This document provides details about a teaching manual for an 8th grade social science class on traditional agriculture in Kuttanad, Kerala. The summary is: 1. The class will focus on understanding traditional agriculture methods in Kuttanad, including cultivating specific rice varieties, using waterwheels to drain fields, and collecting pests in worm baskets. 2. Students will learn about the main occupations in Kuttanad through a PowerPoint presentation, including agriculture, fishing, goose rearing, shell collecting, transportation, and the coir industry. 3. The class will involve students identifying pictures of Kuttanad occupations and a follow up activity where they research and write about traditional K

1. Teaching Manual
Name Of The Teacher :Lijitha.T Standard : VIII.C
Name Of The School :N.S.S.G.H.S.Pandalam Strength :46
Subject : Social Science Period :6
Unit : Kuttanad the blackwaters Date : 19 /6/2014
and the life of the people
LessonPlan : Traditional Method of Agriculture in kuttanad
curricular
statement
content Analysis
place
Terms
facts
To understand the agricultural importance of kuttanad and a landscape of
Kerala. To understand the traditional
Method of agriculture in kuttanad.
Kuttanad,chegaknnur,Alappuzha,kottayam.
onnappanikkar,Velakkadam,wormbasket,kettuvallam,muttakkar.
1. kuttanad comprises the districts of pathanamthitta,kottayam and
Alappuzha.It comprises of seven taluks and 54 villages.
2.The cultivation was taking place once in two or three years.They were
cultivating only seeds of paddy like chambavu and karuthachara which
taketime to grow and harvest.
3.Elevated bunds were made to strengthen the borders of the field subjected
to water logging.
4. Later,water in the paddy field was drained.prior to the arrival of the present
pump sets,water wheels were used for draining.
5.They worked on the wheel for long hours and sometimes they had to work
day and night continuously to drain water from the paddy fields.In order to

2. Concept
avoid the monotony of operating the waterwheels they would singsongs.
6.Sprouted seeds were sown in this prepared paddy field.At a time when
pesticides were not used,pests were eliminated using different methods.
7.All the pests used to come and gather at the tip of the leaves.Then they
would be beaten with a broomstick and gathered in a basket called worm
basket.
8.The life of people developed through the continuous efforts they made to
make the land cultivable.
9.With the sincere cooperation and solidarity of the people in the construction
of bund and in draining of land, they could
make the land rich in agriculture.
10.Instead of materials,egg of chicken and goose were given in
exchange.caneoists who sold the goods were called "Muttakkar".
11.Both the rivers and canals were rich canals were rich in the availability of
fish. Fish is one of the essential edible items of kuttanad people.
12.Each and every family used to catch fish from their own ponds and canals.
This was also a source of income for the landlords.
13.The black soil of kuttanad is suitable for the cultivation to paddy. The
fertility of the soil was multipled by the organic waste brought by the rivers.
14.The janmi-kudyan(landlord-tenant) system was followed in kuttanad. The
lives of agricultural labourers who were toiling like slaves was always filled
with misery.
15.The janmi-kudiyan relation was based on caste system.Some specific tasks
in agriculture were called "onnappanikkar."
16.The agricultural labourers used to receive paddy and money in advance.
This practice was known as "velakkadam."
17.It was through vembanad lake for the transporting of the trade to
kochin,Alappuzha and Kayamkulam took place.
18.The commodities were sent to the trade centers through canoeists the
backwaters.
19.The transportation of commodities they were using "Kettuvallam" even
the household materials were brought through these
canoes,soap,Indigo,needless,glass,Knives and vessels were part of it.
20.Growing Duck in the swamp And canal was another occupation of the
kuttanad people.Once the harvest was over,these ducks were brought to the
paddy field.
21.in several places of kuttanad people used to tip into the canal to collect
shells.There are two types of shell in this area;white and black.
22.Immersing the coconut husk into the backwater soaking it to become soft
and then beating it nicely to make coir is also another occupation in this area.

3. Classroom Interaction Procedure Pupil Response
Activity 1 (introduction)
Teacher gets acquainted her children. First of all teacher tells.
what are the borderlines divided by kuttanad region. Teacher
explained
three divisions i.e. lower kuttanad comprises taluks of
Ambalapuzha, Kuttanad and northern half of the karithikapally
taluk in Alappuzhadistrict.Upper Kuttanad comprises of
edathua,talavadi,kidangara etc. Kuruttissery Budhanur ennakkad
villages in chengannur taluk of
Alappuzha district.Nedumpuram villages of Triuvalla taluk
western
parts of kottayam taluk and the western parts of chagancherry
taluk
in kottayam districts.Teacher you are interesting with song.
Student said that yes.Teacher singing the song
"Thiathoo thiathoo thyathoo
thayithey thyy thyy thiathoo
students answered three
divisions
pupil recall and recognize
pupil
pupil singing the song
Learning outcomes
Teaching Learning
Resources
Pre-Requisites
onappaikkar,Velakkadam,wormbasket Kettuvallam,Muttakkar.
1.Pupil acquires knowledge about kuttanad.
2.Pupil understand the specialties of kuttanad like traditional method of
agriculture.
3.Pupil acquire knowledge about main occupations of kuttanad region and
they try to know more information about other occupations of kuttanad people
with help of internet.
4.Students tries to apply different skills by various features of kuttanad. Pupil
also tries to make the model of waterwheels.
5.Pupil appreciate the beauty of kuttanad.
charts,Maps,Waterwheels.
Pupil got information about kuttanad through the newspaper, television,
radio.They got information from previous textbook also.

4. chakramonnu chavithntayya
Thayithey thyy thyy thiathoo."
After the song teacher ask what is the theme of this song.
Teacher asked this song what based in kuttanad. Students
answered this song based in agriculture.Then,this day they
are studied topic is "Traditional Method Of Agriculture In
kuttanad."
Activity ll (presentation)
What are the specialities of kuttanad especially agriculture.
Then disscuss about the traditional method of agriculture.The
cultivation was taking place once in two or three years.They
were cultivating only seeds of paddy like chambavu and
karuthacharawhich take time to grow and harvest.Prior to the
arrival of the present pumpsets,waterwheels were used for
draining sprouted seeds were sown in this paddyfield.When the
seed sprouted water level was made in such a way as to allow
the tip of the paddy leaves to be seen above the water level.
Then they would be beaten with a broomstick and gathered in a
basket called "worm basket". The agricultural labourers used to
receive paddy and money advance.This practicewas known as
'Velakkadam'. They were
depending mainly on canoes.for the transportation of
commodities they were using "kettuvallam" even the
households. Teacher show the paddy seed. That is seed, that was
grow with paddy.paddy cultivation was important one in
kuttanad.
Activity lll
Teacher show the PowerPoint presentation. Which
include the pictures of occupations
of kuttanand.The main occupations of agriculture,fishing,goose
rearing,collecting
shells,transport and coir industry.
The first slide was agriculture
Pupil see and understand
Pupil see and understand

5. The cultivation was taking place one in two or three
years.They were cultivating only seeds of paddy like chambavu
and karuthachara.Which take
to grow and harvest.Present use seed like thrivenni.
Next slide is fishing..
Both the rivers and canals were rich in the availability of
fish.Fish
is one of the essential edible items of kuttanad people.Each and
every familyused to catch fish from their own ponds and
canals.When the water was
drained for cultivation they used to get good catch.
Next slide goose rearing.
Pupil see and carefully lisen

6. Growing Duck in the swamp and canal was another
occupation of the kuttanad people.once the harvest was
over,these Ducks,were brought to the paddy field .
next cccupation iscollect shells.
In several places of kuttanad people used to dip into the canal to
collect shells.
There are two types of shell in this area;white and black.
other slide is coir industry
Teacher explained coir industry.coir industry most popular
occupation in kuttanad.and
final slide is transportation
Pupil see and understand
Pupil see and understand

7. main transport facilities are boat,canoes etc.
ActivityIv
Teacher show a chart included the occupations of kuttanad. The
flashcard was givenby students.students are correct picture
postered.
Pupil postered picture
Follow Up Activity
1.To write a seminar on the Traditional Method O Agriculture In Kuttanad?
2.explain what are the main occupation of kuttanad