Supremacy Clauses And Separation Of Powers

Supremacy Clauses And Separation Of Powers
1Answer: Federalist are democrats and anti–federalist where republicans. 2Answer: Supremacy clause and separation of powers 3Answer: First
allowed citizen to speak against the constitution, 10 amendment is reserved the right to the people 4Answer: due process When it comes to
anti–federalist they felt like the government should be left up to the states and didn't want strong central government didn't want national government to
rule over everything. Federalist wanted strong central government to be able to keep states at peace and not be able to fight against each other such
like the civil war. The things pertaining to presidential power and congress expanded powers through certain areas why making sure that the
separations of powers
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Faith Based Organizations vs. the Separation of Church...
Faith Based Organizations vs. the Separation of Church and State
Issues regarding the separation of church and state frequently resurface. The first time this issue was made know to American citizens was when the
Supreme Court removed prayer from the public school system. Last year, the Supreme Court made another decision in regards to this same concern,
but with a slight twist. In June 2000 the hot topic case of the nation was the Supreme Court's decision to rule that, "public schools cannot let students
lead stadium crowds in prayer before high school football games." (Alpert 1)
Separation of church and state functioned as a primary concern even during Thomas Jefferson's Presidency and remains current today. Today the...
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Overall, the interpretation formed by individuals most is that the authors of the Constitution intended for the amendment to enable government to
refrain from making decisions in regards to religion. Understandably, this interpretation of the amendment justifies itself. Possibly, the best course of
action for government to take would be not to make any decisions in regards to religion.
Ideally, that means that people can worship and practice the religion of their choice. However, the original lawmakers that authored the Constitution,
Preamble and the Declaration of Independence made references to God and Christian ideals throughout several national historical documents. For
example, in another excerpt from the Christian Banner eXchange, the Declaration of Independence declares: "...We hold these Truths to be
self–evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty
and the Pursuit of Happiness" (1). Also an citation from the Gettysburg Address proclaims: "..:that this nation under God shall have a new birth of
freedom and that government of the people, by the people shall not perish

The Importance Of The Separation Of Church And State
In 1791, ten amendments were made to the U.S. constitution: The Bill of Rights. The first of these rights given to the citizens of America is the right
to freedom of religion and freedom of the press. Countless court cases have brought the issue of the separation of church and state to light. Legal battles
and administrative actions in the government have led to conversations about how much religion should be involved in schools and what power the
state has over religion.
The phrase, "separation of church and state" is not found in the U.S. Constitution. On January 1, 1802, Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter titled
"Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists." This letter was written in response to a letter sent by the Danbury Baptists nearly three months before. The
Danbury Baptist expressed their sentiments at Jefferson's election and their concerns about the relationship between religion and the state. In the
correspondence, Jefferson discussed the importance of the state being unable to control the religion of the people: "I contemplate with sovereign
reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should "make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof," thus building a wall of separation between Church & State" (Jefferson). "A wall of separation between Church
and State" led to the now widely used phrase, "separation of church and state." The wording of this phrase and the wording in

Religion In Public Schools
Collaborative Essay
Introduction
Whether religion should merge with the school curriculum is in question. It is in the best interest of the community that church and state stand
separated. Within public schools pupils should feel both protected and comfortable expressing their freedom of religion, regardless of their belief
structure; religion has developed a social stigma that may provoke students to suffer discrimination, and separation has helped prevent this from being a
reality.
Background
Religion makes up a sizable part of many people's lives, however, that does not justify or excuse schools excluding the percent of the population that
does not want the belief practices of others forced upon them. If schools work religion into the schedule, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Separation of church and state protects the students. "Because public schools are government funded, prayer led by school officials or incorporated into
the school routine amount to government established religion." The governing body is not to place one religion above others. It is unconstitutional to
do so. The public school system is funded by the government, therefore they are obligated to refrain from pushing a singular religion. Separation of
church and state is necessary because not everyone is a member of the church body, let alone the same religious group. "The public school system is
created for all students and supported by all taxpayers. It should, therefore, remain neutral on religious issues over which students and taxpayers will
differ." The population supports the public school system alongside the government, and taxpayers should remain unforced to pay for a religion they do
not agree with, especially when their children are involved. Segregation of church and state protects both the state and the school faculty. "Separation of
church and state has been part of the nation's legal and cultural nomenclature since the early 1800s. Judges, politicians, educators, and even religious
leaders have embraced church–state separation as central to church–state relations and a cornerstone of American democracy" The idea of church and
state separation has managed to regulate the interactions between the beliefs one holds, the culture they take part of, the politics they support, and how
the government interacts with them all. By limiting the manner and extent faculty can approach religion, students gain space to express or explore
belief systems aside from what is being administered without feeling insecure or uncomfortable. The division of church and state prevents the religious
groups from interfering with government affairs, such as

Constitution Of 1787 Research Paper
Title The Constitution of 1787 attempted to improve America's government through the Separation of Powers, People Elect, Checks and Balances,
Federalist structure, and Limited Government. Developed by 18th century philosopher Montesquieu, the Separation of Powers was advocated in the
Constitution to inforce the division of the three government branches and prevent the abuse of power at the expense of the nation by anyone person or
government. According to Montesquieu, the government was divided independently into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to insure the
three powers had equal authority in government responsibility. Each power has a unique responsibility to the government such as enacting the laws of
the state as the

The Negative Effects Of Divorce And Its Effects On Children
Though divorce rates have steadily decreased since the 1980's, a staggering 50% of all marriages still end in divorce (Abrams, 2016). Divorce
impacts all involved, especially the children. According to Carl Pickhardt (2011) regardless of the age of the child, divorce will be a tremendous
adjustment. The young child will likely become more dependent and regress to gain more attention from the parents. Children of divorce often
experience emotional and behavioral problems at some point during the separation of their parents thus, parents should be cognizant of how to head off
these problems. This topic is important to increase parental awareness of the effects that their separation will have on their children. This way, parents
can learn ways to decrease or even prevent those negative effects. Parents should understand there are resources, such as counseling, to help their
children adjust to their impending divorce.
Children are likely to experience emotional and behavioral problems at some point during the separation of their parents. According to Susan Gadoua
(2009), it is not the divorce that negatively impacts the child, rather it's the parents' fighting. Yet, Mark Banchick (2013), states otherwise. He even
states that there are psychiatric problems associated with divorce and focuses on severe and real separation anxiety because of divorce. According to
Paul Amato (2000), the effect that the divorce has on a child varies from having a beneficial effect, to a temporary

Divorce: Less Educated Families
The prestige of a family, or lack thereof, may have an impact on the likelihood, or unlikelihood, of couples' dissolution (Stockdale, 2011).
Poverty–stricken families, and consequently, less educated families are more likely to experience marital dissolution, according to the Census Bureau
(2011). Among others, employment status, receipt of non–cash assistance, and family status play an important role in the likelihood of divorce
(Stockdale, 2011). Wealthier families are more likely to sustainmarriage because of the higher social class (Rosow & Rose, 1972). That being said,
those in the medical field are exposed to a different set of career–related stressors which ultimately become blended within the homelife (Rosow &
Rose, 1972). Some of those major stressors are the late–night work shifts, the longer hours, the on–call schedules, and the natural frustration and
pressure of work procedures (Rosow & Rose, 1972). These types of careers add on more stress to the relationship than the general day–to–day concerns
most couples face (Rosow & Rose, 1972).
According to L'Hommedieu (1984), internal concerns and emotions, financial stress, single–parenting, and re–socializing will heavily influence the
vast majority of the divorced population. He also mentions that there are four pre–divorce conditions: the individual's ... Show more content on
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Child and adolescent development is already a sensitive time with the emotional and physical changes, so divorce of the parental figures may only
make it a more fragile process for the child (Newman, et al., 1993). Young children about five to nine years old will perceive divorce as a physical
separation of the spouses, whereas older children about ten to fourteen years old will perceive divorce as a psychological and emotional distance
between the spouses (Newman, et al,

Highly Polarized Two-Party System: A Case Study
why presidential power has increased relates to the rise of a
highly polarized two–party system in which party loyalty trumps institutional
concerns. The beginnings of this polarization can be traced to the enactment of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.82 The passage of that Act ended an era that had
effectively been a three–party system in the United States: the northern
Democrats, the southern Democrats, and the Republicans. During this "three– party" era, members of Congress needed to work across party lines to
develop
working majorities on particular issues.83 Their political fortunes and
reputations, therefore, were closely tied to the success of Congress as an institution
In contrast, in the highly polarized two–party system

Difference Between Separation Of Powers And Federalism
One successful accomplishment of the Americans was the construction of the twin pillars of American constitutionalism: federalism and the separation
of powers. This essay serves to discuss the similarities and differences between the rationales behind the separation of powers and federalism. Both the
separation of powers and federalism divide power to prevent the accumulation of powers in one hand and to increase citizen participation on the state
and national levels. However, apart from the mere division of powers, separation of powers further emphasizes on the division of the functions of the
three branches, namely the legislature, executive and judiciary. In addition, separation of powers also has a distinct system of checks and balances. ...
According to Jefferson, "The way to have a good and safe government is not to trust it all to one, but to divide it among the many, distributing to
everyone exactly the functions he is competent to" (Jefferson, 1816). Federalism is the division of power between the national and state governments.
By having a federated community, power is shared between the national and state government so that one side does not overpower the other. This helps
to 'preserve and enhance the self–governance and welfare of the particular communities' (Kincaid, 1990, p. 71). Similarly, separation of powers also
divides power between the three branches. Articles I, II and III were created to vest authority in the hands of the legislature, executive and the
judiciary respectively. The legislative body comprises of the Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and Senate. The judicial branch
includes the Supreme Court and the executive branch comprises of the President. Hence, the division of power based on the idea of separation of
powers and federalism helps to prevent consolidation of power in the form of a

Methado Case Study
Purpose: The purpose of this briefing memo is to provide recommendations to Council of City ABC on certain aspects it may or may not include in
its zoning provisions with regard to methadone clinics and dispensaries. In the following sections I will provide my input on the provisions laid out
by council. Issue background: The issue here is that there have been concerns from a human rights advocacy group opposing each of the proposed
provisions set out by city council. They believe that such provisions are discriminatory because they are treating such methadone clinics differently
than other clinics, based on who the users of the clinics will be. Such provisions are believed to create barriers for people who require treatment and in
turn... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I am of the opinion that the provision imposing a requirement that methadone clinics and dispensaries must keep a daily patient count and pay
$100 yearly fee to city hall cannot be incorporated into a zoning bylaw, because the rationale behind it, is not based on planning, but rather it is
based on the concern of crime, therefore it is discriminatory. To enforce that the staff keep a count of how many people use these specific clinics
each day is singling out a specific group of people and goes against human rights. As for the $100 yearly fee to city hall, I do not see what this has to
do with planning and it's discriminatory to that specific clinic. Why should methadone clinics have to pay a yearly fee and other clinics aren't put
under the same provision. Both clinics provide support and services to those who need it. Zoning has to do with land use and a fee does not fit into

Advantages Of Olefins
Olefins are usually produced in large quantities in the petrochemical industry. The separation of olefins from paraffins is of primary importance to the
chemical industry. Olefin/paraffin mixture is difficult to separate due to their similar physical and chemical properties such as molecular sizes and
boiling point. The most common method for olefin/paraffin separation in the industry is the distillation process, commonly known as cryogenic
distillation which is considered as one of the most energy–intensive processes in the oil and gas industry [1]. Due to the high costs and energy
consuming associated with this distillation an alternative methods need to be used.
Silver salts have been used as a separation facilitator since 1944. In this early work, an aqueous solution of the silver salt AgNO3 at 50 wt% was used
in the absorption and extraction of light olefins from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the formed complex is chemically reversible, and therefore easy to break with a relatively small amount of energy. The advantage of this
operation is the lower energy requirement for the separation as the break of the complex can be done by using simple engineering operations, such as
heating or de–pressurization [4, 5]. Hollow fiber membrane contactors have been considered as an alternative mean for gas/ liquid separation which
have many advantages over conventional direct gas/ liquid techniques such as spray towers and packed/tray columns [6]. In this process, two phases
gas phase and an absorbent solvent come into direct contact for mass transfer without the dispersion of one phase into the other due to the presence of
the

Segregation: The Case Of Brown Vs. Board Of Education
Gender–separate schools create parallels to racial segregation. People used to think races are different in the way they think and learn as well.
Nowadays, the idea of racial differences in learning would seem racist for most, but in the past it was a famous theory for those who wanted to
reinforce The Case of Brown v. Board of Education was the core of arguments made against gender segregation in schools. The Supreme Court agreed
that "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal'. This case was about racial segregation between blacks and whites in public schools, which
outlawed racial inequalities. However, when the Court's attention shifted to the issues of gender separation, the main argument stayed the same.
Benjamin P.Carr

The Proposed Law For Strip Terrorists Of Australian...
ESSAY 1– 150 words
The proposed law to strip terrorists of Australian citizenship will have implications for the rule of law in Australia.
To support my argument, I will define what the rule of law is in Australia, the impacts it has on Australian legislation and two factors that are tied in
with the rule of law: retrospective laws and the separation of powers.
In order to support my opinion of the above statement, I will use several methods of research, which will include the following sources; University
textbooks, Academic Journals, Government Sources and court documents.
One of the challenges I faced was finding recent cases and precedents around Australian terrorists and Australian citizenships. In order to complete this
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A review of media press releases and Hansard suggests that this amendment will have implications on the Rule of Law in Australia and the Australian
Commonwealth Constitution ("Constitution"). In light of this contentious debate, it is necessary to consider the principles of the rule of law in
Australia, retrospective law and the separation of powers. With particular reference to what purpose they serve within the legal framework in Australia
and how the proposed amendment contradicts these principles.
The rule of law in Australia underpins the way the Australian government and society are governed. It is intertwined in the Constitution, making it
an important piece of framework within the Australian Federal legal system.1 The rule of law is not a legal rule but more like the rule of "law",
free from legal constraints and separate from the rule of power such as legislation. The rule of law signifies that all government agencies, bodies and
individuals should never be considered above the law, and always considered as a subject to it.2
One principle that undermines the rule of law is retrospective legislation. A retrospective law seeks to create or amend a legislation that relates to
something in the past. Joseph Raz says, "All laws should be prospective, open and clear", therefore government agencies and citizens should not be
punished for something they did prior to the legislation being passed.3 Retrospective laws are considered inconsistent with the rule

Prayer In Public Schools Case Study
The issue of prayer in public schools is a highly discussed and salient topic. There are on–going cases in the courts regarding this topic of whether
religion has a place in public institutions. For instance, I came across an article on the New York Times titled "Illinois School Settles Separation of
Church and State Case", where a public school has agreed to discontinue the practice of asking students who take the bus to arrive early for optional
religious lectures at a Roman Catholic parish (Press). This decision stemmed from the legal challenge brought upon the school. Prior to this legal
challenge, generations of students from the Teutopolis Grade School have begun their day with Catholic Mass or other prayer services at the St. Francis
As the seismic shocks of the 60's led to the aftershocks, giving way for the "Nones", where individuals responded that they do not affiliate with a
specific religion or have any religious preferences (David Campbell). Clearly, the amount of parents that do not affiliate with any religion has
increased and this may be the case with the parents of this public school. The demographics of this school system are changing, the parents who do
not associate with the Catholic Church have increased and so did their influence. We see them exercising their rights as "Nones" challenging the
influence of religion in their children's learning environment. Furthermore, those who consider themselves "Nones" have also reported that they
seldom or never attend religious services ("Nones" on the Rise). In a way, the parents who do not attend religious services may have passed this trait
along to their kids. That is why the number of kids who do not participate in the religious lectures in the Teutopolis Grade School has risen. To add,
more than 6 in 10 religiously unaffiliated voters consider themselves as Democrats (39%) ("Nones" on the Rise). Clearly, they are a significant group
when it comes to political activities and

America's Constitutional History
This chapter first begins by discussing America's constitutional history within the role of the federal government. It explains how liberals have
changed from the mainly classic liberals such as John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, to ones such as John Dewey and John Maynard Keynes. It also
addresses how legislative power is delegated, including the role federal bureaucracy plays in this area. One issue that is brought up in the process of
this is whether the practice of delegating legislative power is constitutional or not. Expanding on this is the issue of separation of powers, especially
since Article 1 vests all legislative power in Congress. Continuing on with this same thought is the issue of delegating in the domestic context, because
while

Religious Liberty : The Revolutionary War And The Founding...
I. INTRODUCTION Religious liberty is a fundamental value in American constitutional law. To the Prophet Joseph Smith, the Lord confirmed both
the Revolutionary War and the founding of America as culminating preludes to the Restoration: "And for this purpose have I established the
Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood."
Elder Boyd K. Packer wrote, "The Book of Mormon ... established a great responsibility upon the citizens of this land and declares that when the
purposes of the people become destructive to the purposes of God, they are in danger of losing liberty, the most precious of all gifts." Of the fifty–six
signers of the Declaration of Independence, at least twenty–eight were lawyers. Of the thirty–nine signatures on the US Constitution, twenty–one were
lawyers. American lawyers have previously and continue to demonstrate a remarkable influence on the interpretation of religious liberty in the United
States. Although the United States was founded in an era of powerful religious principles, common law understanding of the church and state
relationship faces significant challenges. Particularly in reconciling two popular visions: one allowing accommodation of religion in public life, and the
other emphasizing separation. Defining the role of the American lawyer in promoting religious liberty and determining a maintainable balance between
separation and

Legal Decision Making And Parenting Time Mediation :...
There are countless examples in the media (fictional and in the tabloids) that present divorce as an ugly battle where nothing is under the belt and
EVERYTHING is up for grabs. It leaves a lot of unhappy married couples terrified to take the next step by filing for divorce. In reality, divorce cases
can be very difficult, but they don't have to be. In fact, many who are considering divorce are turning to mediation in order to minimize the conflict
associated with the process.
Mediation can be particularly useful in cases where a couple is having difficulty agreeing upon a parenting plan that works for everyone. If you are a
divorcing parent and you want to work out a co–parenting plan, but haven't been able to come to an agreement with your soon to be ex, consider
arranging for mediation.
Preparing for Legal Decision Making and Parenting Time Mediation: Creating a Parenting Plan
1.Put together a history of the relationship between you and your ex. Start when you met, include major milestones or "changes" in the relationship, i.e.
when you moved in together, when you got married, when you separated, times during which you attended marriage counseling, etc. These are all
questions that the mediator will ask in order to get an idea of who you are. It is also a good way for the mediator to find out if both of you remember
the same things and have the same understanding of the relationship. It's good to review the details beforehand.
2.Next start a history of parenting.

The first pair I will define and state the significance...
The first pair I will define and state the significance are separation of powers and federalism. Separation of powers was conceived because of
concerns over the thought that the majority would oppress the minority. Instead of giving all power to one, for fear of tyranny and concentrated
power, it was divided into three branches which include Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Each branch has their separate power in their domain and
act independently. Separation of powers was also created to help promote and liberty. Federalism is the dispersal of power between the federal
government and each of the states. The United States Constitution allows jurisdiction to the federal government over national affairs and reserves
powers to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
National supremacy clause is Article VI in the Constitution says that federal law is the ultimate law of the land. This basically comes down to any
federal law beats any conflicting state law. An example of utilizing the supremacy clause was McColluch vs. Maryland. Maryland tried to tax the
Second Bank of the United States. When they did not pay, Maryland sued James McColluch for collection. His response was the tax was
unconstitutional. The state court ruled in Maryland's favor and he appealed to the United States Supreme Court which was ruled unconstitutional. This
is an example of how state laws are defeated when they conflict with federal laws. The Articles of Confederation was framed so that the states held the
power and kept it from a central government. However, in the Constitution, in Article VI, it gives federal law the ultimate decision if state law
conflicts. There are reasons why the Article of Confederation was ultimately replaced by the United States Constitution that is still in effect today. The
Articles of Confederation may have given the states too much power and not enough to central government. Moving along, next I want to define
presidential pardons. The President has the power to grant pardons as long as it is a federal offense and the case must not be involved with
impeachment. In a presidential pardon, the criminal record of offense is not wiped clean. The pardon itself will reinstate various rights but they still have

Federalist 51: The Concept Of Separation Of Powers
Zaira Azpilcueta
Take Home Exam
Government 291
Federalist 51
Page Break Question 1
The concept of Separation of Powers is to divide powers of the three branches of government for each branch to have independence and equality of
power. The United States constitution has three articles also called the government branches. These Articles or branches are recognized as the
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Each of those branches have a job that are tied to the law and government but operate from each other. Article I
known as the Legislative branch has the House of Representatives and the State Senate in one house, making them the Congress; Congress has the right
to make a law. Not only that but the president has a act in the legislative, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Madison persuades his concerns of the power of each branch to notify what each branch would need for it to be a self grounding society. In
Madison's words "In order to lay a foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent
is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently
should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members others." By this having
no communication with the other branches it would be in the best interest, as the separation would work best if they had their own section of power in
that branch. Dividing the branches and giving them equal power but yet taking authority that is all in the same basis of the three. However not all
authority within the three will be garnished. There will be some authority with the other members as he includes that in Checks and Balances. The
three branches need to be independent and not need to depend on the other two. By that each article would need a job that correspond to their duty, so
they can be independent while they are working on that task. His reasoning behind his proposal is to maintain adequacy

The Importance of the Doctrine of Separation Powers to...
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 202 ASSIGNMENT
NAME: GAONE K KEOBATILE
ID NUMBER: 200902722
LECTURE: MR SELEKE
DUE DATE: 7/3/11
QUESTION 1...DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS TO BOTSWANA'S
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES
INTRODUCTION
All around the world there is need to achieve and maintain peace in the governing of the state. So in order to reinforce this there is the practice of the
doctrine of separation of powers in different nations. So this essay is set out to explain in detail the history of the doctrine from where it all started and
how it came to be practiced in Botswana. Of course the separation of powers ensures the efficient way of running a country but will it manage ... Show
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THE JUDICIARY–It is given the power to interpret laws thus it has the following checks over the executive; once the judges are appointed for ;life
they are free from the control of the executive branch and determines whether the law is unconstitutional or not. Checks over the legislative branch,
courts can judge legislative acts to be unconstitutional.
Then the question arises,since when the roles of the organs of the government are summed up its mostly making the policies and laws for the
citizens,who implements them?this takes us to the public administrators.
DIFINATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ITS ORGANISATION
In order to understand a concept take it bit by bit, therefore before understanding public administration (PAD), administration has to be understood first.
According to Heywood (2002:363)administration generally means the task of coordinating and executing policies, it implies assisting or serving others.
All civil servants are involved in administration. He goes on to say Public Administration refers to the mechanisms and institutions through which
public policies are put into effect.

Also according to McLean (2009:440) PAD denotes the institutions of public bureaucracy within a state this is the organisational structures which form
the basis of public decision–making and implementation and the arrangement by which public service are delivered.
So to my understanding Public Administration is all about the civil servants

Unit 4
William Findley
Unit 4
Short answer
1. How do modules help you reuse code in a program? MODULES ALSO REDUCE THE DUPLICATION OF CODE WITHIN A PROGRAM..THIS
BENEFIT OF USING MODULES IS KNOWN AS code reuse BECAUSE YOU ARE WRITING THE CODE TO PERFORM A TASK ONCE AND
THEN REUSING IT EACH TIME YOU NEED TO PERFORM A TASK.
2. Name and describe the two parts that a module definition has in most languags.
A header and a body. Header indicates starting point, and the body is a list of statements.
3. When a module is executing, what happens when the end of the module is reached?
It's executed and returned back to the point in main program where it was sidetracked from.
4. What is a local variable? What statement are able to access ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Module main()
Declare real purchase
Display "Enter the amount of purchase."
Input purchase
Call Module totalState(purchase)
Call Module totalCounty(purchase)
Declare real totalTax
Declare real totalSale
Set totalTax = totalState + totalCounty
Set totalSale = purchase + totalTax
Display "Your amount of purchase is ", purchase
Display "Your total state tax is ", totalState

Display "Your total county tax is ", totalCounty
Display "Your total tax is ", totalTax
Display "Your total of your sale is ", totalSale
End Module
Module totalState (real Ref purchase)
Set totalState sales tax = purchase * 0.04
End Module
Module totalCounty(real Ref purchase)
Set totalCounty sales tax = purchase * 0.02
End

The Importance Of The Doctrine Of The Separation Of Powers...
The main objective of this essay is to examine and explain the importance of the doctrine of the separation of powers in the UK, and to also discuss the
arguments concerning the necessity and the purpose of it. The separation of powers is a constitutional principle which limits the powers vested in any
person or institution. This means that the power is divided amongst three essential institutions; the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. Each of
these bodies should exercise their powers separately and any member of a branch should not be a member of another branch.
The separation of powers is a significant concept as it ensures that there is not an over–concentration of power by the three branches of government
keeping each other in check, this also allows different responsibilities to be assigned to members that are most suited to control and handle those
functions. The UK relies on the system of checks and balances to prevent abuses of power. However, there is not an absolute doctrine of separation of
powers in the UK therefore, it may be argued that there is no need for the separation of powers. Further, it has been asserted that UK has a 'fusion of
powers', which is largely facilitated by the overlaps existing in the functions of the institutions of the state and the personnel operating within them.
Britain 's concept of separation of powers is that the legislature, the executive and the judiciary branches each have their own responsibilities and so

Separation Of Church And State In The US
Anita Coleman, the issue of how the church and the state coexist is an important one. Today in the U.S. we take for granted the fact that these two
institutions are separated, even though there are major disagreements over what exactly that relationship should be and how much the state should
have over the church and vice versa. But during a good amount of ecclesiastical history the church was tied together with the state and influenced
civic decisions or in many cases was one with the state and to be at odds with the church was to be at odds with the state, they had become one and
the same.
Anthony & Benson (2003) discuss the fact that at one point:
The church became too distracted in its own quest for survival to care about the current spiritual needs of its members. The political concerns of the
civil government and the quest for power and authority in the church were one and the same. In fact, in some cases, the leadership of one was
simultaneously the leader of the other, creating an obvious conflict of interests. Little, if any,separation of church and state existed (p. 154). ... Show
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211).
The separation of church and state was an important feature of the Reformation period and is still important today. There is a lot we can learn from
examining this period of time and how the church interacted with the

Secure Attachment Differences In Children
The literature defines that children who express no affection and are unable to connect or bond with others are delinquents (Stevenson–Hinde, 2007).
The definition of crime, according to Bowlby, is the outcome of a disruption to the child's secure attachment to their primary caregiver during infancy
(Stevenson–Hinde, 2007). Bowlby argues that attachment disruptions in children are related to three psychological states that occur within the first
three years of a child's life: the protest state (severe distress), the despair state (grief, mourning, withdrawal, and hopelessness), and the state of
detachment or prolonged separation (Fonagy & Target, 1997). After a child has experienced lengthy separation or detachment, the child becomes
unable to resume proper attachment with their primary caregiver. This produces a number of characteristics, such as the inability to bond at all,
becoming apathetic, and very concentrated on the self (Fonagy & Target, 1997; Shi,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He suggested a link between affectionless psychopathy and the absence of a mother–figure in relation to crime (Fonagy & Target, 1997). Children who
are not properly attached to their primary caregiver during infancy may have no concern for the well–being of others, and are likely to commit acts of
crime (Shi, 2014). In the 44 Thieves study, Bowlby interviewed young thieves and discovered that 86% of thieves who had experience prolonged
separations from their mothers suffered from affectionless psychopathy, and children with the most delinquent behaviour were unable to have an
intimate connection with others (Bowlby, 1944, cited in Stevenson–Hinde, 2007). His findings concluded that insecure attachment links to later social
and emotional maladjustment, and cascades to affectionless psychopathy, antisocial behaviour and thus criminal behaviour (Stevenson–Hinde,

Children Of Divorce And Its Effect On Children
Children of Divorce
Children of divorce are numerous, the effects of their biological parents separation and subsequent divorce has lasting effects on their behavior,
academics, and their emotions. No one seems to care about the prevalence of divorce in society today; it is no longer considered taboo.
Every year more than half of all marriages between a male and female end in divorce (Weaver & Schofield, 2015), and data from the 1990 census
states that over one million children experienced parental divorce (Amato, Sep. 2001). Compared to the 1960s 90 percent of children in the US grew
up with two biological parents. Today that figure is only 40 percent (Bryner, 2001). Clearly, the prevalence of divorce should be a concern for the
adults who live and work with the children who are affected by this phenomenon.
However, even the parents themselves do not seems to take into consideration the devastation that can impact their children. Some researchers argue
that people do not terminate their marriages for reasons of escaping a disruptive relationship or abuse but only for a quest for personal growth,
(Amato, Sep. 2001), then the issue should be the concern for the well being of the child and what that separation and subsequent divorce would affect
the children. That same research also included a longitudinal study and incorporated evidence that indicated that a majority of recent divorces were not
preceded by an extended period of

A Guard on Religious Freedom Essay
Persuasive Essay #1
A Guard on Religious Freedom
In the eyes of our founding fathers, few things seemed as important as the separation of church and state. The first amendment grants all Americans the
freedom to subscribe to any religion they wish and promises that the government will not promote any religion above any other. Although the
separation of church and state and the freedom of religion are firmly and concretely secured in the Constitution of the United States, events in the recent
past bring to question whether this ideal is under threat of losing its place as an American standard.
A recent controversy that brings to light the threat of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to choose a battle wisely to not take away from future battle and maintain importance on the battles deserving of a fight.
One such battle that is deserving of attention is the battle of prayer in school or the moment of silence as a clever euphemism. To publicly bring
attention to students with different beliefs is clearly a violation of the ideals of our fore fathers. Not only does the moment of silence bring sensitive
differences to light but clearly presses on the issues of religion and possibly alienates religious minorities.
Another such recent test to the separation of church and state was President Bush's public definition of marriage and attack on homosexual
relationships. Under the code of unethical, Mr. Bush attempted to ban the union of two same sex members from joining as married. Although no
Biblical scripture has been presented as support for the proposed constitutional amendment, the disagreement with same sex marriage can primarily be
found in the religious fields or in area's traditionally known as religiously dominant areas. Marriage is both an emotional as well as contractual union
of individuals. To prevent the union should require the backing of evidence that appeals to more than the fickle nature of the public.
When arguing for the importance of the maintenance of the separation of church and state, it is important to focus on

Separation of Church and State is Necessary for Freedom...
Separation of Church and State is Necessary for Freedom of Choice
We in America have the right to be free, so why not listen to the words of Thomas Jefferson and build a "wall of separation between church and
state?" The wall of separation was Jefferson's interpretation of the first amendment; however, the idea was actually founder of Rhode Island Roger
Williams'. Jefferson's belief was that religion was a personal relationship strictly between a man and his God and the government should not be allowed
to restrict anyone from practicing their religion. With so many different religions in the United States, church and state must be separated to a certain
extent because a close relationship between church and state puts constraints on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If there were to be a real separation between church and state, the government would not be able to fund and type of religious organization. This type of
funding is unconstitutional under the state and federal law. According to the American principle of church and state, religion is a private matter.
For the most part, God's name should not be used in public schools. Prayer in public schools should not be allowed because prayer is a religious act. It
is wrong for public schools to partake in anything having to do with religion. Many people of the religious majority have tried to make prayer
optional. Can you imagine being part of the minority? The Pledge of Allegiance is still under controversy. In 2004, many religious groups gathered to
discuss the addition of "under God" into the pledge in 1954. These groups believed that it "undermined the longstanding constitutional rights of
religious minorities to seek redress in the federal courts involving mandatory recitation of the Pledge." (Doerr 34) It is wrong for one religion to be
favored over the others. Michigan State University is guilty of favoring Christmas over other religions during the holiday season. The University only
decorates for Christmas during the holidays and many people believe that they should either decorate for all holidays celebrated or decorate for the
winter season because this is a public university.
In addition,

The Ku Klux Klan (KK)
The Ku Klux Klan( K.K.K.) is a domestic terrorist organization established during the Reconstruction era. Slavery was no longer a legal business
during this time period but freedom was hardly available to millions of newly freed blacks. The membership of the hate group was dominated by
lawmakers, more specifically republicans from Pulaski, Tennessee. White men and women dressed in white robes and cone shaped masks and often
rallied at night to terrorize black communities. The mindsets of Klan members were centered on black and white– no metaphor. They felt that the white
race was superior and blacks were inferior. In the southern states black people were being murdered and terrorized by the thousands and because the
Klan had direct influences with the local police forces, judges, and medical professionals, there was no justice for black victims.
The American government has a greater concern with combatting foreign terrorism than it does with combatting domestic terrorist groups such as the
KKK. Osama Bin Laden was a Saudi Arabian Muslim extremist, who orchestrated multiple well–planned attacks against America on September 11,
2001. The 9/11 attack was one event that captured the entire nation but, the KKK has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A politician in America often disguise asKu Klux Klan identity. Laws are being passed that prohibits the advancement of black people, particularly
black males. Black men have increasingly been arrested and murdered on little to no logical explanation and is done so frequently by the law. The Bill
of Rights is a supported document that further explains neo–slavery in contemporary America. The criminal justice system has more black people
behind bars than any other race. Families who often find themselves caught in the legal system, dont have the resources to defend their innocence and
families are pulled

The Pros And Cons Of The Separation Of Power
The primary source that supports on constitution is a topic on the separation of powers. The only power would ever be split between federal and states
agencies. The history of events occurred, between time were America was constitutionalized by "Great Britain." The unitary system of power did built
guide; however, did not work out. The more history of constitution repeats' it's cycle, the system became more unequipped and less advance into
political affairs. There were three different system that gather power; however, with the National Government having issues under who's having too
much control; Congress decided to split two types of a law. The Federal Government, National Government, and the States Government, I will to
analyze all branches... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, they would be afraid that change to quickly would harm or altered the history of Federalism. Due to the center of government national
amendments, that states, that Article 1 is specified unto how the amend shall implement into the laws of stablish. Which also states, "a constitution
should adapt to change only if necessary condition." All understanding of changes deliberately are a big concern as to how the state in the federal
would process an amendment. The constitution would only be convinced by the congress if two third would vote in both House of

Difference Between Divorce And Divorce
Legal Separation vs. Divorce
A legal separation is not a divorce. Many couples opt for a legal separation if they want to live apart but do not want to completely end their
marriage. The primary difference between a legal separation and a divorce is that in a legal separation, you still remain married but in a divorce, the
marriage is terminated. Also, in case of a legal separation, the two parties remain legally married and cannot remarry. But if they divorce, both partners
are free to remarry once their divorce is finalized.
Why Some Choose Legal Separation?
Choosing legal separation is a matter of personal choice or preference. There are some couples who decide to go their separate ways because of
religious beliefs or due to health insurance concerns. There are others who separate because they are moving to a different county or state. While these
couples choose to live apart, they do not necessarily want to terminate their marriage at that point in time.
How Does One Apply for Legal Separation?
If you live in Oceanside, California and are thinking of separating from your spouse, you will have to:
File a petition for legal separation
Take decisions with your partner regarding child custody, child support,alimony, and property division
There is another legal method through which a marriage can be terminated. It is called an annulment. An annulment is a decree that clearly states
that the marriage was never valid. If you go for an annulment, it will be as if there had never been a marriage at all. However, everybody doesn't
qualify for an annulment. You need a valid reason to claim that the marriage is void. For example, if the consent to marriage was obtained either
through fraud or coercion or if the marriage occurred solely to obtain a green card or citizenship or if there was some form of misrepresentation, these
could be grounds for an

Australia Family Law
Marriage is defined as the legally recognized union of two people, historically and in some jurisdictions its specifically a union between a man and a
woman but more recently gay marriage has been accepted in 26 countries, one being Australia. A de facto relationship too is recognised by the law,
defined in Section 4AA of the Family Law Act 1975. When marriages breakdown, Australia's legal system attempts to ensure a just outcome for all
parties, however there can be many difficulties facilitating just to all when considering factors such as separation property arrangements and best
interests of the child. Increasingly the legal system aim to avoid major conflicts that may come with breakdowns of marriages by encouraging the more
effective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both parties are free to own property separately after the marriage has ended– they also have the option to hold it together either as joint tenants or
tenants in common, this is known as The Separation Clause or 'Separation Under One Roof' Clause. It exists to allow partners the opportunity to save
money to buy or rent a house separate, rather than being required to move out instantly (Government of NSW, 2018). These clauses are effective in
decreasing the conflict within families as it removes the stress and financial worry on finding new residency straight away. The family court may
"make orders as it considers just and equitable" (s 79) if issues arise in the process of property settlement or if both parties request help. If property
settlement does go to court, things such as; financial contribution made towards the improvement of the property and the contribution (other than
financial) made to the acquisition, conservation or improvement of the property will be taken into consideration. Alternatively the parties can reach
their own agreement about property, with advised legal aid– this is known as a consent order, all options found within the family court of Australia.
Property settlements with children become more complex as factors of custody and visitation come into the equation. As outlined in Article 3 of the
UNCROC; The best interests of children

Separation Of Church And State
The separation of church and state has been encountered and challenged several times in the Supreme Court, which was first mentioned by Thomas
Jefferson. However it is not solidly stated in the Constitution on what is right or wrong and good or bad. This theory was modified from various
elements from the Constitution essentially the first and fourteenth amendments. In the first amendment it is written "Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.." Notice the phrase "separation of church and state" does not appear in
the First Amendment. This amendment guarantees citizens the right to worship and or believe any religion they prefer! Many citizens obviously feel a
strong ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
America 's structure is established upon the concept that religion should be a freedom of choice of an individual without the concern of the
government, yet religion was the least flaws the nation was founded on. During the development over hundred of years, America 's opinion was
occupied on one 's religious belief. This controversy enhanced in public schools across the country. The court case that brought about this action was
Engel v. Vitale. This court case dealt with school prayers. Supreme Court ruled Engel v, Vitale on Juner 1962 that prayer in public schools violated the
U.S Constitution 's first amendment prohibition of a state establishment of religion. N.Y State 's Board of Regents documented a daily prayer that was
recited by students at the beginning of class. A group of parents disapproved of this and sued the school board of president. Justice Hugo Black
argument by explaining how the recitation of the Regent 's Prayer were an unconstitutional violation of the Establishment Clause. The Court rejected
the defendant 's argument that prayer is free and promotes religious unity. Although many people were angry about the verdict, this case impacted
public schools by prohibiting schools from writing or choosing a specific prayer requiring students to practice it.
The morning of September 24th called upon the Supreme Court to overrule a federal claim court decision that the New York City public school
administration could, if it

Aquatic Experience In Pediatric Emergency Room
For children and adolescents, the experience in pediatric emergency waiting rooms can be problematic. According to different age groups, there are a
variety of psychosocial concerns and developmental considerations that health professionals should be aware of in the pediatric unit. The environment
of the emergency room is busy and chaotic, which can increase the level of anxiety and stress for the whole family. For infants, toddlers, preschoolers
and school–age children, parent separation is a common factor that makes them anxious (Brunnquell & Kohen, 1991). In the chaotic environment,
children express their anxiety by crying, kicking or even regressive behaviors such as stop walking. Thus, there should be more family couches for
patients to

Homework Chapter 3 Essay
Multiple Choice
1) Module
2) Divide and Conquer
3) Header
4) Call
5) Return
6) Top–down Design
7) Flowchart
8) Local Variable
9) Scope
10) Argument
11) Parameter
12) By Value
13) By Reference
14) Global variable
15) Global
True or False
1) False
2) True
3) True
4) False
5) True
6) False
7) False
8) True
9) True

10) False
11) True
12) False
Short Answers
1) You can call the module several times instead of writing it out each time.
2) The header is the starting point and the body is a list of statements that belong to the module.
3) It will return back to its previous point in the program.
4) A localvariable is declared inside the module only. Only the statements inside the module can access it.
5) A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Module main() call salesTax
End Module
Module salesTax(Integer Value)
Declare Integer tax
Set tax = value * 0.02 * 0.04
Display tax
End Module
3. How Much Insurance? Many financial experts advise that property owners should insure their homes or buildings for at least 80 percent of the
amount it would cost to replace the structure. Design a modular program that asks the user to enter the replacement cost of a building and then displays
the minimum amount of insurance he or she should buy for the property.
Module main()
Call amount
Display cost
End Module
Module amount
Declare Integer cost
Display "Enter price"
Set cost = value * .80
End Module
4. Automobile Costs Design a modular program that asks the user to enter the monthly costs for the fol–lowing expenses incurred from operating his or

her automobile: loan payment, in–surance, gas, oil, tires, and maintenance. The program should then display the total monthly cost of these expenses,
and the total annual cost of these expenses.
Module main()
Declare Integer number
Display " Enter loan"
Input loan
Display " Enter insurance"
Input insurance
Display " Enter gas"
Input gas
Display " Enter oil"
Input oil
Display " Enter tires"
Input tires
Display " Enter maintenance"
Input maintenance
Call totalCost(

Separation Of Public Spaces In To Kill A Mockingbird By...
The South was a volatile place when concerning the separation of the white and black communities. Laws were put into place to solidify the
separation of the races while providing equal opportunity to all. However, these laws, known as the Jim Crow laws, were ratified to give the illusion
of equality while allowing for separation to continue. Though the image these laws held gave the impression of equality, while the people did not
hold equal status. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee explores the racial tensions ofseparate but equal throughout the novel and how these ideas
affected the daily lives of those who lived during this time. Separation of public spaces and the relationships between the people themselves are small
examples of the realities of the laws effects on real people in the South. The Jim Crow laws perpetuated the racial tension of the South rather than
alleviating the problems by sacrificing equality for the social norm of separation.
The physical separation of the white and black races was of great concern in the South and how each of the races would interact with one another. This
separation included preferential treatment of white individuals over their black counterparts. While the people filed into the courthouse waiting for the
trial in To Kill a Mockingbird, "the Negros, having waited for the white people to go upstairs, began to come in" (Lee 186). The physical separation
continued as "the Colored balcony ran along three walls of the courtroom

Family And Social Class Come To Mind In The Metamorphosis
In "The Metamorphosis", several themes come to mind when reading the story. For instance the theme of family and social class comes to mind.
Throughout the story there's conflict between the family because of what they're going through. When Gregor wakes up as this insect he becomes
reliant on his family, however, he doesn't worry about him too much because he begins to think about not being able to comply with his duties and
responsibility. Due to the failure of the father's business and the debts that came with it, money is a concern for the family, which is why it appears as
a frequent topic in conversations they share. Eventually, the father and Grete both take jobs to make up for the loss of Gregor's income, and the family
even takes in

Essay on Separation of Commercial Banks and Investment Banks
One of the key concerns growing out of the debate on whether to separate or merge retail banking and wholesale/investment banking activities has
been the stability of a nation's banking system. The experience of the US banking system has suggested that merge of commercial and investment
banks is a better approach to achieving stability. After the global financial crisis, the American economy went into recession. The policy priority of
American government was then to intervene into its banking system so as to mitigate the impact of the crisis. One advantage of the merger of banks
is that it can improve the overall condition of the economy (Khan, 2012). The merger of banks unites small and weak unit banks which will then be
able to provide... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To the contrary, others have opposed the separation of banks, arguing that theGreat Depression actually had much to do with small local "unit" banks
which constituted the fatal weakness in the banking system (Casserley, HГ¤rle, and Macdonald, 2011). This argument, therefore, suggests that the
cause of the Great Depression was not the merger of commercial and investment banks but the separation of banks. Accordingly, they have pointed out
that the increasing number of small banks as a result of the separation of banks could exacerbate the vulnerability of the financial system (Casserley,
HГ¤rle, and Macdonald, 2011). The enactment of the Glass–Steagall Act in 1930s seems to provide an indication that the views in support of the
separation of banks had prevailed over those in favour of the merger of banks. However, it is submitted that the Glass–Steagall Act had failed to solve
the underlying problem of the US financial system. For instance, in 1980s, despite the operation of the Act, a third of small specialist financial
institutions failed during the saving and loan (S&L) crisis (Casserley, HГ¤rle, and Macdonald, 2011). This indicates that the statutory requirement
of bank separation is not the right solution to the underlying problems in the US financial system.
Secondly, the merger of banks has the advantage of helping small banks to become more competitive in the

The Principle Of Separation Of Powers In The United States
The concept of separation of powers is enshrined throughout American history. Checks and balances were partly the impetus for establishing these
United States. The principle of separation of powers is particularly applicable to law enforcement agencies as they are the enforcement arm of the
executive branch of government (the other branches being the legislative and the judicial branches). This tripartite structure is seen from the local
municipal government level all the way to the federal level.
The framers of the Constitution were adamant about the responsibilities of government but were equally vocal that no one body should be vested
with all those responsibilities lest despotism should set in. Each of the three branches of government serves as a check on the other two branches.
From the perspective of law enforcement as part of the executive branch, the everyday patrol officer is charged with protecting the citizenry and
enforcing the laws. He is largely immune from political concerns at his level. Whereas the courts must consider prior case law and precedent when ...
The citizens appeal to their local police and executive branch. They implement stop–gap measures but haven't the ability to formulate a lasting
solution. The legislative branch is made aware of the situation and, after many appeals and letters from their constituents, legislators take up the issue.
They create a piece of legislation to address the issue and put it through the various committees and bureaucratic processes of congress. Once
approved by both houses and signed by the executive, the bill becomes law. The law is then applied and enforced by police agencies. The legality and
constitutionality of this law and/or the police's application thereof is called into question when a petitioner files suit as a result of proximate
consequences of its application. The courts will then decide the fate of the law and whether it meets constitutional

Who Is Lord Byron's Deed Of Separation?
Lord Byron expected Ada to be a "glorious boy" and was disappointed when Isabella (her mother) gave birth to a girl. Augusta was named after Byron's
half–sister, Augusta Leigh, and was called "Ada" by Byron himself. On 16 January 1816, Annabella, at George's behest, left for her parents' house with
one–month–old Ada. Although English law at the time gave fathers full custody of their children in cases of separation, Byron made no attempt to
claim his parental rights but did request that his sister keep him informed of Ada's welfare. On 21 April Byron signed the Deed of Separation, although
very reluctantly, and left England for good a few days later. Aside from an acrimonious separation, Annabella continually made allegations about
Byron's

Supremacy Clauses And Separation Of Powers

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