Fatima Effects

Fatima Effects
The events of Fatima offer the world a more real understanding of Marian apparitions and its effects
on the world see how it has not been one hundred years since the first apparition of Fatima. Fatima
is often times not credited towards the political effect it actually had but in this paper we will look
briefly at the political context and the apparition and look at how Fatima did have a true political
effect on this world. All throughout Europe people were dealing with unemployment, stress, and
anticlericalism. With soldiers of war coming home to Portugal of horrible war stories, the soon to be
Fatima event was to be a strong symbolic threat for the groups that opposed the anticlerical
authorities. War on Portugal broke out on the 9th of March ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Salazar very frequently used Fatima as his rationale of why such a government system was needed
in Portugal. In 1933 he made it clear that Catholicism was the religion of the Portuguese Nation.
However devout he claimed to be, he never passed any powerful roles to the actual Catholic Church
but its influence was prevalent throughout Portugal. Most of the population considered itself
catholic and attended Mass. However Salazar still had control and did not delay in even punishing
members of the Church. Soon in the 1950s and 60s it became very clear to Salazar that he cannot
justify his governmental rule with the Catholic faith especially after the Second Vatican Council,
many documents were published such as the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern
World and also A Declaration on Religious Freedom. These clearly put out the message that the
church does not support any specific regime that doesn't guarantee and protect human rights and
religious freedom. The acts of Pope Paul VI in the 1960s and 70s expressed his concern and union
with Portugal and will to change their government and essentially Fatima was turn away from
legitimatizing dictatorship to the complete opposite, opposing
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The Rise Of The Babylonian Empire
10,000 BCE – Hunting–gathering became widespread after the end of last ice age.
9,000 BCE – People became farming barley and wheat instead of gathering wild grains.
4300 BCE – Villages started to come together, developing large towns, and then cities.
3400 BCE – Writing began to appear.
2500 BCE – Pyramids were being constructed in Egypt.
870 BCE – A feast was given by King Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria, for the inauguration of his new
capital at Nimrud.
539 BCE – The Babylonian Empire fell to the Persians.
212 BCE – The Romans destroyed the Greek colony of Syracuse.
410 CE – The Visigoths destroyed Rome.
732 CE – Islam didn't progress into Europe because of the Battle of Tours.
970 CE – A completed public library in Cordoba with nearly half a million books. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
1492 CE – The European discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus.
1607 CE – The establishment of the first permanent English colony in Virginia.
1660 CE – The accession of Charles

Christopher Columbus: The Age Of Discovery
The age of exploration was a time in the early 15th century where european ships sailed around the
world in search of new trade routes. One of the more famous explorers, that most children know
today, is Christopher Columbus. He isn't the only explorer though, what about Prince Henry,
Ferdinand Magellan, or even Vasco da Gama. Vasco da Gama born in 1460 to a noble family, later
joined the navy where he learned to navigate. Marking his first steps in becoming an accomplished
navigator. He worked on two kings King John II and King Manuel. They sent him on many voyages
to work on the problem of that time. He was looking for a meritain trade route to further along
Portugal's wealth and trade empire. His goal was made possible by the advances

How Is Vasco Da Gama Successful
Vasco da Gama was a portuguese explorer, he was born in Sines, Portugal at December 24, 1460. He
was a tough and fearless navigator. He was the first European to go to India by sea. He made his
reputation much stronger when he became a sailor that is when the King John II sent him to the
South of Lisbon and then to the Algarve region of the country to conquer French ships as an act of
humiliation against the French government for disrupting Portuguese shipping. When following
Gama's realization of King John II's orders, King Manuel took the throne and the country brought
back to memory its early mission that was find a route to India. By then, Portugal has established
itself as one of the most powerful maritime country in Europe. Historians

Junot And Isabel
In 1808 the French invaded Portugal with the help of their commander General Junot. During this
time, Portugal was ruled by Queen Marie 1. The power actually laid with Prince John because his
mother was insane. Junot and all his men went into Spain. They were also heading into Portugal via
Salamanca and then Almeida and Coimbra. Junot received multiple orders to move faster with his
invasion. He moved across the mountains of Extremadura. This caused Junot to lead his men
through many barely populated areas. By the the time the French reached the Tagus where they
invaded Portugal, they had lost all six of their guns and all of their horses.
After the French arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1808, King John VI gave Brazil the power over the
Portuguese ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The French revolution had a profound effect on the Portugal and Portuguese colonies. Napoleon's
desire to control European governments at that time created unrest. France invasion of Portugal led
to the Peninsula War and Brazil being put under the control of Portugal. Brazil eventually regain
their independence and abolishes slavery. As a result of the sinking of the Brazilian ship Parana,
Brazil government amended its constitution to declare war on Germany. This was in their favor as
Brazil participated in the Versailles Treaty with three delegates

Disadvantages Of Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was an explorer, navigator, and survivalist who was born and raised in Italy
as the eldest son to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa. Columbus went on many
explorations, but his most famous was his exploration to the new world. For this exploration
Columbus managed to convince the Spanish monarchs, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella, to
hire an Italian explorer to work for the Spanish government. There are many advantages and
disadvantages to hiring an explorer from a different country. These advantages and disadvantages
Christopher Columbus used to convince the king and queen that it was a good idea for them to send
Columbus instead of a spaniard. Christopher Columbus, being Italian, was a good choice ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The names of his ships for the voyage were La Pinta meaning "the prostitute", Santa Clara
nicknamed the Niña After the owner of the ship (Juan Niño), and the Santa Maria. Unfortunately,
the Santa Maria crashed on the first voyage and Columbus had to ride back to Spain aboard the
Niña.
The voyages Christopher Columbus took to the New World in the late 1400s and early 1500s were
supposed to find a different trade route to India. Spain had a large interest in trading with India, so
Columbus was going to be an enormous help to the country. Columbus believed that there was a
shorter route to reach the goal of India. Columbus was a believer in the fact that the world is round,
and he thought that if you went across the Atlantic Ocean you would find a direct water way to Asia.
Even though Columbus believed the world was round, he still did not know how large the world was
and underestimated the size. Instead of landing in India, Columbus landed upon the Americas.
Columbus, at the time, did not realize that he did not make it to India, so when he saw the Native
Americans, he called them Indians. Columbus, even though he did not make it to India, still brought
information to Spain. Spain, at the time of the voyage was not a very rich country compared to the
other powers of the world and by

Bartolomeu Dias Research Paper
The Renaissance inspired exploration because it made people want to search for new routes to
receive certain goods that were hard and expensive to find. The Renaissance was a time of growth
and new inventions and new philosophies (History Channel). Bartolomeu Dias is a Portuguese
explorer. He was born in the year 1450. Unfortunately, he died at the age 50 due to terrible weather
conditions during one of his vogues. During his time of life, he was the first one to "sail the southern
tip of Africa" (History Channel). His discovery was called the Cape of Good Hope on March 12,
1488 (History Channel). Bartolomeu Dias impacted Europe and Asia. This allowed Continents to
trade goods to and from each other. Bartolomeu Dias sailed from Europe to Asia. ... Show more
"Bartolomeu Dias became the first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa, opening
the way for a sea route from Europe to Asia" (History Channel). This allowed new trade to come
into Portugal that others never had before. He was the first one to find a sea route to help others.
This was a big step in history for everyone in Europe and Asia. Bartolomeu Dias "opened
opportunities for a new trade route to India" (Mariners Museum). These opportunities were spices
which were expensive values that in Portugal they did not have before. Bartolomeu Dias helped his
whole country and others to transport goods. This lead Portugal to receive new goods and expand
their culture and

Spanish Edict Of Expulsion
The history of the Jewish people in Spain is certainly a pivotal time period that changed the future of
the Jews and specifically, the Sephardic Jews. At the time of the issuing and signing of the Edict of
Expulsion on March 31, 1492, Spanish Jews were experiencing the most persecution that had been
felt in the many centuries of which the Jews had been in Spain. Spanish Jewry came to a dramatic
end after almost a millennium of Jewish presence in the country. Spanish Jewry's golden age,
however, the Jews experienced almost no persecution, resulting in a new centre of Talmudic study,
before suffering from a relapse of anti–Semitism that eventually led to the Inquisition and the Edict
of Expulsion. (SOURCE 1) This essay will discuss and analyze ... Show more content on
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For the Jews, it was almost impossible to maintain any sliver of wealth that they had in Spain, since
Jews were forbidden to leave Spain with gold, silver or any other precious metals. As a result, only
their must prized or important possessions could be taken to their new home, as they were
physically restricted for what they could take. A delegation of influential Jewish people including
the Chief Rabbi of Castile, Abraham Senior and Issac Abarbanel, a financial adviser to the state
appeared before Ferdinand and Isabella as a last–ditch effort to save Spanish Jewry and cancel the
Edict of Expulsion. The delegation presented the catholic monarchs with a bag of gold to support
their argument, however, Ferdinand and Isabella remained unchanged in respects to the Edict. The
Jews began searching for their new homes, and most Jews, unwilling to embark on a long voyage to
a different region of the world, sought to immigrate to Portugal, just west of Spain on the Iberian
Peninsula. (SOURCE 8) A delegation of Jews approached the King of Portugal, John II, and
presented him with a large sum of money for the permanent admission of affluent Jews into Portugal
as well as a temporary home for poor Spanish Jews. (SOURCE 9) Shortly after, the Jews once again
had to look for a new home after Manoel I, the new king of Portugal expelled the Jews from the
country as a compliance with the daughter of Queen

How Did Isabella I Build A Country
Isabella I of Castile's Life During the late middle ages to the r enaissance, Isabella I of Castile was a
powerful queen of Spain. Have you ever thought of what it would be like to reconstruct a country?
Studying this important historical figure, I had uncovered many important and interesting facts
about Isabella I of Castile. During her reign, she brought stability to her empire as she decreased
nobles' power. Queen Isabella I of Castile formed the most powerful empire in Europe, ambitiously
ruled her empire, and devoted herself to Christianity. Isabella I was born in April 22, 1451 into the
royal family of John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal in the town of Madgrigal de las Altas
Torres. After Isabella I's father died in 1454, her mother, Isabella of Portugal, raised her. She had
blonde hair with auburn and chestnut hues and a light skin tone which was unusual because most
Spanish ladies had dark hair and olive skin tone. She had medium height for her era. Isabella I was a
kind, intelligent and ambitious woman. When she was younger, she was tutored by monks in poetry,
music, philosophy, sewing and horseback riding. She grew up regretted her absence of schooling so
she learned Latin as a middle–aged woman. Isabella I fought for the throne until her half–brother,
King Henry IV died in 1474. Then she claimed the throne and ... Show more content on
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She demanded meetings with her officials at 6 AM in the morning. Isabella I would never excuse
tardiness from any of her officials and would give precise instructions for war. She even went to
battle with her soldiers to observe and plan the next attack. As a result of going to battle with her
soldiers while pregnant, she had few miscarriages. She also helped her husband, Ferdinand, rule
Aragon. This would enable them to unite Spain for the first time in 800 years because of her skill to
guide and make Spain a great country. Her ambitious leadership made her a powerful ruler of her

The Journey Columbus By Christopher Columbus
The Journey Columbus's Finding Developed Through the Uncovering of San Salvador in 1492
Christopher Columbus's adventitious finding of San Salvador led to the initial European "discovery"
of the New World. Columbus, an Italian explorer, attempted to sail west from Spain to India, funded
by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile (Christopher Columbus's
Exploration). He sailed west using three boats: the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria (Christopher
Columbus the Italian Explorer). They reached the island of Guanahani in the Bahamas, but were
unaware that they had landed in the Americas (Christopher Columbus the Italian Explorer).
Christopher Columbus's voyage funded by the king and queen of Spain, led to the finding of ...
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Columbus was the captain of the Santa Maria, Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the captain of the Niña,
which was the smallest and Columbus's most favorite ship, and Martin Alonso Pinzon was the
captain of the Pinta (Columbus and the Brothers Pinzon). After sailing more than three thousand
miles, they finally reached Guanahani on October 12, 1492, after thirty–six days of sailing west
(Dyson 164). As soon as they landed, Columbus claimed the land for Spain, and named it San
Salvador which means Holy Spirit, acknowledging that God's guidance and will led them to the
Indies (Christopher Columbus the Italian Explorer). Also at this time, the Tainos greeted them
kindly, and some even swam miles offshore to meet them as they were approaching (Dyson 162).
The Tainos believed that the newcomers came from the heavens after seeing their clothing,
weaponry, and boats, and as it was their custom, they treated the strangers with the utmost respect
and with friendliness (Dyson 162). The natives gave the travelers food, water, and gifts to exhibit
their peacefulness and camaraderie. Columbus perceived their hospitality, and began trading with
them which the Tainos recognized as the principle of reciprocity (Wadsworth Cengage Learning 5).
They believed that the travelers were trading to exchange ideas and goods to further advance their
own society, and not to accumulate profit or power at the natives expense (Wadsworth Cengage
Learning 5). He called the

Bartolomeu Dias Impact In The Age Of Exploration
"History cannot give us a program for the future, but it can give us a fuller understanding of
ourselves, and of our common humanity, so that we can better face the future" Robert Penn Warren.
What is the true meaning of history? History started even before we were born, it started since God
created the universe. History has been on this universe for now about billions of years. Many events
happened, such as Renaissance, The Golden Age, Age of the Dinosaurs, World War I and II, and
others. This essay will talk about important people who had made a great influence and impact in
The Age of Exploration Bartolomeu Dias was born on 1450 in Algarve, Kingdom of Portugal. He
was a Portuguese explorer who had led the first voyage to reach the southern tip of Africa and he
opened the doors for seafaring trade with India. Bartolomeu Dias was born to a noble Portuguese
family; therefore he had received a really good education. He had worked for the King of Portugal
in the royal warehouses for a while. He had made plans and preparations over 10 months for ...
He developed a desire to learn about the Muslims, primarily in hopes of conquering them and
spreading Christianity. And he became aware of Africa's many resources, which he hoped to exploit
for Portugal's gain. Henry has the dubious distinction of being a founder of the Atlantic slave trade.
He sponsored Nuno Tristao's exploration of the African coast, and Antao Goncalves's hunting
expedition there in 1441. One of the captured guys was a chief. He negotiated his own return to
Africa, promising in exchange to provide the Portuguese people with more Africans. After some
years, Portugal was really involved in the slave trade. Prince Henry died on November 13, 1460. By
the time of his death, Portuguese explorers and traders had advanced as far as the, then Vasco de
Gama sailed around Africa to complete the expedition to

Research Paper On Vasco Da Gama
Vasco Da Gama, the Valiant Navigator Have you ever wondered who God appointed to sail four
times farther than Christopher Columbus on his first official expedition and became one the the most
superb navigators of all time? Around 1497, Vasco da Gama, who was raised near the Atlantic
Ocean, was chosen by the King of Portugal to lead an over 24,000 mile expedition, which would
establish a direct open water and spice trade route from Portugal to India. Making Portugal a
dominate power in politics, trade and colonization, Vasco da Gama finished what Bartolomeu Dias
started, and valiantly accomplished what Christopher Columbus could not. Beginning his life in
southern Portugal, near Lisbon, Vasco da Gama was captivated by ... Show more content on
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Many European countries sent explorers to discover a new sea route to the East Indies, which were
abundant with spices and valuable trading items. Vasco da Gama had made many brave
accomplishments. On November 22, 1497 he rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Da Gama's first
route took him closer to South America, but he had to go out that far to avoid the trouble of the
coast. Unexpectedly, the first Portuguese sailors experienced stormy weather, strong winds, and
massive currents closer to Africa. Da Gama shortened time of the trip by increasing the miles in
order to avoid potential hazardous disasters of the coast. By going so far out from the coast, Vasco's
crew sailed the longest voyage, which covered four thousand miles before the winds blew them back
to Africa just north of the Cape of Good Hope. After setting sail once again, Vasco went so far west,
that he was only six hundred miles away from South America. On November 4th, after ninety–six
days in open seas, da Gama reached the Cape of Good Hope in half the time as Dias. Da Gama's
stop in Africa, on the second half of his voyage, showed him the real life of the African people.
Many were friendly. The differences between them were met with delight, trading, music, and
dancing. Although, in the end, the Africans refused to help and destroyed the stone markers (called
Padroes) and desecrated sacred crosses, which da Gama left to mark his route and claim territory for
Portuguese trading posts. A few days later da Gama stopped in Mossel Bay to leave the supply ship
behind, because it wasn't needed any more. After Mossel Bay, da Gama took a stop in Mozambique
to recover and trade with the natives as well as build another Padroes. While da Gama was in
Mozambique, he saw the most amazing riches from India. One sailor wrote in his diary that Arab
ships were "laden with gold, silver, cloves, pepper, ginger, pearls, jewels, and rubies... all of which
were used

Isabella Of Aragon
Isabella of Castile was one of the most accomplished queens Spain has ever seen, but how did it all
begin? How did someone dubbed "Isabella the Catholic" (Lewis, 2015) become so dedicated to her
religion? And how did she become her brother's heir when he himself had a daughter? Her
childhood, her journey to become heir, and her marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon will all be
discussed. Most of the information was found in The Queen's Vow: A novel of Isabella of Castile by
C.W. Gortner and fact checked using various websites.
Isabella of Castile was born on April 22, 1451 to John II and Isabella of Portugal. At the age of
three, Isabella lost her father. As her half–brother Henry IV ascended to the throne, Isabella, her
mother and younger brother ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her first betrothal was at the age of six to Ferdinand, the young son of John II of Naverre. Henry
and John forged this promise of a marriage to solidify their alliance. Soon though, the betrothal fell
through as John became more powerful and no longer needed the protection Henry could offer.
Henry then tried multiple times to marry off Isabella to form a strong political alliance and/or to rid
her from the line of ascension to the throne. Some of the marriage possibilities he tried to arrange
were to Charles of Viana, Ferdinand's elder brother, but his father was against the marriage as he
still wished for a union between Ferdinand, his favorite, and Isabella (Solsten & Meditz, 1988); to
his brother–in–law, Alfonso V of Portugal, to strengthen their alliance even more, but Isabella
refused; and to Pedro Girón Acuña Pacheco to settle a civil war, but he died on his way to court
(which Isabella was not very upset about as she did not wish to marry him, it would have for her
country). Henry did not approve of a marriage between Isabella and Ferdinand, but Isabella was
determined to marry him. Due to them being second–cousins, Isabella and Ferdinand had to get a
dispensation from the Pope. Once that was retained, they met secretly on October 19, 1469 (Lewis,
2015) and immediately exchanged

Significance Of The Voyage Of Barlomeu Dias
Voyage of Bartolomeu Dias The Voyage of Bartolomeu Dias is an event or travel that was lead by
the famous Portuguese navigator/sailer, Bartolomeu Dias. It took place during the 15th century from
1487–1488. The voyage lead to the discovery of a sea route that leads to Asia, the Atlantic and
Indian ocean. This massive discovery by Bartolomeu Dias has yet an impact to the ancient and
modern world today, making trade much easier leading to its expansion and enhancement.
Content:
Biography Of Bartolomeu Dias
Causes that led to the expedition
Transportation
Description of the Voyage
Difficulties encountered
Historical Significance
Biography
Early Life:
This voyage was lead by the one and only Bartolomeu Dias. Bartolomeu Dias is a famous
Portuguese explorer/navigator born on 1450. He now considered to be the greatest of the Portuguese
pioneers. This is because of his famous discovery of a sea route that lead to Asia, the Atlantic and
Indian ocean. He was born into an aristocratic family in Lisbon. His father was a cavalier in the
royal court in Portugal that came from a rich and Nobel family. His father's position lead to the well
educated matter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With such devastation and failure of not really discovering or finding anything, Bartolomeu Dias felt
terrible. Although with such luck, on their way back to Portugal, Dias discovered the Cape of Good
Hope near the southern tip of Africa. He originally named it the Cape of Storms due to all the
violent storms in the area, but king John then renamed it to the Cape of Good Hope. After Dias's
massive discovery, he returned to Portugal in December, 1488. Due to Dias's brilliant discovery, he
was later on employed to go on another voyage. A month later, Bartolomeu Dias unfortunately
passed away due to a ship wreck at sea near the Cape of Good Hope during a storm.

Queen Isabella Of Spain
Queen isabella Isabella I was born on April 22, 1451 in the town of Madrigal de las Altas Torres.
She died on November 26, 1504 in the castle of La Mota. She is often referred to as "La Católica"
(the Catholic) a "title" given to her by the Spanish Pope, Alexander VI. This is a title that the Kings
and Queens of Spain still retain. She was the daughter of John II, King of Castile and his second
wife, Isabella of Portugal. Her father died when she was three and her older brother became King
Henry IV. The Spanish nobles had become very powerful during the reign of John II. They did not
wish to have Henry as their king. They felt that he was not very smart and would not be a good
leader. They hoped to make Isabella's other brother,

Vasco Da Gama Research Paper
Vasco da Gama During the 15th century, venturing into the sea was treacherous. The uncharted
waters contained violent storms, hideous sea monsters with thirteen arms, and most importantly, the
crew could die from scurvy. However, due to Vasco da Gama's raw courage and undaunted
personality, the Portugal's long awaited journey trade route to India was accomplished as well as the
spread of Christianity. Although the exact date was unknown, Vasco da Gama was welcomed into
the world in around 1460 in Sines, Portugal. Vasco was the third son of Estevao da Gama and Dona
Isabel Sodre. The da Gama family were minor aristocrats, and Vasco's father, Estevao da Gama, was
the captain of the fortress at Sines. Even though his father and his grandfather were soldiers, Vasco
da Gama's interest was the sea. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nevertheless, Bartolomeu accomplished a trip where he rounded the Cape of Good Hope, which is
the southern tip of Africa. In 1495, King John II passed away six years after Bartolomeu Dias's
achievement, and the late king's cousin, Manuel I, took power. Even though Manuel was only
twenty–four years old, he wanted to expand Portugal's trade routes. Instead of Bartolomeu Dias
taking the honor of the captain of the fleet, Manuel surprisingly chose the thirty–seven–year–old da
Gama. "According to Gaspar Correa, an eyewitness that was in court that day described how
Manuel chose da Gama that day as the captain of the fleet. "One day the king, sitting in his hall of
business at a table with his officers, giving orders, by chance... raised his eyes, and Vasco da Gama
happened to cross through the hall... The king, setting eyes upon him... was transported [entranced]"
(Calvert 12). "Upon choosing da Gama, King Manuel told da Gama, "My heart tells me that my
desire will be accomplished by you...[and] to you alone, I give command"(Calvert

The Importance Of The Age Of Discovery
Portugal is known for initiating the Age of Discovery. They played an important role in exploration.
Many new lands were discovered, boosting trade, power, and wealth, during the Age of Discovery.
Early exploration began in the late 1300s and early 1400s under Prince Henry, aka the Navigator.
One key factor that led to Portugal's power was Ceuta, a major port city in north Africa, that
controlled ships entering and exiting the Mediterranean Sea. King John I, Henry's father, conquered
the city after being encouraged by Henry. On an early morning on August 21, 1415, King John I,
along with his sons, led an army to Playa San Amaro, a beach in Ceuta. They sieged the garrison and
took the Ceuta by nightfall. They went on taking four more islands off the northwest coast of Africa,
in which they explored and colonized.
In 1431, the Azores were discovered and colonized. In 1443, the Bay of Arguin was colonized, and
later, the Portuguese constructed a fort. By 1462, the Portuguese had explored the coast of Africa as
far as present day Sierra Leone These colonies produced extozic trade goods, such as wine, spices,
ivory, gold, and herbs, making the Portigal not only wealthy but also powerful. In 1498, the Cape of
Good Hope was discovered, but Henry never lived to see this great discovery. He died at the age of
66 in 1460. His legacy lived on. Henry's navigation and discoveries officially began the Age of
Discovery, and it was not long before other European nations joined.
Diogo

Isabella Of Spain Research Paper
Isabella of Castile was born on April 22, 1451 to John II and Isabella of Portugal. At the age of
three, Isabella lost her father. As her half–brother Henry IV ascended to the throne, with her mother
and younger brother Alfonso, she moved to Arévalo. The living conditions in her new home were
dreadful. This was due to Henry not abiding to his father's wishes to provide for his wife and
children after he past. Regardless of the money shortages and cold,damp living space, Isabella's
mother took it upon herself to instill a strong reverence of the Catholic faith into her daughter. Seven
years went by and Isabella and Alfonso were brought to court in Segovia for the birth of their half–
niece, Joanna. There, Isabella became part of the Queen's

Ferdinand, Isabella, One King Ferdinand And Isabella
Frank Colletta
Mr. Hoffman
Global 1–R
12/09/17
One King, one Queen, otherwise known as Ferdinand and Isabella. Ferdinand and Isabella were
cousins. Later on in 1469 they became husband and wife. Isabella became the quartermaster and
financier (isabellaqueenofspain.wordpress.com), while Ferdinand was the leader of the army.
Together they expanded and ruled the Spanish Empire. (spainthenandnow.com). Isabella was born
on April 27, 1451. She was born in a city of Madrigal and raised Catholic. Her mother's name was
also Isabella. Her mother was the Princess of Portugal. King John II, of Castile, was her father.
Isabella never really knew her father as he died when she was only four years old. Isabella was well
educated and from a very young age was taught she could achieve great things. When King John II
died, he left the Kingdom of Castile to Isabella's step brother Henry. (Bucklin). Later when Isabella's
brother died, she had to fight to become ruler of Castile against her Niece Juana who tried to take
over the throne. Ferdinand would help her in the war to succeed her step brother and take over as
ruler (Azcona).
Isabella's cousin, also known as her husband, Ferdinand, was born in 1451. His father was King
John II of Aragon and his mom was Juana Enríquez of Castile. They were both of Castilian origin.
Unlike Isabella, he had a father figure and would succeed his father as King of Aragon. From his
father he learned integrity, courage and reserve. Ferdinand was raised by his parents to become a
king and a devout Catholic. (ferdinandandisabella.weebly.com) He became known as Ferdinand the
Catholic (Azcona). In 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella were married. The marriage was really an
arrangement for purposes of taking control of Spain. Their union would bring about
accomplishments that would go down in history. The first main accomplishment was that they
unified Spain. Their marriage unified the regions of Castile and Aragon. Before Ferdinand and
Isabella took over, Spain was separated and confused. (ferdinandandisabella.weebly.com) The
couple would share equal ruling power. As time went on, their combined forces would make Spain
into a strong world power. (history.com).

Spain and Portugal conquered the Americas,
In this paper we will be talking about how Spain and Portugal conquered the Americas, their
relationship between the economy, their education system, and their present day relationship.
Throughout the paper you will start to realize that Spain and Portugal are very similar countries,
maybe due to the fact that they're both European counties. They have the same educational system,
and government system. Spain and Portugal have a long history; they go all the way back to the1492
.Which is when Columbus first started his voyage to explore the West, which ended up in an
argument over the land. Spain and Portugal worked as a team to conquer the Americas. In today's
world Portugal and Spain work together when it comes to drug trafficking and ... Show more
The king of Portugal, John II was not happy with the division. John II, felt that the Portuguese
interest in the South Atlantic where being jeopardized. Therefore he negotiated a treaty with
Ferdinand and Isabella, 930 miles, known as 270 leagues back in the day, farther to the west. This
treaty was known as the Treat of Tordesilla.
However that did not stop Columbus from continuing to discover. Shortly after, 1493, Columbus
returned to the Hispaniola along with 17 ships and 1200 colonists. Three years later, 1496, he
returned to Spain to report his new discoveries and respond to the charges brought upon him by the
colonists. Two years later in 1498 Columbus returned on a third voyage in which he explored the
area off the north coast of South America. He discovered the island of Trinidad and the mouth of the
Orinoco River. When he went to Hispaniola he found the colony in chaos, the colonists' revolt
against him. Due to that king Ferdinand appointed a new governor for the colony, Francisco de
Bobadilla. Bobadilla arrested Columbus and sent him in chains back to Spain.
Portugal's population is 10.7 million. Their unemployment rate is currently at 15.9%. Portugal is
currently in a deep recession. In May 2011, Portugal accepted a €78billion (euro), $103billion
(dollar), united European Union–International Monetary Fund plan. Portugal's

What Is The Treaty Of Tordesillas?
Treaty of Tordesillas
Have you ever questioned why the Latin American nations are Spanish speaking areas, or why
Brazil mainly speaks Portuguese? This treaty affected the ways of discovery between the two
"superpowers" of the 15th century. Spain and Portugal had problems with discovery involving each
other long before, there were papal bulls issued by the pope. The treaty was issued by the leaders of
Spain and Portugal on July 2, 1494, by Isabel of Castile and September 5 King John II of Portugal.
We will be looking at why the treaty was created, how it affected the people of that time, and how it
still affects us. On July 7, 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas was known across the Spain and Portugal
region as the first international modern era ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Brazil a huge percent of it speaks Portuguese, this is also seen in Latin American nations, but
instead, they speak Spanish. This all happened because of the Treaty of Tordesillas, and the people
who followed its rules. Portugal colonized Brazil, and Spain the New World, making Portuguese and
Spanish one of the lead speaking languages in the world today. The agreement made by King John II
of Portugal and Isabel of Castile has made this world the way it is. Looking back on the Treaty of
Tordesillas has shown why it was created and how it affected people back then and today. This
treaty started the modern era of discovery, making discovery and colonization know. The Treaty of
Tordesillas has not only shown itself to be important to the world today but to the people back then.
This happened because Spain and Portugal wanted to expand and colonize the

French Revolution Latin America Essay
The French Revolution had a tremendous impact in America, particularly in Latin America. In the
19th century, Latin America had major movements for independence from European rule. The
revolutions in Latin America were attempts to rid themselves of control from the powers of Spain
and Portugal. The great works during the Enlightenment and revolutions in other countries
circulated in Latin America. When Napoleon decided to invade Portugal and Spain in 1807 and
1808, Latin American people began to question the legitimacy of the colonial official's authority and
began their attempt to strive for independence from Europe. Two important revolutions that lead to
independence from Europe was that in South America and Brazil.
The creoles in Spanish

Pedro Alvares Cabral Research Paper
Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese explorer that led the second expedition to India. Along the
way, his crew had discovered what we now know today as Brazil. The story of how he discovered
Brazil is very interesting. It all started when Cabral landed on an unknown island while leading an
expedition to India.
Pedro Alvares Cabral was born around 1467 or 1468. He was born in the village of Belmont,
Portugal. He was born as a member of a royal Portuguese court of King Manuel I and King John II.
By some people, he was called Pero. Cabral's parents are Fernão Alvares and Isabel de Gouveia. He
was sent to serve at the Portuguese court at age 17. He rapidly rose in the esteem of the two
monarchs that he served.
During the years that Pedro Alvares Cabral was helping and working with the court, new
expeditions occurred that opened up ocean routes between Europe and Asia. In 1488, Bartolomeu
Dias had discovered the Cape of Good Hope and in 1498, Vasco da Gama had reached India. In
September of 1498, Vasco da Gama returned to Portugal. Meanwhile, King John II wanted to take
advantage of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In June 1494, after Christopher Columbus came back from his expedition, the Treaty of Tordesillas
was signed by Spain and Portugal. The discoveries between these two cultures had to be divided so
the Treaty of Tordesillas was the tool to make that divisions happen. Although, not only did it divide
the discoveries from Spain and the discoveries from Portugal, this treaty also divided the whole
world in half. What happened was that Spain took the Americas and the Portuguese took over Africa
and Asia. The dividing line was actually set at a point that was 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde
Islands, the new islands discovered by Vasco de Gama right before Pedro Alvarez Cabral set sail for

Christopher Columbus And The New World
In the 1400's the competition between European empires was at a high. Trying to find routes to Asia
and the Indies was a big priority for these countries. These far, exotic lands carried gold, spices, and
jewels that sold quite pricey and were highly demanded by the royals and the nobles. Many sailors
at this time tried to find new routes to these places to get there faster, but Christopher Columbus had
a completely new and perilous way to get to the East Indies. Christopher Columbus suffered many
lengthy years trying to obtain approval of royals around Europe, but finally Spain agreed after being
rejected once before by the Spanish. In 1492, Christopher Columbus made his first of many
consequential voyages to the New World with the help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Years later, Columbus started navigating around the Mediterranean. One day while sailing, he was
attacked by pirates while out on his daily journeys. He hung onto a piece of wood floating in the
water and swam until he found land. He finally saw land and turned out that this land was Portugal.
His brother lived in Portugal and introduced Columbus to Felipa, a Portuguese beauty, that he later
married and had one child with named Diego. Felipa died only a year later of serious illness leaving
Columbus and his young son Diego alone. While he was in Portugal, Columbus was a merchant, but
he had greater ideas. He wanted to find a completely new way to the Indies. A fast, better way. This
route would go across the Atlantic Ocean, which back then was just a big, intimidating ocean that no
sailor dared to cross. Contrary to popular belief, the Earth was known to be round, only the
uneducated believed it to be flat and if you travelled too far, you'd fall of the edge of the world.
Columbus decided that Japan– he knew it as Cipangu– was a mere 5,000–mile voyage west of
Portugal, over an ocean covering a round Earth. He believed that if you kept going West, you would
eventually get to the Indies and that is the theory he stuck with throughout his voyage and life.
Christopher Columbus went to King John II of Portugal to seek a fund and support for his voyage,
but was

Imperialism Dbq
Imperialism is when one country that is larger than others take over small countries for their land
and natural resources. The most influential factor that caused conflicts associated with imperialism
was economic because European nations wanted to demonstrate their power and prestige to the
world. They were forced to acquire new colonies, and be known as "economically–well developed
country". As the world approached 20th century, several powers grew desperate for more land and
more control. In 1870s, the Belgian king Leopold sent emissaries to establish trade with native
Africans in the Congo. This single act began a flurry of imperialistic activity as the other nations of
Europe, Germany, Spain, Portugal, etc.. Many things, positive and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Even though trade between nations grew greatly and a world economy developed, it "created bitter
rivalries among the imperial powers and hatred among the colonized people." From Doc. #5 (A
Place in the Sun), says "In spite of the fact that we have no such flect as we should have, we have
conquered for ourselves a place in the sun." This reveals that Germans were encouraged to take part
in Imperialism. It demonstrates how Germany wanted to keep its empire economically and
politically growing, in order to compete with other nations. We could also look at Doc. #6 (Letter to
SIr George Grey), announces "I know that you have followed with interest the transactions with
interest....by your excellency's meditation." This is important because it shows that Moshweshewe
request for peace to Sir George Grey, due to situation that Moshweshewe and his tribe has been put
into by the invasive Boers and other high–ranking British officials, asking for help to stop their
unfair territorial advances.
Imperialism has definitely played a key role in the formation of the modern world, and economic
was the most important and essential part of it. The "New Imperialism" in Africa has proven both
destructive and creative. And also has destroyed traditional institutions and ways of thinking, has
replaced them with the habits and mentality of the western world. The Age of Imperialism was an
unforgettable period of time in the history, people wanted

Christopher Columbus Research Paper
Christopher Columbus was an important explorer in history. Christopher Columbus is known by
many people today and even has a capital, Columbus, Ohio, named after him. He was important in
our history for the discovery of the "New World". Christopher Columbus is known for certain
accomplishments, but most people do not know his background, most of his accomplishments, and
legacy. Although little is known about Christopher Columbus historian have inferred and determined
some evidence about his life. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. He was born in 1451.
Columbus grew up with 4 siblings and they were all older than him. His father was a wool weaver.
Christopher Columbus had little school–based education. He became an apprentice at ... Show more
On this voyage, Christopher Columbus explored the east coast of Central America, Honduras,
Panama, etc. He also had many interactions with natives and learned of a strait that connected the
Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean from a native in Panama. Columbus never found the strait but
did make the thought a rumor that would further exploration in these regions of the world.
Therefore, another accomplishment of Christopher Columbus would be his exploration of Central
America and him finding out about a strait that connected the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
In Columbus' later years, he reached Spain after his fourth and final voyage in 1504. In 1506, two
years after he had arrived in Spain, Columbus died on May 20, 1506. He died from Congestive
Heart Failure. His body was moved multiple time for many different reasons but his bones were
official discovered at Santo Domingo, Dominican

How Did The Treaty Of Todesilla Change The World
Does the Treaty of Tordesillas change the world? The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the "New World"
into land, resources, and people claimed by Spain and Portugal. Pope Alexander VI issued and
official order which divided the "New World" lands between Spain and Portugal. A north–south line
of separation would be placed west of the Cape Verde Islands. The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed
on June 7, 1494 and authenticated at Setubal, Portugal.
In the town of Tordesillas in 1494, representatives of Portugal and Spain came to a negotiated
agreement to their dispute. The separating line was moved 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde
Islands. Even though Portugal gained a larger part of South America, Spain got control of most of
the "New World".
In 1506, the agreement was officially recognized by Pope Alexander. Spain and Portugal, with a few
concessions, both countries remained loyal to the treaty. Portugal expanded into Brazil crossing the
line separating the two countries, but Spain did not oppose. The natives of these regions were not
consulted about the assignment of their homelands to others and competing powers in Europe totally
ignored the line. This treaty ignored future claims of the French and British, the other superpowers
of Europe at the time. The British, Russian, and French empires did not take any parts of the
Americas for several years following the Treaty of Tordesillas. The Treaty of Tordesillas ignored the
millions of people that inhabited and established communities in the Americas. The treaty agreed
that "lands with a "Christian king" would not be colonized". "Christianity had not spread to the
Americas, and the resulting colonization proved disastrous for indigenous cultures such as the Inca,
Taino, Aztec, Tupi, and thousands of other bands throughout the Americas".
The Treaty of Tordesillas' was to solve the disagreement that had been created after Christopher
Columbus and his crew sailed for the Crown of Castile. When Christopher was heading back to
Spain, his first stop was Lisbon, in Portugal. He asked for a meeting with King John II to discuss the
discovered lands. After the Portuguese were informed about Columbus' voyage, the King threatened
the Catholic Monarchs with the Treaty of

The Conquest Of Brazil Essay
Before their independence, Brazil was under the rule of the Portuguese empire from the 16th century
to the 19th century. The land was claimed in the name of the Kingdom of Portugal by the Spanish
navigator Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, and was named Terra de Vera Cruz in 1500. The name changed in
1501 after an Italian navigator named Amerigo Vespucci brought a red wood known as brazilwood
to the land. The general area has been known as Brazil ever since.
Colonization started in 1530 by the orders of Portuguese king John III. Each of the 15 sections
Brazil was divided into was given to a prominent member of Portuguese Court. After King John III,
Portuguese leadership fell to Philip II of Spain. Both the English and the Dutch were considered to
be Spain's inherent enemies, so both nations attempted several attacks on Brazil. They suffered
primarily attacks from the Dutch to take over their land from 1624 to 1640 until Spanish rule was
overridden by Portugal and made into a viceroyalty.
Brazil began its interest in independence when Cisplatine Province, later known as Uruguay, fought
with the help of Argentina to overthrow Britain's control. Brazil attempted to assist in the revolution
to no avail. Brazil lost the battle in 1827, but Cisplatine Province still managed to gain its ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After Prince John VI inherited the Portuguese crown and increasingly lost favor with the Brazilian
public, he designated his son, Dom Pedro, to be the regent of Brazil. With his help, the Brazilian
public was able to begin their fight for independence and their separation from Portugal. Dom Pedro
disobeyed his orders to return to Europe, and instead listened to Brazil's rise in nationalism and
assisted in their rebellion. The Portuguese surrendered in 1823, and Brazil began their difficult
journey to becoming their own

Motivation Of Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus had many categorical dreams and lots of hopes of finding his way westward
to the Indies. Christopher Columbus authentically had a ton of potential goals, but how was he going
to fortify his voyage financially? Columbus needed money, sturdy ships, staunch men, and supplies.
Christopher Columbus absolutely could not afford any of those things himself, so he desperately
probed for a funder to fortify his peregrination. Christopher Columbus espoused by Dona Felipa
from Portuguese. Because Christopher espoused a Portugal women, he genuinely automatically
thought they would mostly be marginally open and accepting to funding his voyage in a subtle way.
Christopher Columbus presented his orchestrations and intentions to the monarchs of Portugal.
According to the Religious Studies Center, "Christopher's major motive to sail to the Indies was to
spread Christianity." After all, Columbus essentially failed to authentically convince Portugal to
fortify his westward adventure, just as he failed to impress France and England additionally. Why
did they all astringently doubt and decline Christopher Columbus? In particular, I believe King John
II did not fortify Christopher because he mainly did not trust to take the jeopardy of losing money
and men. Conspicuously, Portugal did not confidently believe in Christopher Columbus becoming
prosperous by going on this long, nugatory journey, which was contrary to some skeptical notion of
others. Columbus left Portugal to

King Ferdinand II Of Aragon: Madrigalejo, Spain
King Ferdinand II of Aragon was born on March 10, 1452. He was born in Madrigalejo, Spain. His
father is John I of Aragon and his mother is Joanna Henriquez. He has an older stepbrother, Charles
IV of Viana. When Queen Blanche died in 1441, John I of Aragon dispossessed his son, Charles IV.
Around the same year of Fernand's birth, Charles attacked his father with french mercenaries at the
Battle of Oibar. Charles and the French mercenaries were defeated and captured and then released.
Charles fled to France and then to his relative, Alfonso V of Naples to ask for help to get his
birthright. Charles couldn't combine a lot forces together because he was poisoned in 1461. Queen
Isabella I was born on April 22, 1451. She was born in Madrigal de las ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When she was three years old, her father died, so her half brother, Henry IV was next in line and
took the throne. Her younger brother, Alfonso was next in line after Henry. Isabella was raised by
her mother until 1457 because Isabella and her brother were taken to court by Henry to keep them
from being used by nobles. The nobles tried to replace Henry with Alfonso but failed. In July, 1468,
Alfonso died of poisoning but historians think it was the plague that killed him. Afonso named
Isabella his successor. The nobles offered her the crown but she refused. On October 19, 1469,
Ferdinand was 17 years old and he married Isabella who was 18 years old. Isabella and Ferdinand
are cousins so they married in secret and needed a special papal dispensation which was a fake.
Ferdinand and Isabella had seven children but only five survived. Isabella's first child was a girl
named Isabella, born in 1470. The second child she had was a stillborn son in 1475. The third child
was John, Prince of Asturias or Juan, born in 1478. The fourth child was a girl named Juana, known
as "The Mad" born in 1479. The fifth child is a girl named Maria, born in

Christopher Columbus Research Paper
Christopher Columbus Voyages Columbus did not accept that the lands he had visited and claimed
for Spain were not part of Between 1492 and 1503 Columbus did four round trip voyages between
Spain and the Americas, all of them under the sponsorship of the Crown of Castile. These voyages
marked the beginning of the European exploration and colonization of the American continents.that
the lands that he visited during those voyages were part of the Asian continent, as said by Marco
Polo and other European travelers. In this part, why the American continent was named after the
Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci and not after Columbus.Columbus was born in 1451, in the
Republic of Genoa to the son of a weaver. Columbus first went to sea as a teenager, participating in
several trading voyages in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. One such voyage, to the island of
Khios, in modern day Greece, brought him the closest he would come to Asia.His first voyage into
the Atlantic Ocean in 1476 nearly cost him his life as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Empty handed, the elderly explorer returned to Spain, then he died in 1506.and the Dominican
Republic.he returned to On January 6, the Pinta arrived and the ships were reunited: they set out for
Spain on January 16. The ships arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, on March 4, returning to Spain shortly
thereafter. Little is known of Columbus's early life. The majority of scholars, citing Columbus's
testament of 1498 and documents from Genoa and savona, believe that he was born in genoa to a
christian household; however, it has been claimed that he was a converted jew or that he was born in
spain,portugal, or elsewhere. Columbus was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a Genoese wool
worker and merchant, and Susanna Fontanarossa, his

Isabella 1 Informative Speech
Jade Dioguardi Jan. 26, 2016 period 8 Queen Isabella I Hello, my name is Queen Isabella I and i'm
going to tell you a little about me. I was born on the 22nd of April in 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas
Torres Spain. I am short with a stocky build, but a very fair complexion. My hair is a mix between a
strawberry blonde and red. I have 5 children Isabella Queen of Portugal, John Prince of Asturias,
Joanna Queen of Castile, Maria Queen of Portugal, And lastly Catherine Queen of England. I am
married to Ferdinand II King of Aragon. When I was born I was second in line to the throne after my
older brother Henry. Once my younger brother Alfonso was born in november of 1453, I was moved
to third in line to the throne. we suffered a shortage

Age Of Exploration : The Promise Of Glory
Age of Exploration:
The Promise of Glory
I have fully upheld Delbarton's honor code in letter and spirit.
Signature: Hunter Macy
Hunter Macy
October 19, 2015
European History
Mr. Manno
Delbarton School
The Age of Exploration, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, led to a myriad of expansion
for European countries, namely Spain and Portugal. The rush to the New World by Portugal and
Spain during the Age of Exploration, led by men such as Hernan Cortes, Christopher Columbus, and
Vasco da Gama, shaped the world of today. Although the Age of Exploration brought Spain and
Portugal vast amounts of wealth, it adversely affected the native populations by exposing them to
foreign European diseases, ones they had not built immunity to, such as the smallpox virus.
However, the native people were of no concern to the explorers and rulers of Portugal and Spain.
The catalyzing force of Europe's annexation of the Americas was their societal admiration of God,
glory, and gold; each country eager to gain more power through expansion of territory and collection
of wealth from undiscovered parts of the world.
Originating from Spain, Hernán Cortés led a groundbreaking expedition to the New World in search
of undiscovered lands to claim for Spain. His claim to fame, historically, was his conquering of
Aztec lands, located in modern day Mexico City. When Cortés originally arrived in Hispaniola, he
received numerous gifts, including a large estate and

Columbus Voyage To The Americas: The Treaty Of Torillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas showed that shortly after Columbus' voyage to the Americas, land
acquisition was a craze. Up until this point, the prosperity and population boom in Western Europe
made land a very competitive business. Because of this, any newly discovered land was very
quickly acquired, by whatever country happened to find it first. Before any more countries found out
about this new land, Spain and Portugal already began negotiations on how to divide up land they
weren't even sure existed. A combination of stormy weather and poor navigation resulted in the
Spanish employed Christopher Columbus landing in a Portuguese port. Upon learning of the newly
discovered land out west, Portuguese King John II, claimed that he wanted a line

Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan was born in 1480, in a stone farm house in Portugal. His father's name was
Dom Ruy Magellan, and his mother's name was Donha Alda De Mesquite. His father was a
Portuguese nobleman and owned a large amount of land. He was also a sheriff, an honorary position
awarded for distinguished service to the crown. Ferdinand's brother was named Diago De Sousa, a
name he took from his wealthy grandmother, his sister was named Isabel Magellan. His family
seemed to care about each other and respected one another. His family owned cows, sheep, hogs,
and goats and fields of wheat, rye, corn and vineyards full of grapes. Ferdinand and his brother and
sister had to help the tenants (people that rented and farmed the land), raise the ... Show more
Magellan was certain that he could find the Spice Islands by sailing west, and in 1508 he asked King
Charles I for some ships. King Charles I gave him five ships: the Trinidad, San Antonio, Victoria,
Conceptio, and the Santiago. In 1519 he set sail for the Spice Islands, first stopping at the Canary
Islands. His second stop was Rio De Janeiro, and they traded a lot with the natives there. Later on
they stopped at Rio De La Plata for supplies. When nearing the tip of South America, they looked
for a strait which connected the Atlantic Ocean with the South Ocean that had been seen by a sailor
in 1513. After they found the strait, some people wanted to turn back but Magellan was convinced
the Spice Islands were not much further. Once the other captains tried to take over all the ships, but
didn't succeed. One was killed but the others were put into hard labor. Magellan named the South
Ocean the Pacific Ocean because Pacific meant calm. A lot of men died of scurvy because there
wasn't enough fruit and vegetables. Success had made Magellan a very religious man, so he tried to
convert some Islanders to become Christian, and succeeded in turning a tribe Christian, but made a
fatal mistake by agreeing to help the tribe fight an enemy tribe. Magellan was killed in the fight
against the natives, and another man called Juan Sebastian finished the voyage and was given all the
credit for sailing around the world. Out of the five ships only two ships, the

New France Essay
In the sixteenth century, France's efforts to colonize North America was jeopardized by religious
conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants. The French were interested in fur trade; this
became the focal point of the economy and lead to the establishment of New France. The Company
of New France would be in authority of this settlement. Quebec would become the first French
settlement in Canada because of Samuel de Champlain's efforts. Ultimately, New France would
have about 15,000 residents by the 1700s.
The Dutch Republic began expanding in the seventeenth century. In 1602, the Dutch East India
Company competed with Portugal for control over Asian and slave trade; the 1621 West India
Company would be created. In 1624, the first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tobacco would become very important to the colonies. In 1606, the Virginia Company and the
Plymouth Company (joint–stock companies) were created to earn money for the colonization. In
1608, John Smith took leadership of the colony. In 1616, the headright system was introduced to
give land in exchange for migration to Virginia. John Rolfe married Pocahontas, the daughter of the
Indian tribe's Chief Powhatan in 1614. Pocahontas died in 1617 and Powhatan died in 1618. In
1624, King James made Virginia a royal colony.
Maryland was a proprietary colony owned by Calvert. When Calvert died, Protestants took over in
1634; they would also begin a headright system. Calvert passed the Act for Religious Freedom in
1640.
In 1607, Maine was colonized. Within the years of 1620 and 1640, six colonies were founded.
During this time, fighting among the Puritans, separatists, and Protestants began. The Pilgrims were
separatists who came to the Americas in 1620. The Massachusetts Bay Company received a royal
charter in 1629; Massachusetts was founded by Puritans and John Winthrop was the governor. Due
to the Pequot War in 1637, Connecticut would be given a royal charter in 1662 and become an
independent colony. Roger Williams would found Rhode Island in

Queen Isabella Of Spain
The life of a queen was not always elegant and luxurious as it represented in popular media, but
instead female monarchs were commonly oppressed to merely play the role of a political connection
between kingdoms. While queens were generally allowed more freedom than normal women, it still
took a high level of tenacity and dedication to overcome the many obstacles to achieve significant
accomplishments. The Kingdom of Castile during the mid–1400's unknowingly held a princess with
the potential to revolutionize the role and expectations of a queen, moreover, undertake an issue that
was ongoing for hundreds of years. Queen Isabella of Castile became the first queen in Europe to
exemplify what a female monarch was capable of producing in a positive ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Isabella was born on April 22, 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas Torres becoming the first child of John
II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal. While Isabella was the first child of John II and Isabella of
Portugal, John II had a son, Henry, from a previous marriage, making Isabella the second in line for
her father's throne until her younger brother, Alfonso, was born. When Isabella was just three years
old her father died, which made her older half–brother the new king of Castile, consequently
allowing the newly crowned Henry IV to isolate his stepmother and half–siblings in cities far away.
Henry IV, being the untrusting king that was disliked by his nobles that he was, thought it best to
have his half–siblings received from isolation to better monitor their actions. The nobles were
searching for better leadership, so they made a deal with Henry IV to make Alfonso his heir, which
would allow Henry to remain king while also setting up an improved situation for the nobles in the
future. Unfortunately, on July 5, 1468 Alfonso died, which caused speculation that he was poisoned
by Henry IV. Angrily, the nobles persuaded Henry to appoint Isabella as the new heir to the throne
of Castile on the condition that she only married with his

Early American Imperialism
This part of the story began, not in the Americas, nor in Europe, but in the Middle East. Carrying the
message of the new prophet Mohammed out of the Arabian Peninsula, Muslims began making
major inroads into western Asia and northern Africa in the seventh century, eventually encroaching
on Europe's southern and eastern frontiers. In 1095, Pope Urban II responded to a request for aid
from the Byzantine emperor, whose dominions were under attack by Muslim invaders, launching the
era of the Crusades. For two centuries, European–based Christians battled with Muslims in the Holy
Lands and elsewhere. For the elite classes who engaged in crusading, provincialism died away,
replaced by new information and contacts in the wider world. Soon Europeans would begin turning
this new knowledge and these new tools against the people from whom they were appropriated. ...
With the aid of crusaders, Portugal attained independence in 1147. By 1380 Portugal's King John I
had united that country's various principalities under his rule. In Spain, unification took much
longer, but in 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella, heirs to the rival thrones of Aragon and Castile, married
and forged a united Spanish state. Twenty–three years later, in 1492, the Spanish subdued the last
Moorish stronghold on the peninsula, completing the Reconquista. At the same time, other European
states were also waking up to new realities. Consolidation began in France in around 1480, when
Louis XI took control of five rival provinces to create a unified kingdom. Five years later in
England, Henry Tudor and the House of Lancaster defeated the rival House of York in the Wars of
the Roses, ending nearly a century of civil war. As in Spain and Portugal, the formation of unified
states in France and England opened the way to new expansive

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