Site analysis and documentation

SITE ANALYSIS
AND
DOCUMENTATION
Prepared by group 1.

GROUP MEMBERS.
1.) B66/0992/2014 KITUR JOHN .
2.)B66/31746/2014 KIBERA FRANCIS
3.)B66/31622/2014 MUREITHI MORRIS.
4.)B66/31538/2014 KONGA IRENE JEBICHI.
5.)B66/1001/2014 WANJIRU CAROLINE WANGARI.
6.)B66/1018/2014 OMANI EVANS OBARE.
7.)B66/31650/2014 GODANA BORU.
8.) B66/1009/2014 IRUNGU EVERLYN NJERI.
9.) B66/37885/2013 CHEPNG’ETICH SHARON.
10.) B66/1026/2014 SIVA MUEKE.

INTRODUCTION.
Construction/ Building Site?
Chudley defines it as;
A Building or Construction Site can be considered as a temporary
factory employing
the necessary resources to successfully fulfill a contract.
From other sources, it is defined as;
A place where a building is being built or repaired.
Or
A piece of land where a building or a structure such as communication
antennas , bridges etc is to be located.

INTRO’ CONT’
Some guideline requirement from the physical planning act
2005 on the extent of using the plot in construction is that;
Under physical planning act, Part ii;-
8)Each local authority shall in consultation with the director
determine the plot
coverage and plot ratios depending on the zoning of the urban
area and the level of
urban services available.
12) the director may prescribe a building line on any road to be
such distance from
the road reserve boundary as the director may deem expedient
for preserving the
amenity of the road.

SITE DOCUMENTATION.
AS A QS UNDERSTANDING THE DOCUMENTATION HELPS
A LOT. THIS IS SO BECAUSE;
it provides a "memory" of the project. It is the only contemporaneous
record of what was actually happening at any given time during the
course of the project.
In sustain circumstances; documentation is the framework on which a
claim is built ; without it, there is no contemporaneous evidence to
prove a claim and thus, little chances of a fair outcome.
Site meeting in progress.

CONT’
Therefore , documentation is critical to resolve disputes in the
following manner;
Provides a record of what was actually happening on a project at any
given time during the course of the project.
A record of the parties position s regarding particular events at the time
of the event.
The following are some aspect covered in it;

BUILDING DRAWINGS .
As a requirement by the building codes; (COVERED UNDER)
Approval by Local Authorities of Applications in Respect of Erection
of Buildings.
 No person shall without the prior approval in writing of the local
authority in question, erect any building in respect of which plans and
specifications are to be drawn and submitted in terms of this Act
Any application for approval referred to in subsection (1) shall be in
writing on a form made available for that purpose by the local authority
in question.

CONT’
Any application referred to in subsection (2) shall-
Contain the name and address of the applicant and, if the applicant
is not the owner of the land on which the building in question is to be
erected, of the owner of such land;
Be accompanied by such plans, specifications, documents and
information as may be required by or under this Act, and by such
particulars as may be required by the local authority in question for
the carrying out of the objects and purposes of this Act.
Example of planning template (households chudley pg 55
New buildings pg 56)

SITE LAYOUT.
As a QS why should one understand site layout?
Definition;
A site layout plan is a construction plan prepared by the contractor as
Part of their mobilization activities before work on site commences.
Two basic reasons that planners seek to meet through careful
organization of the site for construction;-
The site must be designed to maximize efficiency of operations
in order to promote worker productivity, to shorten project time and to
reduce cost.
The final plan must create a project with a good work environment in
order to attract and retain the best personnel and thus contribute to
better work quality and productivity.

CONT’
What are shortcomings of not planning the site?
Failure to plan the site in advance is a prime cause of operational
inefficiency and can increase the overall cost of a project
substantially.
Other reasons are such as;
Material stacks wrongly placed/located. ;- Materials arriving on
site are off loaded into what someone guesses to be the correct
location. This problem may involve double or triple handling of
materials to another location.

CON’T
Plant and equipment wrongly located;- example; Fixed cranes are
unable to reach all part of the work, or the mixer is inaccessible for
the delivery of the material; not enough room for the storage of
aggregates.
Inadequate space allowed; where inadequate space is allowed for
the stacking of materials or activities; materials may be stacked to
high or stacked on roadways causing hazards.
Site office wrongly located in relation to their effective use
This is one of the preplanning tasks to be accomplished in a
construction project.

EXAMPLE OF A SITE LAYOUT PLAN.

PROTECTION ORDER OF TRESS.
TREES are part of our national heritage and are also the source of
timber to maintain this source a control over tree felling has been
established under the Forestry Act 2005 which places the control
responsibility on the Forestry Commission.
During construction minimum cutting down of trees is highly
recommended and especially to indigenous tree and thus
maintaining the botanical species of the tress.
According to the National Planning and Building
Regulation 2009,

CON’T
AA35.1 where new construction or extension to existing buildings or
alteration to streets or roads necessitates the potential need for felling of
tress, approval in writing by way of a permit must be obtained by the
owner or contractor prior to the felling of any trees over 3M high and any
conditions must be met. The application should be made either to the
ministry responsible for forestry.

ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS-
(NEMA)
Environmental Considerations
Planning requirements.
Building Regulations.
Land restrictions by vendor or lessor.
Availability of services.
Local amenities including
Transport.
Subsoil conditions.
Levels and topography of
Land.
Adjoining buildings or land.
Use of building.
Daylight and view aspects

TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THE INTERACTION OF BUILDING
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT .

CONT’
THEREFORE; THE PURPOSE OF THE AUTHORITY IS TO;
The object and purpose for which the Authority is established is to
exercise general supervision and co-ordination over all matters relating
to the environment and to be the principal instrument of Government in
implementation of all policies relating to the environment

HOARDING (FENCING).
According to the National Building Planning and Regulation
 The local authority may, before or during the erection or demolition of
any building, impose any reasonable conditions in addition to the
conditions and requirements contemplated in this regulation, for
the purpose of safeguarding the interests of the general public, and every
condition so imposed shall be observed by the owner.
THEREFORE; WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND HOARDING IS?
Temporary fence around any construction or demolition works.
In the BQs its outlined in the preliminaries; Giving all the necessary
requirements.
An therefore;
No part of such fence, hoarding or barricade shall be
removed without the permission, in writing of the local
authority until the work has been completed.

STRUCTURES.
Buildings which are considered to be of historic or architectural
interest can be protected under the Town and Country Acts
provisions. The Department of the Environment lists buildings
according to age, architectural, historical and/or intrinsic value.
AND SO;-
It is It is an offence to demolish or alter a listed building without
first obtaining `listed building consent' from the local planning
authority

BUILDERS SHED.
Definition;
These are temporary structure or even "permanently" built as per the
nature of the contract that has been awarded.
According to the Planning and Building Regulations 2009;
such structures shall;-
EE10.1 Any owner or person carrying out or performing work in
connection with the erection or the demolition of any building, may
erect on the site of such work such temporary builder's sheds as may be
necessary.

CONT’
EE10.2 The location and construction of such shreds shall be to the
satisfaction of the authority and such sheds shall be maintained in good
order.
EE10.5 On completion or cessation of the work referred to in
sub-regulation EE10.1 or where such shed are no longer
necessary for the purpose for which they were erected, they
shall be removed from the site by the owner.

ZONING.
Is a system of land use regulation in various municipalities which
in practice designates permitted and extent use of land based on mapped
zones which separates one set of land use from another.
County Governments use zoning as a permitting system to prevent
new development from harming existing residents or
business and preserve the quality of a community.
WHEN IT COME S TO PRICING AND VALUATION;
Zoning laws affects the value of your real estate property.

CONT’
There are three main zoning classifications;-
Residential ; this applies to residence and multi- family dwellings.
Commercial ; This usually applies to office blocks and businesses.
Industrial ; This normally applies to manufacturing shops and plants.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.
• Geology – It involves the study of subsurface rocks.
• Topography- It is a detailed graphic representation of the
surface features of a place.
• Hydrology- This is the science of the properties,
distribution and effects of water on a planet’s surface, in
the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere.
• Soil- It is the unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on
the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and
shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of
climate including water and temperature effects, and macro
and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent
material over a period of time.

SITE INVESTIGATION AND
EVALUATION FOR
BUILDINGSTRUCTURES
The scope of investigation is to provide information on the
mechanical or geological properties of the subsurface rocks
and soil at the site. The information include; assessment of the
general suitability of the proposed site, evaluation of
geotechnical properties of rocks or soils in the proposed area
before, during and after the construction and determination of
the sub surface nature and characteristics of rocks and soils for
any paleo-environmental deposits in the project area.
The procedure of site investigation include;
Reconnaissance phase.
Preliminary phase.
Field investigation phase.
Reporting phase.

RECONNAISSANCE PHASE.
This involves a desk top research related to the project. It is
mainly a cursory examination of the features and information
that may include the following:
Physiography of the site around the project area.
Visible circumstances that may lead to the presence of paleo-
geology or historical sites in the project area.
Accessibility to the project area.
Verification of logistics to the project area.
Availability of existing data e.g. geological logs, aerial
photographs.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
PHASE.
It is also referred to as desk top stage. When a project is first contemplated,
the site should always be examined using methodology such as topographical
maps of the project area if available. This reduces economic expenses
especially in the feasibility studies of the project before it can take off. This
phase is summarized as follows;
Studies of the geomorphology or topography of the site.
Preliminary geological studies of the site and this is mainly done by visual
observation of existing road cuttings, existing well excavation.
Acquisition of preliminary field data e.g. water levels, degree of weathering,
existence of faults or landslides, drainage systems, abandoned river channels
etc.

FIELD INVESTIIGATION.
It can be done in many ways. They include;
Geologic Field Investigation.
Aerial photo interpretation.
Geophysical Investigation.
Exploration investigation.

GEOLOGIC FIELD
INVESTIGATION.
• The fieldwork involves a geological survey of the area to a scale and
degree of accuracy dependent on the extent of the project area and
the nature of the project. This involves going through geologic
reports and the accompanying geological maps. The reports may
indicate geological, geochronological sequences and structural
dynamism in the project area.
The objectives of the investigation include;
To identify rocks or the soil in the area.

Determination of the ground condition at and near the project
area like is it possible for a landslide.
Determination of general distribution for groundwater.
Determination of the nature of the nature and characteristics of
soils or rocks in the project area, as for example in tunnel and
dam site investigations.

AERIAL PHOTO
INTERPRETATION.
Aerial photography is used in the analysis of terrain, location of sand
and gravel or other burrow deposits in the location area of the site.
Geologically, they can be used to interpret ground texture, the
physiographic pattern especially the drainage system, sedimentary rock
beddings and orientation of the bedding discontinuities. It gives
information like;
Lithological structures, vegetation and drainage of the area.
General morphology which includes landslides and escarpments.

GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION.
• Geophysical methods are generally indirect methods
for subsurface investigation. The methods include
seismic refraction method and electrical resistivity
method.
Seismic refraction method.
• Here, shock impact is created with a sledge hammer
hitting a striking plate placed on the ground. The
seismic waves created travel underground and are then
picked by sensitive geophones which convert such
waves into electric signals that can be measured.
Refraction of seismic waves is due to the differences
in hardness of the rock/soil material through which the
waves pass. Reflection gives information on geometry

Electrical resistivity method.
• The method is used to determine subsurface
conditions by utilizing the electrical conductivity of
the subsurface materials. The resistivity at a site is
determined by inducing electric currents into the
ground through two electric electrodes. This is
measured by measuring the changes in electrical
potential between a known horizontal distances within
the electrical field created by the induced current.
• There are two methods; electrical sounding and
electrical profiling.

• Electrical sounding is used in determining the depth of clay,
sand, gravel, bedrock or water bearing strata and determining
thickness of subsurface formations.
• Electrical profiling involves horizontal explorations. It is
often used in searching for buried materials, faults or fault
zones, for evaluating sand and gravel deposits

EXPLORATION INVESTIGATION.
The purpose of exploration drilling is to determine the
nature and characteristics of sub surface rocks/soils and
also to identify them. The methods for penetrating
consolidated and unconsolidated rocks are different. The
methods include;
• Trials/test pits and trenches.
• Soil auguring method.
• Percussion boring.
• Rotary method.

• Trial/Test pits and trenches.
• These are shallow excavated pits about 1.5-2m used for
determining the characteristics of shallow subsurface soils in
the site investigation and evaluation. The main purpose is to
give a clearer picture of stratification of soils, presence of
lenses or pockets of weaker materials at shallow depths in the
project area and to enable collection of hand-cut samples of
soil with minimum disturbances.
• Soil auguring method.
• It can be hand or mechanically done. It is the simplest
method for obtaining near surface materials and the method
is applicable in soils which have a degree of cohesion and
there is no caving in. Here, an auger continuously cuts the

• Percussion boring.
• This method can be employed in both soil and rock in
subsurface probing. Here a cable and a winch are used to
raise and lower the boring tools. After a rock/soil is broken,
it is collected by a bailer in form of slurry. The water added
into the hole serves three purposes; cool the drilling bit,
soften the rock/soil and aid in the bailing out process.
• Rotary drilling.
• It is used for sub surface probing in areas underlain by
rocks. The drilling involves in rotary rig in which the
drilling bit rotates as the cuttings are removed and brought
to the surface by a stream of water or drilling fluid issuing
from the lower end of the bit. The water carrying the

 Rock-core drilling purpose is to obtain rock samples in the
project area for classification and determination of its properties
such as cracks, fissures and weathering or other deteoration that
could affect the strength of the formation.
Soil Investigation is specifically related to the subsoil beneath
the site under investigation and could be part of or separate from
the site investigation.
• The purpose of soil investigation is to:

Determine the suitability of the site for the proposed project.
Determine an adequate and economic foundation design.
Determine the difficulties which may arise during the
construction process and period.
Determine the occurrence and/or cause of all changes in
subsoil conditions.

• Soil sampling purpose is to develop information on the
subsurface condition that can be precise and accurate. Soil
samples can be obtained as disturbed or as undisturbed samples.
• Disturbed soil samples are soil samples obtained from bore holes
and trial pits. The method of extraction disturbs the natural
structure of the subsoil but such samples are suitable for visual
grading, establishing the moisture content and some laboratory
tests. Disturbed soil samples should be stored in labelled airtight
jars.
• Undisturbed soil sample are soil samples obtained using coring
tools which preserve the natural structure and properties of the
subsoil. The extracted undisturbed soil samples are labelled and
laid in wooden boxes for dispatch to a laboratory for testing. This
method of obtaining soil samples is suitable for rock and clay sub
soils but difficulties can be experienced in trying to obtain
undisturbed soil samples in other types of subsoil.

The depth of soil investigation depends on;
Proposed foundation type.
Pressure bulb of proposed foundation.
Relationship of proposed foundation to other
foundations.

SITE ANALYSIS
CLIMATE
Climate is the first thing that architects and engineers should consider
when designing a building. It dictates what passive design strategies
are most suitable for the building site.
The following climatic factors will need to be considered:

1. TEMPERATURE
• Temperature varies throughout the day and throughout the year and is
the most obvious metric to consider for passive heating and cooling
design.
• The maximum temperature, minimum temperature and day night
temperature variations need to be considered.
• Two basic aspects of temperature are dry bulb temperature and wet
bulb temperature. From these metrics you can learn about both the air
temperature and the humidity.

a)Dry Bulb Temperature.
• Is simply the temperature of the air. It does not consider
moisture. It is measured in degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit,
or Kelvin and can be measured with a thermometer exposed to
the air. It is commonly referred to as the air temperature and is
reported in basic weather reports.

b) Wet Bulb Temperature.
• Is the air temperature that takes into account the cooling potential of
evaporation. It is measured by exposing a moistened thermometer
bulb to air flow (wrapping a thermometer bulb in wet cloth and
swinging it in the air). The evaporation of the moisture depends on
the humidity of the air (think about how slowly it takes wet hair to
dry on a humid day). Similar to the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb
temperature can be measured in degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit,
or Kelvin. Together, dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures can describe
humidity.

2. HUMIDITY
• Humidity can be just as important as temperature for human
comfort. Too much humidity can amplify the heat and make it
feel “muggy”, while not enough humidity can be uncomfortably
dry. Humidity of a site can also affect construction. For example
curing of concrete in a very humid site will be different from
curing in a less humid site.
• Humidity also affects what passive heating or cooling strategies
will be most effective. For instance, evaporative cooling is
much more effective in dry climates.
• Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air can, but people
don't perceive the absolute number of water molecules in the air
(absolute humidity which is measured as density), they perceive
relative humidity which is represented as a percentage of water

3. WIND
• Wind provides natural ventilation and usually cools buildings and people
because it accelerates the rate of heat transfer. Wind speed and direction
changes throughout the day and year, and is not as universally predictable as
the sun's movement.
• Knowing a site's wind patterns influences important environmental and
structural considerations.
• Wind can help facilitate natural ventilation and passively increase occupant
comfort – think of a nice breeze on a hot day. The wind can also be harnessed
to generate electricity via windmills, although this is typically not as efficient
as solar energy for small scale applications, like a construction site.

4.PRECIPITATION& HYDROLOGY
• The amount of rainfall that the site receives and also the time
period during which the rainfall occurs are to be found out. The
average annual rainfall, often measured in mm, gives you an idea
about the precipitation happening throughout the year.
It is also important to study the water drainage pattern in the site -
whether it stagnates, or if it flows following the natural slope, this
has to be analyzed to incorporate in the design.

5. SOLAR POSITION AND RADIATION
• The sun’s movement through the day and through the year is one of
the most crucial environmental factors to understand when designing
high performance buildings. Solar radiation’s monthly average will
also need to be established.
• If you design your building with careful consideration of the sun’s
path, you can take advantage of strategies such as natural day lighting,
passive heating, PV energy generation and even natural ventilation.
However, if you are not careful, these same opportunities can work
against you, producing glare or overheating

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• The Biological components of a site is also a key factor to
consider. This is obtained through a topographic survey of the
given site.
• Biology can be divided into two aspects;
• Vegetation: This deals with all plants and vegetation. Here, we
look at how they interact with each other, the different kinds of
species and how exotic they are. Also, we consider whether the
area is a conservation area or not.

• Wildlife: This deals with the different kinds of animal and insect
life that exists in the given site. This will enable a future
developer know how to handle the site in future.
• A sound decision will be made once one considers all the above
before making a decision.

MERITS OF BIOLOGICAL FACTORS.
Presence of trees in a site can add to the aesthetic and commercial
value of an area.
It also gives distinction to other sites in terms of identification.
They provide habitats for wild animals such as monkeys and also to
birds thus bringing about a serene environment.
Trees filter noise and gives privacy to compounds and buildings.
Trees and bushes act as boundaries, fences and provide security and
background to an area.

Trees provide shade and better views.
In the long run, a lot of trees in an area can change the
micro climate of the given area.

DEMERITS.
If in the wrong place, it can cause nuisance to people.
They can cause damage and destruction on buildings and utilities
such as electric cables and optic fiber cables.
Large roots may grow under the concrete works making the area
look ragged, therefore unsightly.

EFFECTS OF TRESS TO SURROUNDING
STRUCTURES.

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
• Includes streets, pathways and other transportation systems.
• Also the utility networks.
• Location of these influence the design and key site planning decisions.
• Circulation
• Utility
• Potable water pipes
• Electricity lines
• Telecommunication systems
• Storm water sewerage
• Sanitary sewerage

UTILITIES
• Utilities refer to those services that may be used by the public
and are provided by various organizations (quite often by
Government Parastatals.)
• A survey on the utilities (utility survey) should be carried out in
order to acquire information on the availability and the
accessibility of these services in relation to the development on
the site.

UTILITIES CONT’
• Some of the key considerations when taking the utility survey
include:
Location and Capacity of the utilities. Also the method of
transporting this services, for example, type of pipe. The
information on the depth of some of these services from
the ground level should also be acquired.
The point at which the utility lines stop short of the site.
The points offering good opportunities of connection to
the utilities adjacent to the site relative to the conditions
within the site; contour conditions, site barriers, soil
conditions.

CIRCULATIONS
• This involves the movement of the people and vehicles
in and around the site
• Information is acquired by observation, inquiry from the
neighbors of the site, from the transport departments
designated routes of public transport
• That which may be investigated include:
Onsite pathways, pedestrian movements including
use and volume of use
Offsite pedestrian patterns including use and volume
of this use
Possibilities of improving existing patterns, if
necessary

CIRCULATIONS CONT’
Onsite or adjacent vehicular movements including type of
traffic, volume and peak loads
Offsite or neighborhood vehicular movements including
traffic generators such as buildings that may attract traffic
around site. Also, adjacent or nearby parking areas that
may be used as parking for the site
Locations of optimum access to the site
Travel time on the site and to locations outside the site

LAND USE AND TENURE
• It includes the existing constructed features on the site as well as surrounding
it and tenure system of the site
• Current and Prior Land Use
• Information to be gained by this includes:
Size, shape and location of onsite buildings and offsite buildings.
Location and the type of walls; retaining walls, boundary walls
Size and Location of drives, pathways and service areas on the site
Location and size of boreholes, if any, water tanks etc.
• Acquired through visitations to the site and observation of the conditions on the
site.

LAND USE CONT’
• This may influence the development suitability in various ways.
• Considering a site known to have previously been used for industrial
purposes, it may indicate the site has chemical and other toxic wastes on
the site. This may pose health risks particularly to children.
• In assessing a site's land use;
• Land use types: residential, commercial, industrial
• Land use intensities: building heights/number of stories, units per
acre, average daily vehicle count.

LAND OWNERSHIP
• A description of the site’s ownership and restrictions including the size of the
site is contained within the site’s deed.
• The key legal aspects sought include:
Legal description of the property; easements, rights of way
Restrictions on the site; the usage of site are that is allowed, height of the
building, acceptable land uses
Property Owner
Level of Government whose jurisdiction the property falls; County
• When conducting the site analysis, it is prudent for inquiries to be made to
ascertain the ownership of the property on which the site is to be located. Locally,
this information may be acquired from the respective County Lands Departments.

LAND OWNERSHIP
• Information on this is commonly accessed, locally, at the
various county land offices.
• The records may have:
• certified survey map of the site's boundaries
• history of land ownership
• Any restrictions on the land

LAND USE REGULATION
• It is necessary to assess the legal context of a site for it's
planning and design.
• Laws vary across various countries. Also they vary across
various scales; National/County Scale.
• Various development regulations exist to address among
others:
• Protection of the Environment
• Public Health
• Public Safety
• Public Welfare

LAND USE REGULATION CONT’
• Most of the regulations on land use are considered under
the County level in their various planning departments.
• They may influence the location and nature of new
developments with their various zoning plans.

LAND USE REGULATION CONT’
• The National government has passed various Acts in Parliament that
also influence the land use.
• Through the constitution and various legislation, the State has
empowered the county with powers to oversee Land, Planning.
• Other notable legislation that ultimately affect the land use include:
• Persons with Disabilities Act (Act 14 of 2003)
• Environmental Management and Coordination Act (Cap. 387)
• Land Act, 2012

PROPERTY VALUE
• It may be important to get a property appraisal. This is because, various
lending institutions including banks require this information when financing
such purchases.
• Property appraisers consider various attributes that the site has:
improvements made on the site(buildings and other structures),nearby
property values, adjacent street traffic and scenic off-site views,
amenities(environmental, cultural, built e.g. parks, golf courses)
• Property values may be restricted in the form of Easements

EASEMENT
• Definition:
• Right of way granted, but not dedicated, for limited use
of private land for public purposes
• Right of use of the property of another. For example,
gaining access to the road in property that has no direct
access to the road.

TYPES OF EASEMENTS
1. Access easement: ensure physical access to or across a site from adjacent
properties.
2. Utility easement: physical access to install, replace and maintain utility
system infrastructure
3. Conservation easement: restrict potential development to protect e.g
recreational areas and maintain important ecosystem functions e.g
groundwater recharge
4. Scenic easement: protect views by preventing developments that may
block them
5. Solar access: protect solar access to adjacent property

HISTORIC RESOURCES
• It deals with the features, morals or customs that may have existed or have
been practiced over duration of time on and around the site. Includes
significant structures built in previous eras.
• Information gained from observation and interviews with the inhabitants of the
area the site
• The key observations to be made include:
The Architectural design patterns of landmarks and surrounding buildings
Materials used in the construction of the existing structures
• Programs for protecting and restoration of historic resources exist.
• National Museums And Heritage Act Chapter 216

SITE ANALYSIS
SIZE OF THE SITE

The size of a site will be determined by various factors
including;
The size of the project in terms of space to be covered on the
ground
The amount of land owned by the client
Location of the site

A) THE SIZE OF THE PROJECT IN TERMS
OF AREA TO BE COVERED ON THE
GROUND
• The larger the project in terms of area to be covered on the
ground the larger the site will be e.g. the construction of
shopping malls, roads
• Off site material storage

B) THE SIZE OF LAND OWNED BY THE
CLIENT
• One of the greatest economic problems in Kenya is that some
people; a very small percentage; have too much wealth (mostly
in terms of land) while others are barely surviving. The
government has tried to remedy this issue through the
constitution.
• Article 68 (c) of the constitution states that the Parliament shall
enact legislation to prescribe minimum and maximum land
holding acreages in respect of private land.
• Therefore, one holding large tracts of land makes it more
flexible to have larger site for construction and vice versa.

C) LOCATION OF THE SITE
• Areas like the CBD where very little space is available force
the people carrying out construction activities to utilize the
available space to the maximum.
• Sites in the rural areas with more spaces available may
therefore be considerably large.
• OPERATING IN SITES WITH MINIMUM SPACE;-
EXAMPLE IN C.B.D
• It will necessitates employment of off-site material storage.
• Employing material when so required during the construction
process; Supplying at the right time.

THE SHAPE OF SITE
• The site shape varies widely depending on land planning and
control of urban development. Areas that have been well
planned for are likely to have almost definite shapes of land like
rectangles of squares. Those areas that have had little planning
like informal settlement may have land with indefinite shapes. A
look at the Registry Index Map (among other maps used in land
registration) would reveal at a glance what to expect of the
shape of the land and site in general.

SITE INVENTORY
• At the design stage inventory can be defined as gathering
and categorizing data and information on natural and human
features in an area proposed for a project i.e physical,
biological and cultural linkages between the site and the
surrounding landscape.
• This mostly done by landscape architects and the degree of
complexity and type of information needed depends on type
of site, location, scale and scope of the project

It reflects on identification of important or critical features
and relationships determined or defined by the landscape
architects and the requirements of the proposed project
This assists the designer make sound decisions on
actualizing his ideas and clients ideas and merge it with
existing site to create a physical form or product that meet
or exceeds client needs.

SITE INVENTORY CONSIST OF THE
FOLLOWING;
1. Existing site infrastructure:
Existing buildings
Walkways
Utilities
Drive ways
Fences
2. Natural features
Trees
Shrubs
Rock outcropping

3. On and offsite views
Climatic factors
Wind directions
4. Patterns of sun and shades
5. Soil compositions and classifications
6. Vegetation
State the height and diameter of trees. For shrubs state the
form, flower color, fruit, branching habit, twig characteristics.
This assist to identify which vegetation to keep or cut off.

8. Hydrology
identify the water patterns, movement and storage
9. Site area
10.Topography. Its gradient is shown by contours.
Topography may affect sun and view access.it also
assist to design where you will have minimal
excavation or fill.
The design should also consider minimal earthworks not
to alter with soil stability that will increase erosion or
alter natural biodiversity

IMPORTANCE OF SITE INVENTORY
1. Information gathered during site inventory process
fuels site analysis and the rest of design process.
2. Through site inventory landscape architects are able to
make sound engineering and site design judgements.
3. Site inventories provide data to later integrate natural
and manmade systems in the design system

4. Review existing space and material so that a beautiful,
functional and manageable landscape can be achieved.
5. Information discovered during site inventory can lead
to design solutions which capitalizes on the site strengths
while minimizing negative effects from site weaknesses
constrains
6. Generally it will reduce conflicts in the future with the
surrounding of the product project structure.

THE END.
THANKS FOR YOUR
PARTICIPATION AND
LISTENING.
PREPARED BY;-
GROUP ONE.

Site analysis and documentation

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Site analysis and documentation

Similar to Site analysis and documentation (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Site analysis and documentation