his
skin, across his whole body" (citation). Poole was processing what he just heard, and it frightened
him. However, he didn't stop there and accept his fate as nil, he wanted to understand the depths of
how he was

"The Battle of the Ants" Analysis
Everyone is familiar with the state of armed conflict that is war, and for as long as there has been
civilization there has been war. Upon first glance, Henry David Thoreau's "The Battle of the Ants"
seems like a simple descriptive story of a battle between two different species of ants, one red and
one black, but if one were to further inspect the text, they could see that Thoreau uses the ants and
their battle as a satirical allegory for human conflict. Thoreau chooses to use ants as a metaphor to
make it clear to the reader that war is futile, pointless, and a waste of life.
"The Battle of the Ants" begins with Thoreau casually walking out to his wood–pile as he stumbles
upon the battle between the red ants and the black ants. After ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He also anthropomorphizes the emotions and motivations of the ant war when he says "[i]t was
evident that their battle–cry was 'Conquer or die.'" He is alluding to human war and the rhetoric and
propaganda that are associated with it.
As the essay continues, Thoreau manages to make war seem even more insignificant in comparison
to the rest of the world by focusing on a single ant. He carefully narrows the scope from the war
itself to the actions of individual ants, emphasizing the irrelevance of war. "In the meanwhile there
came along a single red ant on the hillside of this valley... whose mother had charged him to return
with his shield or upon it" (575). Thoreau continues expanding upon this idea of
anthropomorphizing the ants to make their comparison to humans that much more explicit.
According to Thoreau, this red ant observes the battlefield, the size of the opposing ants, and decides
when to dive into battle, something a human in the middle of a war would do. Accompanying the
meticulous description of battle, Thoreau offers a sense of hope to the otherwise futile outcome of
war when the ants collide: "and so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had
been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame" (576). While discussing the
destructive inevitability of war, Thoreau includes this line to acknowledge the

The Characteristics Of Ants
Ants are common insects but they have some unique capabilities. More than 10,000 known
ant species occur around the world. They're more prevalent in tropical forests (example,
Argentine ants), where they may be up to half of all the insects living in some other locations.
They are of the family Formicidae and belong to the order Hymenoptera, Kingdom being
Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta.
They are fascinating little creatures almost being old as a dinosaur! Scientists estimate that
ants came about in the mid–Cretaceous period, which was an amazing 110 to 130 million
years ago. They are found nearly everywhere on earth (good explorers they are!) but not
found on the Antarctic and Arctic regions. The largest ant ever ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Wilson and Bert Holldobler. According to
them "a super organism is a colony of individuals self – organized by division of labor and
united by a closed system of communication". They display traits similar in function to the
cells and organs of a bigger organism like us, Humans. The function of an ant colony can be
well understood by comparing it to a human body. The cells in a human body parallels
colony members; organs parallels castes; genital glands parallels reproductive castes; somatic
organs parallels worker castes; immune system parallels defensive castes; circulatory system
parallels food distribution, distribution of pheromones and chemical signals, sensory organs
parallels combined sensory organs of colony members; nervous system parallels

communication and interaction among colony members and skin and skeleton of a human
body parallels nest of these tiny but complex creatures.
Ant communities are headed by a queen or queens, whose function in life is to lay thousands
of eggs. Workers are generally wingless females that never reproduce but instead forage for
food, care for the queen's offspring, work on the nest, protect the community and

An Essay On Ants
Ants are relatives of bees and wasps and like them they too live in colonies and each ant
colony has several different kinds of ants. Although the ants in colony belong to the same species
they look different. Ant colonies are described as 'super organisms' as a colony works in a
unified manner. Mainly an ant colony consists of queen ants, drones or the male ants and worker
ants. Ants have colonized every part of Earth except Antarctica and a few other extremely
inhospitable lands. Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen individuals living in
small natural cavities to highly organized colonies that occupy large amount of space and
consists of millions of individuals. All ant species need sheltered places to nest ... Show more
Such individuals are sometimes called "soldier" ants because their
stronger mandibles make them more effective in fighting. In a few species, the median workers
are absent, creating a sharp divide between the minors and majors
Queen Ants
Each ant colony has one or more than one queen ants whose main work is to lay
fertilized eggs. In most species of ants the queen breeds only once in their lifetime and
breeding mainly takes place in summer. Each queen ant can lay about thousands of eggs per
year. Most of the queens' offspring become worker ants that do not reproduce; some become
new queens and some male ants. When a new queen finds a good place for a nest, she builds
a small chamber and lays some eggs. When the eggs hatch, the queen finds food, and feeds

and takes care of the offspring's until they mature. They become workers, and they take over
all the work in the nest. The queen does nothing but lay eggs. Queen ants live for several
years and depending on the species of the ant some queens may even live up to 30 years.
Most queen ants develop wings which they use for flying and find a good place to start a new
colony. Once they've found a good spot, their wings fall off and they start laying eggs

Totie Ants Research Paper
Aguiniga, Eduardo M
AP English 11 Carlson
Period 6
5 September 2017
The Two Anthills
In a land far far away there were two anthills. Only two in the land. The anthills were not aware of
their existence. In one anthill brimming with collected resources and a fair queen lived the Opie
ants. In the other there were corrupted a corrupted queen who made the ants work until their death to
satisfy her. Those were the Totie ants. Some of the Totie ants were good and hardworking but some
turned evil just like the queen. The Totie ants and the Opie ants had the same anthills but different
leader. The Opies had an abundance of food; whereas the Totie ants were starving because the queen
only looked after her own well–being and ate all the food. The Totie ants were miserable with their
leaders and eventually there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Totie ant raised the amount of food Totie ands had to bring. Eventually, and ant called Roscoe
who was a Totie got tired and decided to venture outside of his anthill to try and find another place
where he could live a better life. Over mountains, through valleys Roscoe ventured, with supplies in
his pack on his back. Eventually, he came upon the Opie ants and he saw how they had a fair queen
and a better life than the one he had back home. Roscoe begged to be allowed to join them and to be
able to be part of this anthill and they said yes but he had to do things. He had to learn the history of
the Opie ants and be willing to abide by their rules. He did this and became part of their anthill. He
worked and lived their for two years before he went back to the Totie anthill. He was finally reunited
with his family that he had left two years ago. He told them about this new land

How to Kill Ants Essay example
How to Kill Ants
One warm night, he came through the bedroom window. His sudden intrusion angered me. That was
the first time I saw him in this house. His tiny round eyes seemed innocent enough, but he was
frightened by my stare. His skinny long legs were trembling. He turned his head, saying, "I'm
completely lost." That was certainly not a good excuse for breaking into my private property. "Hey,
YOU, get outta here," I said as I picked him and threw him out of the window. "Never come back!"
But I saw him a second time; he was in the kitchen with his friends. They were stealing my
roommate Susie's peach from her shelf. With his triumphant face, he proclaimed, "I conquered your
kitchen. Ha, ha, ha." I was furious. "Oh, shut up!" I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, spraying can even result in greater number of ants. Ants will continuously coming to your
house even though you may have previously killed thousands of worker ants. This fight might never
end.
Not only are sprays ineffective in exterminating ants but spraying is also harmful for humans and
pets. COMBAT Ant & Roach Instant Killer includes many toxic chemicals like the 73 % petroleum
distillates. Petroleum distillates are frequently found in gasoline, paint thinner, and charcoal lighter.
It's no wonder the spray smells so much like gasoline. When you spray, these petroleum distillates
allow the toxic chemicals in the spray can to go under furniture, behind appliances and into corners
and even into walls to kill ants where they hide. Unfortunately, these toxic chemicals also cover the
entire room. Unconsciously, you may touch these chemicals many times, increasing the risk of being
poisoned. While you are sprayinga group of ants, your puppy behind you may accidentally inhale
the mist and become sick. While cutting carrots, you may drop a piece on the sprayed counter. Later,
when you throw it into your mouth, you would be eating poison. Many ant killer sprays advise,
"Wash thoroughly with soap andwater after handling and before eating or smoking. Avoid
contamination of cooking utensils and food preparation surfaces. Do not use in edible products."
The questionable

Allegory for War in Battle of the Ants by David Thoreau...
Allegory for War in "Battle of the Ants" by David Thoreau
The reading journal that I chose was "Battle of the Ants" by David Thoreau. I chose this essay
because I felt that it was a strongly written piece about a somewhat interesting topic. When I first
read it I was taken aback by its seemingly uninteresting nature of topic, but after I read it a couple
more times I began to see its true beauty. The story is about government and war and depicted by
ants battling to the death. "The legions of Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood–
yard, and the ground was already strewn with all the dead and dying, both the red and the black," the
ants represent humans struggling for freedom and power. There are two types of ants: the red ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This represents how big the government really is and how much power it actually has, no matter
how many red ants there are they stand a slim to none chance that they will survive the battles.
In the story the red ants are fighting with ferocity and determination, but the stronger black ones are
far too big; even for two red ones to defeat. The imperialist government is bigger and stronger than
lesser governments seeking peace and freedom, making the war a hard thought one to say the least.
The story takes many historical events into context, as the author makes references to the battles at
Lexington and Concord in 1775, "Concord fight! Two killed on the patriots' side, and Luther
Blanchard wounded!" This reference of war gives the reader a more detailed description of the
deadly and savage war taking place between lesser and greater powers.
The story ends of somewhat of a down note, depending on what side the reader is on that is. No
matter how hard the red rebellions fought, their efforts were of no much compared to the giant
imperialist black ants. In the end the black ant who was sparring with the two red ants' cam out
victorious, clutching both of their heads on his body. "They struggled half an hour longer under the
tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their
bodies, and the still living heads were hanging on either

Exaggeration In The Zombie Ant
This paper explores how M.R.Carey exaggerates the evolution and real biological details of the
"Zombie Ant" fungus, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, in order to create an exciting, horrifying story,
The Girl with All the Gifts. In Carey's zombie apocalypse novel, biologist Dr. Caldwell explains that
the fungus has taken a leap from ant hosts to humans, turning them into "hungries" (54). The next
stretch Carey makes is how the fungus affects its host. Infected ants bite leaves and hang on, but
hungries are driven to chase down unaffected people and animals and feed on them. In another
exaggeration, evolution happens much more quickly than in reality. There are second generation
hungries that still have human thoughts but are immuned to the spores the fungus releases in its final
stage. Each of these children has a fungus that is a "true symbiote rather than a parasite"( Carey
379). Finally, Melanie, a second generation hungry and main character, decides to speed up the
spread of the fungus with fire. While real O. unilateralis spores spread to cover the rainforest floor to
infect more ants, these spores will cover thousands of miles and change the world forever.
Fungus Among Us? The Real Life vs. Fictional Zombie Fungus in M.R. Carey's The Girl with All
the Gifts
M.R. Carey's The Girl with All the Gifts is a zombie apocalypse story filled with references to actual
biology. In this scientific thriller a powerful fungus has infected most humans on

What Are Ants?
Ants are creatures we encounter in our lives daily, yet we don't pay them attention and
ignore, and sometimes what is worse, we kill them thoughtlessly. What we need to realise is
that ants have a whole world of their own–a world that can be much more fascinating than
ours.
Ants have evolved in this planet almost 130 million years ago. They are termed as
"superorganisms", which means that a large collective of ants work together as a single entity
to carry on the work of the colony. A single ant cannot survive on its own; it needs to be a
part of a larger colony to survive (a lot like humans in a way). A typical colony of the ants is
also a very complex phenomena; each colony usually consists of a queen, the workers and
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus,
ants have a very specialized structure of labour.
Aside from their superorganism way of functioning together, ants can also communicate
using chemicals called "pheromones", which they can intercept and interpret using their
antennae. They also "hear" using their feet to sense vibrations. . Ants are also very special in
that they can carry three times the size of their weight–we have all seen a procession of ants
carrying food at some point in our lives. They can also carry a hundred times their own
weight while dangling.

Ants carry out many different kinds of work, from building nests in trees, underground, and
in houses to raiding other ants' colonies and stealing their larvae and eggs to make into slaves
or food (a practice called "dulosis"). In fact, some species of ants have birds, reptiles and
even small mammals as their source of food. So there are much more to ants than we think,
they are not as simple or tame as they are perceived to be.
Ants can be a destructive species. For example, the red fire ant has a painful sting that

Killing Giant Ants Anthropology
Them! Was a film about these giant monstrous ants that are killing these humans. In the film they
track these ants, the FBI and police are in charge, but they receive help from Dr. Patricia, a
myrmecology to know strategies to destroy these giant ants. They have a mass shooting and
bombing of ants but realized that two queens escaped and had laid eggs. So they go on a hunt to find
these recently hatched insects and kill them because they are killing a lot of humans. In the end, they
kill the last living giant ants and also save two children because they were trapped. In this film, there
are a lot of mechanics on how ants work and what they do in their lifespan. There were some
incorrect entomological features, yet they do have correct references.

An Ant Army Short Story
Ant Army By Elijah Leonard "What if they can talk?" ask the humans. "What if they are smart?" ask
the humans. "What if they took over the world?" ask the humans. Well, now's our chance. I am
Gerald, an ant that lives in a human family's backyard, along with my own family. I have two best
friends: Margaret and Antony. Margaret is supposed to be the smart one. She always has a plan and
she has all A's in all her classes at the insect school. Antony is the silly one. He always has a joke,
even in terrible situations. Even his name is a joke: ANTony, get it? It is 5:00 in the morning and we
are all ready to start the day. We live in an ant pile with about 800,000 ants in it. All of us have one
problem with the humans: they keep trying to destroy their home. The humans always think that all
they are just helping themselves, but we just build the pile back up. Usually, we wait about four
hours for one of the humans to come to our home. This time they gave us time to plan. "How about
every time the humans are about to come, we crawl out far away from our pile," says Margaret, "and
when they see that we aren't in the pile, they will think we abandoned it, so they will leave us
alone." "But the humans and their world are so big, that it will take us forever to get back to our
home," I say, "and besides, do you think they won't notice a colony of over 800,000 ants crawling
away from their home?" "Good point," says Margaret. "Oh shoot," cries Antony, "they're here." The
kids come

A Bugs Life Sociological Analysis
A Bugs life is a Disney Pixar animated film which involves Ants and other bugs coming together to
fight the Grasshoppers. Hopper is the dominant male grasshopper character and in the film states
that he wants to keep the ants in line and doesn't care about the food (Bugs Life 1998). In Bug's Life
the relationship between the grass hoppers and the ants can be described and discussed in terms of
the theory of class by Karl Marx (1818–1883).
Marx first stated that because of the economic growth in Europe it turned most people in to
capitalists (Sociology, 2012). Therefore Marx divided capitalism into two separate classes. One
being the class that owned the means of production for example the owners of the factories. This
class were also given ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Karl Marx believed that a capitalist society was to blame for alienation of the workers (Sociology,
2013). Alienation involves workers feeling isolated and away from the end product. Which
dehumanizes them making workers feel unsatisfied and feel as though they are unable to improve
their lifestyle. He found particular ways to which capitalism alienates those who work. Those ways
were split in to four different categories, which are: Being alienated from the act of working which
is being alienated from their own choice as they are not given a right to decide what product to make
and how they are going to make it. There is also being alienated from the product, this can be linked
to the Bugs Life as the food the ants provide for the grass hoppers is not seen again after being taken
away from them. The feeling of being alienated from other workers, Marx stated is also a type of
alienation which can also be linked with Bugs Life as throughout the season the focus for the ants is
to collect food from the grasshoppers by walking in single file lines, therefore are not able to talk to
one another. The final type of alienation according to Marx is the feeling of being alienated from
their human potential which is where one lacks the ability to develop and gain knowledge whilst at
work which helps dehumanize them as they are not living up to their human

Little Army Ants Research Paper
ants have undergone an interesting history as they evolved from their wasp ancestors. Ants control
most of the ecosystems they inhabit. Ants were the first to dominate the land and the air we breath
now, on this world.
(write here)ant adapt in so many different ways. ants start from a little worm/larval then they go to a
cocoon. In the cocoon is where they take their adult form. there is 200 species of little army ants.
The soldiers protect the houses. Ants live everywhere in the world hot and cold. They mostly live in
central america, south america and africa. Ant travel in group to attack their prey ferociously.The
groups that the ants travel in are called a colony. Army ants are very efficient predators. The bbc
claims that there

The Effect Of Temperature On Ants
Ants are one of the small sized insects from the family of formicidae which consist of high diversity
on earth. They are found everywhere on earth except in Antarctica, and they have immense impact
on terrestrial ecosystems (Heatwole and Muir, 1989). They are vital in moving and recycling soil
and nutrients. They live in colonies ranging from tens to hundreds of millions in a colony. They
communicate and control their colony by chemical messages.
Animals including, birds and insects occupy different temporal niches by being active during
different specific periods of the year and at specific times of the day (Jayatilaka P et al., 2011). The
maintenance of this seasonal and daily activity patterns also allows animals to avoid their predators,
to reduce conflict due to food competitors and to extremely exploit food resources. To determine
suitable times of activity, animals may monitor environmental variables such as light and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, they must control their environment in order to maintain optimal temperatures which
will allow them to be active and alive (Cerda, 2001). The aim of the project was to examine the
effect of temperature on the ant's activity, hypothesized that their activity will decrease as the
temperature increases. Placing the same species of ants in different temperatures was the objective.
The ants were found to be active almost at the same times of the day, even though they were
exposed into different temperatures. I was thinking that the ants that were placed under colder
temperatures were going to be active at night, but then the ants were all showing to be diurnal. There
was an increase in walking speed of the ants that were exposed to higher temperatures. The ants
were even struggling to leave the container. There was higher activity due to the high ambient
temperature leading to higher body temperature of the ants in the

'The Electric Ant' By Phillip K. Dick
"The Electric Ant" is a short story written by Phillip K. Dick. Penned in October of 1969, the story
deals with the thought processes of a human–like robot. The protagonist is Garson Poole, a robot
who has previously thought he is a human. There are many points to ponder in the story, one of them
being the similarities and differences between human and robots. Are robots as fundamentally
different as we make them out to be or is it that we just haven't created the proper technology yet?
Conversely, maybe humans are essentially highly functioning robots? Although we are not
machines, our functioning can be highly mechanical. Additionally, Mr. Poole speculates about the
concept of reality and he experiments to discover if reality can be altered. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The hospital does not replace Mr. Poole's hand and he is instead lead to a mechanical shop. He
observes the technicians repairing his hand and proceeds to do some of his own mechanical work on
himself. He wants to find the matrix that programs how he perceives the world and to see if he can
change it. A feasible motivation for Poole can be to transcend his status of a robot whose
experiences are pre–programmed into a being that can observe on its own. He wants to live in an
unrestricted reality. After some research he discovers a tape that is being fed into a scanner–like
mechanism deep within his chest. He concludes that this is what controls his reality and he is torn
about whether he should fiddle with it: "Do I want to interfere with the reality tape? And if so, why?
Because, he thought, if I control that, I control reality, at least so far as I'm concerned. My subjective
reality... but that's all there is" (Dick 387–388). Phillip Dick brings out a very strong point here, "My
subjective reality... but that's all there is." While some say that there is an objective reality, Poole
was concluding that reality is relative to the individual. In terms of perception, it can be difficult to
believe in an objective reality because a subjective reality can be proven. For example, the way we
observe things can be completely different than another person. A color– blind person will often see
things in a different view then a

Red Imported Fire Ants
How to identify ants,
In the United States, imported fire ants currently inhabit all or parts of Alabama, Arkansas,
California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina,
Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. They are discovered
sporadically in Maryland. The red imported fire ant has also been accidentally introduced to other
countries. Imported fire ants will likely continue to spread throughout much of the southern portion
of the U.S, and other parts of the world where climate conditions are suitable.
Accurate identification of fire ants can be especially important in the southwestern states, where
native fire ant species are common and imported fire ants are rare. Although ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house–infesting ants. They vary in color from a
dull black or reddish yellow color to a combination of black and dull red or reddish orange.
Why do fire ants bite
Fire ant is the common name for several species of ants in the genus solenopsis. They are, however,
only a minority in the genus, which includes over 200 species of Solenopsis worldwide. Solenopsis
are stinging ants and most of their common names reflect this, for example, ginger ants and tropical
ants. Many species also are called red ants because of their light brown color, though species of ants
in many other genera are similarly named for similar reasons. Examples include Myrmica rubra and
Pogonomyrmex barbatus.
None of these names applies in all countries nor to all species of Solenopsis, only to Solenopsis
species; for example the colloquial names for several species of weaver ants in the genus
Oecophylla in Southeast Asia include "fire ants" because of their red color and painful sting he two
genera, however, are not closely related. Also, Wasmannia auropunctata is commonly called the
"little fire

The Connected Lived Of Ants, Brains, And Software By...
Vanessa Payan
Professor Leach
ARC5205 Architecture Theories 2 Fall 2016– October 20, 2016
Emergence: The Connected Lived of Ants, Brains, and Software by Steven Johnson
In the introduction of the book Johnson begins by giving a narrative about the role that slime mold
took in discovering emergent behavior. Biologist in time have struggled to answer questions as to
how these organisms work together. The main concern about these emerging organisms was whether
or not there was a controlling member who directed all other members in each of the communities.
More than likely, the possible solution for any of these communities to show some sense of order
would be if there were a controlling unit or what Johnson mentions as "controlling agents" that
would be in charge of keeping the community in harmony.
So how exactly has the findings about slime mold given to science? Based on what I have
interpreted about the book I can say Johnson's narrative on how we find connection through
emergent complex living systems would be when he begins describing about the early work of
Charles Darwin when made his evolutionary discoveries at the Galapagos Islands. Because of his
observational skills, which mainly focused on natural selection and factors that would lead to a
species to want to evolve due to survival, this lead to wanting to understand more about what would
be the true reason to want to create emergence. The art of observation soon followed later in
Johnson's timeline when he gives a

The Myth Of The Ant Queen, By Steven Johnson
Within any community, it is safe to say that the goal of maintaining a society that prospers on for
many years is common. Establishing order is key to developing a prosperous society. Order, whether
it be defined as assigning roles in society, or establishing a set of rules to maintain control, can be
done through various approaches. The pondering question however lies in what is the best approach
to establish order. This common question has been prominent throughout time, and has been debated
in government and society. The debate in how society should establish order regularly results in
contrasting opinions. In the essay "The Myth of the Ant Queen," by Steven Johnson, and in the
excerpt "The Code of Hammurabi" from Society and Law in Ancient Babylonia, two distinct
approaches to establishing order in society are discussed. I believe that through strict
reinforcements, order in society can be established. In the essay "Man's Nature is Evil" by Hsun
Tzu, the human nature in society helps explain why strict reinforcements is the most efficient way to
establish order. In Steven Johnson's essay "The Myth of the Ant Queen," he describes an interesting
way in how the establishment of order arises. He argues that society can build itself up and maintain
order without the need of a ruler or a set of laws. Through the observation of ants and how they
behave in their environment, he explains how ants are able to establish an intricate yet simple

The Ant : An Ant
When Scott landed on the soft sheets of his bed, he was met with the large body of Antony. He took
a deep breath before mentally commanding the insect to come over to him. As Scott lay down
Antony crawled over him, hovering over his tense body. Scott gulped and began second guessing his
decision. Who the fuck shrinks down their body to get fucked by an ant just because they're
desperate to get it up the ass? Him, he answers. He shrinks down to get fucked by an ant just
because he's desperate to get it up the ass.
He almost backs out of it when all the sudden Antony was nuzzling him, seeming to understand his
nervousness. He was comforted by this, put at ease by the insect's kind ways. He closed his eyes to
steady himself and began grinding his hips up against Antony. The hard shell provided a sturdy
place for Scott to use, allowing him to essentially ride the abdomen of the ant above him. The ant
was still for a bit before it reciprocating. Antony moved his thorax in time with Scott, his facial
pincers brushing across the man's clothed throat. Scott shuddered at the odd but not unwelcome
feeling.
Soon the suit felt all too tight against his crotch area and Scott new he was ready to move further. He
wondered for a moment as to how they were going to make this work, before deciding he could let
Antony figure it out. If the insect was hurting him in any way he could just make him stop. It was a
decent plan, but he was desperate enough to let anything happen at this point so

Social Features Of Ants
Ants are usually thin and skinny insects. They all have 3 pairs of legs and their bodies are
divided into three main part: head, abdomen and thorax. They are narrowly connected to their
abdomen and thorax. Their antennae are bent in the middle and have chewing mouthparts. The
mouth is an essential working tool for almost every ant. It consists of two sets of jaws: the outer
two, used for carrying food and building the nest and the inner one is used for chewing. Adult
ants are able to swallow only liquids. In the back of the jaw there is a storage packet which
converts solid food into liquid by breaking it down with its strong saliva. They swallow the liquid
part whereas spits out the liquid one. Ants do not have lungs but breathe instead through small
holes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ants are known as social insects, living in large colonies altogether. The colony is specifically
divided into certain castes or classes: queens (reproductive females), males and workers. There
are way differences between social structures among ant colonies, nonetheless they share few
common basic features. They reside in a community being dependant on one another. They
work as a whole starting from feeding and protecting one another to raising and caring their
young ones. Each member of the community is assigned with specific jobs, from laying eggs to
gathering food to fighting. For these ants, colony life centers around the nest which can be
underground, a mound or even at the treetops. An ant colony is the busiest and crowded place.
Like many other social insects, ants do have three classes: queen ants, worker ants and male
ants. A queen is a vital member of the colony but does not rule the colony. Her only job is to lay

eggs in absence of which the colony would die out. The reason behind this is that only queens
can reproduce. A colony may have one or several queens. For example; a European wood

Why Do Ants And Bees Have Similarities In Social Behavior
Ants and bees have similarities in social behavior. First, social structure is the same in ants and bees.
Both bees and ants live in colonies that have at least one queen, few males and many specialized
workers that are all female. The bees' queen populates the colony like the queen of ants lays
thousands of eggs. the female workers in both species are building and taking care of the nest. Also,
the main function of the males in ants and bees is to fertilize the queen 's eggs. Second, both ants
and bees share some communication s methods one method is pheromones which is chemical
substance produced by the species. Ants use their antennas with Pheromones to smell. Moreover,
each colony carries their own unique set of pheromones, making it possible

Ant-Colony Analysis Paper
In this paper we will find solution using ant colony optimization. This process is based on
probability technique to find results of computational problem. It is a set of software agents called
artificial ants to find solution to a given problem. When ACO is applied then problem is changed
into the problem of finding the best way on the weighted graph. The artificial ants will increasingly
build the solution path via traversing through the whole graph. The solution is biased by the
pheromone model that includes the set of parameters linked with graph components whose values
are changed at the runtime by ants. Travelling Salesman problem was the first problem on which ant
colony optimization technique were applied. The behaviour of artificial ants is same as real ants. Ant
deposit a substance on the ground called pheromone while walking from the ant colony to the food
and at backtracking also. At the time of getting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Path generation using ant colony optimization
5. Selection of edge and revise pheromone
Data Collection: This is the initial process to find out the optimal COCOMO coefficient using ant
colony optimization to assemble the dataset. Omitting some values from the dataset will probably
lose some data so our data set must be large enough to hold relevant values even after deletion.
Dataset of COCOMO 81 is chosen as the dataset. It includes 15 cost factors, 63data points, actual
effort and actual size.
Data Cleaning: The dataset consist of set project number and effort multipliers which further is
segmented into a set of 15 parameters, development effort and line of code. Relevant information
will be fetched from the initial dataset and dataset will be converted into a subset which will help us
to get relevant results. Data Analyzing: Analysis of data includes the removal of the outliers. These
are the experimental error which will leads to unsatisfactory results. It will deviate the actual result
from the expected one so they must be

Advantages Of Ant Colony Optimization
Abstract Ant colony optimization is a technique for solving problem which are hard in nature. These
kinds of problems need only the optimal solution. ACO provide a solution based on the behaviour of
ants searching for food. This paper list out various techniques used to solve such problems and their
advantages, disadvantages. Through this review we identify some suggestion for solving NP hard
problem.
Keywords :Ant colony optimization, NP hard, stigmergy, Pheromone, optimal , heuristics
1. Introduction
1.1 Swarm Intelligence
Swarm intelligence was been proposed and induced in the Artificial Intelligence by Beni and Wang
[10] in 1989. It was been applied in the context of cellular robotic systems. Swarm Intelligence are
basically small agents or living organisms which will collectively work together and make
optimality or the group work will end with some beneficiary report. Inspiration from those group
works and turning it into the artificial things and making those ideas possible in the computers to
attain some sort of goal is called swarm intelligence. The inspiration basically from the nature and to
be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article presents various kind of situations and problems that the ACO can be applied to find out
optimal solutions where the problem consists of many constraints. Fuzzy problems and uncertainty
problems can also be optimized by ACO. For example Traffic Signalling Problem: in this the traffic
signal will be safe until or unless the capacity of the signal increase and once it occurs there may be
a chance of colliding somewhere either in the front or in the tail of the signal. It may result in a loss
of huge timing may be also in days and days of time. ACO can be able to avoid these kinds of
problems and provide a clear idea on how to handle those situations with some kind of simulation
with the help of

Black Carpenter Ants Research Paper
There are many types of ants in the world. They are not rare and they seem to be just about
everywhere. Carpenter ants are one of the most common type of ants. Usually when you see an ant
and it is not a fire ant, there is a high possibility it will be a black carpenter ant. Carpenter ants do
not eat wood. They are often found around wood or even inside of it. You can also find them in
houses. When you find black carpenter ants in your house, they are often headed to a food source of
somehow and you need to figure that out because they will not stop going there unless you stop
them from doing it.
Once you see a black carpenter ant, you need to kill it. If you do not kill the black carpenter ant, it
will keep finding homes inside your house and taking your food. Once you see one you need to
know there are plenty more in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not rare. This is not rare because black carpenter ants often live in decayed wood. They also
often live in the center and main part of the tree.
You can also find black carpenter ant nests in attics, skylights, window sills, door frames, fiberglass,
and foam insulation. These are common places to find black carpenter ants and their nests or homes.
Once you find these or signs of these, you need to destroy not just the ant, but the whole entire nest
or home.
Black carpenter ants have many things about them that a lot of people never knew and still do not
know. Black carpenter ants are almost like people back in the 90s. I say this because they had
servants, slavery, and they even go to war. Carpenter ants do all of this, but no one notices it and
probably will not notice it ever unless the do research. I am glad I got to learn about the carpenter
ant. I will definitely try and notice the little characteristics and little things they do from take food to
protecting their

Determining the Effect of Potential Household Repellents...
Introduction:
The purpose of this project is to determine the effect of household substances, which contain
naturally occurring ant–repelling chemicals, on ant behavior. While there are many plants that
chemically repel ants, this project will test if there are any household products, which contain some
of the same naturally occurring repellents, which ants will avoid. This paper will first identify what
plants repel ants.
The herbs and plants that best repel ants are tansy, catnip, pennyroyal, peppermint, sage, coffee, and
spearmint. All of these but catnip have some of medicinal use. Catnip and pennyroyal are both in the
mint family. It is already known what makes catnip a repellent– nepetalactone, a chemical that
simulates pheromones. It is repulsive to insects, but attractive to cats. Tansy is also a repellent, and
was used to repel insects as early as the 19th century. However, this is for a different reason– tansy
contains a volatile oil that becomes toxic when broken down. However, the components of this oil,
such as 1,8–cineole, thujone, camphor, and myrtenol all have various chemical and pheromonal
properties. The herb sage is more useful than tansy, but still contains many of the same chemicals–
cineole, camphor, alpha–thujone, and beta–thujone. It is highly possible that these chemicals have
some sort of pheromonal effect on ants. On the other hand, there is pennyroyal– repellent to ants
because it contains toxic oil, mostly based on a chemical called

The Benefits Of Ants
Ants since the historic time does all the works like human beings. The ants are from the
unsocial insects from the family of FORMICIDAE along with related wasps and bees. Ants are
in nature with human beings where they hunt, rear, collect food, and even attack in need. They
have ways to communicate with the others through PHEROMONES, TOUCH AND SOUNDS.
The ants stay together in a system of colony where the society is divided among their different
worker classes the from the queen to the worker to the feeder. Earlier the ants were classified
along with bees and wasps. The ant colony consists of a fertile ant the Queen ant which
produces, and the colony also consists of fertile male ants the drones, then there are the general
clasees of workers who would feed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Surely they speak language whisperingly" 1.
The ants typically considered as nuisance and annoying to human beings, is
important for the human beings or the eco–system we live in. Ants are beneficial to the
environment in number of ways.
1. Ants DECOMPOSE the dead organic matter from our environment. As they feed on the dead
decaying animal remains.
2. The ants carry SEED on their back from the garden, which results in seed protection and fewer
weeds in the garden to grow out. Seeds are considered as an source of protein for the ants.
3. Ants like PREDATING on insects like flies, termites, caterpillars, fleas.

4. The ants also help in SOIL AERATION. The nest building activity of the ants help in soil
aeration so the other plants to get water to the roots.
5. Some plants provide with NECTAR to the ants, and the ants in return help the plant by feeding
on dead decaying matters or herbivores.
Ants as an insect are also used as a subject of entairtenment. There are songs
written regarding the way the ant moves, colonize, and work throughout the day. For

Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis
For my parasite I picked Ophiocordyceps unilateralis or the zombie ant fungus. This fungus infects
tree dwelling carpenter ants in tropical rainforests and forces them to do its biding. The parasitic
fungus spreads itself around by releasing spores into the air like most fungi. The catch is that to be
able to mature itself to the point of passing along its offspring it has to sacrifice an ant. Once an ant
has become infected it behaves very bizarrely. The fungus forces the ant to crawl out to the end of a
leaf and then it begins to shake violently. This causes the ant to fall to the forest floor where it
begins to look for a nearby plant. Once it has found a suitable plant, usually one around 10cm from
the ground, it climbs out onto a leaf

Case Study Of Ant Colony Optimization
1.6 Ant Colony Optimization: 1.6.1 Introduction The conception of massive Gordian behavior
emerging from the behavior of many relatively simple units, and the dealings with them, is
fundamental to the field of Artificial Intelligence. The growing understanding of such systems offers
the prospect of creating artificial systems which are controlled by such significant shared behavior;
in particular, we believe that the sweating of this concept might lead to entirely new channels for the
pilotage of distributed systems, such as load balancing in telecommunications networks. In such
regimes, requests between any two points typically route through some central switching bureau or
nodes in a big system; there are many future paths for each such call. It is thus viable to emancipate
actual or potential local hurdles by routing requests via parts of the system which have extra
capacity. Load balancing is essentially the creation of call–routing schemes which successfully
assign the changing load over the system and curtail lost requests. Of course, it is viable to
determine the shortest routes from every node to every other node of the network. With the help of
this mean utilization of nodes reduces, but this is not necessarily the drift way to avoid node
congestion, as this has to do with how the vivisection of the traffic on the network. Controlling
distributed systems through a single central controller has several repugnancies. The ... Show more
A type of sign–based stigmergy is used in our network model. It is based on the way ants discover
the shortest path from their nest to a food source and also on the way they select between food
sources of different value. The way ants organize these routes has inspired us to investigate a new
attain for the avoidance of congestion in telecommunications

Ants With Your Order Today
Ants with Your Order Today, Sir? The majority of people in this country would dream of working in
an ice cream shop and sweeping rainbow sprinkles off the floor everyday; I had accomplished this
aspiration. I found my way into the ice cream business as a lowly sophomore and stayed there until I
was a senior, three seasons. By ice cream standards, this means I am an experienced veteran and can
make a perfect soft serve swirl with my eyes closed. This particular ice cream shop was filled with
only girl employees and was mainly a high school position; you may be thinking my boss is a
pedophile, but he's not. As a senior, one has to show others that she is maturing and put on a
leadership role to convince onlookers that she is almost at a functioning adult level. I had always
loved my job, but this past summer I stepped in the leadership role in a way that I never had before;
I had to confront my boss with a serious problem. Before I jump to far ahead, it is important to note
that I was quickly becoming a head girl within the establishment. Many older girls were leaving, and
younger girls were filling the gaps. I became accustomed to orienting new employees that my boss
didn't have time for. It was a new challenge for me and demanded all my patience, which happens to
be one of my faults. The accumulation of duties were moments of obligation in themselves, yet I
consider the climax of these moments to have taken place in early August of 2015. During a lull in
afternoon

The Social Colonies Of Ants
Ants are one of the most amazing groups of insects in the animal kingdom. This is because they
are social insects. Ants form organized and structured colonies or nests consisting of millions of
individuals. Colonies of ant species will work together and form super–colonies, covering a very
large area of land. Their colonies are described as super organisms as they appear to work and
survive as a single entity.
Ants have captured almost every area on Earth. They make up to 15% of the total animal
biomass of a tropical rainforest. It has also been estimated that the combined weight of all ants
exceeds the weight of mankind. They are present on all continents apart from Antarctica. This
insect occupy a large range of ecological ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ants have six legs. The wing is
only present in the adult ant. The size of ants range from 0.75 to 52 mm (0.030–2.0 inch). The
largest species of ant is the fossil Titanomyrma giganteum. The queen of this species is 6
centimetres (2.4 in) long. Its wingspan is of 15 centimetres (5.9 in). Ants differ in color; most of
them are red or black, but a few special species of are ants are green and whereas some tropical
species have a metallic luster.
Ants and their Lifecycle
The life cycle of the ant consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. If the egg is
fertilized, it produces female ants i.e. queens, workers, or soldiers; and if the eggs remain

unfertilized, they produce male ants.
Egg: The shape of the egg of the Ants is oval and tiny (1 mm long, queen's egg is many times
larger).
Larvae: The larvae are worm–like and have no eyes and no legs. It eats food regurgitated by adult
ants. The larvae shed its skin (molt) many times as it increase in size.
Pupa: The larvae spin a silk–like cocoon around itself (against a solid object, like the wall of the
chamber) and pupate after reaching a certain size. During this phase, the body of it

Guided Ant Colony Optimization Based Variable Neighborhood...
GAVNS: Guided Ant Colony Optimization based Variable Neighborhood Search for Optimistic
Load Balancing in Grid Computing
Gurveer Kaur Brar1, Amit Chhabra2
1 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab, India
gurveer.dhillon43@gmail.com, amit.cse@gndu.ac.in
Abstract Grid Computing resolves high performance computing and throughput issues through
sharing of resources. These resources are heterogeneous in nature and geographically distributed to
develop large scale applications. Scheduling and Load balancing is one of the key ideas in grid
environment. For efficient scheduling, proper management of resources is required. This paper
mainly presents Guided Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Variable Neighborhood Search
(GAVNS) algorithm which represents how to schedule an independent jobs on grid nodes in order to
optimize the schedule and load on nodes/servers. The performance of proposed algorithm is
compared with existing Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm. Simulation results have
shown that GAVNS performs better than VNS. Moreover, better makespan is achieved through this
technique.
Keywords: Grid Computing; Job Scheduling; Makespan; Ant Colony Optimization; Load balancing;
Variable Neighborhood Search
1. Introduction
Grid Computing is a form of parallel and distributed computing that permits sharing, selection and
collection of widely dispersed dynamic resources at run time. They mainly rely on their availability,
performance, capability, cost and

The Myth Of The Ant Queen Summary
In his essay,"The Myth of the Ant Queen", Johnson states "although the queen is a term that reminds
us of a human political system the queen is not an authority figure in an ant colony". In a harvester
ant colony even though there is a queen present there is no jurisdiction or leadership. The reason the
ants carry the queen to abscond at a time of catastrophe is not that they are ordered to. In fact, they
carry the queen because the queen gives birth to numerous ants so it is the colony's best interest to
save the queen. Similarly, as Johnson begins describing the city of Manchester he makes an analogy
between the behavior of harvester ants. Manchester has no leader or authority it did not even send
representatives to Parliament until 1832.

Taking a Look at Zombie Ants
The stereotypical "Zombie Ant" , most typically found in a rain forest and or farm climate, are not
the flesh tearing type of zombie you most likely had in mind, instead, fungal–spreading mind
controlled ants, taken over by a fungal parasite. And these ants, are far from usual. There is a
cycling, almost endless process, repeated in three stages. The process and fungus is called
Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis. During the first faze, the fungal parasite picked up by the target ant,
enters the ant's brain, by latching on to the skin, literally tearing its way through its cuticle, and
separating all inside muscle tissue. The fungus is picked up from the forest floor, in particles
dropped by another infected ant. This powerful overtaking fungus is known as. After the fungus has
entered the body, it starts to travel up into the head of the infected ant.
After the parasite has entered the brain, the "zombification" stage of the fungus inside the ant causes
the fungus to grow in the head and take over the mind, where the ant now goes through an
uncontrollable, helpless faze, where the fungus is present in the head, and now in charge of the ant's
mind. In full control of the ant's body, the fungus can now direct the ant away from it's natural daily
routine, and cause it to roam around the forest hoplessly. The reason being for the fungus to target
and take over these ants in the first place is to create a sort of mass production of the fungul parasitic
ants, taking over the forest,

Ant Abundance Research Paper
Ant abundance and species richness within food and non–food consumption areas at Macquarie
University
Joshua Hostiadi (44879008)
Brandon Lau Ismail Shah Dustin Hewett
Executive Summary
The purpose of this study is to observe and study the ant population within the Macquarie University
campus. The research aim is to investigate and determine whether or not there is a difference
between the average ant abundance in food and non–food consumption areas, the average number of
morpho–species in both areas, the three main morpho–species found on the campus and advice on
whether a pest control management plan is required. Our findings have conclusively shown that
there were low numbers of ant abundance, resulting in a low number of morpho–species in both
areas. The council's main worry was whether there was a need to implement a pest control
management plan. Based on the findings, the low ant abundance and diversity deem the ants to be of
no threat; hence no management plan is necessary.
Introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When searching for a new location to establish their nest, ants look for a location near a food source
(Cao & Dornahus 2012). The many morpho–species of ants use sugars as their main food source
(Falibene & Josens 2012). When gathering and searching for food sources there are an abundant
number of ants that are involved with the process. The colony will send scouter ants that search for a
food source and upon its return it will leave a trail of pheromone, between the food source and the
nest. Other ants from the colony and any ants that were near the path will all follow the trail to the
food source (Li et al 2014). This behavior has led to researchers studying ant abundances within a
multitude of different locations and has discovered that there are a higher abundance of ants in areas
of higher food concentration (Maschwitz & Hänel

Red Ants Research Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Lissette Hartman

More from Lissette Hartman (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Red Ants Research Paper