Rainwater Harvesting Benefits + Limitations

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rainwater Harvesting
INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never
been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people
worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for
at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply
system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world
has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe water.
The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an additional
water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect
solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1. Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural
or mountain area, rainwater supply can co–exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to
them. (CEF, 2013)
2. Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of
safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises
due to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3. Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage
overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore,
water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC,
2015)
4. It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Water Conservation And Its Effects On American Urban...
Water Conservation
How do we stabilize the use of water in American Urban cities without wasting too much money
and drastically changing the lifestyles of people?
When it comes to water conservation, there are two types of changes that are looked upon. There are
little changes in the lifestyles of people and there are changes using technology. Within the two, the
majority of people look at changes using technology, such as desalination and water recycling. In
the other end, mostly environmentalists and vegan activists look at the amount of water eating food
uses and how the agriculture industry uses about half the water in the United States. But is this
really true? And which form of water conservation can be most efficient for the prolongment of the
earth?
Objective definitions are necessary in to understand what " stabilization of the use of water" really
means.The Merriam Webster Definition of "stabilize" is "to make stable, steadfast, or firm." To be
stable is to be "in a good state or condition that is not easily changed or likely to change," according
to Merriam Webster. In this research paper, I will be using "stabilization of water" as efficiently
using water and not letting it go to waste, such as the what The United States and other more
developed country have already doing. Desalination is converting seawater into drinking water.
Rainwater Harvesting is capturing water through rain and storing for later use. Green roofs are a
form of rainwater harvesting where

Techniques of Rain Water Harvesting to Increase Ground...
RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER
RAJASTHAN CONTEXT by Dr. S. K. GUPTA
Scientist 'D' Central Ground Water Board Western Region, Jaipur
Rain water harvesting and Artificial recharge of ground water
Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection
and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run off or as
evaporation.
The artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is
augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural conditions of replenishment utilizing suitable civil
construction techniques.
Identification of Area
Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. Areas where groundwater
levels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Check Dam, Cement Plug, Nala Bund
A series of small bunds are made across selected nala sections such that the flow of surface water in
the stream channel is impeded and water is retained on pervious soil/rock surface for longer period.
Nala bunds are constructed across bigger nalas of second order streams in areas having gentler
slopes. A nala bund acts like a mini percolation tank.
Horizontal Section of Nala Bund
Vertical Section of Nala Bund
Site Characteristic and Design Guidelines
The total catchment of the nala should normally be between 40 to 100 Hectares. The rainfall in the
catchment should be 25 m). Aquifer is over lain by impervious thick clay beds. Injection well can be
with or without assembly. The Injection well with assembly should have screen in the potential
aquifer at least 3–5 m below the water level. The injection well without assembly is filled with
gravel to provide hydraulic continuity so that water is directly recharged into the aquifer.
 

The injection well without assembly is very costeffective. The efficiency is very high and rate of
recharge goes even up to 15 1ps at certain places. Vertical Shaft with Injection Well
Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Collectorate Building, Jaipur
Lateral Recharge Shaft

Ideally suited for areas where permeable sandy horizon is within 3 meter

Using A Handheld Portable Gas Detector Weighting Up
One of the main challenges in this effort is how to autonomously operate multiple sensors for
oxygen monitoring and to replace the existing technology which is based on a handheld portable gas
detector weighting up to 5lbs and placed in the belt or waistband of the worker. Our innovative
design is based on converting wasted mechanical energy from the movement of the worker to useful
amount of energy by using the piezoelectric transduction mechanism. Depending on the movement
of the worker and the performed tasks, two possible piezoelectric energy harvesting systems can be
designed. The first one will be composed of a flexible piezoelectric layer attached on the top of an
aluminum sheet and directly attached to the skin of the worker as a band, as shown in Fig. 2(a). As
for the second design of the energy harvester shown in Fig. 2(b), it will be based on the available
excitation motion of the worker. This harvester will be efficient when the resonance phenomenon
takes place. This harvester will be integrated in the clothes of the worker.
As for the second design, low frequency excitations are present due to the worker's motion
including walking and contraction and expansion of his muscles. These low excitation motion can
provide viable amounts of wasted mechanical energy that can be converted to power many critical
devices including sensors for oxygen monitoring, pacemakers, defibrillators, cell phones, and
wireless sensors and actuators. A significant impediment in the

Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh...
FC/PM501 Skills for study 2 | Feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid
regions of the world. | Final report | | Word count 1200 | Tutor: James Belcher | | 1.0 Introduction
Everything which lives needs water to survive. There are a lot of places in the world where we can
find such problem as lack of clean water, and most of these places are developing countries. These
include areas in the north of China, India, and the western United States. Global climate change
only exacerbates the problem of water shortage. The World population is currently 7 billion people,
and each of them needs at least a liter of water a day. What is more, with the explosive growth of the
world population, water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The collected water can be used for drinking, for irrigation, for livestock, if collected in a container,
and then filtered. Rainwater collection system is very convenient, because it is simple to understand,
installation and operation. The principle of operation is simple. Water from the roof to the drain pipe
goes into the tank or tank if you want to use the water in the house, such as for drinking, it will pass
through the filter. for more complex systems requires a system of regulation There is around 1000
liter on each square meter a year, so, there is nearly 100 000 liter rainwater to collect a year on an
average roof, what means 217 litter of water a day (Aramo, 2012). According to the UK Rainwater
Harvesting Association good quality domestic system cost between $3000 and $4000 4.0
Recommendations and Conclusion Water is a finite resource. These techniques are not suitable for
all arid regions, only some can work for some regions. For example, Western Sahara can use
desalination, but it can't use rainwater, because there is no rain there or groundwater exploitation.
Desalination of water has become more available in the last decade, cost are falling rapidly, but it
still costs more than extraction of groundwater due to the huge costs required to remove the salt, so
that the water was fit for drinking and of its further use. Government in arid regions, when decide
how to get and clean out water, now

Design And Design Of A Green Building Fundementals 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESIGN BRIEF 3 PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES 3 ACHIEVING PLANNING REGULATIONS
7 GREEN BUILDING FUNDEMENTALS 11 Embodied Energy Assessment 11 Potable Water
Conservation/ Recycling Features 12 Rain Water Harvesting 13 Operational Energy Conservation
Strategies 15 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 16 Structural Design Philosophy 16 Critical/Preliminary
Member Sizes 17
REFERENCES 20
HOUSE DRAWINGS 25 PD1 – INTERIOR LAYOUT DESIGN 25 PD1 – INTERIOR LAYOUT
PLAN 26 PD1 – WINDOW & DOOR 27 PD2 – SITE EVELVATION 28 PD2 – BUILDING
ELEVATION 39 S01 – FOUNDATION LAYOUT PLAN 30 S02 – UPPER FLOOR FRAMING
LAYOUT 31 S03 – ROOF FRAMING LAYOUT 32 S03 – TRUSS DESIGN 33 S04 – WALL
FRAMING LAYOUT 34 PD2 – SERVICES CONNECTION 35
1.0 DESIGN BRIEF
The proposed single development is located within the Monash City Council subdivision lot number
56. It is designed as per the planning provisions stipulated in the Monash City Council Guidelines.
Lot number 56 is a 926 m^2 block with an 8% slope towards the back fence. Additionally there is a
3m easement along the back fence for surface drainage. All services (gas, water, electricity and
communications) are located at the right hand side corner of the plot (looking from access road).
Drive way access is located at the left hand corner of the plot (looking from access road).
The proposed house is a double storey, 3 bedroom dwelling

Next World War Could Be on Water
"Next world war could be on WATER"
"Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel prizes – one for peace
and one for science."
John F. Kennedy
Water Crisis:
Water is a basic requirement for all life, yet water resources are facing more and more demands
from, and competition among, users. President Kennedy has expressed the crisis of water in the
above said lines so beautifully. According to World Water Council "While the world's population
tripled in the 20th century, the use of renewable water resources has grown six–fold. Within the next
fifty years, the world population will increase by another 40 to 50 %. This population growth –
coupled with industrialization and urbanization – will result in an increasing ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
 Helps in utilizing the primary source of water and prevent the runoff from going into sewer or
storm drains, thereby reducing the load on treatment plants.
 Reduces urban flooding.
 Recharging water into the aquifers help in improving the quality of existing groundwater through
dilution.
Situation in India:
India is a developing country. The illiteracy rate there is comparatively high. Also water has been a
main concern there. Even though the rate of urbanization in India is among the lowest in the world,
the nation has more than 250 million city–dwellers. Experts predict that this number will rise even
further, and by 2020, about 50 per cent of India's population will be living in cities. This is going to
put further pressure on the already strained centralized water supply systems of urban areas.
(http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/Urbanwater–scenario.htm) According to Central Public
Health Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) estimates, as on 31 March 2000, 88 per cent of urban
population has access to a potable water supply. But this supply is highly erratic and unreliable.
Transmission and distribution networks are old and poorly maintained, and generally not
trustworthy. The proper conservation of the water is one of the crises that need to be solved
immediately else serious consequences may follow. Rain water harvesting in this prospect seems a
very

Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting
Measurement Folio Task
Rainwater Harvesting
Introduction:
In today's world, the scarcity of water due to global warming and climate changes is a major
problem. This cannot be reduced just by introducing water restrictions, it is necessary to collect and
store water in order to use them during droughts and situations where the supply of water is limited.
For this purpose, many cities have decided to build rainwater harvesting tanks in order to collect and
store rainwater for future use.
Rainwater can be used in various ways including watering gardens, toilet flushes, household chores
etc. Though, it is not advisable to drink rainwater, it can still be used for cooking after being boiled
or cleansed.
This report will include investigating several things such as the sizes of the tanks required for a
certain volume of water, the volume of water that should be used during different times of the year
and so on.
Through this task, common questions like– What is the capacity of rainfall that my roof can catch?
How often does rainfall occur? / What is the average rainfall in my area? What dimensions of the
tank would I need, to save a certain amount of water? How much water would I need for a certain
period of time? Would be answered
Answers
To prove: 1mm of rain that falls on 1m2 of surface = 1 litre of water in the tank.
L.H.S= 1 mm of rain on 1m2 of surface
Volume/ Capacity = h*A
= 1mm * 1m2
= 0.001m * 1m2 (Since 1mm= 0.001m)
= 0.001m3
1m3 = 1000 litre
∴

The Medicus Clinic Case Study
2.1 The "Yellow House" Found within the yellow house were incriminating evidence including
traces of blood and syringes, proving more than 400 missing post–Kosovo war victims were subject
to organ harvesting by the KLA (Lewis, 2008). After Although inquiries were made into the KLA's
involvement regarding organ trade, they were mostly ignored. The syndicate' heinous act would be
"exporting" prisoners across the borders and hiding them in a variety of derelict buildings. Figure 1
illustrates the suspected locations used. It was revealed the house and similar "prisons" were
grounds KLA operatives chose their organ victims. Afterwards, the organs were shipped to Dr.
Yusuf Sonmez in Istanbul. 2.2 The Medicus Clinic Attention was first drawn in October 2008 when
Kosovar immigration noticed an increasing number of foreigners whose purpose of visit was to
receive heart treatment at the Medicus clinic, which wasn't the specialty of the Priština located
institution. A month later, the illegal practice was uncovered when 23–year–old Turkish Yilman
Altun collapsed at the Pristina airport after selling his kidney to an Israelian for £76,400 (Lewis,
2010). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Organ donors were required to state they voluntarily donated and sign false declarations, with some
receiving a percentage of the promised €20,000, with others returning empty–handed (BOS, 2015).
A myriad of poor people from Eastern Europe and central Asia were "recruited. Clientele included
citizens from Canada, Germany, Poland and

Optimal Spatial Design Of Capacity And Quantity Of...
Author: Chien–Lin Haung, Nien–Sheng Hsu, Chih–Chiang Wei, and Wei–Jiun Luo Optimal Spatial
Design of Capacity and Quantity of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Urban Flood Mitigation
http://www.mdpi.com/2073–4441/7/9/5173/htm The change of global climate and the increasing
rate of severe hydrological events, combined with Taiwan's densely populated and overdeveloped
areas. Flooding caused by heavy rainfall is more than what it can handle. When there is a typhoon
and heavy rainfall, the water level rise very quickly. The pumping stations cannot handle that much
water, and can't keep up with the water levels. Over time, they have debated about putting in
rainwater harvest systems. Rainwater harvest systems are containers that collect roof ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2012, Campisano and Modica created a dimensionless methodology for the best design of
domestic rainwater harvest systems. From these studies, it can be proved that the previous research
had poorly designed the intake of the rainwater harvest systems. The size of the designs of rainwater
harvest systems were kept in small communities. They also lacked consideration of all metropolitan
catchments varying in special capacity and quality of the systems. The second category in rainwater
harvest systems is simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness. First the research included
evaluating the possible potential for safe to drink water savings by using rainwater in residential
areas. The second thing that was in the research was estimating nonpotable household potential.
With the performance of storage type, and investigating the potential benefits from sharing
rainwater harvest systems with neighbors by using rainfall data. Establishing the probabilistic
relationships between storage capacities and deficit rates of rainwater harvest systems was some of
the next things that were used to consideration. These studies weren't really considered for the
surface and sewer flowing after rainwater. There are many studies evaluating the performance and
reliability if rainwater harvest systems using numerical or hydrological models. Jones and Hunt
figured

Solar Power : The Main Advantages Of Solar Energy
One of the main advantages of solar energy is the fact that it is a renewable energy source but it also
bares other advantages that make it suitable for residential and maintenance reasons. Of these
include the conversation of thermal energy which can be used for any heating components required
for the tiny house, furthermore the electricity can be used to advance the supply of clean water by
employing an efficient water distillation system. Although the maintenance costs tend to be low, it is
important to consider the high costs of initially purchasing a set of solar panels. Depending on
further research the consideration of integrating solar panels on to the front facade of the building is
also another option to optimize the use of solar energy. The energy needs of the tiny house have not
yet been computed. As the overall design is still in progress, it is unknown how many panels will fit
onto the roof, or be needed to produce the electrical power needed for building operation. Net Zero
Petals – Water Net zero water in a residential complex is achieved when the water being used and
the water that is returned to the original water source is equal to the building's total water
consumption. This must be done with minimal deterioration and depletion to preserve the quantity
and quality of natural water. However, in a system where the structure is not located near a water
shed then returning water to the original water source becomes a challenge and therefore a net zero

Climate Change And Urban Environment
Change in climate is becoming a major concern on a global scale, as it has had a tremendous impact
on urban environment. Oxford dictionary defines climate change as:
'A change in global or regional climate patterns, [...] attributed to the increased levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.' (Oxford Dictionary 2015)
The increasing amount of green house gases (GHG) released in the atmosphere is causing
significant changes in the environment leading to unpredictable weather patterns and warming of
the climate system is putting a great pressure on city development and infrastructures. This essay
outlines three problems caused by climate change in urban areas, and evaluates the effectiveness of
some of the mitigation and adaptation strategies. This essay reasons that mitigation and adaptation
strategies need to work in synergy in order to address the situation effectively.
The three problems caused by climate change are, rise in sea level, varied energy demand, and water
scarcity. Firstly, the impact on costal areas contributing to sea level rise has made low–lying cities
vulnerable to them. Hunt and Watkiss (2011, p. 32) estimates that a 50 m raise in sea level would
render Mumbai's informal communities in severe despair. Moreover, climate change will lead to
variation in energy demand. Hunt and Watkiss (2011, p. 33) explain even though winter heating will
decrease due to warmer weather, cooling anticipated increasing in summer, increasing GHG

Enviro Development And Development Guidelines
Enviro Development guidelines to follow:
Aspects Requirements to follow Notes
Energy One of the following
1. Photovoltaic System to be installed of at least (minimum) 1.0 kw
2. Gas boosted solar hot water system (2,600 kwh) along with insulation in ceiling and wall (1,500
kwh) and make a minimum total of 4,100 kwh Gas boosted solar – minimum 5 star rated
Energy efficient lights
Water use 1. Specification for grey water recycling system
2. Rain water harvesting system with 3000 L tank and 100 Sqm roof catchment area Dual flush
toilet, taps – minimum 4 star rated
Shower head – minimum 3 star rated
Passive environment Unit orientation towards north light to access daylight into living areas
Outdoor living area – as per the R codes
Good ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Proponent commitments:
During the process, there are certain commitments made by Proponent for Environmental
management, in which 3rd commitment is particularly related to the wetland management which
ensures to focus on the minimisation of impacts on the wetland and make sure that there is no harm
to environment. The commitments are as under:
1. Identification of existing wetland area to be retained;
2. Avoiding direct and minimising indirect impacts on the wetland;
3. Ensuring no net loss of wetland values and functions;
4. Rehabilitation techniques to be employed;
5. Selection of appropriate local wetland and dry land species to maintain and enhance existing
habitats;
6. Mitigation strategies for loss of any vegetation will be investigated, including both on–
subdivision area and off–subdivision area options;
7. Creation of a new wetland area to be located adjacent to the retained wetland and the river
foreshore suitable for Black Swan breeding habitat;
8. Adopt existing mosquito and midge management protocols currently utilised by the City of South
Perth;
9. Monitoring criteria to determine success of the plan;
10. Progress and compliance reporting; and

11. Timing and implementation schedule.
As per the wetland management:
Tasks Description
Objectives to be followed All the objective for the wetland management

Trends Of Energy Harvesting : Introduction
Trends of Energy Harvesting
Introduction
Wireless sensor network
Wireless sensor networks are the networks that gather information such as environmental
information, which there are numbers of applications of WSN such as healthcare, building
monitoring, forest fire, smart home etc. WSN is capable of sensing, processing and communicating
independently. However, as most of the sensor nodes are powered by non–rechargeable battery, the
limitation of energy supply has considerably reduced the lifetime of the sensor network. Hence, new
designs of sensor node network and energy efficient MAC (Media Access Control) and protocols for
long term autonomous monitoring wireless sensor network has become the next vision.
The designing of WSN has become more and more challenging, as the size of the nodes kept
shrinking and the need of reducing power consumption. Duty cycle allows the node to gather data
and transmit with less energy consumption, but sometimes that also inducted delays. A higher
current will be drawn by the sensor node when it is awake, hence duty cycle has been introduced to
reduce the energy consumption of the node. An average ultralow power microcontroller consumes
51μA/MHz in transceiving mode and 0.5μA in standby mode. Some WSN monitor slow
environment changes which only require a low duty cycle and hence a power requirement. For those
applications, the WSN nodes can be in sleep mode for most of the time and only wakes up when it
is scheduled to transmit/receive

A Water Project Proposal from the Maragoli Area Community...
A WATER PROJECT PROPOSAL FROM THE MARAGOLI AREA COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION
PROJECT TITLE: Lusiola (LEW–SHOR–AH) Environmental Group Water and Sanitation Project
LOCATION: Kenya, Western Province, Vihiga District, Vihiga Division, Mungoma Location,
Lusiola Sub–Location, Vigedze (VEE–GAY–ZA) Village SUMMARY OF PROPOSAL: The
Lusiola Environmental Group seeks funding for improvements in water quality in Vigedze Village
through the installation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems, the protection of 11 community
springs, and improvements to latrines. SPECIFIC PROJECT OBJECTIVES: 1) Installation of
rainwater harvesting systems (Ksh 200,750; US$2808) 2) Protection of 11 springs (Ksh. 591,200;
US$8211) 3) Improvements of latrines (Ksh ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our nine–member board of trustees (representing the U.S., Netherlands, Japan and Kenya) is
primarily responsible for fund–raising, but our on–site project coordinator and local board of
governors make crucial recommendations on project funding and oversee project implementation
and evaluation. In the first two years of operation. MACODEF raised nearly $25,000 to fund
projects in education, health care and micro–enterprise. For example, the following projects were
funded over the past two years:
2
2004 Projects Provided school uniforms and scholarships for AIDS orphans Repaired water tank
and constructed new latrines at village primary school Provided funds for final phase of construction
of a community meeting hall Funded equipment for science laboratory at Vigina Secondary School
2005 Projects Began construction of a rural health clinic in Vigedze Village Provided small grants
for medicine and food to individuals with AIDS Conducted AIDS awareness seminars via funding
of the village soccer team Provided new desks for students and teachers at Vigina Primary School
Funded school uniforms and scholarships to AIDS orphans Provided micro–loans to start a village
grain

The Physics Of Gravity Fed System
Gravity Fed System
In rural area of Cambodia, Water from the rainwater tank is supplied to the targeted facilities such as
houses and school by gravity. Gravity is a force that attracts all the objects on the Earth surface due
to the attraction exerted by the mass of the planet. This force usually fall at lowest point of the
surface. In this situation, the water in the tank flows down by its own weight through pipe and run
out from taps. It is applicable if the pipes and taps are lower than the level of the water in the tank
itself. The formula to calculate the force acting by the height of water is as follow:
P = ρgh where, [1]
W: Pressure of the water (Pa) ρ: density of water (kg/m3) g: gravity of the Earth (ms–2) h: height of
the water from the ground surface (m)
Figure 6– Illustration of the gravity force acting on the water
In addition, most of the rainwater tank in rural area of Cambodia are elevated rainwater tank and
ground level water tank. Both rainwater tanks use the force of gravity to transport water by
pipework to nearby houses. Main reason of using gravity force for water transportation due to it low
maintanence and running cost. In addition the level of services also consistence due to low
maintannece needs. Therefore for elevated rainwater tank, the foundation normally is built with four
reinforced concrete tower elevated between 4m up to 9m. For ground water tank, its foundation is
built 700mm above the ground level to provide sufficient

Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS
Decatur High School uses water for numerous tasks on a daily basis. Whether its watering schools
lawns, washing animals at the Ag building, watering greenhouse plants, or cooking in the cafeteria
and washing one's hands; DHS could not function without the readily available supply of water.
Unfortunately, water has become scarcer in Texas over the past few years, because of extreme
drought conditions. Due to the limited supply of water in Wise County and surrounding areas, DHS
should install a rainwater harvesting system. People often take water for granted, assuming that it
will always be readily available. They see endless pictures of beautiful lakes, rivers, and oceans that
have an abundance of crystal clear water on websites such as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the same way, Georgia Tech created a 6000–gallon collection system that waters landscape and
allows over flow to travel to a nearby pond ("Old Civil"). These two schools are merely examples of
the hundreds of schools seeking to make a positive impact on their environment. At CHRIS Kids, a
foster care system in Atlanta, Georgia, a 19,400–gallon collection tank was built to provide water
for irrigation. Property manager Harold Moreau stated "We use those gallons of water for our
irrigation. The property has a lot of natural vegetation, and with the readily available source of water
from the cistern, we're able to water accordingly as well as reduce costs, because we're not taking in
any city water to use for our irrigation program"("CHRIS Kids"). Building a proper rainwater
system can be rather expensive upfront; however, many organizations offer funding to assist with
the cost and in the long run, the benefits will outweigh the cost that was spent to build it. According
to the Texas Water Development Board, a typical collection system for a home will cost between
eight to ten thousand dollars ("Frequently Asked Questions"). While this sounds like an outrageous
price to collect a small amount of water, systems can actually collect a lot of water from only a little
amount of rain. The average rainfall in Austin is 32 inches annually, but homes can collect up to
34,000 gallons of water per year ("Frequently Asked

Rain Water Harvesting
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Other Information
In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People
depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water
management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system.
As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water management
system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to be carried
out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to traditional
system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by people 's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting
the ground water level of the area.
Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system
The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in
the following typical schematic diagram/
The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:
§ Catchment
§ Transportation
§ First flush
§ Filter
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be
terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or
sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the
harvesting system.

Transportation
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to
storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required
capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces,
mouth of the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material.
First Flush
First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains
needs to be flushed–off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable
contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It

Case Study : Generic, Surveying, And Engineering Factors...
Case study on Generic, Surveying, and Engineering Factors Investigation of Tanahu, Khairanitar.
Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011 Mubarak Alenezi, Bachelors in Engineering
(honors) major mechanic of the University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba, Queensland 4350,
Australia August 2014. TABLE OF CONTENTS Part B1 – Investigation of Generic Factors
......................................... 3 Part B2 – Investigation of Surveying Factors....................................... 4
Part B3 – Investigation of Civil & Structural Engineering Factors..... 6 Part B4 – Investigation of
Electrical Engineering Factors................... 8 Part B5 – Investigation of Mechanical Engineering
Factors................9 References .............................................................................................10 LIST
OF FIGURES Figure 1: table of percentage of drinking water in Tanahu..........................................4
Figure 2: map of precipitation in 2008 in Khairenitar station of Tanahun.................4 Figure 3: map
of precipitation in 2008 in Khairenitar station of Tanahun.................4 Figure 4: Dimensions and
choice of the appropriate size of both gutter and outer drain for the right roof size
..............................................................................................6 Figure 5: Schema of the structure of a
gutter ................................................................6 Figure 6: Material requirement for the construction
of a rainwater jar:....................7 Figure 7: Drawing shows the dimensions of iron molds for the jar
body and rim molds for the jar mouth, for 2000 little capacity............................................................7
Figure 8: scheme of a RWH ..............................................................................................8 Part B

Persuasive Speech On Organ Trafficking In China
A. (Attention Gainer) Can you imagine being in prison and being forced to take blood tests and
medical exams? That these medical tests are what going to determine whether you live or not. You
probably cannot imagine that, but that is what is happening to many prisoners in China. These
prisoners are being tested for potential buyers in China for illegal human organ trafficking
B. (Reason to Listen) This practice is inhumane and unethical and we need to put an end to
something like this.
C. (Establishing Credibility) Through extensive research of human organ trafficking, I am confident
enough to be discussing this issue.
D. (Thesis) China is performing unethical acts for their human organ trafficking and we need to put
an end to it.
E. (Preview Main Points) Today, I am going to talk about how the Chinese government is lying to
their people, why this practice is still going on, and solutions to ending this problem.
II. Body
A. (Main Point #– Problems/ Harms) The Chinese government has been deceitful to their people
about where the main source of their organs come from.
1. Chinese government has told their citizens that the organs they receive come from volunteers and
not from prisoners anymore. However, "For the last decade or more, Chinese hospitals, aided by
internet advertising, have been major destinations for wealthy or well insured transplants tourists
from around the world" (Danovitch et al., 2013, p. 1308–1309).
2. There has been much evidence that shows that

The Importance of Rainwater Producing
Rainwater producing is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse beforehand that up to
groundwater. Also, is a method of collection and storage of rain water in external (reservoirs) or
groundwater below the external of the earth beforehand you become capitulated as external runoff.
Architects and builders are nowadays routinely constructing arrangements to make sure we uphold
water stocks. A little of the arrangements most oftentimes installed at the nowadays are those
projected for rainwater harvesting. In easy words, this has been projected to arrest and storage
rainwater that falls on the external in order to be reused in the houses and in the business.
Uses contain water of the park, water for livestock, indoor warming of the residences and water for
irrigation intentions etc. Rainwater that has been amassed of the surfaces of houses, tents and innate
institutions, or from specially coordinated spans of earth, might make an vital contribution to
drinking water.( Anon, 2009 )
It is a style to rise the nutrition of groundwater across storage rainwater innately, by rooftop water
producing, packaged to engraved wells (Thompson,2010 ). From the main goals of rainwater
producing is:
Supplement internal water needs.
To face the producing demand from water
To amass rainwater.
To supply water to garden.
To craft awareness concerning rainwater producing system.
This assignment debates concerning water conservation across the adoption of rainwater

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rainwater...
INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never
been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people
worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for
at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply
system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world
has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe water.
The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an additional
water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect
solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1. Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural
or mountain area, rainwater supply can co–exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to
them. (CEF, 2013)
2. Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of
safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises
due to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3. Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage
overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore,
water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC,
2015)
4. It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy

Woza Moya Organization is an NGO
THE NGO THAT I HAVE CHOSEN IS THE WOZA MOYA ORGANISATION
1. DISCUSS THE REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ORGANISATION
Woza Moya was initiated by Sue Hedden who in 1998/9 was called to assist when the running of the
kitchen at the Buddhist retreat centre which was assisting the Buddhist and Zulu speaking and so the
workers would go to her for advice in helping them with problems they faced in their work place.
They mentioned their desire to learn to speak English. Sue had been trained in adult literacy and
decided to take this to another level. The classes soon became the highlight of the week. She soon
became aware of other issues such as HIV & Aids. Sue had a school friend contact who was also an
executive director of the Aids foundation of South Africa, her response was immediate and laid out
some guidelines to follow and she contacted the stakeholders in the Ufafa community such as:
counsellors, traditional healers and parents to find out what issues people were facing and how to
respond. They began meeting with the various communities. Kitti Soro and Thani Saro Weinberg
who were resident teachers said they would raise funds to initiate the project. They also used friends
in the USA and the fundraising events began. Five years later the Woza Moya community centre
was birthed in 2005. The centre was relocated to the community of Ufafa. The name Woza Moya
came into being from her personal experience, which was when her fiancé Dave Everett took his
own life, he was a

Comparing Different Ways of Supplying Water to Kenya
ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Write a report that compares two or three different ways to supply water in
this region. At the end of the report, make a recommendation of the best method of water provision.
1. Introduction Water is one of the vital substances on earth and according to Kreger
(2004)"Actually, only 1% of the world's water is usable to us. About 97% is salty seawater, and 2%
is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. Thus that 1% of the world's water supply is a precious
commodity necessary for our survival." All humans on earth need water to survive. A human can go
for weeks without food but only 5–7 days without water (Szflarski et al, 2013). When the water in
your body is reduced by 1% you become thirsty. Apart from drinking it ... Show more content on
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Another plus to rainwater harvesting is that high technological know how is required to set it up
because of local materials and craftsmanship.
Figure 4.1; Ikathima Primary School, Tseikuru Kenya. Photo by Nelly Aroka (February, 2010)
4.2 Desalination Desalination is the process in which excess salt water and other minerals are
removed from water to make it consumable (Rosadoi, Moraisii, 2010). This source of water is very
expensive to operate in rural areas of Kenya because the materials and running cost is on the high
side. It has a lot of environmental impact, positively it is an additional source of water supply and it
helps to keep the groundwater aquifers from going dry however the side effect of desalination is that
it leads to the emission of greenhouse gases, large production of concentrated brine, discharge of
salt by–product which is harmful to people residing around. Water born diseases will be reduced
drastically and also creates job opportunities due to large industrial plants for processing. Source of
steady electricity power to make this plant work will be a major concern and a large number of
inhabitants make lack the technological knowledge to operate the desalination plants.
Figure 4.2; A desalination plant. Photo by Multi Purpose Industries (June, 2010)
4.3 Dug Well Dug well is one of the oldest method of

Organ Shortage Around The World
In the 21st century, it is obvious to the world that there is an organ shortage around the world. Many
thousands, hundreds of thousands of people are waiting for organs to save their lives. There are just
not enough organs to be spread around to the people who urgently need them. The global response
to this problem is very different throughout different countries. Some countries are harvesting
organs, some executing prisoners, some paying people to donate, some allowing people to sell them
on the black market, and some countries just urging people to donate out of the kindness of their
hearts. The organs and tissues you can currently donate (deceased) are; liver, heart, lungs, cornea,
tissue, pancreas, kidneys, small intestines, blood, blood vessels, bone marrow and other parts of the
bone, heart valves and skin. Organ donation is a very controversial topic, with many nations taking
different opinions as a whole. But why are some people so hesitant to donate their organs to the
people who really need them?
The first question is really; how many organs do we actually need? Currently, the Australian
Donation rate is 16.1 donors per million. 16 people in every million donating their organs. That is
approximately 384 donors in the whole population of Australia. You may think that is quite a lot, but
when there are 1600 people urgently waiting for an organ, this measly 384 people is just not enough.
This situation is viewed differently around the globe. There are many different

Limitations Imposed By High Water Demands
Limitations imposed by high water demands:– Various opinions on implementing water harvesting
techniques fail to consider the important water demand–availability conditions. Specifically water
requirement for a particular area is calculated based on current social– economic schemes as well as
the pastoral climate, which gets attuned by the resource atmosphere of the village, disposal of
various technologies to access them along with the provincial legislative policies for the specific
time frame. Regions incorporating substantial watered farming methods before, and having good
water bequest along with good policies and governmental support will require more water for
agriculture even though they might face water scarcity. This is the ... Show more content on
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For Bihar, the concentration is low however cold and sub–humid weather eases the requirements for
irrigation considerably. In most of the regions, the chief concern for societies is to access the water
for agriculture and not the physical accessibility of water. For deprived societies, the harvesting of
water fail to offer any cost–effective solution for gaining access to the water.
Need for a Cohesive Approach:– The volume of runoff along with its occurrence pattern decides
how much surplus amount a particular water harvesting structure can store. A catchment of one
kilometer square experiencing an overall yearly runoff of 20 cm can produce a surface flow of 0.20
MCM. Generally, the actual pattern decides how much amount could be stored. Short duration, high
concentration rainfalls are normally seen in parched and semi–arid parts of India, giving rise to flash
floods. During main monsoon days, most of the runoff takes place, leading to less proficiency of
collection of such runoffs thereby decreasing the capacity of the structures developed for the same.
However, if, large systems are built to store high runoff concentrations, it helps in increasing the
proficiency of collection of runoffs, which leads to expanding cost per unit volume of water stored.
That's why it is argued that, if collected water is directly diverted to the plants for use in parched
areas, then only runoff harvesting should be implemented. In

Council House Research Paper
Council House 2 (CH₂)
Council House 2 is the City of Melbourne's 10 storey office building that was completed in 2006. It
has approximately 540 staff who are housed there with retail on the ground floor and underground
parking. Its ground floor area is 12,536m² which consists of:
1995m² GFA basement areas
500m² net letable area (NLA) – ground floor retail
9373m² total NLA
1064m² GFA – typical floor
It was designed as a world leading Six Star office building which incorporated sustainable features
such as the innovative cooling storage system in the basement to vertical gardens and wind turbines
on the roof. The sustainable features are incorporated throughout all 10 floors of the building.
WATER
Dr Mazazuza Otham & Dr Nira Jayasuriya ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This again helps it gain its Six Star Green rating. Figure 1 shows how the final design of CH₂ is by
far better than the existing building, and the improvement it's made from a 4.5 star building.
HEATING & COOLING
CH₂ heating and cooling system is designed to have a temperature of 21–23°C. It works with a
combination of ceiling panels and chilled beams which can be found above the windows. These
beams create cool air at around 18°C. Heat is absorbed in the concrete ceilings and through the
natural ventilation of the building will be removed. As approximately 70% of the ceiling is curved
in shape, there is expected to be a 14% decrease in cooling energy usage by the natural ventilation
process. Figure 1 show's how the cooling of the offices is expected to work.
The heating requirements of CH ₂ are expected to be minimal as there will be enough heat generated
by lighting, equipment and the occupants of the building. The heat generated is anticipated to
maintain the preferred thermal comfort level. Some traditional heating may be needed during winter,
which will be generated through a gas heating system of from heat created by gas fired mirco
turbine. Figure 2 shows how the north side heating and cooling

P2 Opportunities
P2 Opportunities
The retail industry has used various pollution prevention techniques that are applicable to other
industries. In many cases the success of the pollution prevent program is determined by the
commitment of the facility and employees. This resource list provides some useful information as
well as links that are focused on P2 for the retail industry. There are a wide range of
implementations available for retail locations and while the information presented in this resource
list includes specific case studies and examples, these are not comprehensive and are presented for
illustrative purposes. ADEQ does not specifically endorse the products, businesses and certifications
on this resource list.
Focus Areas:
1. Waste from Nicotine–containing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rainwater Harvesting Policies – http://nepis.epa.gov/EPA/html/DLwait.htm?
url=/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1005FN2.PDF?Dockey=P1005FN2.PDF
Proper Disposal of Hazardous Waste:
Compactor Demonstration Project – http://nepis.epa.gov/EPA/html/DLwait.htm?
url=/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/9100SHCN.PDF?Dockey=9100SHCN.PDF
Solar Trash Compactors – http://bigbelly.com/
Sustainable Management of Electronics – http://www.epa.gov/ssm–electronics
Product Return Systems –
http://epa.ohio.gov/portals/32/pdf/Product_Return_Reverse_Distribution.pdf
Life Cycle Assessment – http://nepis.epa.gov/EPA/html/DLwait.htm?
url=/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1000L86.PDF?Dockey=P1000L86.PDF
Energy Use:
Small Wind Electric Systems – http://energy.gov/energysaver/small–wind–electric–systems
Waste to Biogas Mapping Tool – http://www3.epa.gov/region9/biogas/purpose.html
Biomass Heating and Cooling Technologies – http://www.epa.gov/rhc/biomass–heating–and–
cooling–technologies Micro–hydropower Systems –
http://energy.gov/energysaver/microhydropower–systems
Solar Panel Implementation – https://cfo.asu.edu/solar
Quarterly Solarization Program Status – http://www.asu.edu/fm/documents/solar–status.pdf
Benchmark Energy Use –

On-Campus Garden Persuasive Essay
Sustainability is something we talk about a lot. It's taught to kids in elementary and middle schools
now, but when I was in primary school it was not heavily focused on. There has been shift in
priorities between generations, and I feel that it's very hard to get my generation on board with
living in a sustainable manner. I once gave a speech on the importance of recycling that almost put
the entire class to sleep. I think this is because my generation does not care, it's not their problem,
the idea of the earth not supporting them is not something that has been brought to their doorstep,
and in a manner of speaking they are unaware that their actions have negative consequences. My
ideas for making the Grand View campus more eco–friendly is a three–fold process fully
incorporated to form a closed loop. First, I believe we should have a(n) on–campus garden(s) where
students are responsible for caring for crops which could be consumed in the cafeteria or used in a
food pantry. Second, we should harvest rainwater for use in the gardens and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In this example, the school installed a 50,000–gallon tank below the frost level in the ground. The
tank is made from recycled plastic. The water is stored in the underground tank and then it is
cleaned before it is transferred to a 600–gallon holding tank in the basement of the school (Pushard,
n.d.). This water is used in the toilets and in the irrigation systems. Any flushed water or overflow
rainwater goes into the on–site wetlands which are a rubber–lined rock–filled pond where plants are
grown in septic water and the micro–organisms and plants feed off the pollutants. The clean water is
then pumped into the ground to help recharge the aquifer (Pushard,

Hrm/531 Week 6 Final Team Report
To determine and discuss the teams design area and project associated with it, for the completion of
the remaining team reports.
All and any reasons that the team has chosen this project, based on previous experience or certain
skill sets.
Determine the previous experience and skill sets of all team members which should be sourced from
portfolio 1 Tasks 2 and 3.
Understand how these characteristics of team members can help contribute to the project and how
they can best benefit the team. Stage 2
What we already know:
· Design area – Water Supply and Sanitation
· All team members have different worldly experiences and therefore have different skill sets. Stage
3
What do I need to find out: (To posted in team forum for answers)
· Which design project within our specified design area are we going to choose for the remaining
team reports?
· Why we have chosen this project?
· What skills sets and experience do people have to best suit the ... Show more content on
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6. How team members can be given the opportunity to meet the course objectives and their personal
learning goals.
As previously stated there have been and are going to be an extensive amount of opportunities for
team members to achieve and complete their personal learning goals. All team members have been
given the opportunity to announce and discuss which particular learning goal they are most wishing
to achieve, or a few of them. This was discussed within the first few meetings, and different roles,
responsibilities and task were allocated accordingly, to best suit every team member's personal
learning goals they are wishing to achieve. Problem Solving Cycle – Part B.1 – Continued Stage

Countless Years of Environmental Torture in Nepal
Overfilling with mountainous regions and breathtaking scenery, Nepal has yet to recover from
countless years of environmental issues. Like a snowball rolling down a hill, problems in Nepal
only grow more significant as the years go by. Taking notice of the extreme environmental problems
in the country, world–wide organizations researched the regions of Nepal, only to find that water
pollution was an emerging, life–threatening issue. Immediately, many international organizations
partnered with the Nepalese government in hopes of improving the water status of the country by
using the "Rainwater Harvesting Jar," an efficient solution to the water problem. Nepal is a small
country located between India and China with a growing population of over thirty million people.
While the country is often famous for its beautiful landscapes and tourist attraction, Mount Everest,
it is actually suffering with severe water pollution. Clean water is eventually becoming more limited
and difficult to access, and the population of many communities is rapidly growing. "Many rural
communities live in remote areas far from water supplies while in urban areas, an increase of
population, caused in part by people moving because of the decade long internal conflict, is putting
increasing strain on limited water and sanitation facilities" ("WaterAid's Approach"). This ever–
increasing population is not only affecting the amount of water, but also the cleanliness and safety
of it. People are unaware of

Analysis And Comparisons Of Many Water Supply Alternatives...
Analysis and comparisons of several water–supply alternatives for North–west China
Introduction:
The world's semi–arid and arid regions are located mainly in North Africa, the Middle East, as well
as South Asia. There are also isolated arid areas in Australia, parts of South America and the
southern part of North America (Clarke, 1991, p.13). In this report, the problems of arid regions in
China will be studied and analysed. The reasons for choosing China as a research target are because
the rapid development of industries in China, has led to increasingly serious issues of climate
conditions. Overall, the arid and semi–arid regions in China are getting bigger as time moves on.
According to a report (Milker), the arid rangeland of China ... Show more content on
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Dams not only preserve water for future use but also can be used as power stations and there are
other benefits (such as flood control, irrigation, electrical generation etc.) (FEMA). However,
building dams involves massive financial investment from government and also a lot of
displacement can occur. As a result, the cost of building dams is very high as it needs massive
manpower and compensation for displacing families. Taking a dam (on Grand Coulee, Columbia
river) built between USA and Canada as an example, it cost £6.5bn, it has a height of 170 metres,
forming a 260 square kilometre reservoir (The guardian). 96000 people were forced to be resettled
and there was a loss of some fish species. Most Indian inhabitants were not compensated for 45
years which caused a very bad feeling between government and citizens. As for the benefits, 1,400
farms have been irrigated; there is a big water source for industry and urban areas. Furthermore,
huge profits have been made from hydroelectricity, which has a capacity of 6,809 megawatts of
power. Overall, precise plans and calculations should be done before making the decision to build a
dam.
2. Desalination
Desalination refers to various types of technical processes; the aim is to remove salts from seawater
(Banat). In these processes, a series of very highly technical equipment will be required, which
means demands on technology for the target region. The most noticeable benefits from desalination
are

An Investigation Of Generic Factors Of Parbat
PART B Part B1– Investigation of Generic factors of Parbat, Kushma The civilization of Parbat
district can be cataloged into ethnicity and antique monuments. Ethnic groups such Magars, Newars
and Gurungs inhabit Parbat district (Shrestha and Gautam, 2014). The people living in those
districts own custom religion, tradition, language and a living style which is unique. Ancient
monuments are present such as Temple, Pati, Gurungs, caves and Religious pilliars (Shrestha and
Gautam, 2014). The homogeneity of the ethnicity will affect the formation of the project in the area.
Consequently, the project should be developed in a manner that all the groups living in the area
benefit specifically and fairly. This will avoid conflicts that can occur and hinder the completion of
the project. The culture of Parbat district can be cataloged into ethnic culture and archaeological
monuments. Ethnic groups such Magars, Newars and Gurungs inhabit Parbat district (Shrestha and
Gautam, 2014). The indigenous groups in the district have custom religion, tradition, language and
living style which are unique. There are archaeological monuments in the area such as Temple, Pati,
Gumbas, Cave and religious pillar (Shrestha and Gautam, 2014). The ethnic groups homogeneity
will affect the establishment of the project in the area. Therefore, the project should be developed in
a manner that all the groups living in the area benefit specifically and fairly. This will avoid
conflicts that can occur and

Csr Objectives Of Godrej Industries
Q1) If you were the CEO of GIL, what other CSR activities would you have undertaken that would
have aligned well with the company's current CSR portfolio and current line of business?
Godrej industries stand as a hallmark of successful CSR activity, leading with the baton especially
in the field of sustainable development and conservation of the environment. Their involvement
with initiatives involving afforestation, animal protection and conservation (through the WWF),
green revolution (through their Green Business Centre construction) are but a few examples of how
Godrej Industries has a set a standard for other companies to work efficiently in pursuing their CSR
goals.
Tracing the nature of the company's business and aligned CSR activities ... Show more content on
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(Retail supply chain for fine and gourmet foods and beverages from across the world)
Overall, Godrej Industries in its operation over a century, has come to establish itself as a multi–
billion dollar company (more specifically, a US$1.875 billion conglomerate) that has established
international presence across the globe, in countries including 40 countries in North and South
America, Asia, Europe, Australia and Africa.
Keeping in mind its leadership position that it continues to maintain particularly within the chemical
and consumer product markets, the stand that GIL (Godrej Industries Ltd.) holds on the CSR
initiative within India is assumedly expected to affect the trend for CSR initiatives not only among
smaller companies in the same or related industries but also the CSR initiatives among SMEs that
receive investments through the parent Godrej

Innovative Construction Techniques And New Technologies
San Jose State University
Innovative Construction Products, Techniques or New Technologies to Achieve Credits towards
LEED Certification of a Building
Hanna Saed
CE 237 Sustainable Construction
Professor Charles Weston
4 November 2014
November 4, 2014
Professor Charles Weston
San Jose State University, Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering
San Jose, CA 95192
Dear Professor,
With great pleasure I submit this semester paper that we have been assigned as an essential
requirement for this course, Sustainable Construction. I found the study to be quite interesting,
beneficial and knowledgeable. I have tried my best to prepare an effective and creditable paper.
This paper is about products, construction techniques and new ... Show more content on
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My results fell into the LEED categories as follows, one under sustainable site (Cyclepods), one
under water efficiency (CISTA Rainwater Harvesting System), three under energy and atmosphere
(Solar Water Heater, Solar Water Bulb and Planting trees close to buildings), four under materials
and resources (ERO Robots, Bubble Deck Concrete System, Pitcher Filters and Pallet Furniture)
and one under indoor environmental quality (Houseplants). The main source of gathering
information was based on online research and personal knowledge from previous experiences. Some
of the results showed great benefits with minimal need of financial sources to install or maintain,
others were more technologically advanced, thus more expensive but served their purpose in an
excellent manner in the area of their field. In conclusion, the benefits of these results affect the
personal health, the environment and the economy. More awareness and dedication to these studies
would increase the efficiency of those products and their availability to the people.

Introduction
With the prosperity of economy, more facilities and infrastructure are needed to cope with the
economic development. The Construction sector have an essential role in it, therefore increasing the
pressure on natural resources that could affect the environment on all levels. Some guidelines were
prepared by US Green Building Council (USGBC) in the form of a certification program

A Liberal Arts Education
Critical thinking means to think correctly in to find knowledge that is relevant and reliable. In terms
of a liberal arts education critical thinking is crucial because a liberal arts education teaches students
skills that are needed in the rapidly changing world that usually requires a lifetime of self–learning
and understanding. Critical thinking is something that people usually must learn on their own;
however, as a liberal arts school it is taught, so we have a better understanding of thinking critically.
Green Technologies that have been addressed.
Photovoltaic power
Wind Farms
Hybrid Vehicles
Nuclear Power
Ocean Power
Biodiesel
Clean Coal
Fully Electric Vehicles
Fuel Cells
Water reusing technologies
Batteries
Harvest of Rainwater
Carbon footprint is the total of greenhouse gases produced by an individual's habits as well as the
energy required to produce things an individual consumes.
The individual components of the bottled water supply chain that contribute significantly to the

industry 's carbon footprint are apparent in the entire process of creating bottled water. During
extraction and production oil is used to create the plastic bottles. Then energy is required to ship the
bottles across the globe. Lastly, disposal of the bottles is an issue as the majority of them ends up in
landfills in which they will remain for thousands of years, or they are put into incinerators which
releases toxins into the air.
Calculations

Water Consumption Throughout The World
1.0 Introductory: Water Consumption in Canada Water consumption, in many regions, is becoming
problematic as the objective is to consume and to prevent it from becoming an obsolete factor.
Canada has access to one fifth of the world's freshwater and is known for its rich–water, but
noticeably today many regions across the country are suffering water insufficiency on a periodical
basis and some even more frequently than others. Canada is one of the largest per capita users of
fresh water in the world. One of the few conclusions arrived at to resolve this issue of water
insufficiency is the practice of rainwater harvesting which is the collection and storing of rain. This
practice is still under development in Canada but the use of ... Show more content on
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This has become an accepted practice in many countries as it assists in supplementing water supply
to regions facing water scarcity due to droughts or other economical and environmental factors. In
2010 the National Plumbing Code of Canada permitted the use of rainwater for urinal flushing and
subsurface irrigation. In Ontario, households were permitted to use supplemented water for toilet
flushing and subsurface irrigation. Although this developmental process is limited predominantly to
non–potable usage, specific systems allow water to be filtered and through roof material choice to
toxin release can be prevented, production water for potable use. 2.1 How Does the System
Operate? The rainwater harvesting system consists of four major components including a catchment
area to collect rainfall and a conveyance system to circulate the water from the roof to the storage
area. The third component is the storage system; connected to the storm water drains which are
attached to the roofs, employed to store the collected water and lastly a distribution system through
which water is dispersed to designated fixtures. Rainwater enters the tank, processing through a
filter, removing external matters such as dirt or leaves. The storage tanks can be placed underground
or above ground, varying in size from one hundred to thousands of litres for residential housing,
consisting of a pumping system to distribute rainwater to toilets, gardens and other

The Importance Of Water Resources In Africa
Water is one of the vital resources required by every living organism, yet a large percentage of the
earth's people do not have access to an adequate and constant supply of water. In the developing
world, many rural communities are located in water scarce areas, where there is uneven distribution
of hydrological resources and economic and/or political barriers to pipe and distribute water from
the ground or surface (UN, 2014). People living in developing and under developed countries live
with unsanitary conditions where their everyday survival is the main concern. They are exposed to
drought, famine and death as a result of water–borne diseases come from unclean water sources and
food shortage as a result of inability of land to grow crops. The problem of accessing fresh water
will be more costly and difficult and it has become more wide even in developed countries
(Rosegrant et al., 2002). Climate change and a developing water resource interest for agricultural
and urban development are increasing the pressure on water resources and variability of the
hydrological regime. By the year 2020 between 75 and 250 million people will be exposed to highly
increased water stress in Africa, in some regions of the continent, 50% of yield and agricultural
production will become more severely compromised as a result of food shortage (Ammar et al.,
2016). Natural disaster, climate change and dramatic increase of human population, effect on food
security, human and animal health,

Investigating The Model Of The System On The University Of...
In 2010, a study conducted by David Conway and Samsung Lim found that for 1147.6 mm of
annual rainfall around the University of New South Wales, approximately 79 ML could be collected
from rainfall runoff per annum; this meant 30% of campus water use could be replenished by roof
water collection. However, no measures have since been implemented or thoroughly examined in
terms of feasibility. This report aims to address these issues by define the parameters of the study to
investigate the model of the system which helps to suggest feasible rainwater collection solutions
for the university. Problem Definition This will be treated as a grey box problem as the absence of a
functional system indicates the current primitive state of UNSW ... Show more content on
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By extracting water from the water table, it can result in a cone of depression that may extend
beyond the system boundary; hence the water table is excluded from the analysis. Subsystems The
campus can be divided roughly into three areas: Upper Campus  Botany Street to Central Lecture
Block Middle Campus  Electrical Engineering Building to Red Centre East Wing Lower Campus
 UNSW Business School to Anzac Parade Each area can be divided into three subsystems: Paved
areas (walkways and roads) Buildings (rooftops) Vegetation (lawns, ovals, flora) The manner in
which the subsystems relate to each other is governed by the direction of water flow and surface
properties of the subsystem. Generally, rainfall onto hard surfaces (buildings and paved areas) either
results in runoff into gutters and vegetation or water detention; the opposite is not true, as vegetative
areas are generally much more permeable, meaning more water detention. Figure 2 Subsystem
interaction based on direction of water flow Input The input of this system is the precipitation fallen
within the catchment area defined for the system. Furthermore, rainfall intensity distribution,
sequence and duration of a particular rainstorm event would be treated as part of the system input as
it has a direct impact on the amount of runoff to be generated. However, public gutters and drains
will

Rainwater Harvesting Benefits + Limitations

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Rainwater Harvesting Benefits + Limitations