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Guilt In Mosquito, By John Updike
It is human nature to feel remorse after committing a crime, no matter how minuscule the crime.
Humans do not always enjoy causing harm, but it is unavoidable. It occurs multiple times in life;
nevertheless, one must overcome guilt to achieve greatness. The poem, "Mosquito" by John Updike,
provides insight into the entire journey of committing the crime of killing a mosquito. To begin,
many desire a safe haven to feel protected; however, with the help of mysterious and disastrous
imagery, it is apparent that dangers are always lurking. Furthermore, illogical comparisons impel the
narrator to evaluate each and every danger possible. Correspondingly, the manner in which a battle
is portrayed implicates the aftermath of the murderous event. In ... Show more content on
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First, the concept of safety in a bedroom is eradicated with the assistance of ominous imagery.
Moreover, exaggerated comparisons influence one to fear even the slightest threats. Similarly, the
implementation of cacophony and euphony exhibits the ebb and flow one must endure in a traumatic
event. The poem "Mosquito", by John Updike uses the innocent battle with a mosquito to symbolize
the distraught lifestyle of a soldier in war. Post–traumatic stress disorder is a very common mental
health condition in soldiers that is triggered by a terrifying event or guilt from the acts they have
committed. War may seem to be merely a task; however, some people take their tasks extremely
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The Effects Of Mosquito Bites On The World
When you think of a dangerous animal, what do you see? Maybe a tiger, a lion, or even the
fearsome serrated teeth of a great white shark. Well the animal I have in mind can fly at a whopping
1.5 miles an hour and suck your blood from its tiny mouth. Killing up to one million people per
year, the most dangerous animal in the world is in fact the mosquito. Everyone can recall a negative
memory associated with mosquitoes. Whether you were bitten in an awkward spot or became victim
of a mosquito buffet, we can all agree mosquitoes are a nuisance. It's important that we acknowledge
the fact that, for the most part, we don't have to worry about debilitating illnesses as a result of
mosquito bites. In many developing countries all around the world, what we consider an annoying
itch is often times a death sentence for weak, malnourished people. Spreading disease such as
dengue fever, West Nile virus, yellow fever, and Malaria, mosquitoes are a vessel of disease that
needs to be eradicated. While efforts to vaccinate and treat mosquito–borne illnesses have been
developing in areas such as Africa, due to the poor third world state of most of these countries,
vaccinating and treating everyone is a logistical nightmare. To truly end the suffering of millions of
people worldwide, we must address the root of the problem. To effectively employ the methods to
combat mosquito–borne illnesses, first the countries that are affected need to figure out a way to
treat those in very
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Causes And Consequences Of Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are significant groups of arthropods that inhabit aquatic habitats. They are probably
adverse arthropods, which transmits wide range of pathogens that cause drastic deadly diseases such
as human malaria, dengue, filariasis, viral encephalitis (Leopoldo 2008). Zika virus, another
mosquitoe borne infection was first reported in Brazil by Pan American Health Organization in
2015. After the identification, the Zika virus has spread tremendously all around America. The
illness begins with mild symptoms lasting up to a week after being bitten by vector mosquito.
However, an infection during pregnancy may cause certain neurological anomalies like
microcephaly and several other brain defects (Plourde & Bloch 2016).Thus control of mosquitoes
becomes the need of the hour to prevent wide epidemic infections. However, it is difficult to control
and prevent severe consequences created by mosquito species (Aneesh 2009).
Currently a total of 3549 recognized mosquito species belonging to subfamily Culicinae are reported
all over the world (Harbach 2016). Out of this more than hundred species of mosquitoes are capable
of disease transmission to humans and other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pupae don't require food and be alive for 1–3 days before the adult form. Male adult mosquitoes
primarily feed nectar from plants to get sugar while the female mosquitoes imbibe the blood meal to
generate viable eggs (Leopoldo 2008). Female mosquitoes usually nourish every 3–5days. A.
albopictus females are diurnal feeders; they not only give preference to attack large mammals but
also imbibe blood meals from birds (Savage et al
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Florida Keys Mosquito Control Case Study
The Florida Keys is facing a crisis in the growth of deadly mosquito populations who pose a threat
to its Tourists and residents. The species Aedes aegypti is an invasive species in the Florida Keys
that carries Dengue Fever and Chikungunya and spreads these diseases to humans by biting them
(Oxitec, "United States"). Dengue fever and Chikungunya are potentially fatal, viral ailments that
have no present day treatment apart from treating patient's symptoms (Oxitec, "United States").
According to the Florida Keys Mosquito Control Division (FKMCD), they present efforts for
fighting off these mosquitoes is using insecticides; achieving a 50% eradication rate("Oxitec
OX513A Trial"). Oxitec believes that it has come up with a solution to combat the growth of Aedes
aegypti populations using genetically engineered sterile male Aedes aegypti to sire offspring that
will not survive into adulthood(Oxitec, "United States"). In response to this, many of the Key's
residents are protesting against the releasing of genetically altered mosquitoes as they feel ... Show
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During these meetings, the FKMCD shows the cost effectiveness of Oxitec's method compared to
the present methods used in the Keys, that Oxitec's methods would decrease the use of pesticides in
the Keys and that not trials would be executed on private property ("Oxitec OX513A Trial"). With as
much positive information that the FKMCD presents for Oxitec, they make little provision for
debate. As a result, it could be suggested that the FKMCD are treating this plan as if it were already
passed, leaving the public without a voice. Larry Kahn documents protests against the initiation of
trials for Oxitec's plan for this very reason ("flkeysnews.com). To the public, the FKMCD and
Oxitec seem contented to carry out Oxitec's plan with only superficial concern for the concerns of
the
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Zainabu Case
Zainabu, mother of Ramadhani Shida Mashak, started to notice that her son Ramadhani suddenly
became severely ill. Problem was that because Zainabu inhabits a secluded village in Africa, not
many resources were available to get appropriate help necessary for her son's survival. However,
with the help of a fortunate chance, Zainabu was able to get help from Mama Tatu, who had
practiced medicine in the past. Mama Tatu prescribed antimalarial drugs to Ramadhani, however,
that wasn't enough to subdue the plasmodium parasite that inhabited Ramadhani's 8 months old
body. Eventually, Ramadhani was able to head to a professional doctor who was able to relieve
Ramadhani from the plasmodium infection. Although Ramadhani was lucky enough to survive from
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Vector Control And Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets
The current interventions in place are vector control and insecticide treated mosquito nets. Vector
control involves the reduction of vector habitats through the use of chemical larvicides and
adulticides and of biological control agents. This method is hindered however, by a weak program
capacity, as well as by the absence of well–defined indicators and program targets along with a poor
understanding of efficacy and cost–effectiveness of control measures particularly in terms of
reducing transmission (World Health Organization). Not only this, but pesticides can also be
extremely harmful to the environment and can end up in the water supply due to runoff, leading to a
further potential harm for humans and animals. An important factor in vector control is that all
insecticides run the risk of mosquitos becoming resistant. The Malaria Journal states that, mosquito
nets often go unused due to the heat associated with sleeping under them and perceived mosquito
density. Nets are usually treated with insecticide and mosquitos are beginning to become resistant to
the particular pesticide used. Nets, though efficient if used, must be replaced every three to four
years. There are other interventions in place, such as public awareness campaigns. As I have stated
there are numerous problems associated with the current interventions. They are not enough to curb
the spread of Dengue, thus funding for vaccine research is the most effective possible intervention.
Vaccine research
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The Bite Of An Infected Aedes Species Mosquito
The Zika virus is a flavivirus that is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected
Aedes species mosquito. This virus was first found in 1947 in a Ugandan rainforest and roughly ten
years later the first human was infected with the virus. Since this initial outbreak, the virus has
circulated through Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands. This virus was contained to these areas until
it came into the western hemisphere in 2015. In 2015 cases of the Zika virus were found in Brazil
and by May of that year the Brazilian Health Organization ordered a state of emergency because an
estimated 1.5 million people were infected with the virus. Since May, this virus has further spread
from Brazil into the Caribbean, Central and South America. Symptoms of this illness are mild but
include fever, rash, conjunctivitis and joint pain. Because this is a mild virus many people do not
show symptoms and do not realize that they have been infected. For the people who do show
symptom's they do not occur until one or two weeks after being bitten by the infected mosquito and
symptoms only last a week. Right now there are no treatment options available for the virus, it is
just suggested that infected people get plenty of rest and remain hydrated. The biggest concern about
this virus is its effect on pregnant women and its relationship with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS).
When contracted by a pregnant woman, the Zika virus not only effects the mother but can be
detrimental for
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The Best Bug Repellant Analysis
The Best Bug Repellant
Americans get a lot of bug bites during the summer. Many have been wondering how to go the
whole summer without getting bitten. This report will explore good ways to repel insects. Is natural
bug repellant better than bug spray? Is DEET really a terrible option for bug repellant?
In her article The Best Bug Repellent Leigh Krietsch Boerner states that spent countless hours
pouring over mountains of research about different bug sprays and repellents and their safety and
effectiveness. Cutter Backwoods Dry has twenty–five percent DEET and is the easiest to apply and
more comfortable on skin. It also has the most reliable spray. It is apparent that people put a lot of
effort into what they want to protect their skin, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When you look at either side, you see that Deet is very effective and comfortable to wear, but
natural repellants can be more effective and better for the environment. It all comes down to which
side that you take. I hope this report helped you choose the best bug repellant! Works Cited
Boerner, Leigh Krietsh (March, 2017) The Best Bug Repellent . The Sweet Home. Retrieve from:
http://thesweethome.com/reviews/best–bug–repellent/
Roncca, Deborah ( No date) How Deet Works . Retrieve from: http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/
Dr. Mercola(May 25, 2015) This Natural Bug Repellant Works Better Than Deet . Retrieve from:
http://articles.mercola.com/
Garvey, Kathy Keatly(February 16, 2017) Deet works against Zika infected mosquitos, but high
doses are best . Retrieve from: https://www.ucdavis.edu/
( No author) ( January 29, 2015) Is Deet safe? Pros and cons of Deet mosquito repellant. Retrieve
from: bugofff.com/is–deet–safe–the–pros–and–cons–of–deet–mosquito–repellent/
Oaklander, Mandy ( May 12, 2015) This Natural Bug repellant works better than Deet! Retrieve
from:
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Rachel Carson Research Paper
According to Elizabeth Willott, wetland and mosquitos have generally gone hand in hand. One
reason that many wetland have been drained is to get rid of mosquitos. In the process, valuable
ecosystems were destroyed. Now many people want to restore wetlands. It may be possible to
restore some wetlands while controlling mosquitoes, but it would require planning and frequented
intervention on the part of human. Should people have to be concerns to what is going too happened
to the mosquitos and wetland, or the have to be thinking about how to protect the ecosystems? On a
higher understanding should we give priority to people's lives or priority to the ecosystem and
wetland? I will try to show that the restauration of wetland, it would not be ... Show more content on
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Integrating mosquitoes to the ecosystem, can bring a huge repercussions to humanity. So the best
way to protect humans is killing the mosquitoes before the can transfer any type of diseases, the best
way of doing it, is using the DDT. It is affective, as nontoxic to humans and inexpensive to produce.
In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring was published. It cataloged the environmental impacts
of widespread DDT spraying in the United States and questioned the logic of releasing large
amounts of potentially dangerous chemicals into the environment without understanding their
effects on the environment or human health. The book claimed that DDT and other pesticides had
been shown to cause cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds.
According to Rachel Carson's it seems that it only matter when it is a threat for the United States,
because diseases carried by mosquitoes does not affect directly to the United States citizens. But it
affects the rest of the countries, especially Latin America and Africa. Under U.S law, pesticide are
not permitted to be used in the Unites States can still manufactured and export in the U.S for use
elsewhere. That's a clear example of environment racism, why it is not permitted to be used in the
U.S and it is permitted to export to others countries? I have always asked that way every single
disease on earth start in Africa, it because of this environmental privilege that some countries have
from another. The United States knows the environmental and humanitarians effects of his products
to the Latin America and Africa society but they do not care, they keep sending "poison" to other
countries and those countries in order to protect their citizens they keep buying those products
because they do not know the secondary effects of the
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Aedes Mosquitos : Dangerous Invasive Species And Disease...
Aedes mosquitos are dangerous invasive species and disease vectors who originally came from
Asian tropical territories. Due to the global change of the climate, it became possible for Aedes
mosquitos to habitat in many suitable for them territories (1). Aedes albopictus is one of the 2,
which had adjusted to most of the places in the world with warm enough climate to survive. The
major reason that this species has massively invaded worldwide, is due to their plasticity (2).
Another threatening species is Aedes aegypti, which has certain homology, but in contrast, could
only exist in warmer zones with a tropical climate and high humidity. It results in less massive
population range comparing to the Asian Tigers (3). Aedes aegypti occupies warm pleases like
Africa, many islands, southern parts of the Europe, and U.S., and with the greatest population
outgrows is in Southern America and Caribbean aria (4). The main cause of Aedes emigration was
the international trade of the objects, such as tires, into many parts of the world (2). The current
anthropological influence, which supports high population size of Aedes aegypti, is increased water
collection during rain seasons, and storage in urban places, in countries with the tropical climate (5).
The main problem caused by the Aedes albopictus and Aedes eagypti is the threat to the human
health by transmitting vector–borne disease, and their population outgrowth that causes epidemics
(3). The purpose of this paper is to focus
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Have Mosquitoes Always Been A Problem In Everyday Life?
Argumentative essay Have Mosquitoes always been a problem in your daily life? Well if they have
then you should listen right now. Mosquitoes are one of the most annoying things on Earth and
billions of other people agree with me too. There are three reasons people hate mosquitoes so much.
Number 1 is that they can affect lots of people's sleep, and other things during the day. It can even
affect mine too. The second reason is that mosquitoes can carry really deadly diseases and can kill
lots of people. The final reason is that if you are still in school it can be hard to focus especially if
mosquitoes love you. In my opinion I would love it if people would just get rid of mosquitoes,
because apparently they are not that important in the food chain according to national geographic. ...
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Some evidence that I have found in articles and in video comments is that the constant buzzing
drives people crazy and they might not even get 5 hours of sleep. Also if they can only get below 5
hours of sleep then that is really not healthy. Some other evidence that I have found in an article
called "Keep Mosquitoes away during your next BBQ" is that it talked all about how people hate
when mosquitoes raid BBQs. They will bite people and fly around the grill and I don't think people
will want to eat a burger while a mosquito was flying around it. The last piece of evidence that I
have for this reason is that it can be really uncomfortable. In my life experience is that over the
summer when I went to summer camp I got 40 mosquitoes bites. And it took forever for them to go
away, and all i wanted to do was just scratch and
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Mosquito Repellent Industry
MOSQUITO REPELLENT INDUSTRY– OVERVIEW
Its sole reason for existence in the market is the omnipresent mosquito, which makes life
excruciatingly difficult for the average Indian during summer and monsoon months. In many ways
the primary factor fuelling the explosive growth of this market – characterized by low brand loyalty
and low product involvement –has been the availability of cost–effective, mosquito repellents.
The night–long noisy drone of mosquitoes that disturbs our sleep is music to the ears of the Rs1,
100–crore mosquito repellent industry.
The various segments in this industry are coils, mats, vaporizers, aerosols and creams. The two new
segments are personal sprays and gels.
The category–wise market shares:
Coils command ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the initial success of All Out was largely due to technological innovation and first–mover
advantages, it was widely believed that what had kept the brand going was strong marketing. KAPL
decided to handle the advertising for All Out on its own, surprising many industry watchers and
drawing criticism from some ad agencies. However, the company surprised everybody with the
launch of a campaign featuring an animated, jumping frog (actually an All Out vaporizer) eating
mosquitoes, which proved to be immensely successful. In 1998, KAPL came out with a Rs 99 pack
consisting of the Pluggy and a refill. The deal, called the 'deadly offer' was backed by heavy
advertising. . After KAPL's 'deadly exchange scheme,' GoodKnight's share decreased by 9.3% in
volume terms between September 1999 and February 2000.
KAPL's distribution network consisted of around 120 distributors across the country. Of the 900,000
outlets across the country, that sold repellants, KAPL was available in only 18%. As this was
significantly lower than the 55% figure for R&C and 54% for GSSL, KAPL is working towards
increasing its presence.
GODREJ SARA LEE LTD
GOOD KNIGHT
Godrej Sara Lee Ltd. is a 450 crore turnover company with brands like Good Knight, Jet and Hit. It
is the market leader in the mats segment with a share of 68% in May 2000. Good Knight has
become the most preferred mosquito repellent solution in the
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West Nile Virus Is A Mosquito Borne Virus
West Nile virus is a mosquito–borne virus. The agent of West Nile is described as being a
"mosquito–borne enveloped positive–strand RNA virus that emerged in 1999 in North America,
specifically in New York City" (Public/Publisher Medline, 2015). Since its spread to North America
it has continued to spread throughout the United States and even places such as Canada, Mexico and
the Caribbean. However, its first emergence was in 1937 in Uganda (Medline Plus, 2014).
According to Pub Med, there are now more than 41,000 clinical cases of West Nile virus which also
includes 1700 fatalities. Moreover there is an estimation of "3 million people in the United States
that have been infected since last year" (Pub Med, 2015). West Nile virus is spread when "a
mosquito bites an infected bird and also bites a person after being infected" (Medline Plus, 2014).
This transmission can be found in Figure 1 of page 6. However, there are no symptoms in most
people that are infected with West Nile virus. According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, most people, "around 70%–80% do not develop any symptoms at all" (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Despite those statistics, that is not always the case. Some
infected people experience febrile illness. For example, "about 1 in 5 people with West Nile virus
will contract a fever and feel symptoms such as headaches, body aches, joint pains, vomiting,
diarrhea, or rash, etc." (CDC, 2015). Despite those symptoms,
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Speech On The Mosquito
All these numbers are small in comparison with the deadliest creature in the world. According to
World Health Organization, this creature is responsible for killing more than 1 million people every
year. It is estimated that this creature kills one child every 30 seconds. The deadly bite of this
creature can cause a myriad of diseases. It can cause encephalitis, filariasis, yellow fever, West Nile
Virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, malaria, and dengue fever. By now, you should know which
deadly creature I'm talking about. That's right, it's the mosquito.
Now, at one look, you won't see mosquito as scary, right? In fact, if you see a mosquito, you don't
run away but instead, you will chase it down until you kill it. As a Christian, ask yourself, what are
the little things that matter in your life? You may easily spot the crocodiles, sharks, hippopotamuses,
and snakes in your life. But are you also recognizing the mosquitoes? ... Show more content on
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and they, therefore, avoid them like the plague. But for little sins, they do not worry much about.
They indulge in them feeling it doesn't matter. Some categorized these things as little sins which
don't have the same consequences as the big sins. But the truth of the matter is that in God's sight,
there is no such thing as little sins or big sins, sin is sin whether big or small and they carry the same
consequence and punishment. The Bible makes it abundantly clear in Romans 6:23, "For the wages
of sin is death. . ." In most cases, it is the smallest things that pose the greatest risk in our lives. In
the same manner, it is the little sins in our Christian life that can lead us to spiritual death. These
little sins are more dangerous than the sins we consider as big sins. As Christians, if we allow those
sins we term as little in our lives, they can hinder us from getting to heaven. Most of these little sins
come in
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Zika Virus: A Case Study
With a warm climate, multiple water sources and high humidity, South Florida is a mosquito–
breeding ground. While South Florida's residents spray to prevent annoying mosquito bites, there is
another reason to control the mosquito population. Starting in 2015, the Zika virus began spreading
across the world. Originally found in Uganda, it spread to Brazil in 2015 and caused hundreds of
cases of microcephaly. Spread by mosquitoes, Zika has now moved to the United States.
The Center for Disease Control announced in March that over 300 cases of Zika have been
confirmed in the United States. In Brazil, thousands of cases of Zika have led to widespread birth
defects. Due to the terrifyingly rapid spread of the virus, the World Health Organization has labeled
Zika as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Latin America, it has already been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome. Known for causing
paralysis and high fatalities, this syndrome may develop after someone has been infected with Zika.
Other than the risks of Guillain–Barré syndrome, Zika is also a cause of microcephaly. This
condition causes small, pointed heads and deformities in fetuses if the mother is infected with Zika.
In Brazil, a rise of microcephaly cases led to a national health emergency. Due to the climate of
South Florida, it is likely that Zika and microcephaly will increase in the coming year.
Stopping Transmission
There is currently no cure or vaccine for Zika virus. The only way to prevent the outbreak is to
prevent the mosquito bites that spread the disease. For residents in South Florida, removing water
sources and standing water prevents the breeding grounds that allow mosquitoes to reproduce. In
addition, spraying for mosquitoes and using a mosquito larvicide can kill the mosquitoes that
already exist in the area.
Prevention Techniques
According to the Center for Disease Control, the best ways to prevent mosquito bites and the Zika
virus
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The Zika Outbreak: A Case Study
The threat of mosquito–borne illnesses to the American public has, until now, been little to none.
With the recent Zika outbreak making headlines, many Americans are now careful to go the extra
mile to ensure protection from potentially infected mosquitos. In response to the growing desire of
Americans to protect themselves from mosquitos, companies have been profiting on this increased
demand by producing new, desirable products that easily incorporate mosquito protection into
everyday life. The sudden publicity of the Zika outbreak has allowed firms to capitalize on increased
demand for bug repellent products.
The prominence of mosquito–borne Zika coverage in the news has led to an increase in demand for
mosquito repellent while leaving supply ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
61). Regarding the Zika virus outbreak and demand for bug repellents, several of these factors apply.
Consumer preferences come into play as more people learn about the detrimental effects of the Zika
virus and strive to protect themselves from infection. Because Zika is a mosquito–borne virus, a
person needs bug repellents to be safe from bites. The publicity of the outbreak generates awareness,
and consumers rush to get protection. Customers with higher income levels are willing to pay more
for the new products, like Invisaband, leading to massive profits. Created in 2014, Invisiband saw a
400% increase in sales once the Zika virus began to spread (Entis, 2016). In addition to their bug
repelling wristbands, Invisiband makes portable mosquito nets, primarily for Americans traveling
abroad. They hope to also make a more permanent net for certain demographics; those in affected
southern areas like Florida and Texas (Entis, 2016). Another company, BugsAway, also saw a
dramatic increase in sales. BugsAway manufacture clothing "which are treated with Permethrin to
protect against bug bites," (Entis, 2016). Overall, the bug repellent industry is in prime condition to
raise prices with this recent high
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Zka Virus Essay
Before a cure is created for the Zika Virus, it is imperative to realize that the methods used by vector
control officials affect the transmissibility of the virus. By utilizing the SEIR model to simulate the
spread of Zika over a given amount of days, vector officials can understand their effect on
decreasing the mosquito number. Since, in many cases, speed is a necessity to make a decision
regarding the treatment of a virus, the java simulation program can provide vital insight into an ideal
course of action. The simulation is highly flexible in that its user can adjust parameters as needed.
Although it is highly unlikely that cities would choose to reduce the mosquito to human ratio from
5:1 to 2:1 as that could translate into sweeping out millions of mosquitoes, it is important ... Show
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First, since scientists are discovering that insecticides are becoming less efficient in removing vast
amount of mosquitoes, new methods such as introducing genetically modified mosquitoes are being
implemented (13). Under the controversial RIDL program (Releasing of insects carrying dominant
lethal genes) genetically modified mosquito vectors are released into the environment without the
ability to replicate arboviruses (i.e. zika) (13). Research can be conducted to integrate this new
GMO technology into the mathematical model to find its effect on the transmissibility and the R0
value. Additional research can be conducted to find the effects of a vaccine being discovered and
mapping the optimal percentage of vaccinations required in a population for the Zika Virus to be
non lethal. Although this is purely hypothetical, scientists are actively working to find cures and can
soon become quite relevant. Finally, one can research an agent based Zika model in which the
movement of humans and vectors is stochastic (random) which can, in turn, add to the precision and
reliability of a model
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West Nile Fever
West Nile fever is a virus that is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. Humans become infected
through the bite of a mosquito, however one can also contract the virus through an organ transplant,
as well as blood (West Nile Fever, n.d.). There is an incubation period of three to fourteen days.
Individuals who become infected with the West Nile virus do not usually present with any
symptoms, but can have flu–like symptoms, or more severe cases will have signs of encephalitis,
meningoencephalitis or meningitis. There are no current vaccines available and is now a major
public health concern in Europe. The West Nile virus (WNV) made its appearance in the United
Stated in 1999, New York City, and is now in 44 states, as well as District of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These surveillance programs should incorporate strategies which assure that the data is comparable
over time and space, as well as being designed to pick up trends in WNV transmission levels (West
Nile Virus, 2013). WNV surveillance programs should also be equipped with quantitative indicators
like infection rate or vector index to represent the transmission activity in mosquito populations. In
order to provide sufficient information to link surveillance indicators with the degree of human risk,
these programs must be sustainable over a long period of time. The collection of mosquitos must
also be implemented weekly throughout the transmission season and done at fixed collection areas.
Through continuous monitoring can these programs present information that will be useful in
creating thresholds to support decisions pertaining to vector control efforts and interventions (West
Nile Virus, 2013). Surveillance methods, like sentinel chickens and dead bird surveillance could be
conducive to mosquito–based surveillance in quantifying epizootic activity in some
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West Niles Virus Research Paper
West Niles Virus is a virus that is transmitted from mosquito to aves and mammals via infected
mosquito bites and is prevalent within most of the Continental United States. It is reported that, "40
states have recorded cases of West Nile Virus" (Jolly par. 4). The complications with mosquito bites
is problematic because of the spread of disease is due to the infected mosquitos and there is a need
to implement a control systems to decreased swarms of mosquitos, in particular within Maricopa
County. This cause is important because I have recently been diagnosed as having West Niles Virus.
There is no current vaccination for humans against the West Niles Virus, the only way to reduce
chances of contracting the virus would be through prevention
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The Positive And Negative Effects Of Mosquitoes
According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, "every year more than 1.5 million people around
the globe lose their lives due to mosquito–borne diseases" (2012). A mosquito is an insect which
lives around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both
positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and
dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other
hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization
(2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are
responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused
by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people's attention because they have
many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus disease. A disease
that kills a child patient every two minutes and gets patient to infect again is malaria. As World
Health Organization explains, "Malaria is a life–threatening disease caused by parasites that are
transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes" (2016). Malaria is
transmitted in tropical and subtropical countries. The countries that mostly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explains that "Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an
infected Aedes species mosquito. These are the same mosquitoes that spread dengue and
chikungunya viruses" (2016). The first human cases of Zika were detected in 1952. Tropical Africa,
Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands have been reported on Zika virus. World Health Organization
(2016) reports that "Since 2015, 67 countries and territories reported evidence of vector–borne Zika
virus
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Effects Of Zika Virus Spreads Through Bites From...
The primary means by which the Zika virus spreads is through bites from infected mosquitoes of
which the Aedes mosquito is known to be the primary carrier (Center for Disease Control, 2016).
These mosquitos are active at night but are most prominent during the daytime. This is not,
however, the only means of transmission. An infected person may pass the virus on from mother to
child, during sexual contact, or during a blood transfusion. The transmission from mother to child is
of serious concern since the virus has been linked to microcephaly, a birth defect showcased by a
smaller head when compared to other babies (CDC, 2016). This is a sign that the brain has stopped
growing. Once a person is infected they will may experience a combination of fever, headache, rash,
joint pain, and conjunctivitis. The symptoms will usually remain for a period of two to seven days.
Fortunately, the number of fatalities caused by the virus has remained limited so far. Of those
persons who survive after becoming infected with the virus it is believed that they will have a type
of immunity that will prevent another infection from occurring (World Health Organization, 2016).
Although this disease has just recently come into the headlines worldwide, because of its prevalence
in Brazil with the upcoming Olympics, it was actually first discovered in the Zika Forest of Uganda
in 1947 in monkeys. The first human case was not reported until 1952 (WHO, 2016). As a part of its
more recent history, the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
How a Mosquito Bite Can Cost the US Millions of Dollars
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the country spends millions of
dollars each year in the treatment of West Nile virus disease, a condition transmitted to humans by a
mosquito bite. In fact, hospitalizations and follow–ups related to the disease cost nearly $800M in
healthcare expenses as well as lost productivity since 1999. This means that the United States
spends about $56M annually for direct and indirect costs brought about by the mosquito–borne West
Nile virus. These findings were based on research published online by the American Society of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
The Cost of West Nile Virus Disease
Recent research shows that being bitten by a mosquito that transmits the West Nile virus (WNV) can
cost the government millions of dollars in terms of hospitalization, medications, follow–up visits,
and lost work. After examining more than 37,000 WNV infections reported to the CDC (1999–
2012), investigators found more than 18,000 patients were hospitalized and more than 1,500 people
died from the disease. More than 16,000 individuals developed complications, such as neurologic
sequelae, of which elderly patients were at high risk for severe complications. However, CDC
reports that the number of patients affected by the disease may be more than the actual cases
reported since 1999. Furthermore, the researchers believe that the costs calculated may have been
underestimated since most of these were based on initial costs incurred
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
West Nile Virus: A Monologue Analysis
Summer may be over, but the mosquitos are still buzzing around. Environment Canada warned
earlier this year that high levels of rainfall last spring provided perfect breeding grounds for the
pesky bugs and summer was not much better for rainy days so it's no wonder mosquitoes are still
here.
Beyond being annoying and leaving us with incessantly itchy bite marks, mosquitos come with
more serious risks. Infected mosquitos carrying the West Nile virus can pass ... Human cases of
West Nile virus have been recorded since 2002. Last year alone, there were 104 cases, up from 80
cases in 2015 and 21 cases in 2014. Symptoms of West Nile virus can include fever, headaches,
body aches, mild rash or swollen lymph glands but serious cases can lead to loss ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have the Dynatrap in my backyard and have yet to be bitten by a mosquito. The trap, which is
chemical and pesticide–free, emits UV light, warmth and carbon dioxide that lure mosquitoes and
other predatory insects. I have to admit that I get a guilty pleasure from opening the trap and seeing
the mosquitos and wasps that otherwise take over my backyard.
Portable Repellent Devices
I'm aware that mosquitos exist outside my backyard. That's why I also have a portable mosquito
repellent device that I can take with me when we're picnicking, or hanging out at the park. I also
bring it to my bootcamp class which just so happens to take place at dusk, when mosquitos are
increasingly active. The Thermacell Mosquito Repellent repels mosquitos and other predatory
insects within a 15 x 15–foot zone. It emits almost no odour, is small enough to fit in my pocket and
works with the use of a single butane cartridge.
Wearable Repellent Devices
Most wearable repellent devices, including wristbands, bracelets or necklaces, do very little to ward
off the pesky bugs. The only on that seems to have an effect, according to a study published in the
February 2017 issue of Journal of Insect Science, is the Off! Clip–on Metofluthrin nebulizer, which
has proven to reduce bites by
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
'The Boy Who Harnessed The Wind'
The people in Malawi face an abundance of health problems every day because of their lack of
knowledge about how to prevent diseases and access to treatment. In The Boy Who Harnessed the
Wind, William's mother is infected with malaria and almost dies. Malaria is the third leading cause
of death in Malawi after HIV/AIDS and lower respiratory infections. However, health organizations
and the Malawian government have helped control the spread of Malaria.
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain
type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high
fevers, shaking chills, and flu–like illness.. In 2015 an estimated 212 million cases of malaria
occurred worldwide and 429,000 people died, mostly children in the African Region. Although
malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented. In Malawi,
malaria is very common because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, an increase in the use of insecticide–treated bed nets has reduced malaria.
Approximately 60% of children under age five and 55% of pregnant women now sleep under
mosquito nets, up from only 9 per cent in 2001. Nearly 3 million nets were retreated with insecticide
in 2005. In addition, treatments for malaria are becoming more accessible. The Malawi Ministry of
Health's National Malaria Control Program has been able to scale up the distribution of artemisinin–
based combination therapies and intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women. Because of
all the prevention efforts and treatments, the incidence of Malaria has decreased over time. For
example, Malaria incidence in 2015 was 386 per 1000 population representing a 20% reduction
from 484 per 1000 in 2010. Also, the number of deaths due to Malaria has lessened from 5.6% to
3.4% in 2004 and 2009. Eventually, malaria will no longer one of the biggest killers in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
How To Prevent Zika Disease
Preventing an outbreak of Zika in Mississippi Throughout the Caribbean, Central, and South
America there has been health crisis that's has been affecting the youngest generation of these
developing countries. Thousands of babies have been born with a birth defect known as
microencephaly. This birth defect can cause horrible problems such as seizures, mental retardation,
developmental delays, short stature and difficulties with coordination and balance. (Centers for
Disease Control 2017) This birth defect often leads to having to provide life–term medical care and
it was determined to be caused by the mother acquiring a mosquito–borne infection with the Zika
virus. So, what is this Zika virus and how can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What are the prevention techniques our state is investing in? What can we do to try and prevent
ourselves and our families from getting Zika? The CDC is currently tracking the spread of the Zika
virus throughout the world and teaching local healthcare providers how to detect case of the Zika
virus. They are also providing support for local hospital laboratories to provide testing if the hospital
cannot provide it and preforming confirmatory testing for those labs that do provide that type of
testing. The CDC is also doing research on the link between Zika virus and the birth defects that it
causes. They also educate people about the Zika virus and issue travel warnings on the place that
have outbreaks. CDC is also recommending that all men that travel to countries with travel warnings
to practice safe–sex for a while after returning from those trips because it is suspected that Zika can
be passed through semen. President Obama signed a release of emergency funds that has provided
$1.8 billion dollars to help accelerate research into a vaccine for Zika. (USA Today 2016) Another
method that is being tried in countries like Brazil is the release of genetically modified male
mosquitoes. These male mosquitoes have genetically modified genes that will cause their offspring
to die quickly so that they will never reach maturity and since male mosquitoes do not bite they
cannot spread disease. The biotech company Oxitec which is behind this concept, has stated that it
can reduce populations by 80%. (Stein 2016) This has been deemed a safe method of mosquito
reduction by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (Stein 2016) This method is controversial but
it does reduce the overall amount of pesticide that is used to control the mosquitoes. Another method
that is being used is the use of biological warfare against
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Positive And Negative Effects Of Mosquito
According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, "every year more than 1.5 million people around
the globe lose their lives due to mosquito–borne diseases" (2012). A mosquito is an insect which
lives around the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both
positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and
dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other
hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization
(2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are
responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused
by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people's attention because they have
many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus disease. A disease that
kills a child patient every two minutes and gets patient to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to World Health Organization, "Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly
of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus" (2016). People who live in or
travel to Africa, South and Central America, and Southeast Asia have a risk of infection the disease.
Other high–risk people are children, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune
systems. World Health Organization (2009) explains that "more than 70% of the population at risk
for dengue worldwide live in member states of the WHO South–East Asia Region and Western
Pacific Region, which bear nearly 75% of the current global disease burden due to dengue" (p. 4).
World Health Organization (2009) shows that a total of 4,332,731 cases of dengue was notified in
more than 30 countries of the Americas from 2001 to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Dengue Epidemic : Dengue Virus
Introduction
Dengue is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito named as Aedis aegypti. It has four serotypes.
Hence, It can also be transmitted by a bite of an infected with one of the four dengue virus
serotypes. Dengue is not transmitted directly from person–to–person. on this earth , approximately
more than one–third of the world's population are at risk for infection by dengue virus. Dengue virus
is a very important cause of sickness and mortality in the areas located on tropics and subtropics.
Approximately 400 million people are infected yearly. (CDC) There are not yet any vaccines
available to prevent infection with dengue virus. The most efficient measures are those that avoid
mosquito bites, vector control and precautions. After ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It needs water holding containers and places for their development and blood meals from humans.
The mosquito lays her eggs on the sides of containers, which are filled with water, and these eggs
hatch into larvae after a rain or flooding. To note, the eggs when submerged in water can survive for
months. Later on, a larva changes into a pupa in about a week and into a mosquito in two days.
In Asia and America, it breeds mainly in man–made containers and in Africa, it breeds in places as
tree holes and leaf axils and also in artificial containers. Artificial containers are those which are
kept to collect rainwater or that are filled with water by human population.
The mosquito Aedes aegypti comes in three polytypic forms: The domestic form breeds in urban
habitat, often around or inside houses. The sylvan form is a more rural form, and breeds in tree
holes, generally in forests. The peridomestic form thrives in environmentally modified areas such as
coconut groves and farms.
Temperatures have a significant affect on the replication of viruses. Higher temperatures can reduce
the time required for the virus to replicate and disseminate in the mosquito. If the mosquito becomes
infectious faster as it does in the regions and areas where temperatures are warmer, it has a much
likely chance of biting and infection a human before it perishes.
Aedis albopictus is an another form of vector for dengue in Asia and pacific. This vector was also
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Malaria is Passed to Humans through a Parasitic Mosquito
Located in the Kingdom Protozoan Malaria is a parasitic mosquito born organism passed to humans
by several species of the genus Anopheles and is responsible for about 220 million infections every
year and 600,000– 1,200,000 deaths every year. The developing world is disproportionately affected
which had led to some unique changes when dealing with infections such as drugs needing to be
cheap, administered orally and stable at relatively high temperatures. However in keeping with the
old saying prevention is better than cure many methods have been proposed and tested to control the
mosquito vector that transmits malaria as supposed to treating the infect after it occurs.
The life cycle of the malarial practice consists of a motile non sexually reproductive form termed a
sporozoite making its way into the hosts blood stream via being bitten by a mosquito seeking a
blood meal. From here it travels into the liver cells where it reproduces asexually to produce
merozoites which infect red blood cells and metabolise haemoglobin. At this stage the parasites
reproduces asexually to produce more merozoites which infect more red blood cells. At this stage
some of the merozites develop into gametocytes which are immature gametes. When a mosquito
bites the infected individual the gametocytes are taken up with the blood meal. In the mosquitos gut
the gametocytes develop into mature gametes where they form a zygote –which is motile– that
migrates to the salivary glands of the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Is The Mosquito Innocent Or Guilty
Is the mosquito innocent or guilty? The mosquito is innocent for three reasons. One of those reasons
is he told a lie to the iguana and he stormed off. Also it was the monkey who killed the owlet. The
last reason is the rabbit broke a law of the jungle by running threw the jungle in mid day. The book
tells us all of this. This is why the mosquito is innocent. In the book it states that the mosquito told a
lie to the iguana, and it caused him to put sticks in his ears and storm off. The iguana should have
just ignored him instead. If the iguana would not have done this the owlet would not have been
killed. Also if the iguana would not have put the sticks in his ears he would not have scared the
snake. The iguana is the one who is guilty. He
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Media Analysis: The Zika Virus
The "new" horrible virus Zika
We get surrounded every day of big headlines from the media telling us how zika virus is affecting
lives to the worst and how it could threattend the olympic games. But what is really the virus Zika?
How does it affect you? And how can you protect yourself from it?
Zika virus can be transmitted in different ways.
One of the ways is a transmission from mother to child. If the mother is infected with the virus when
she is close to giving birth, there is a chance that the newborn can get infected with the virus.
Another way the Zika virus is transmitted is through a mosquito bite. When the mosquito (Aedes)
becomes infected with Zika it will infect the people it bites. This will lead to more mosquitos getting
infected,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
What Are The Positive And Negative Effects Of Mosquito
According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, "every year more than 1.5 million people around
the globe lose their lives due to mosquito–borne diseases" (2012). A mosquito is an insect which
lives around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both
positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and
dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other
hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization
(2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are
responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused
by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people's attention because they have
many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus disease. A disease
that kills a child patient every two minutes and gets patient to infect again is malaria. As World
Health Organization explains, "Malaria is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First is wearing protective clothing. People should wear clothes which cover all the body to protect
themselves from mosquitoes. Second, People should reschedule outdoor activities. Avoid being
outdoors at dawn and dusk because mosquitoes are out. The last one is reducing a mosquito habitat.
For instant, people should eliminate drains, tyres or other containers which may contain water. The
disease does not have any medicines to treat. When people have dengue fever, they should see a
doctor. The doctor may recommend treatment. For example, they should drink plenty of water, they
should also rest, and avoiding some types of pain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofen because
they can increase bleeding complications. If people have severe dengue fever or dengue
hemorrhagic fever, they have to admit to the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
What Is Diploid Ookinete?
The gametocytes of P. falciparum are taken up by using the female Anopheles mosquito because it
takes its blood meal from an infected human. Upon being taken up with the aid of the mosquito,
they leave the erythrocyte shell and differentiate into gametes. The female gamete maturation
manner entails mild morphological modifications, as it becomes enlarged and round (Chessbrough,
2000). Then again, the male gamete maturation involves sizeable morphological development. The
male gamete's DNA divides 3 times to form 8 nuclei and concurrently, eight flagella are formed.
every flagella pairs with a nucleus to shape a microgamete, which then separates from the parasite
cell in a system referred to as exflagellation (Gilles et. al., 1993). Gametogenesis ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fertilization occasion produces a zygote which sooner or later develops into an ookinete (Gilles
et. al., 1993).The zygote and ookinete are the best diploid tiers of P. falciparum. The diploid
ookinete is an invasive form of P. falciparum within the mosquito. It traverses the peritrophic
membrane of the mosquito midgut and crosses the midgut epithelium (Gilles et. al., 1993). Once
through the epithelium, the ookinete enters the basil lamina, and bureaucracy an oocyst. At some
stage in the ookinete stage, genetic recombination can occur. This takes vicinity if the ookinete
become formed from male and female gametes derived from special populations. This could occur if
the human host contained multiple populations of the parasite, or if the mosquito consumed multiple
inflamed people within a quick time–frame (Bruce Chwatt, 1985). Over the length of one–three
weeks, the oocyst grows to a length of tens to masses of micrometres. at some point of this time,
more than one nuclear divisions arise. After maturation, it divides to form multiple haploid
sporozoites in a method called sporogony. Immature sporozoites damage through the oocyst wall
into the haemolymph, then migrate to the salivary glands and whole their differentiation. Once
mature, the sporozoites can continue to infect a human host throughout a subsequent mosquito
chunk (Gilles et. al.,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Common Infectious Disease : Zika Virus And The...
Zika Virus There are many infectious and/or communicable diseases that circulate the world and
infect many people and communities. Emerging infectious diseases are those that in which the
incidences have increased in the past several decades or have the potential to increase in the near
future (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2016, p. 293). The newest emerging infectious disease that has
begun to spread worldwide is transmitted through a simple mosquito bite and is known as the Zika
virus. The purpose of this paper is to summarize a current article on the Zika virus describing its
causal agents, the epidemiology, and how it has impacted the nursing practice.
Article Summary The Article "Zika Virus in the Americas – Yet another Arbovirus Threat" authors
Fauci and Morens describe the Zika virus as an explosive pandemic occurring throughout South
America, Central America, and the Caribbean and potentially threatening the United States. This
virus infection is the most recent of four unexpected arrivals of important arthropod–borne viral
disease in the Western Hemisphere over the past 20 years. Arbovirus is a descriptive term applied to
hundreds of predominately RNA viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, notably mosquitos and
ticks (Fauci & Morens, 2016, p. 601). These arthropods typically infect vertebrates like birds but
have recently been found to infect humans as well. The Zika virus was accidentally found in Uganda
in 1947, when surveilling mosquitos and primates
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Examples Of Menace Analysis Worksheet
TARGET AUDIENCE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Analyst Name: PV2 Rhodes
Date: 2016JULY15
Classification: Unclassified
PO: Increase public participation in preventative health measures and other activities designed to
lower the spread or occurrence of disease.
SPO: TA receives mosquito bite preventative equipment
TA: Fathers of children who are six months to ten years old, who are Qabilis or tribesmen, living
West of Sana'a and Aden to the Red Sea
1) Effectiveness
Desired Behavior: TA will receive malaria preventative equipment (mosquito nets and insect
repellents, and insecticides) from coalition sources and NGOs
Power, control, or authority: In a patriarchal society such as the one found in Yemen a male is head
of the household and is the primary breadwinner. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These mediums are the most used due to widespread illiteracy. The Hadi government and Houthi
Rebels both control television and radio stations. However, privately owned television and radio
stations have multiplied recently with radio experiencing the strongest growth giving the people of
Yemen additional, less biased sources of information. The Republic of Yemen Television channel is
one example of the split media. Pro–Houthi and pro–Hadi versions of the channel are on the air. The
Houthis influence Al–Masirah which operates from Beirut. Yemen also has access to Suhayl TV
which is a pro–Islamist channel. Another source of TV comes from Egypt; it is Al–Sa'idah which is
a private, entertainment–based
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Analysis Of The Zeka Virus
I recently watched a video that was very effective and was released on the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention website about the zeka virus specifically for audience analysis to answer any
questions or concerns the public might want to know. The zeka virus is spread through the bite of
the Aedes species of mosquito mostly found in Brazil but is slowly spreading towards the United
States in a chronological pattern. The problem–solution pattern for the problem is that one in five
people become ill from the virus and get symptoms like the flu (fever, rash, joint pain, and red eyes)
for a week then get better, but the virus stays in the body. The main people this virus effects are
pregnant women because the virus causes a birth defect called
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
West Nile Abuse In Delaware
Delaware is a good place to live. Delaware has a lot of woodland. When you tell people about
woodland they think peaceful and relaxing. Or going on adventure or seeing animals or having fun
with the family.The thing they don't think about is mosquito.We all know they cause terrible itchy
bites.The thing they don't know is that they can give you a disease.For example Chikungunya virus
and West Nile Virus. West nile virus is really known in the US.
In delaware they control mosquito.They are called DNREC Mosquito Control.The DNREC don't let
the number of mosquito increase, or even decrease.If they eliminated all the mosquito the food chain
would go crazy. DNREC goes everywhere to control mosquito.They go to wetland and woodland.
DNREC
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Cycle Of Malaria Research Paper
Describe the transmission cycle of malaria?
Malaria is a virus transmitted by a vector known as the mosquito. When pregnant female mosquitos
hunger for human blood spreads the virus. Malaria can also be spread via blood to blood, such as
transfusions, organ donation, and childbirth. Mosquitoes acquire the virus when biting an infected
human. Malaria has two hosts the human and the mosquito. The virus is transmitted from the
mosquito via saliva when being bit. The parasite begins it journey in humans in the liver then in a
week going into the blood and disrupting normal red blood cell activity. When a mosquito has a
blood meal from a infected person the parasite is the transmitted and develops to become a cyst and
entering infective state traveling to the mosquitoes salivary glands waiting to be transmitted to a
new host.
Name and explain three ecological factors that can be considered obstacles for Malaria eradication
by Ferguson et al? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ability to evolve so quickly is related to the high reproduction rate. This is a major obstacle
because insecticides play a large role in controlling the mosquito population, which is the malaria
vector. Environmental changes such as climate changes cause the spread of mosquitoes into new
areas where as before was not viable. Changing the landscaping from areas such as farmland with
animals to plants will change the primary blood meal of mosquitoes. Variation in mosquito behavior
is an obstacle because it was once thought that mosquitoes only feed for blood meals in houses yet
this is not true. Mosquitoes are as likely if not more to feed outside. It is hard to identify behavioral
patterns of and animal especially one of such
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Executive: Review Of Mosquito Magnet Executive
Review of Mosquito Magnet Executive
Most people dream all winter about the things they will do during the spring and summer months.
They want to get out and enjoy the great outdoors and do things like swimming, barbeques, and
gardening. The downside is, mosquitos and other insects also enjoy the warmer weather months,
which means most people end up sitting indoors rather than going out to enjoy all they dreamed of
doing. The Mosquito Magnet promises to change the way you enjoy summer by eliminating
mosquitoes in your yard and their newest model makes that even more likely. Are you ready to take
back your summer fun?
Features of the Executive by Mosquito Magnet
Mosquitoes are drawn to humans because we emit carbon dioxide, heat, and moisture, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some people do prefer the Skeeter Vac to the Mosquito Magnet brand, but there are many Mosquito
Magnet reviews that state that the Executive is a better machine. This is because most Skeeter Vacs
are not as powerful as they claim to be. A device that says it will work to cover up to an acre
requires more than one machine for an acre. Those who have the Executive, and even the ones who
feel that it was a waste of their money, state that it is an effective way to eliminate mosquitos. For
most people, that should be proof enough that the Executive works better than the Skeeter
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Zika Virus Papers
The Zika Virus When people think of the word 'epidemic', they generally imagine a widespread
disease that threatens humanity as a whole. While most of the hysteria associated with pandemics
stem purely from fiction, it can be understandable why people always fear the worst. That is why
when an outbreak of the Zika Virus was reported in the United States, an overall feeling of malaise
set in. As of September 21, 2016, a total of 3,358 cases of the Zika Virus have been reported
("Center for Disease Control and Prevention"). Though the numbers are alarming, there is no need
for a national quarantine or emergency evacuation. In reality, the Zika Virus is not as intimidating as
society puts it out to be. The panic and confusion associated with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As of now, there is no official vaccine for Zika. Instead, a patient that has the contagion must
undergo certain treatments. Fortunately, the remedies for the virus are simple and cheap. If infection
occurs, it is vital to get an abundance of rest and liquids; medication is also advised to assist in
alleviating pain. The treatments for Zika are straightforward because the disease itself is rather mild.
In fact, in most reported cases of the virus in the United States, the illness only lasted approximately
two to seven days prior to the first set of symptoms ("World Health Organization"). It is evident that
the fear associated with the Zika Virus is slightly exaggerated. Currently, there is only one recorded
fatality in the United States that is directly related to Zika ("The Washington Post"). This is mainly
because first world countries' medical programs are advanced enough to effectively treat the virus.
The standard of living in these countries are also higher compared to third world countries. That is
why Zika has claimed a significant amount of lives worldwide; the poor conditions in these
countries make it difficult for infected individuals to get proper
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Guilt In Mosquito, By John Updike

  • 1. Guilt In Mosquito, By John Updike It is human nature to feel remorse after committing a crime, no matter how minuscule the crime. Humans do not always enjoy causing harm, but it is unavoidable. It occurs multiple times in life; nevertheless, one must overcome guilt to achieve greatness. The poem, "Mosquito" by John Updike, provides insight into the entire journey of committing the crime of killing a mosquito. To begin, many desire a safe haven to feel protected; however, with the help of mysterious and disastrous imagery, it is apparent that dangers are always lurking. Furthermore, illogical comparisons impel the narrator to evaluate each and every danger possible. Correspondingly, the manner in which a battle is portrayed implicates the aftermath of the murderous event. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... First, the concept of safety in a bedroom is eradicated with the assistance of ominous imagery. Moreover, exaggerated comparisons influence one to fear even the slightest threats. Similarly, the implementation of cacophony and euphony exhibits the ebb and flow one must endure in a traumatic event. The poem "Mosquito", by John Updike uses the innocent battle with a mosquito to symbolize the distraught lifestyle of a soldier in war. Post–traumatic stress disorder is a very common mental health condition in soldiers that is triggered by a terrifying event or guilt from the acts they have committed. War may seem to be merely a task; however, some people take their tasks extremely ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2.
  • 3. The Effects Of Mosquito Bites On The World When you think of a dangerous animal, what do you see? Maybe a tiger, a lion, or even the fearsome serrated teeth of a great white shark. Well the animal I have in mind can fly at a whopping 1.5 miles an hour and suck your blood from its tiny mouth. Killing up to one million people per year, the most dangerous animal in the world is in fact the mosquito. Everyone can recall a negative memory associated with mosquitoes. Whether you were bitten in an awkward spot or became victim of a mosquito buffet, we can all agree mosquitoes are a nuisance. It's important that we acknowledge the fact that, for the most part, we don't have to worry about debilitating illnesses as a result of mosquito bites. In many developing countries all around the world, what we consider an annoying itch is often times a death sentence for weak, malnourished people. Spreading disease such as dengue fever, West Nile virus, yellow fever, and Malaria, mosquitoes are a vessel of disease that needs to be eradicated. While efforts to vaccinate and treat mosquito–borne illnesses have been developing in areas such as Africa, due to the poor third world state of most of these countries, vaccinating and treating everyone is a logistical nightmare. To truly end the suffering of millions of people worldwide, we must address the root of the problem. To effectively employ the methods to combat mosquito–borne illnesses, first the countries that are affected need to figure out a way to treat those in very ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4.
  • 5. Causes And Consequences Of Mosquitoes Mosquitoes are significant groups of arthropods that inhabit aquatic habitats. They are probably adverse arthropods, which transmits wide range of pathogens that cause drastic deadly diseases such as human malaria, dengue, filariasis, viral encephalitis (Leopoldo 2008). Zika virus, another mosquitoe borne infection was first reported in Brazil by Pan American Health Organization in 2015. After the identification, the Zika virus has spread tremendously all around America. The illness begins with mild symptoms lasting up to a week after being bitten by vector mosquito. However, an infection during pregnancy may cause certain neurological anomalies like microcephaly and several other brain defects (Plourde & Bloch 2016).Thus control of mosquitoes becomes the need of the hour to prevent wide epidemic infections. However, it is difficult to control and prevent severe consequences created by mosquito species (Aneesh 2009). Currently a total of 3549 recognized mosquito species belonging to subfamily Culicinae are reported all over the world (Harbach 2016). Out of this more than hundred species of mosquitoes are capable of disease transmission to humans and other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Pupae don't require food and be alive for 1–3 days before the adult form. Male adult mosquitoes primarily feed nectar from plants to get sugar while the female mosquitoes imbibe the blood meal to generate viable eggs (Leopoldo 2008). Female mosquitoes usually nourish every 3–5days. A. albopictus females are diurnal feeders; they not only give preference to attack large mammals but also imbibe blood meals from birds (Savage et al ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6.
  • 7. Florida Keys Mosquito Control Case Study The Florida Keys is facing a crisis in the growth of deadly mosquito populations who pose a threat to its Tourists and residents. The species Aedes aegypti is an invasive species in the Florida Keys that carries Dengue Fever and Chikungunya and spreads these diseases to humans by biting them (Oxitec, "United States"). Dengue fever and Chikungunya are potentially fatal, viral ailments that have no present day treatment apart from treating patient's symptoms (Oxitec, "United States"). According to the Florida Keys Mosquito Control Division (FKMCD), they present efforts for fighting off these mosquitoes is using insecticides; achieving a 50% eradication rate("Oxitec OX513A Trial"). Oxitec believes that it has come up with a solution to combat the growth of Aedes aegypti populations using genetically engineered sterile male Aedes aegypti to sire offspring that will not survive into adulthood(Oxitec, "United States"). In response to this, many of the Key's residents are protesting against the releasing of genetically altered mosquitoes as they feel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... During these meetings, the FKMCD shows the cost effectiveness of Oxitec's method compared to the present methods used in the Keys, that Oxitec's methods would decrease the use of pesticides in the Keys and that not trials would be executed on private property ("Oxitec OX513A Trial"). With as much positive information that the FKMCD presents for Oxitec, they make little provision for debate. As a result, it could be suggested that the FKMCD are treating this plan as if it were already passed, leaving the public without a voice. Larry Kahn documents protests against the initiation of trials for Oxitec's plan for this very reason ("flkeysnews.com). To the public, the FKMCD and Oxitec seem contented to carry out Oxitec's plan with only superficial concern for the concerns of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8.
  • 9. Zainabu Case Zainabu, mother of Ramadhani Shida Mashak, started to notice that her son Ramadhani suddenly became severely ill. Problem was that because Zainabu inhabits a secluded village in Africa, not many resources were available to get appropriate help necessary for her son's survival. However, with the help of a fortunate chance, Zainabu was able to get help from Mama Tatu, who had practiced medicine in the past. Mama Tatu prescribed antimalarial drugs to Ramadhani, however, that wasn't enough to subdue the plasmodium parasite that inhabited Ramadhani's 8 months old body. Eventually, Ramadhani was able to head to a professional doctor who was able to relieve Ramadhani from the plasmodium infection. Although Ramadhani was lucky enough to survive from ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10.
  • 11. Vector Control And Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets The current interventions in place are vector control and insecticide treated mosquito nets. Vector control involves the reduction of vector habitats through the use of chemical larvicides and adulticides and of biological control agents. This method is hindered however, by a weak program capacity, as well as by the absence of well–defined indicators and program targets along with a poor understanding of efficacy and cost–effectiveness of control measures particularly in terms of reducing transmission (World Health Organization). Not only this, but pesticides can also be extremely harmful to the environment and can end up in the water supply due to runoff, leading to a further potential harm for humans and animals. An important factor in vector control is that all insecticides run the risk of mosquitos becoming resistant. The Malaria Journal states that, mosquito nets often go unused due to the heat associated with sleeping under them and perceived mosquito density. Nets are usually treated with insecticide and mosquitos are beginning to become resistant to the particular pesticide used. Nets, though efficient if used, must be replaced every three to four years. There are other interventions in place, such as public awareness campaigns. As I have stated there are numerous problems associated with the current interventions. They are not enough to curb the spread of Dengue, thus funding for vaccine research is the most effective possible intervention. Vaccine research ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12.
  • 13. The Bite Of An Infected Aedes Species Mosquito The Zika virus is a flavivirus that is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. This virus was first found in 1947 in a Ugandan rainforest and roughly ten years later the first human was infected with the virus. Since this initial outbreak, the virus has circulated through Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands. This virus was contained to these areas until it came into the western hemisphere in 2015. In 2015 cases of the Zika virus were found in Brazil and by May of that year the Brazilian Health Organization ordered a state of emergency because an estimated 1.5 million people were infected with the virus. Since May, this virus has further spread from Brazil into the Caribbean, Central and South America. Symptoms of this illness are mild but include fever, rash, conjunctivitis and joint pain. Because this is a mild virus many people do not show symptoms and do not realize that they have been infected. For the people who do show symptom's they do not occur until one or two weeks after being bitten by the infected mosquito and symptoms only last a week. Right now there are no treatment options available for the virus, it is just suggested that infected people get plenty of rest and remain hydrated. The biggest concern about this virus is its effect on pregnant women and its relationship with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). When contracted by a pregnant woman, the Zika virus not only effects the mother but can be detrimental for ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14.
  • 15. The Best Bug Repellant Analysis The Best Bug Repellant Americans get a lot of bug bites during the summer. Many have been wondering how to go the whole summer without getting bitten. This report will explore good ways to repel insects. Is natural bug repellant better than bug spray? Is DEET really a terrible option for bug repellant? In her article The Best Bug Repellent Leigh Krietsch Boerner states that spent countless hours pouring over mountains of research about different bug sprays and repellents and their safety and effectiveness. Cutter Backwoods Dry has twenty–five percent DEET and is the easiest to apply and more comfortable on skin. It also has the most reliable spray. It is apparent that people put a lot of effort into what they want to protect their skin, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... When you look at either side, you see that Deet is very effective and comfortable to wear, but natural repellants can be more effective and better for the environment. It all comes down to which side that you take. I hope this report helped you choose the best bug repellant! Works Cited Boerner, Leigh Krietsh (March, 2017) The Best Bug Repellent . The Sweet Home. Retrieve from: http://thesweethome.com/reviews/best–bug–repellent/ Roncca, Deborah ( No date) How Deet Works . Retrieve from: http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/ Dr. Mercola(May 25, 2015) This Natural Bug Repellant Works Better Than Deet . Retrieve from: http://articles.mercola.com/ Garvey, Kathy Keatly(February 16, 2017) Deet works against Zika infected mosquitos, but high doses are best . Retrieve from: https://www.ucdavis.edu/ ( No author) ( January 29, 2015) Is Deet safe? Pros and cons of Deet mosquito repellant. Retrieve from: bugofff.com/is–deet–safe–the–pros–and–cons–of–deet–mosquito–repellent/ Oaklander, Mandy ( May 12, 2015) This Natural Bug repellant works better than Deet! Retrieve from: ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16.
  • 17. Rachel Carson Research Paper According to Elizabeth Willott, wetland and mosquitos have generally gone hand in hand. One reason that many wetland have been drained is to get rid of mosquitos. In the process, valuable ecosystems were destroyed. Now many people want to restore wetlands. It may be possible to restore some wetlands while controlling mosquitoes, but it would require planning and frequented intervention on the part of human. Should people have to be concerns to what is going too happened to the mosquitos and wetland, or the have to be thinking about how to protect the ecosystems? On a higher understanding should we give priority to people's lives or priority to the ecosystem and wetland? I will try to show that the restauration of wetland, it would not be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Integrating mosquitoes to the ecosystem, can bring a huge repercussions to humanity. So the best way to protect humans is killing the mosquitoes before the can transfer any type of diseases, the best way of doing it, is using the DDT. It is affective, as nontoxic to humans and inexpensive to produce. In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring was published. It cataloged the environmental impacts of widespread DDT spraying in the United States and questioned the logic of releasing large amounts of potentially dangerous chemicals into the environment without understanding their effects on the environment or human health. The book claimed that DDT and other pesticides had been shown to cause cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds. According to Rachel Carson's it seems that it only matter when it is a threat for the United States, because diseases carried by mosquitoes does not affect directly to the United States citizens. But it affects the rest of the countries, especially Latin America and Africa. Under U.S law, pesticide are not permitted to be used in the Unites States can still manufactured and export in the U.S for use elsewhere. That's a clear example of environment racism, why it is not permitted to be used in the U.S and it is permitted to export to others countries? I have always asked that way every single disease on earth start in Africa, it because of this environmental privilege that some countries have from another. The United States knows the environmental and humanitarians effects of his products to the Latin America and Africa society but they do not care, they keep sending "poison" to other countries and those countries in order to protect their citizens they keep buying those products because they do not know the secondary effects of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18.
  • 19. Aedes Mosquitos : Dangerous Invasive Species And Disease... Aedes mosquitos are dangerous invasive species and disease vectors who originally came from Asian tropical territories. Due to the global change of the climate, it became possible for Aedes mosquitos to habitat in many suitable for them territories (1). Aedes albopictus is one of the 2, which had adjusted to most of the places in the world with warm enough climate to survive. The major reason that this species has massively invaded worldwide, is due to their plasticity (2). Another threatening species is Aedes aegypti, which has certain homology, but in contrast, could only exist in warmer zones with a tropical climate and high humidity. It results in less massive population range comparing to the Asian Tigers (3). Aedes aegypti occupies warm pleases like Africa, many islands, southern parts of the Europe, and U.S., and with the greatest population outgrows is in Southern America and Caribbean aria (4). The main cause of Aedes emigration was the international trade of the objects, such as tires, into many parts of the world (2). The current anthropological influence, which supports high population size of Aedes aegypti, is increased water collection during rain seasons, and storage in urban places, in countries with the tropical climate (5). The main problem caused by the Aedes albopictus and Aedes eagypti is the threat to the human health by transmitting vector–borne disease, and their population outgrowth that causes epidemics (3). The purpose of this paper is to focus ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20.
  • 21. Have Mosquitoes Always Been A Problem In Everyday Life? Argumentative essay Have Mosquitoes always been a problem in your daily life? Well if they have then you should listen right now. Mosquitoes are one of the most annoying things on Earth and billions of other people agree with me too. There are three reasons people hate mosquitoes so much. Number 1 is that they can affect lots of people's sleep, and other things during the day. It can even affect mine too. The second reason is that mosquitoes can carry really deadly diseases and can kill lots of people. The final reason is that if you are still in school it can be hard to focus especially if mosquitoes love you. In my opinion I would love it if people would just get rid of mosquitoes, because apparently they are not that important in the food chain according to national geographic. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Some evidence that I have found in articles and in video comments is that the constant buzzing drives people crazy and they might not even get 5 hours of sleep. Also if they can only get below 5 hours of sleep then that is really not healthy. Some other evidence that I have found in an article called "Keep Mosquitoes away during your next BBQ" is that it talked all about how people hate when mosquitoes raid BBQs. They will bite people and fly around the grill and I don't think people will want to eat a burger while a mosquito was flying around it. The last piece of evidence that I have for this reason is that it can be really uncomfortable. In my life experience is that over the summer when I went to summer camp I got 40 mosquitoes bites. And it took forever for them to go away, and all i wanted to do was just scratch and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22.
  • 23. Mosquito Repellent Industry MOSQUITO REPELLENT INDUSTRY– OVERVIEW Its sole reason for existence in the market is the omnipresent mosquito, which makes life excruciatingly difficult for the average Indian during summer and monsoon months. In many ways the primary factor fuelling the explosive growth of this market – characterized by low brand loyalty and low product involvement –has been the availability of cost–effective, mosquito repellents. The night–long noisy drone of mosquitoes that disturbs our sleep is music to the ears of the Rs1, 100–crore mosquito repellent industry. The various segments in this industry are coils, mats, vaporizers, aerosols and creams. The two new segments are personal sprays and gels. The category–wise market shares: Coils command ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although the initial success of All Out was largely due to technological innovation and first–mover advantages, it was widely believed that what had kept the brand going was strong marketing. KAPL decided to handle the advertising for All Out on its own, surprising many industry watchers and drawing criticism from some ad agencies. However, the company surprised everybody with the launch of a campaign featuring an animated, jumping frog (actually an All Out vaporizer) eating mosquitoes, which proved to be immensely successful. In 1998, KAPL came out with a Rs 99 pack consisting of the Pluggy and a refill. The deal, called the 'deadly offer' was backed by heavy advertising. . After KAPL's 'deadly exchange scheme,' GoodKnight's share decreased by 9.3% in volume terms between September 1999 and February 2000. KAPL's distribution network consisted of around 120 distributors across the country. Of the 900,000 outlets across the country, that sold repellants, KAPL was available in only 18%. As this was significantly lower than the 55% figure for R&C and 54% for GSSL, KAPL is working towards increasing its presence. GODREJ SARA LEE LTD GOOD KNIGHT Godrej Sara Lee Ltd. is a 450 crore turnover company with brands like Good Knight, Jet and Hit. It is the market leader in the mats segment with a share of 68% in May 2000. Good Knight has become the most preferred mosquito repellent solution in the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24.
  • 25. West Nile Virus Is A Mosquito Borne Virus West Nile virus is a mosquito–borne virus. The agent of West Nile is described as being a "mosquito–borne enveloped positive–strand RNA virus that emerged in 1999 in North America, specifically in New York City" (Public/Publisher Medline, 2015). Since its spread to North America it has continued to spread throughout the United States and even places such as Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. However, its first emergence was in 1937 in Uganda (Medline Plus, 2014). According to Pub Med, there are now more than 41,000 clinical cases of West Nile virus which also includes 1700 fatalities. Moreover there is an estimation of "3 million people in the United States that have been infected since last year" (Pub Med, 2015). West Nile virus is spread when "a mosquito bites an infected bird and also bites a person after being infected" (Medline Plus, 2014). This transmission can be found in Figure 1 of page 6. However, there are no symptoms in most people that are infected with West Nile virus. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most people, "around 70%–80% do not develop any symptoms at all" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Despite those statistics, that is not always the case. Some infected people experience febrile illness. For example, "about 1 in 5 people with West Nile virus will contract a fever and feel symptoms such as headaches, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash, etc." (CDC, 2015). Despite those symptoms, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26.
  • 27. Speech On The Mosquito All these numbers are small in comparison with the deadliest creature in the world. According to World Health Organization, this creature is responsible for killing more than 1 million people every year. It is estimated that this creature kills one child every 30 seconds. The deadly bite of this creature can cause a myriad of diseases. It can cause encephalitis, filariasis, yellow fever, West Nile Virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, malaria, and dengue fever. By now, you should know which deadly creature I'm talking about. That's right, it's the mosquito. Now, at one look, you won't see mosquito as scary, right? In fact, if you see a mosquito, you don't run away but instead, you will chase it down until you kill it. As a Christian, ask yourself, what are the little things that matter in your life? You may easily spot the crocodiles, sharks, hippopotamuses, and snakes in your life. But are you also recognizing the mosquitoes? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... and they, therefore, avoid them like the plague. But for little sins, they do not worry much about. They indulge in them feeling it doesn't matter. Some categorized these things as little sins which don't have the same consequences as the big sins. But the truth of the matter is that in God's sight, there is no such thing as little sins or big sins, sin is sin whether big or small and they carry the same consequence and punishment. The Bible makes it abundantly clear in Romans 6:23, "For the wages of sin is death. . ." In most cases, it is the smallest things that pose the greatest risk in our lives. In the same manner, it is the little sins in our Christian life that can lead us to spiritual death. These little sins are more dangerous than the sins we consider as big sins. As Christians, if we allow those sins we term as little in our lives, they can hinder us from getting to heaven. Most of these little sins come in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28.
  • 29. Zika Virus: A Case Study With a warm climate, multiple water sources and high humidity, South Florida is a mosquito– breeding ground. While South Florida's residents spray to prevent annoying mosquito bites, there is another reason to control the mosquito population. Starting in 2015, the Zika virus began spreading across the world. Originally found in Uganda, it spread to Brazil in 2015 and caused hundreds of cases of microcephaly. Spread by mosquitoes, Zika has now moved to the United States. The Center for Disease Control announced in March that over 300 cases of Zika have been confirmed in the United States. In Brazil, thousands of cases of Zika have led to widespread birth defects. Due to the terrifyingly rapid spread of the virus, the World Health Organization has labeled Zika as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In Latin America, it has already been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome. Known for causing paralysis and high fatalities, this syndrome may develop after someone has been infected with Zika. Other than the risks of Guillain–Barré syndrome, Zika is also a cause of microcephaly. This condition causes small, pointed heads and deformities in fetuses if the mother is infected with Zika. In Brazil, a rise of microcephaly cases led to a national health emergency. Due to the climate of South Florida, it is likely that Zika and microcephaly will increase in the coming year. Stopping Transmission There is currently no cure or vaccine for Zika virus. The only way to prevent the outbreak is to prevent the mosquito bites that spread the disease. For residents in South Florida, removing water sources and standing water prevents the breeding grounds that allow mosquitoes to reproduce. In addition, spraying for mosquitoes and using a mosquito larvicide can kill the mosquitoes that already exist in the area. Prevention Techniques According to the Center for Disease Control, the best ways to prevent mosquito bites and the Zika virus ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30.
  • 31. The Zika Outbreak: A Case Study The threat of mosquito–borne illnesses to the American public has, until now, been little to none. With the recent Zika outbreak making headlines, many Americans are now careful to go the extra mile to ensure protection from potentially infected mosquitos. In response to the growing desire of Americans to protect themselves from mosquitos, companies have been profiting on this increased demand by producing new, desirable products that easily incorporate mosquito protection into everyday life. The sudden publicity of the Zika outbreak has allowed firms to capitalize on increased demand for bug repellent products. The prominence of mosquito–borne Zika coverage in the news has led to an increase in demand for mosquito repellent while leaving supply ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 61). Regarding the Zika virus outbreak and demand for bug repellents, several of these factors apply. Consumer preferences come into play as more people learn about the detrimental effects of the Zika virus and strive to protect themselves from infection. Because Zika is a mosquito–borne virus, a person needs bug repellents to be safe from bites. The publicity of the outbreak generates awareness, and consumers rush to get protection. Customers with higher income levels are willing to pay more for the new products, like Invisaband, leading to massive profits. Created in 2014, Invisiband saw a 400% increase in sales once the Zika virus began to spread (Entis, 2016). In addition to their bug repelling wristbands, Invisiband makes portable mosquito nets, primarily for Americans traveling abroad. They hope to also make a more permanent net for certain demographics; those in affected southern areas like Florida and Texas (Entis, 2016). Another company, BugsAway, also saw a dramatic increase in sales. BugsAway manufacture clothing "which are treated with Permethrin to protect against bug bites," (Entis, 2016). Overall, the bug repellent industry is in prime condition to raise prices with this recent high ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32.
  • 33. Zka Virus Essay Before a cure is created for the Zika Virus, it is imperative to realize that the methods used by vector control officials affect the transmissibility of the virus. By utilizing the SEIR model to simulate the spread of Zika over a given amount of days, vector officials can understand their effect on decreasing the mosquito number. Since, in many cases, speed is a necessity to make a decision regarding the treatment of a virus, the java simulation program can provide vital insight into an ideal course of action. The simulation is highly flexible in that its user can adjust parameters as needed. Although it is highly unlikely that cities would choose to reduce the mosquito to human ratio from 5:1 to 2:1 as that could translate into sweeping out millions of mosquitoes, it is important ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... First, since scientists are discovering that insecticides are becoming less efficient in removing vast amount of mosquitoes, new methods such as introducing genetically modified mosquitoes are being implemented (13). Under the controversial RIDL program (Releasing of insects carrying dominant lethal genes) genetically modified mosquito vectors are released into the environment without the ability to replicate arboviruses (i.e. zika) (13). Research can be conducted to integrate this new GMO technology into the mathematical model to find its effect on the transmissibility and the R0 value. Additional research can be conducted to find the effects of a vaccine being discovered and mapping the optimal percentage of vaccinations required in a population for the Zika Virus to be non lethal. Although this is purely hypothetical, scientists are actively working to find cures and can soon become quite relevant. Finally, one can research an agent based Zika model in which the movement of humans and vectors is stochastic (random) which can, in turn, add to the precision and reliability of a model ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34.
  • 35. West Nile Fever West Nile fever is a virus that is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. Humans become infected through the bite of a mosquito, however one can also contract the virus through an organ transplant, as well as blood (West Nile Fever, n.d.). There is an incubation period of three to fourteen days. Individuals who become infected with the West Nile virus do not usually present with any symptoms, but can have flu–like symptoms, or more severe cases will have signs of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or meningitis. There are no current vaccines available and is now a major public health concern in Europe. The West Nile virus (WNV) made its appearance in the United Stated in 1999, New York City, and is now in 44 states, as well as District of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... These surveillance programs should incorporate strategies which assure that the data is comparable over time and space, as well as being designed to pick up trends in WNV transmission levels (West Nile Virus, 2013). WNV surveillance programs should also be equipped with quantitative indicators like infection rate or vector index to represent the transmission activity in mosquito populations. In order to provide sufficient information to link surveillance indicators with the degree of human risk, these programs must be sustainable over a long period of time. The collection of mosquitos must also be implemented weekly throughout the transmission season and done at fixed collection areas. Through continuous monitoring can these programs present information that will be useful in creating thresholds to support decisions pertaining to vector control efforts and interventions (West Nile Virus, 2013). Surveillance methods, like sentinel chickens and dead bird surveillance could be conducive to mosquito–based surveillance in quantifying epizootic activity in some ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36.
  • 37. West Niles Virus Research Paper West Niles Virus is a virus that is transmitted from mosquito to aves and mammals via infected mosquito bites and is prevalent within most of the Continental United States. It is reported that, "40 states have recorded cases of West Nile Virus" (Jolly par. 4). The complications with mosquito bites is problematic because of the spread of disease is due to the infected mosquitos and there is a need to implement a control systems to decreased swarms of mosquitos, in particular within Maricopa County. This cause is important because I have recently been diagnosed as having West Niles Virus. There is no current vaccination for humans against the West Niles Virus, the only way to reduce chances of contracting the virus would be through prevention ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38.
  • 39. The Positive And Negative Effects Of Mosquitoes According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, "every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito–borne diseases" (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people's attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus disease. A disease that kills a child patient every two minutes and gets patient to infect again is malaria. As World Health Organization explains, "Malaria is a life–threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes" (2016). Malaria is transmitted in tropical and subtropical countries. The countries that mostly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explains that "Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. These are the same mosquitoes that spread dengue and chikungunya viruses" (2016). The first human cases of Zika were detected in 1952. Tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands have been reported on Zika virus. World Health Organization (2016) reports that "Since 2015, 67 countries and territories reported evidence of vector–borne Zika virus ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40.
  • 41. The Effects Of Zika Virus Spreads Through Bites From... The primary means by which the Zika virus spreads is through bites from infected mosquitoes of which the Aedes mosquito is known to be the primary carrier (Center for Disease Control, 2016). These mosquitos are active at night but are most prominent during the daytime. This is not, however, the only means of transmission. An infected person may pass the virus on from mother to child, during sexual contact, or during a blood transfusion. The transmission from mother to child is of serious concern since the virus has been linked to microcephaly, a birth defect showcased by a smaller head when compared to other babies (CDC, 2016). This is a sign that the brain has stopped growing. Once a person is infected they will may experience a combination of fever, headache, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. The symptoms will usually remain for a period of two to seven days. Fortunately, the number of fatalities caused by the virus has remained limited so far. Of those persons who survive after becoming infected with the virus it is believed that they will have a type of immunity that will prevent another infection from occurring (World Health Organization, 2016). Although this disease has just recently come into the headlines worldwide, because of its prevalence in Brazil with the upcoming Olympics, it was actually first discovered in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947 in monkeys. The first human case was not reported until 1952 (WHO, 2016). As a part of its more recent history, the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42.
  • 43. How a Mosquito Bite Can Cost the US Millions of Dollars U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the country spends millions of dollars each year in the treatment of West Nile virus disease, a condition transmitted to humans by a mosquito bite. In fact, hospitalizations and follow–ups related to the disease cost nearly $800M in healthcare expenses as well as lost productivity since 1999. This means that the United States spends about $56M annually for direct and indirect costs brought about by the mosquito–borne West Nile virus. These findings were based on research published online by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. The Cost of West Nile Virus Disease Recent research shows that being bitten by a mosquito that transmits the West Nile virus (WNV) can cost the government millions of dollars in terms of hospitalization, medications, follow–up visits, and lost work. After examining more than 37,000 WNV infections reported to the CDC (1999– 2012), investigators found more than 18,000 patients were hospitalized and more than 1,500 people died from the disease. More than 16,000 individuals developed complications, such as neurologic sequelae, of which elderly patients were at high risk for severe complications. However, CDC reports that the number of patients affected by the disease may be more than the actual cases reported since 1999. Furthermore, the researchers believe that the costs calculated may have been underestimated since most of these were based on initial costs incurred ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 44.
  • 45. West Nile Virus: A Monologue Analysis Summer may be over, but the mosquitos are still buzzing around. Environment Canada warned earlier this year that high levels of rainfall last spring provided perfect breeding grounds for the pesky bugs and summer was not much better for rainy days so it's no wonder mosquitoes are still here. Beyond being annoying and leaving us with incessantly itchy bite marks, mosquitos come with more serious risks. Infected mosquitos carrying the West Nile virus can pass ... Human cases of West Nile virus have been recorded since 2002. Last year alone, there were 104 cases, up from 80 cases in 2015 and 21 cases in 2014. Symptoms of West Nile virus can include fever, headaches, body aches, mild rash or swollen lymph glands but serious cases can lead to loss ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... I have the Dynatrap in my backyard and have yet to be bitten by a mosquito. The trap, which is chemical and pesticide–free, emits UV light, warmth and carbon dioxide that lure mosquitoes and other predatory insects. I have to admit that I get a guilty pleasure from opening the trap and seeing the mosquitos and wasps that otherwise take over my backyard. Portable Repellent Devices I'm aware that mosquitos exist outside my backyard. That's why I also have a portable mosquito repellent device that I can take with me when we're picnicking, or hanging out at the park. I also bring it to my bootcamp class which just so happens to take place at dusk, when mosquitos are increasingly active. The Thermacell Mosquito Repellent repels mosquitos and other predatory insects within a 15 x 15–foot zone. It emits almost no odour, is small enough to fit in my pocket and works with the use of a single butane cartridge. Wearable Repellent Devices Most wearable repellent devices, including wristbands, bracelets or necklaces, do very little to ward off the pesky bugs. The only on that seems to have an effect, according to a study published in the February 2017 issue of Journal of Insect Science, is the Off! Clip–on Metofluthrin nebulizer, which has proven to reduce bites by ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 46.
  • 47. 'The Boy Who Harnessed The Wind' The people in Malawi face an abundance of health problems every day because of their lack of knowledge about how to prevent diseases and access to treatment. In The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, William's mother is infected with malaria and almost dies. Malaria is the third leading cause of death in Malawi after HIV/AIDS and lower respiratory infections. However, health organizations and the Malawian government have helped control the spread of Malaria. Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu–like illness.. In 2015 an estimated 212 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 429,000 people died, mostly children in the African Region. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented. In Malawi, malaria is very common because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... First of all, an increase in the use of insecticide–treated bed nets has reduced malaria. Approximately 60% of children under age five and 55% of pregnant women now sleep under mosquito nets, up from only 9 per cent in 2001. Nearly 3 million nets were retreated with insecticide in 2005. In addition, treatments for malaria are becoming more accessible. The Malawi Ministry of Health's National Malaria Control Program has been able to scale up the distribution of artemisinin– based combination therapies and intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women. Because of all the prevention efforts and treatments, the incidence of Malaria has decreased over time. For example, Malaria incidence in 2015 was 386 per 1000 population representing a 20% reduction from 484 per 1000 in 2010. Also, the number of deaths due to Malaria has lessened from 5.6% to 3.4% in 2004 and 2009. Eventually, malaria will no longer one of the biggest killers in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 48.
  • 49. How To Prevent Zika Disease Preventing an outbreak of Zika in Mississippi Throughout the Caribbean, Central, and South America there has been health crisis that's has been affecting the youngest generation of these developing countries. Thousands of babies have been born with a birth defect known as microencephaly. This birth defect can cause horrible problems such as seizures, mental retardation, developmental delays, short stature and difficulties with coordination and balance. (Centers for Disease Control 2017) This birth defect often leads to having to provide life–term medical care and it was determined to be caused by the mother acquiring a mosquito–borne infection with the Zika virus. So, what is this Zika virus and how can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... What are the prevention techniques our state is investing in? What can we do to try and prevent ourselves and our families from getting Zika? The CDC is currently tracking the spread of the Zika virus throughout the world and teaching local healthcare providers how to detect case of the Zika virus. They are also providing support for local hospital laboratories to provide testing if the hospital cannot provide it and preforming confirmatory testing for those labs that do provide that type of testing. The CDC is also doing research on the link between Zika virus and the birth defects that it causes. They also educate people about the Zika virus and issue travel warnings on the place that have outbreaks. CDC is also recommending that all men that travel to countries with travel warnings to practice safe–sex for a while after returning from those trips because it is suspected that Zika can be passed through semen. President Obama signed a release of emergency funds that has provided $1.8 billion dollars to help accelerate research into a vaccine for Zika. (USA Today 2016) Another method that is being tried in countries like Brazil is the release of genetically modified male mosquitoes. These male mosquitoes have genetically modified genes that will cause their offspring to die quickly so that they will never reach maturity and since male mosquitoes do not bite they cannot spread disease. The biotech company Oxitec which is behind this concept, has stated that it can reduce populations by 80%. (Stein 2016) This has been deemed a safe method of mosquito reduction by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (Stein 2016) This method is controversial but it does reduce the overall amount of pesticide that is used to control the mosquitoes. Another method that is being used is the use of biological warfare against ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 50.
  • 51. Positive And Negative Effects Of Mosquito According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, "every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito–borne diseases" (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people's attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus disease. A disease that kills a child patient every two minutes and gets patient to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... According to World Health Organization, "Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus" (2016). People who live in or travel to Africa, South and Central America, and Southeast Asia have a risk of infection the disease. Other high–risk people are children, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems. World Health Organization (2009) explains that "more than 70% of the population at risk for dengue worldwide live in member states of the WHO South–East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region, which bear nearly 75% of the current global disease burden due to dengue" (p. 4). World Health Organization (2009) shows that a total of 4,332,731 cases of dengue was notified in more than 30 countries of the Americas from 2001 to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 52.
  • 53. Dengue Epidemic : Dengue Virus Introduction Dengue is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito named as Aedis aegypti. It has four serotypes. Hence, It can also be transmitted by a bite of an infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes. Dengue is not transmitted directly from person–to–person. on this earth , approximately more than one–third of the world's population are at risk for infection by dengue virus. Dengue virus is a very important cause of sickness and mortality in the areas located on tropics and subtropics. Approximately 400 million people are infected yearly. (CDC) There are not yet any vaccines available to prevent infection with dengue virus. The most efficient measures are those that avoid mosquito bites, vector control and precautions. After ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It needs water holding containers and places for their development and blood meals from humans. The mosquito lays her eggs on the sides of containers, which are filled with water, and these eggs hatch into larvae after a rain or flooding. To note, the eggs when submerged in water can survive for months. Later on, a larva changes into a pupa in about a week and into a mosquito in two days. In Asia and America, it breeds mainly in man–made containers and in Africa, it breeds in places as tree holes and leaf axils and also in artificial containers. Artificial containers are those which are kept to collect rainwater or that are filled with water by human population. The mosquito Aedes aegypti comes in three polytypic forms: The domestic form breeds in urban habitat, often around or inside houses. The sylvan form is a more rural form, and breeds in tree holes, generally in forests. The peridomestic form thrives in environmentally modified areas such as coconut groves and farms. Temperatures have a significant affect on the replication of viruses. Higher temperatures can reduce the time required for the virus to replicate and disseminate in the mosquito. If the mosquito becomes infectious faster as it does in the regions and areas where temperatures are warmer, it has a much likely chance of biting and infection a human before it perishes. Aedis albopictus is an another form of vector for dengue in Asia and pacific. This vector was also ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 54.
  • 55. Malaria is Passed to Humans through a Parasitic Mosquito Located in the Kingdom Protozoan Malaria is a parasitic mosquito born organism passed to humans by several species of the genus Anopheles and is responsible for about 220 million infections every year and 600,000– 1,200,000 deaths every year. The developing world is disproportionately affected which had led to some unique changes when dealing with infections such as drugs needing to be cheap, administered orally and stable at relatively high temperatures. However in keeping with the old saying prevention is better than cure many methods have been proposed and tested to control the mosquito vector that transmits malaria as supposed to treating the infect after it occurs. The life cycle of the malarial practice consists of a motile non sexually reproductive form termed a sporozoite making its way into the hosts blood stream via being bitten by a mosquito seeking a blood meal. From here it travels into the liver cells where it reproduces asexually to produce merozoites which infect red blood cells and metabolise haemoglobin. At this stage the parasites reproduces asexually to produce more merozoites which infect more red blood cells. At this stage some of the merozites develop into gametocytes which are immature gametes. When a mosquito bites the infected individual the gametocytes are taken up with the blood meal. In the mosquitos gut the gametocytes develop into mature gametes where they form a zygote –which is motile– that migrates to the salivary glands of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 56.
  • 57. Is The Mosquito Innocent Or Guilty Is the mosquito innocent or guilty? The mosquito is innocent for three reasons. One of those reasons is he told a lie to the iguana and he stormed off. Also it was the monkey who killed the owlet. The last reason is the rabbit broke a law of the jungle by running threw the jungle in mid day. The book tells us all of this. This is why the mosquito is innocent. In the book it states that the mosquito told a lie to the iguana, and it caused him to put sticks in his ears and storm off. The iguana should have just ignored him instead. If the iguana would not have done this the owlet would not have been killed. Also if the iguana would not have put the sticks in his ears he would not have scared the snake. The iguana is the one who is guilty. He ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 58.
  • 59. Media Analysis: The Zika Virus The "new" horrible virus Zika We get surrounded every day of big headlines from the media telling us how zika virus is affecting lives to the worst and how it could threattend the olympic games. But what is really the virus Zika? How does it affect you? And how can you protect yourself from it? Zika virus can be transmitted in different ways. One of the ways is a transmission from mother to child. If the mother is infected with the virus when she is close to giving birth, there is a chance that the newborn can get infected with the virus. Another way the Zika virus is transmitted is through a mosquito bite. When the mosquito (Aedes) becomes infected with Zika it will infect the people it bites. This will lead to more mosquitos getting infected, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 60.
  • 61. What Are The Positive And Negative Effects Of Mosquito According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control, "every year more than 1.5 million people around the globe lose their lives due to mosquito–borne diseases" (2012). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish and dragonflies, and when mosquitoes consume nectar, they help the flowers to pollinate. On the other hand, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that caused by mosquitoes, but the diseases are commonly found and get people's attention because they have many negative effects on people such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus disease. A disease that kills a child patient every two minutes and gets patient to infect again is malaria. As World Health Organization explains, "Malaria is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... First is wearing protective clothing. People should wear clothes which cover all the body to protect themselves from mosquitoes. Second, People should reschedule outdoor activities. Avoid being outdoors at dawn and dusk because mosquitoes are out. The last one is reducing a mosquito habitat. For instant, people should eliminate drains, tyres or other containers which may contain water. The disease does not have any medicines to treat. When people have dengue fever, they should see a doctor. The doctor may recommend treatment. For example, they should drink plenty of water, they should also rest, and avoiding some types of pain relievers such as aspirin and ibuprofen because they can increase bleeding complications. If people have severe dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever, they have to admit to the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 63. What Is Diploid Ookinete? The gametocytes of P. falciparum are taken up by using the female Anopheles mosquito because it takes its blood meal from an infected human. Upon being taken up with the aid of the mosquito, they leave the erythrocyte shell and differentiate into gametes. The female gamete maturation manner entails mild morphological modifications, as it becomes enlarged and round (Chessbrough, 2000). Then again, the male gamete maturation involves sizeable morphological development. The male gamete's DNA divides 3 times to form 8 nuclei and concurrently, eight flagella are formed. every flagella pairs with a nucleus to shape a microgamete, which then separates from the parasite cell in a system referred to as exflagellation (Gilles et. al., 1993). Gametogenesis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The fertilization occasion produces a zygote which sooner or later develops into an ookinete (Gilles et. al., 1993).The zygote and ookinete are the best diploid tiers of P. falciparum. The diploid ookinete is an invasive form of P. falciparum within the mosquito. It traverses the peritrophic membrane of the mosquito midgut and crosses the midgut epithelium (Gilles et. al., 1993). Once through the epithelium, the ookinete enters the basil lamina, and bureaucracy an oocyst. At some stage in the ookinete stage, genetic recombination can occur. This takes vicinity if the ookinete become formed from male and female gametes derived from special populations. This could occur if the human host contained multiple populations of the parasite, or if the mosquito consumed multiple inflamed people within a quick time–frame (Bruce Chwatt, 1985). Over the length of one–three weeks, the oocyst grows to a length of tens to masses of micrometres. at some point of this time, more than one nuclear divisions arise. After maturation, it divides to form multiple haploid sporozoites in a method called sporogony. Immature sporozoites damage through the oocyst wall into the haemolymph, then migrate to the salivary glands and whole their differentiation. Once mature, the sporozoites can continue to infect a human host throughout a subsequent mosquito chunk (Gilles et. al., ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 64.
  • 65. Common Infectious Disease : Zika Virus And The... Zika Virus There are many infectious and/or communicable diseases that circulate the world and infect many people and communities. Emerging infectious diseases are those that in which the incidences have increased in the past several decades or have the potential to increase in the near future (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2016, p. 293). The newest emerging infectious disease that has begun to spread worldwide is transmitted through a simple mosquito bite and is known as the Zika virus. The purpose of this paper is to summarize a current article on the Zika virus describing its causal agents, the epidemiology, and how it has impacted the nursing practice. Article Summary The Article "Zika Virus in the Americas – Yet another Arbovirus Threat" authors Fauci and Morens describe the Zika virus as an explosive pandemic occurring throughout South America, Central America, and the Caribbean and potentially threatening the United States. This virus infection is the most recent of four unexpected arrivals of important arthropod–borne viral disease in the Western Hemisphere over the past 20 years. Arbovirus is a descriptive term applied to hundreds of predominately RNA viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, notably mosquitos and ticks (Fauci & Morens, 2016, p. 601). These arthropods typically infect vertebrates like birds but have recently been found to infect humans as well. The Zika virus was accidentally found in Uganda in 1947, when surveilling mosquitos and primates ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 66.
  • 67. Examples Of Menace Analysis Worksheet TARGET AUDIENCE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Analyst Name: PV2 Rhodes Date: 2016JULY15 Classification: Unclassified PO: Increase public participation in preventative health measures and other activities designed to lower the spread or occurrence of disease. SPO: TA receives mosquito bite preventative equipment TA: Fathers of children who are six months to ten years old, who are Qabilis or tribesmen, living West of Sana'a and Aden to the Red Sea 1) Effectiveness Desired Behavior: TA will receive malaria preventative equipment (mosquito nets and insect repellents, and insecticides) from coalition sources and NGOs Power, control, or authority: In a patriarchal society such as the one found in Yemen a male is head of the household and is the primary breadwinner. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... These mediums are the most used due to widespread illiteracy. The Hadi government and Houthi Rebels both control television and radio stations. However, privately owned television and radio stations have multiplied recently with radio experiencing the strongest growth giving the people of Yemen additional, less biased sources of information. The Republic of Yemen Television channel is one example of the split media. Pro–Houthi and pro–Hadi versions of the channel are on the air. The Houthis influence Al–Masirah which operates from Beirut. Yemen also has access to Suhayl TV which is a pro–Islamist channel. Another source of TV comes from Egypt; it is Al–Sa'idah which is a private, entertainment–based ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 69. Analysis Of The Zeka Virus I recently watched a video that was very effective and was released on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website about the zeka virus specifically for audience analysis to answer any questions or concerns the public might want to know. The zeka virus is spread through the bite of the Aedes species of mosquito mostly found in Brazil but is slowly spreading towards the United States in a chronological pattern. The problem–solution pattern for the problem is that one in five people become ill from the virus and get symptoms like the flu (fever, rash, joint pain, and red eyes) for a week then get better, but the virus stays in the body. The main people this virus effects are pregnant women because the virus causes a birth defect called ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 71. West Nile Abuse In Delaware Delaware is a good place to live. Delaware has a lot of woodland. When you tell people about woodland they think peaceful and relaxing. Or going on adventure or seeing animals or having fun with the family.The thing they don't think about is mosquito.We all know they cause terrible itchy bites.The thing they don't know is that they can give you a disease.For example Chikungunya virus and West Nile Virus. West nile virus is really known in the US. In delaware they control mosquito.They are called DNREC Mosquito Control.The DNREC don't let the number of mosquito increase, or even decrease.If they eliminated all the mosquito the food chain would go crazy. DNREC goes everywhere to control mosquito.They go to wetland and woodland. DNREC ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 73. Cycle Of Malaria Research Paper Describe the transmission cycle of malaria? Malaria is a virus transmitted by a vector known as the mosquito. When pregnant female mosquitos hunger for human blood spreads the virus. Malaria can also be spread via blood to blood, such as transfusions, organ donation, and childbirth. Mosquitoes acquire the virus when biting an infected human. Malaria has two hosts the human and the mosquito. The virus is transmitted from the mosquito via saliva when being bit. The parasite begins it journey in humans in the liver then in a week going into the blood and disrupting normal red blood cell activity. When a mosquito has a blood meal from a infected person the parasite is the transmitted and develops to become a cyst and entering infective state traveling to the mosquitoes salivary glands waiting to be transmitted to a new host. Name and explain three ecological factors that can be considered obstacles for Malaria eradication by Ferguson et al? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The ability to evolve so quickly is related to the high reproduction rate. This is a major obstacle because insecticides play a large role in controlling the mosquito population, which is the malaria vector. Environmental changes such as climate changes cause the spread of mosquitoes into new areas where as before was not viable. Changing the landscaping from areas such as farmland with animals to plants will change the primary blood meal of mosquitoes. Variation in mosquito behavior is an obstacle because it was once thought that mosquitoes only feed for blood meals in houses yet this is not true. Mosquitoes are as likely if not more to feed outside. It is hard to identify behavioral patterns of and animal especially one of such ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 75. Executive: Review Of Mosquito Magnet Executive Review of Mosquito Magnet Executive Most people dream all winter about the things they will do during the spring and summer months. They want to get out and enjoy the great outdoors and do things like swimming, barbeques, and gardening. The downside is, mosquitos and other insects also enjoy the warmer weather months, which means most people end up sitting indoors rather than going out to enjoy all they dreamed of doing. The Mosquito Magnet promises to change the way you enjoy summer by eliminating mosquitoes in your yard and their newest model makes that even more likely. Are you ready to take back your summer fun? Features of the Executive by Mosquito Magnet Mosquitoes are drawn to humans because we emit carbon dioxide, heat, and moisture, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Some people do prefer the Skeeter Vac to the Mosquito Magnet brand, but there are many Mosquito Magnet reviews that state that the Executive is a better machine. This is because most Skeeter Vacs are not as powerful as they claim to be. A device that says it will work to cover up to an acre requires more than one machine for an acre. Those who have the Executive, and even the ones who feel that it was a waste of their money, state that it is an effective way to eliminate mosquitos. For most people, that should be proof enough that the Executive works better than the Skeeter ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 77. Zika Virus Papers The Zika Virus When people think of the word 'epidemic', they generally imagine a widespread disease that threatens humanity as a whole. While most of the hysteria associated with pandemics stem purely from fiction, it can be understandable why people always fear the worst. That is why when an outbreak of the Zika Virus was reported in the United States, an overall feeling of malaise set in. As of September 21, 2016, a total of 3,358 cases of the Zika Virus have been reported ("Center for Disease Control and Prevention"). Though the numbers are alarming, there is no need for a national quarantine or emergency evacuation. In reality, the Zika Virus is not as intimidating as society puts it out to be. The panic and confusion associated with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As of now, there is no official vaccine for Zika. Instead, a patient that has the contagion must undergo certain treatments. Fortunately, the remedies for the virus are simple and cheap. If infection occurs, it is vital to get an abundance of rest and liquids; medication is also advised to assist in alleviating pain. The treatments for Zika are straightforward because the disease itself is rather mild. In fact, in most reported cases of the virus in the United States, the illness only lasted approximately two to seven days prior to the first set of symptoms ("World Health Organization"). It is evident that the fear associated with the Zika Virus is slightly exaggerated. Currently, there is only one recorded fatality in the United States that is directly related to Zika ("The Washington Post"). This is mainly because first world countries' medical programs are advanced enough to effectively treat the virus. The standard of living in these countries are also higher compared to third world countries. That is why Zika has claimed a significant amount of lives worldwide; the poor conditions in these countries make it difficult for infected individuals to get proper ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...