In this session IOT expert Bob Gallup walked us through the basics of electronics and taught us how to do some basic wiring and programming on an Adafruit Trinket micro processor.

1. Drawing is putting a line round an idea
~Henri Matisse

2. Hacking is giving form to an idea

3. Hack to Learn

4. Hack to Communicate

5. Hack to Do

6. Hack to Do Think

7. How to Hack Electronics
PLANNING-NESS 2014

8. Hi. I’m Robert Gallup

9. Agenda
Mad Cap First Hacks
Electricity + Electronics
Hacking Switches + Knobs + Smart LEDs
Project?
Wrap Up

10. Feel Free to Wander

11. ?

12. Your Hacker’s Kit E
STEALTH CASE BREADBOARD RESISTOR LED
SMART LED
JUMPER WIRES BUTTON KNOB TRINKET

13. Microcontroller

14. Put the Trinket in the Breadboard >

15. Connect the Trinket to your Computer >
Power Indicator Glowing at First

16. Download Software >
http://www.robertgallup.com/download/planningness2014-mac.zip
Unzip Arduino Software
Note: There are also downloads for “-windows”, and “-linux”

17. Start Arduino

18. Mac OS X: Security Settings >
1 2 3 4
Open Preferences Unlock, and change
“Allow apps …” to
Anywhere
Run IMPORTANT: Reset
security settings

19. Configure the Software for Your Board >

20. Configure the Programmer >

21. Add the Planning-ness Examples >
1
2 Select planningness2014 in the Libraries folder
from the class software download

22. If it works, … >

23. ?

24. Load the LEDBlink Example >

25. The Sketch Window >
Sketch (program)

26. Run the Sketch on your Trinket >
1 2
Press Reset
Press the
Run button
LED glows

27. Wait. What?!

28. The “Blink” >
Blinking

29. Sketch Structure (Recipe) E
//
S
void
setup()
{
pinMode(1,
OUTPUT);
}
!
//
Loop
void
loop()
{
digitalWrite(1,
HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(1,
LOW);
delay(500);
}
Comment
Statements

30. Sketch Walkthrough (See the Comments) E
//
Setup
runs
once
at
the
beginning
void
setup()
{
pinMode(1,
OUTPUT);
//
Pin
#1
is
output
}
!
//
Loop
runs
over
and
over
again
forever
void
loop()
{
digitalWrite(1,
HIGH);
//
turn
the
LED
on
delay(1000);
//
wait
for
a
second
digitalWrite(1,
LOW);
//
turn
the
LED
off
delay(1000);
//
wait
for
a
second
}

31. Hack 01: Change the Blinking Speed (
1. Change the blink speed
Hint: edit the blink sketch to change the blink delay
from 1 second to 1/4 second (note: 1 second =
1000 milliseconds). Then run the sketch again.
2. Stretch: Make a short on, longer off blink
Hint: the delay times don’t have to be the same.

32. Your First Circuit E
Jumper Wire
LED
Resistor

33. Wire Up an LED >
USB
#0
#1
#2
5V
BAT
GND
#4
#3
RST
JUMPER WIRE

34. A Note about Breadboards E
All of the contact points
in the same row are
connected
The “rift” separates the two sides

35. Hack 02: An LED on Another Pin (
1. Rewire your hack to move the LED to Trinket pin #2.
2. In the “blink” sketch, change the LED pin to match.
Hint: You may have to change more than one line

36. Hack 02: A Solution (
//
Setup
runs
once
void
setup()
{
pinMode(2,
OUTPUT);
//
Pin
#2
is
output
}
!
//
Loop
repeats
forever
void
loop()
{
digitalWrite(2,
HIGH);
//
turn
the
LED
on
delay(1000);
//
wait
for
a
second
digitalWrite(2,
LOW);
//
turn
the
LED
off
delay(1000);
//
wait
for
a
second
}

37. Hack 02: Another Way, “Variable” (
//
Declarations
int
pinLED
=
2;
!
//
Setup
runs
once
at
the
beginning
void
setup()
{
pinMode(pinLED,
OUTPUT);
//
Pin
is
output
}
!
//
Loop
runs
over
and
over
again
forever
void
loop()
{
digitalWrite(pinLED,
HIGH);
//
turn
the
LED
on
delay(1000);
//
wait
for
a
second
digitalWrite(pinLED,
LOW);
//
turn
the
LED
off
delay(1000);
//
wait
for
a
second
}
Declare Variable
pinLED = 2

38. Variable Declaration E
int pinLED = 2;
TYPE NAME VALUE

39. Libraries Make It Easier

40. Add the BobaBlox Library >
1
2 Select BobaBlox Folder from the class software download

41. Load and Run the LEDBlinkPinLibrary Example >

42. What’s Different About This Sketch? E
//
Include
the
library
#include
<BobaBlox.h>
!
//
Declarations
LED
boardLED(1);
//
Declare
an
LED
on
pin
#1
!
//
Setup
runs
once
at
the
beginning
void
setup()
{
}
!
//
Loop
repeats
forever.
Use
the
“blink”
method
to
blink
boardLED
void
loop()
{
boardLED.blink();
}

43. LED Variable Declaration E
LED boardLED(1);
TYPE NAME PIN

44. Using a Function (method) E
boardLED.blink();
NAME METHOD NAME

45. Another Version of the Blink Method E
boardLED.blink(1, 100);
# TIMES
DELAY

46. Hack 03: An LED on Another Pin (
1. Change the library Blink sketch to use an LED on pin #3
Hint: You can add a 2nd LED, or move the LED you
connected in the previous hack.

47. Hack 04: Fast Blink (
1. Change the library sketch to blink faster
Hint: look at the example of the LED blink method that
uses two parameters, times and delay.

48. Hack 05: Blink Morse Code (
1. Load and run the SOS sketch from planningness2014
examples.
Note: In Morse Code, “S” is dot-dot-dot, “O” is dash-dash-
dash.
2. Change the sketch so it blinks “CQ”.
Hint: In Morse Code, “C” is dot-dash-dot-dash, “Q” is
dash-dash-dot-dash. Note: “CQ” is a little like “YO” in
the ham radio world.

49. For the Wanderer: Examples E

50. For the Wanderer: Reference E

51. ?

52. Chips + Circuits

53. A Microcontroller E
!
!
SENSORS
microcontroller Input: temperature, motion, touch, …
ACTUATORS
Output: light, motor, sound, heat, …
PROGRAM

54. E
The Trinket Basic Connections (pinout)
0
1
2
+5V (Regulated)
Digital I/O
Ground
4
3
LED (Pin 1)
USB
Reset Button
ADAFRUIT Power LED
TRINKET
I/O Pins connect the
microcontroller to
power, sensors, and
actuators.

55. Electronics

56. Electricity Starts with Electrons E
Electrons are negative
(but, nice)
-
-

57. Sometimes Electrons Mingle E
In conductive
materials, electrons are
free to float
-
-
- -
-
-
-
- -

58. Mix in Some Universal Forces E
+
-
Positive Negative
Like Yin+Yang,
or Good+Evil,
one comes
with the other

59. Electricity = Motivated Electrons E
-
-
-
- + -
- -
- -
Electrons are attracted by a positive force

60. Voltage (volts) = How Motivated E
-
+
-
-
-
-

61. Current (amps) = How Many E
-
-
-
- -
- -
-
- +
- - -
-
-
-
-

62. Volts Jolt! Current Kills!

63. Current flows positive to negative
+ +
+
+
+
+ - +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
Actually, Current is a Little Twisted E

64. +
But, Not Without a Circuit

65. +
This is a Schematic, BTW

66. Circuits use Components

67. Component: Resistor E
+ +
+
+ ++ + + + + +
HEAT
VOLTAGE DROP

68. Component: LED (Light Emitting Diode) E
CATHODE / -
+
ANODE / +
-

69. ?

70. More Hacks

71. The Button (Digital Input) E

72. Component: Button (Switch) E
CONNECTED
1
2 PIN GND
PIN
GND

73. Wiring Up a Single Button >
USB
#0
#1
#2
5V
BAT
GND
#4
#3
RST
JUMPER WIRE
JUMPER WIRE

74. Load / Run the ButtonLED Example E
//
Declarations
LED
boardLED(1);
Button
pushButton(2);
int
buttonState;
!
//
Setup
runs
once
at
the
beginning
void
setup()
{
}
!
//
Loop
repeats
forever
void
loop()
{
//
Read
the
switch.
Set
LED
on/off
according
to
button
state
buttonState
=
pushButton.isDown();
if
(buttonState
==
1)
{
boardLED.on();
}
else
{
boardLED.off();
}
}

75. Pushbutton Variable Declaration E
Button pushButton(1);
TYPE NAME PIN

76. Pushbutton isDown Method E
pushButton.isDown();
NAME METHOD NAME

77. Other Pushbutton Methods E
pushButton.isDown();
pushButton.isUp();
pushButton.isPressed();
pushButton.isReleased();

78. Branching (One Thing or Another) E
if
(buttonState
==
1)
{
boardLED.on();
}
else
{
boardLED.off();
}

79. The If statement (if/then/else) E
if
(condition)
{
•••
}
else
{
•••
}
if condition is true
if condition is false
conditions:
(a == b)
(a < b)
(a > b)
(a <= b)
(a >= b)
(a != b)

80. Hack 06: Reverse the Logic (
1. Reverse the logic in the buttonLED sketch. I.e. make
the LED go OFF when the button is pressed.
Hint: there are two ways to do this
2. Stretch: make the LED blink when the button is
pressed.
Hint: what other LED functions do you have to work
with?

81. The Knob (Analog Input) E

82. Component: Knob (Potentiometer) E
+5V
GND
Analog Pin
+5V GND
Analog Pin

83. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) E
ADC
0, 25, 100, 300, 100, 1023
Voltage Values (0-1032)

84. E
The Trinket: A More Complete Picture
+5V (USB)
0
1
2
0
1
1
Battery
Ground
4
2
3 3
Digital I/O
Analog Output
Analog Input Reset
+5V (Regulated)
LED (Pin 1)
USB
Reset Button
ADAFRUIT Power LED
TRINKET

85. Wiring Up a Knob >
USB
#0
#1
#2
5V
BAT
GND
#4
#3
RST

86. Load / Run the knobDimLED Example E
LED
boardLED(1);
Knob
bluKnob(1);
!
int
knobValue;
int
LEDBrightness;
!
void
setup()
{
}
!
void
loop()
{
//
Check
the
knob
value
//
Convert
the
knob
value
(0-­‐1023)
to
a
brightness
(0-­‐255).
//
Note:
see
the
Map
command
in
the
reference
knobValue
=
bluKnob.value();
LEDBrightness
=
map(knobValue,
0,
1023,
0,
255);
boardLED.setBrightness(LEDBrightness);
}
.setBrightness()
(see reference)

87. Knob Variable Declaration E
Knob bluKnob(1);
TYPE NAME PIN

88. Knob Value Method E
bluKnob.value();
NAME METHOD NAME

89. Hack 07: Change Knob Direction (
1. Change the direction of the know. I.e. So the
brightness goes down when the knob it turned up.
2. Stretch: Change the blink speed with the knob
position.

90. The Smart LED (Digital LED) E
Unlike a standard LED, the Smart LED has a small processor inside that
controls the light and communicates digitally with your microprocessor. They
are also called NeoPixels. Generically, they are sometimes referred to by their
“controller”, the WS2812 or WS2811.

91. Component: Smart LED (NeoPixel) E
Digital In
+5V
GND
Digital Out
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Digital In
Multiple of these LEDs can be “cascaded” from a
singe pin on your micro process (but, you may
need outside power).

92. Wiring Up a Smart LED (NeoPixel) >
USB
#0
#1
#2
5V
BAT
GND
#4
#3
RST

93. Hack 08: Hack the SmartPixel Example (
1. After wiring the SmartPixel up, load and run the
SmartPixel sketch.
2. Change the rate the colors change in the sketch
3. The sketch currently uses red, green, and blue as it’s
colors. Change to three different colors
Hint: look at the comments to figure out the parameters
for the setPixelColor() method.

94. Hack 09: Hack the SmartPixelRainbow Sketch (
1. Load and run the SmartPixelRainbow sketch.
2. Change the rate the colors change in the sketch.
Hint: You can guess what to do (perfectly respectable), or
look at the complicated code in the NeoPixelFunctions tab
for a clue.

95. Hack 10: More Smart LED Hacks (
1. BIG STRETCH: See if you can figure out how to control
the rainbow color with a knob.
Hint: look at the setPixelColor() and wheel() methods.
2. GIANT STRETCH: See you can cooperate with some of
your table-mates and connect several smart LEDs
together. Hint: one of the parameters when you declare
the LED variable, is the number of LEDs in the strip.

96. ?

97. Wax On. Wax Off.

98. LEDs

99. Buttons

100. Knobs (potentiometers)

101. Smart LED

102. Team Project

103. Hack 99: Hack Digital Personality (
1. Team up and use everything you’ve learned to design a
switch with a personality. Hint: use two LEDs and a switch.
pressing the switch turns one of the LEDs on/off. The other
LED flashes in some way with personality to indicate
whether you’ve been successful. Note: could you use a knob
as the switch?
2. Do anything else you want to try as an individual. Or, as a
team.

104. Wrap Up

105. Many Other Platforms E
Arduino RPi BeagleBone
spark.io
pinocc.io
teensy

106. Add-On Boards (Shields) E

107. Next Steps: Online Tutorials E
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial
http://playground.arduino.cc
https://learn.sparkfun.com
!
http://learn.adafruit.com
http://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino
!
!
google “arduino tutorials”

108. Next Steps: Arduino Comic E
http://www.jodyculkin.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/arduino-comic-latest3.pdf

109. Online Resources E
ARDUINO: www.arduino.cc, reference, tutorials
SPARKFUN: www.sparkfun.com, components, devices, tutorials
ADAFRUIT: www.adafruit.com, components, devices, tutorials
MAKE MAGAZINE: www.makezine.com, magazine, books, stuff
MAKER SHED: www.makershed.com, components, kits, stuff
INSTRUCTABLES: www.instructables.com, tutorials
RADIO SHACK: www.radioshack.com, components, devices, tutorials
AMAZON: www.amazon.com, books, components, devices, tutorials
O’REILLY: www.oreilly.com, books, tutorials, etc.
ELECTRONIC GOLDMINE: http://www.goldmine-elec-products.com, components
JAMECO: www.jameco.com, components
MOUSER: www.mouser.com, components
DIGIKEY: www.digikey.com, components
!

110. Thank You!

111. Robert Gallup bob@xobxob.com @robertgallup