Was Elizabeth A Puritan Threat

Was Elizabeth A Puritan Threat
It is undeniable that the Catholic threat represented a serious threat to the Elizabethan church.
However, it was not always a more serious threat than the Puritan threat. In fact, it could be argued
that towards the end of Elizabeth's reign, neither Catholicism not Puritanism represented a threat
anymore, because she dealt with most opposition effectively. Nevertheless, in the beginning of her
reign, Catholicism represented one of Elizabeth's most threatening counterparts, partly due to the
remaining influence of her sister, Mary I as well as Mary Stuart, the Queen of Scots. Similarly, in
the middle years of her reign, Catholicism still represented a much more serious threat than
puritanism, as seen through the Northern Rebellion of the nobles ... Show more content on
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As twentieth century historian A.G. Dickens has argued, Catholicism in England died down by the
end of the sixteenth century. Arguably because of the mix of rejection of traditional Catholicism and
Elizabeth's imposed settlement or the growing numbers of protestants, Catholicism stopped being a
serious threat by the end of the 1580s. In comparison, the Puritan threat started to escalate radically
towards 1588. One example of the growing threat would be the Martin Marprelate Tracts, issued
between October 1588 and September 1589. The six pamphlets quickly became very popular
amongst radical Puritans and called for a Presbyterian church system. The pamphlets were a direct
threat to Elizabeth's already established Settlement, so the fact that they called for a more Protestant
church, specifically excluding the episcopacy, represented a direct attack to Elizabeth's image as a
monarch and the stability of the monarchy. Therefore, despite Catholicism being the major threat to
the Elizabethan church in the beginning and middle of her reign, after the death of Mary Stuart in
1587, the Puritan threat emerged considerably and became a far greater threat than
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An Overview Of Lord Keeper Bacon At The Opening Of...
Primary Source Analysis "An Overview By Lord Keeper Bacon at the Opening of Parliament, 12
January 1563" In 1563 Lord Keeper Bacon, a member of parliament, wrote a letter to Queen
Elizabeth I, which was presented to parliament on January 12, 1563, requesting the issues with the
church teaching be resolved. The letter argued that in order for Lord Keeper Bacon, as well as his
lord bishops, to truly understand the religion, Queen Elizabeth I must reform the issues regarding
the teachings of doctrine and discipline. This document is a speech on the matter of religious
settlements in the early Elizabethan era. It calls for clarifications of the teachings of doctrine and
discipline, which were necessary to sustain religion. Regarding the teachings of doctrine, the issues
presented in this speech pertain to ministers who were either accustomed to teaching with the beliefs
of Catholicism or who do not teach the true word of God. In addition, the issues regarding discipline
are that the ministers and members of the church may have become corrupt with no true disciplinary
consequences set forth as punishment. This document is written in a time where the religion had
been changed numerous times, leaving the people, including the author, Lord Keeper Bacon,
confused. Although somewhat unsure as to what the exact guidelines for the religious settlement
would be, Lord Keeper Bacon was not kept in the dark. Originally known as Nicholas Bacon, who
would be appointed Lord Keeper by

The Church Of England Was Only A Half R
Jessica Annobil
Mrs Harris
"The Church of England was only a half reformed church in the period 1559–1603". To what extent
is this statement valid? (45marks)
This statement is valid to a considerable extent. This is due to the fact that before Elizabeth came to
the throne her siblings had been before her, Edward VI (1547–53) and Mary I (1553–59), these two
had a contrasting religious beliefs and both implemented harsh penalties for those who did not
conform to their religious reform. This is one aspect of the Mid–Tudor crisis which then creates a
problem for Elizabeth in enforcing religion successfully as Parliament now consisted of both
Catholics and Protestants. It is for this reason that some may consider the Church of England to be
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But it was still not
Jessica Annobil
Mrs Harris
treasonable to be a Catholic priest. This shows the contradictions to the religious system due to the
Elizabethan Religious Settlement's failure to establish a state religion. This control of Protestant
gentry in Parliament, referred to by J. Neale as a "Puritan Choir", suggested that there was grid lock
within Parliament due to remnants of Edward VI's Protestant Parliament in addition to Queen
Mary I's Catholic addition, meaning decisions would be hard to make and religious reform would
take time. As a result, we see there is a lot of proposed reform during the middle years of
Elizabeth's reign, however very few of the proposed legislation is passed, for example in 1571–2
there were bills introduced proposing further reform but none were passed. This shows that though
the radical Protestants had attempted to push for reforms, Elizabeth I had blocked some, suggesting
she did not want to reform the Church of England using the radical Protestant ideals.
Though Elizabeth's aim was to return England to the Protestant faith, she declared that she did not
want to "make windows into men 's souls", meaning she didn 't care what people thought or
believed, as long as they were outwardly Church of England rather than Catholic. Suggesting
Elizabeth I may not have wanted to set a harsh doctrine in which people had to follow, as Mary I

The Factors That Shaped the Elizabethan Religious...
The Factors That Shaped the Elizabethan Religious Settlement When Elizabeth I was proclaimed
Queen in 1558 a new era of religious tolerance began. With her religious settlement, Elizabeth had
to consider a number of different factors. Without doubt, the most important task following her
accession was to resolve the ideological divisions in the country brought about by the religious
changes in the past three monarch's reigns. However, when deciding on her own religious
settlement, Elizabeth had a number of influencing factors. She had grown up as a 'committed and
conventionally pious Protestant' and these views obviously effected the way she ran her household
and country, and consequently ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Haigh claims that there "can be little doubt of Elizabeth's personal Protestantism" and historians
such as Pollard, who claimed that she was "indifferent" to religion have been largely disregarded.
This is likely to be attributed to the strong influence of family, and the education she received from
humanists William Grindal and Roger Ascham. It has been argued that she wished to return England
to the state in which her father left it – Catholicism without the Pope. It is clear that her brother,
Edward VI, also heavily influenced her, as the final religious settlement was in fact very similar to
his doctrinal Reformation. However, her personal beliefs are more diverse, and cannot be attributed
to so few influences. Her belief in 'private devotion' can be illustrated by the fact that she did not
want to "make windows into men's hearts." It can therefore be argued that Elizabeth was not as
radical as some Protestants of the time, for example the returning exiles. Even before exile had
faced them some had become influenced by Calvinism, the most extreme of Protestant faiths.
Although Elizabeth respected these views, she did not totally conform to them, but just believed in
certain aspects. For example she did not practice transubstantiation. However, her more
conservative ideas are evident in the final settlement as the extra sentence is added which leaves the
right

Queen Elizabeth Research Paper
Anne gave birth to Elizabeth I on September 7th, 1533, much to the dismay of Anne and Henry,
who had been hoping for a son. Despite the disappointment, the little princess was treated adoringly
by her parents. Unfortunately for the baby, Anne died only three years later, leaving precious little
time for the two to bond together. ANNE AS A MOTHER The idea held by some that Anne was an
inattentive or uncaring mother is a lie, unsupported by the facts of her life. Although Anne was
probably disappointed with her daughter's sex (she had, after all, promised Henry a son), there is
nothing to suggest that she ignored or hated Elizabeth. In fact, there is much evidence to the
contrary. Anne actually... wanted to breastfeed Elizabeth. Noble women were usually expected to
choose a wet nurse so that they could get pregnant again as soon as possible. kept Elizabeth beside
her at all times. Anne even had a special cushion made for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
made sure Elizabeth was raised Protestant. She ensured that Elizabeth would be raised under her
own, less radical brand of Protestantism, paving the way for the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.
was part of the reason Elizabeth refused to marry. Elizabeth reportedly vowed never to marry at
seven years old, most likely because she was haunted by the deaths of her mother, Anne, and her
cousin, Katherine Howard, at the hands of their far more powerful husbands. taught Elizabeth
important lessons for a woman in politics. Elizabeth learned the importance of mastering her
emotions from her sometimes short–tempered, blunt mother. ANNE'S INFLUENCE ON
ELIZABETH Many historians and historical fiction writers dismiss Anne and Elizabeth's
relationship. Even when they acknowledge Anne's potential influence, they do not believe that
Elizabeth felt any sort of personal connection to Anne. However, it has been proved

Elizabeth I Has Been Hugely Overrated Essay
How far do you agree that Elizabeth I has been hugely overrated? Elizabeth I is one of the most
portrayed monarchs in television, theatre and films, and polls have named her "the best known and
most admired English monarch" . However, academic opinions fluctuate greatly1. The state of
England the moment Elizabeth ascended to the throne was far from ideal, she had to face the
consequences of her half–brother and half–sister's reigns and arguably did so. She reigned for 45
years, in times plagued by risk of invasion, inflation, rebellions, economic depression and religious
discord among other difficulties. Her death was lamented by some and met with relieve by others.
Owing to her illegitimate status and being the third in line to succeed the throne, it was highly
unlikely that Elizabeth would ever become Queen of England.3 Nevertheless, she succeeded her
sister Mary in 1558. Upon taking the reins, she found herself amidst a myriad of problems; from
war with France to tension between religious factions. It is said that Elizabeth was well aware of the
complicated situation she was faced with, described wryly by a contemporary observer: 'The Queen
poor; the realm exhausted; the nobility poor and decayed; want of good captains and soldiers; the
people out of order; justice not executed; justices of peace ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Her father, wishing for a male heir to the throne and so far unable to produce one, had her mother
executed under the false charges of adultery and high treason and had his marriage with her
annulled, thus turning the 2–year–old Elizabeth into an illegitimate child. For most people, however,
she had always been an illegitimate child, since her mother was Henry's second wife and his divorce
had been a controversial subject which had enormous consequences upon religious history in

Historical Trends Of Human Service Policy
Historical Trends in Human Service Policy In the context of human service, the current practice of
social welfare in Europe and America is a product of evolutionary change. The social welfare
structure in countries such as Canada, France, and the United States draw from English social
welfare policies that created foundational structures of current social welfare practice. The practice
of social welfare traces back to English heritage spanning back to a time when English policies
operated in British colonies (Guest, 1997). English policies such as the Elizabethan Poor Laws of
1594 and 1601 and the 1662 Law of Settlement and Removal defined human service and social
welfare in England and her colonies (Ascoli & Cnaan, 1997). In the same ... Show more content on
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In addition, the paper also analyzes the net gains and losses of these trends to the society. One of the
profound historical trends in regards to human service was the English poor laws that governed the
treatment of the poor. Following the enactment of the Elizabethan poor laws in 1601, the English
embarked on an entirely new approach of dealing with the poor in the society. While the poor laws
appeared harsh in England and colonial in English colonies, these laws defined policies that
spearheaded action in human service in regards to the treatment of the poor in society. Essentially,
the concepts, ideologies, policies, approaches, and discourse provided by the pool laws defined a
human service structure that still informs the current practice of social welfare (Carniol, 2005). Prior
to the Elizabethan poor laws, the practice of social welfare consisted of voluntary subscription to a
poor–relief fund by the poor coupled with the use of harsh punishment to discourage vagabonds and
beggars (Guest, 1997). This practice related to a general assumption that paupers or rather the poor
suffered from moral deficiency that render them poor and dependent (Hasenfeld & Garrow, 2012).
In this regard, the treatment of the poor was most often than not harsh. The Elizabethan poor laws
however ushered in a new dispensation that resumed full public responsibility for the poor and the
destitute in the society. The establishment of a public tax–supported system aimed at providing

Legacies Of The Elizabethan Era
The study of the Elizabethan era has a lot for the audiences of this work to desire. Various thoughts
and debates have been channeled concerning this period, including the achievements and the
fallouts associated with it. This study explores different pieces of arts and literature to inform the
readers about some of the traits associated with the Elizabethan era, and some of the legacies seen
today because of that period (Pradini, 2014). The Elizabethan era is a period in English history that
saw the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 to 1603. Historians allude to the period as the golden
age in British history (Zins, 1972). The period also demonstrated an apex of the English
Renaissance associated with a flourish in poetry, literature, and music. William ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some critics of Elizabethan era fault it for being insensitive to the poor people. The ordinary people
had to endure a life of depression and devastation. On the contrary, the monarchy enjoyed a greater
measure of luxury. Ivakhiv (1996) adds that the period was also a change in religious views, the
views of crime and punishment also changed. This shows that there was a major disparity of life and
the approach in relation to the rich and the poor (Hunter, 2002). There was no welfare support for
the destitute. In fact, poverty was considered an individual fault and echoed by the understanding of
the hierarchy that placed the peasants below the nobility. The hierarchy had God on the top,
followed by angels before kings and queens then nobles followed by peasants, then animals
followed by plants and nonliving things at the bottom of the hierarchy. The belief that God chose
some people to lead and others to be noble was widely held. As a result, the poor had a rough time
fitting in the

Anne Hutchinson Character Analysis
Book Analysis: Divine Rebel (Anne Hutchinson) First Draft In U.S. history the roles of society were
decide by gender, men's role was mostly the same throughout history, but the women's role changed
slowly over time. There was many women who were fighting to change their roles and one such
woman is Anne Marbury Hutchinson. In "Divine Rebel" Selma R. Williams tells the story of Anne
Hutchinson, who was a Puritan woman of the late 1500s, and researched informations was hard to
find. She was often described as a woman who did not fit the ideal woman mold and she did nothing
to force herself into such a mold. Anne Hutchinson is described differently in the textbook that was
assigned to our class as well as a few similarities. Anne Hutchinson may ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It could be said that Anne Hutchinson was one of the first women who fought for women's rights
and that in her fight for freedom of speech and conscience she was also fighting for the right to vote
and to count as a citizen but was able to reach her goals however she was able to start a riffed in the
women's hearts and mind. Anne Hutchinson was a fighter, a mother, a hope, and most importantly
she was a woman willing to go as far as she could to get freedoms and her religious

Queen Elizabeth 1 Research Paper
The Elizabethan Era has become known as 'the Golden Age of England.' Queen Elizabeth I,
provided a peace that England had been deprived of for years, she adopted a policy of religious
settlement, and encouraged the arts and exploration of new worlds and trade routes. England
became a prosperous nation. This was an extraordinary achievement in a patriarchal society, where
women were seen as feeble and weak. Historians' views on the importance of Elizabeth to these
advances differ. To some, she is 'Good Queen Bess,' the most successful English monarch. Others,
however, take a more critical view. Princess Elizabeth was born in 1533 to Henry VIII and Anne
Boleyn, Henry had previously broken with the Catholic Church and annulled his marriage ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
E. Neale suggested Elizabeth set out to re–establish the church to be a Catholic Church without a
Pope. However, Elizabeth had to compromise due to pressures from a Puritans' group led by Sir
Francis Kolly, which make up a quarter of the Parliament and wanted a more Calvinist style Church.
(Lizzy, 2008) Haigh disagrees stating that Protestantism was clearly always going to be the focus in
the English Church. In 1559 Elizabeth implemented the religious settlement which consisted of the
Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity for the Church of England. Elizabeth was to be the Supreme
Governor of the Church and papal supremacy was revoked. All clergy were to take an oath to use a
new Prayer book and observe Royal supremacy. Neale also states that Elizabeth adopted this policy
in order to reach the Treaty with France over Calais. However, Christopher Haigh disagrees with
Neale and asserts that Elizabeth delayed peace negotiations insisting on them returning Calais, and
that they is no connection between her religious settlement and her negotiations with France. Haigh
also points out that only 19 Puritans had been elected to Parliament and that did not represent a well
organised group. Elizabeth expected that everyone attend Church on Sundays and Holy days.
Elizabeth hoped that this compromise would appeal to both Catholics and Protestants and the
English church would become popular with her people. (Geocities,

How Did The Spread Of Separationism
In the year 1517, a monk by the name of Martin Luther revolutionized the entire religious world by
starting the Reformation movement within Europe by just posting his 95 Theses to the Castle
Church doors in Wittenberg, Germany. The spread of the Reformation ideals took time until it
eventually made its way to England in the early 17th century. England, throughout the years, was
constantly changing politically and religiously, with some monarchs leaning towards Protestantism
with an iron fist and other rulers directing the country to an extremist Catholic empire. Even when
the "Elizabethan Settlement", which was treaty that ended the religious wars between the Protestants
and Catholics within England, was made there were still outcries within England for greater
reforms.
The Puritans and the Separationists were those who called for a "pure" church within England. The
Queen and even the Church of England would not put up with such communities and forced
religious conformity, thus ending a brief period of religious peace within the country. The Puritans
and Separationists had no other choice but to flee to the New World.
The Separationists called for a separation between church and state. They lived and breathed each
and every single word the Bible and believed that the bible didn't in fact teach religion as a
hierarchy. On http://www.spurgeon.org/~phil/history/trail.htm it also states, "They preferred a
simple worship liturgy which emphasized a Holy God. They felt that the

Queen Elizabeth's Influence On English Government
Elizabethan Age
Project
Paul Wyatt
I. Introduction A. Elizabeth I as a child B. Elizabeth I as Queen II. Influence on English
Government A. Marriage B. advisory people C. outside threats III. Influence on Religion in England
A. Religious state prior B. Religious position C. protest Catholicism IV. Influence on English
Renaissance A. Literature 1. Famous authors 2. subject matter 3. popular literature B. Theatre 1.
Plague in theater 2. People of the theater 3. Plays shakes a spear V. Conclusion A. Signifiance B.
Legacy
The earlier half of Elizabeth's reign, also, though not in literary effort, produced nothing of
importance. After the religious problems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Men owned everything and Elizabeth did nothing for English women's rights. However, as a ruler
she ruled everyone with a cold efficiency and political cunning. Her sole concern seemed to be the
total power which she achieved through the clever control of men. Any offense to her throne was
badly punished or killed, as with Queen Mary of Scots who she executed in 1587 after keeping her
imprisoned for nearly 20 years. Mary's death was one of many executions during Elizabeth's
reign(senin).In 1587 Elizabeth executed her own cousin mary stuart the former queen of scotland
she was planning to kill and take over the england people(bumgardner) Born in 1533 Lizz was the
daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn(Senin).Elizabeth was known for
some things like an awful short tempure. Her many talents included being able to speak English,
French, Italian, Latin and Greek and a writer of poetry. She almost married but it never happened
she is known as the virgin Queen. And she refused to let the matter of succession sink in although
there was no direct heir(senin) Her death at the age of 70 in 1603, James, the son of rival Mary
Queen of Scots, became King James 1 of England. Elizabeth's death also was the end of the Tudor
line and the beginning of the Stuart dynasty.(senin) Education was a huge thing at this time it was a
way for people to learn how to talk to sound more

The English Reformation: The Origin Of The English...
The English Reformation Reformation means "The act of reforming or the state of being reformed.
The root of reformation is the Latin word reformare, which means to form again or to change. This
is why this specific event is called the English Reformation, as it changed the way the church was
run throughout England.
One of the most important happenings in England, was the Reformation. It was a series of events in
the 16th century, where England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of
the pope. It was a religious and political movement. England could now see the decline of
feudalism, the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law and the downfall of the Roman
Catholic Church, with the Pope as the leader. In England power will change back and forth between
catholicism and protestantism.
Many things happened during the reformation in England. The most important part was breaking
away from the Catholic church. Earlier on, everyone shared the same religious beliefs, and religion
was "everything" to most people. By the end of the Reformation – Europe was divided religiously.
While this happened, the monarchs filled the leading positions in their respective countries, now that
the church's power was weakened.
Due to the lost religious unity in Europe – many wars broke out, for example; the Civil wars in
Germany and France. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, after she had failed to give him a son to
heir the throne. He had already decided who his next wife would be – Anne Boleyn. The Pope
refused to give Henry VIII his blessing, because the Roman Catholic Church meant that divorces
was something one simply did not get. A marriage was supposed to be holy, and divorces were not
allowed at all. Eventually, Henry VIII declares that he is the new head of the church. What the
people of England did not know, was that this was only the beginning of the

Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots
Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots During the sixteenth century there where many conflicts
which occurred between Catholics and Protestants. The Kings and Queens of England especially
kept on changing between both religions. This made it very difficult for the people of England to
choose a religion because laws kept on getting changed in regard to practicing religion. When
Elizabeth I became Queen she became the new defender of the faith, thus making Protestantism the
official religion. One of the harshest parts of Elizabeth's reign was the whole Mary, Queen of Scots,
ordeal. Mary was Elizabeth's cousin and next in line to the throne. Of course Mary was Catholic and
that is what made the whole issue an issue. This paper will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
She became the darling of the Northern Catholics who hoped to remove that upstart commoner
William Cecil and his Protestant Queen, replacing them with Mary. It seems to have been purely a
political arrangement and it failed almost before it began, but the northern earls rose in revolt and
died for the idea. 19 Parliament and the country at large clamored for the execution of the two
principles. Norfolk was exacuted as a traitor and Mary's life was saved only by Elizabeth who
refused to agree to Parliament's demands for her death. 20 Mary never learned from her past
experience and continued to conspire against Elizabeth. Finally in 1586 letters were intercepted
from Mary which conclusively proved her involvement in a plot organized by Anthony Babington to
murder Elizabeth and a commission was set up to examine and try Mary at Fotheringhay Castle in
Northamptonshire. 21 The commission, consisting of leading peers, councilors and judges, found
Mary guilty on two charges of treason, and in November 1586 both Houses of Parliament
unanimously petitioned Elizabeth to proceed to the just sentence of execution. 22 For two months
Elizabeth agonized over the decision. She hated the thought of killing a relative as well she knew
that Mary's death would arouse fierce resentment throughout Catholic Europe and would likely
spark retaliation. 23 After endless thought and stalling, Elizabeth finally gave

History of Social Work
The development of Social Work in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia has developed
and evolved, influencing people and professionals across the world. Social Work has advanced
through welfare policies and programs with significant historical changes occurring and a shift in
religious and political views allowing these changes to benefit members of society and address
social issues. Key events such as the Elizabethan Poor Law, the industrial revolution, the first
charity organised society (COS) and the settlement movement were established mainly in the United
Kingdom however similar models were then adapted in the United States and Australia. Pioneering
members of society helped advocate for human rights, social reform ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By the end of 1860, it was becoming apparent that outdoor relief was draining community resources
as poverty increased throughout the United Kingdom and other forms of support were needing to be
created as people were becoming aware that it was not just a case of the poor seeking relief because
of their character, but more so of the conditions they were living in (Dulmus & Sowers, 2012).
The settlement movement became another key feature in establishing Social Work in a bid for
society to focus on the causes of poverty rather than the individual. This required the volunteer or
social worker to live in the houses with the residents, "Neighbourhood based houses were
established in a bid to bring people together from different socio–economic and cultural
backgrounds to share knowledge, skills and values" (Chenoweth & McAuliffe, 2012, p. 35). In
1869, Octavia Hill focused establishing support housing in London for the poor and organising
groups and activities. Octavia strongly believed that "we were to help the poor help themselves by
empowering people with rights to encourage responsibility" (Smith, 2008). Settlement houses soon
established the first by Samuel and Henrietta Barnett in 1884 in London, named Toynbee Hall. The
United States were quick to follow in this new development as Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star
established America's, Hull House in 1889. By 1890, settlements were known as an important
method in researching and analysing social

Elizibethan Religious Settlement Essay
Elizabethan Religious Settlement
The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was Elizabeth I's response to the religious divisions created
over the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. This response, described as "The Revolution
of 1559",[1] was set out in two Acts of the Parliament of England. The Act of Supremacy of 1559
re–established the Church of England's independence from Rome, with Parliament conferring on
Elizabeth the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England, while the Act of Uniformity of
1559 set out the form the English church would now take, including the establishment of the Book
of Common Prayer.
When Mary died in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. One of the most important concerns
during Elizabeth's early ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The queen also appointed a new Privy Council, removing many Roman Catholic counsellors by
doing so. Queen Elizabeth I of England reached a moderate religious settlement which became
controversial after her death. Act of Uniformity
The Act of Uniformity 1558, which required the population to attend Sunday service in an Anglican
church, at which a new version of the Book of Common Prayer was to be used, passed by only three
votes.[5] The Bill of Uniformity was more cautious than the initial Reformation Bill. It revoked the
harsh laws proposed against Roman Catholics, it removed the abuse of the Pope from the litany and
kept the wording that allowed for both a subjective and objective belief in the Real Presence in the
Communion. After Parliament was dismissed, Elizabeth, along with Cecil, drafted what are known
as the Royal Injunctions, 1559. These were additions to the settlement and largely stressed some
continuity with the Catholic past: ministers were ordered to wear the surplice; wafers, as opposed to
ordinary baker's bread, were to be used as the bread at Communion. There had been opposition to
the settlement in the shires, which for the most part were largely Roman Catholic, so the changes are
often said to have been made in order to allow for acceptance of the

Queen Elizabeth I Is Great Than Queen Victoria
The indicator of a great monarch is represented not only by the achievements of ruler in its
nation,but the well–being of all citizens as well. Both of the two factors exist under Elizabeth I's
reign and she is the person who made the major decisions for England. On the contrary, although the
British Empire expanded to its greatest size and people also feel happiness under Victoria's reign ,
the monarch is a ceremonial figurehead and the prime minister makes the important decisions.Thus,
Queen Elizabeth I is great than Queen Victoria. Elizabethan era is famous for the flourishing of
English drama and the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as the birth of Hean–JacQues
Rousseau's Social Contract and the victory to Spanish Armada.

Why Did The Elizabethan Settlement Created In 1559
This essay will argue how the Elizabethan Settlement created in 1559 was a positive influence to
those around them. This event was caused by number of factors, including political, ideological and
social factors leading to ideological and social consequences which mainly affected the Puritans and
the people of Catholic Descent. This settlement deal would define the stance of a country on religion
and served as a foundation block for the country for the next coming years. Queen Elizabeth's
decision to put back the nation to a Protestant faith, following the previous Catholic based faith that
her sister, Mary I, had set up in her reign, was heavily influenced by the constant change of
religions, a religious turmoil, events and actions that was done following King Henry VIII's time in
1509, and years after that. King Henry had broken with Rome, thus the Pope declaring himself as
the head of the English national church. After him, Edward VI, Elizabeth's brother had turned the
nation into a full Protestant based faith but his reign had lasted for a very short time. Then again
Mary I, also known as Bloody Mary, reunited with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout her life, she attended services in the chapel, read the bible in English and rejected the
catholic belief of Transubstantiation. Her love for the various ornaments, music and robes led to her
wanting her religion to be a broad and varied religion, which would respect and honour the unity
between the Protestants and the Catholics. It also helped that her brother, Edward VI, set up the
foundation of Protestantism in the parliament before her during his reign, and his ideas also
influenced Elizabeth. This is a good example of how one person's upbringing can really affect the
policies at that

Queen Elizabeth The First
Discerning Worldview "I thank God," she once told Parliament, "I am endowed with such qualities
that if I were turned out of the realm in my petticoat, I were able to live I any place in Christendom"
(Ashby 12–16). Queen Elizabeth the First is one of England's most well–known monarchs.
Elizabeth was a great ruler and dealt with many of England's issues. Elizabeth's main concern
throughout her reign was peace and stability of the realm, and religious persecution was only
adopted when certain religious groups threatened this peace (Sharnette). Elizabeth wanted her
people to live in peace and enjoy stability which, was joyously welcomed by the people of England.
Elizabeth Tudor was the daughter of the famous English monarch, King Henry VIII, ... Show more
She believed that there was only one God, Jesus Christ and made sure that she showed that through
her speeches and the way she ruled England. Many would most likely agree with Elizabeth's beliefs
and ideology because Elizabeth believed in Jesus and because of the way she always would pray to
God for guidance daily when she became Queen of England. Elizabeth also didn't want to sentence
anyone to death, probably because she had seen all the executions that her father, King Henry VIII,
was responsible for and couldn't bear to be anything like her father. This can be shown through her
taking twenty years before having her cousin, Mary Stuart, who tried to take her throne, executed.
She also liked to encourage her people and also was good friends with a lot of them before she even
became queen. She had become so popular, that they would celebrate her coronation date every
year. Elizabeth was also kind and generous enough to allow the arts to flourish during her reign and
because of this, writers, and playwrights would honor her in their plays and artists would paint her
picture to honor her. Queen Elizabeth not only helped the arts to blossom, but also allowed for
Protestantism to become more wide

How Did Religion Change Throughout The 16th Century
Throughout the sixteenth century, religion was the main focus of society. The corruption of the
Catholic church led to reformation. Through this reformation of religion, it created rifts in society,
hence outbreak of religious wars. During the Protestant reformation, the monarchy was the most
influential system that affected the European wars of the sixteenth century. Economically, Spain's
wars with just about every nearby country left it economically struggling. Inflation was high due to
the large amounts of Gold and Silver found in the new world. War was expensive and detrimental to
the Spanish economy. These wars were both religious and territorial in nature.
Politically, it is a redistribution of power and land. Up until this point, Spain was advancing in the
race for power. They had land in the new world as well as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It started with Henry III when he wants a divorce. The Church (and Pope) say that he cannot have
one because it is ungodly. After having a fallout with the Roman Church, Henry decides to form his
own. Even though it is basically following the same practices of catholicism, its leader is Henry.
After Henry's death, his son, Edward VI takes over. He was brought of with protestant tutors so the
religion of the Kingdom swinged towards protestantism. Edward was a sickly boy and died soon
after. The next in line to rule was Mary I. She received her nickname of "Bloody Mary" for a good
reason. She persecuted all that were protestant. Under her reign religion swinged back to
Catholicism but not for long. The final heir to the Tudor throne was Elizabeth I. She was the first to
be religiously moderate in comparison to her kin. Her reign, was progressive and unlike those
before her, she tried to compromise. She started with the Elizabethan Religious Settlement in
attempts to regain control. During the rule of the Tudors, much blood was shed in the name of

What Is The Difference Between Recussants And Puritans
Queen Elizabeth I needed a religious settlement after the changes that were made by her
predecessors. This came in 1559 and is called the Religious Settlement. However, just how much it
actually settled religious terms, is still a question asked today. Both Puritans and the Recussants
weren't happy with this settlement. This act was made of two acts the act of supremacy and the act
of uniformity. The act of supremacy gave Elizabeth complete control of the Church of England. In
the reign of her brother and father, the monarch had been "Head of the Church" but this was
changed to "Supreme governor of the Church of England." The change was to please Catholics or
because she was a woman and was thought of as inferior. The act of uniformity was

Queen Elizabeth I Essay
You may know Queen Elizabeth I as the Virgin Queen, but she was far more than that. Elizabeth I
was born September seventh, 1533 to King Henry VIII and his new wife Anne Boleyn. She grew up
with a wealthy education, as well with the religion of Protestantism. Henry VIII's anger towards
Anne Boleyn caused Elizabeth to be last in line to rein; but due to Edward VI's and Mary's early
deaths, she became queen by 1588. Elizabeth I contributed with the Elizabethan settlement and by
defeating the Spanish Armada during the Renaissance. The Elizabethan Settlement was the start of
free religion, by being either catholic or protestant. Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance
states, "She desired only outward religious conformity from her subjects and did not want to
persecute people for their beliefs" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Encyclopedia of the Renaissance says, "One result was the Spanish Armada 1588" (Jones 261).
Elizabeth tries to handle France and Spain diplomatically; by the mid 1580's it was clear England
could no longer avoid war with Spain. By July 1588 the Spanish Armada came to English water, but
were quickly defeated by the queen's ships. While returning to Spain, Spanish ships were father
more destroyed by a terrible storm. Spain was not yet finished with war and before they could reach
England, Elizabeth gave her famous speech; "I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman
but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a kind of England too. "Although she gained much
nationally affection from this speech it did not stop the war with Spain from going on for another
ten years. By the 1590's Ireland was brought into the war, but the Irish were defeated by England
shortly by 1603. The most important supporter with Ireland was earl of Essex. Unfortunately he
walked in on Elizabeth without makeup nor wig, so she refused to protect him. Later on he was
executed after he tried to take control of the

Challenge To Royal Policies And Authority In Early Stuart...
The trend of challenge to Royal policies and authority in Early Stuart England (1603–49) was
significant because it resulted in Civil War and the overthrow of monarchical government.
This trend was influenced by political, social and economic forces. The political forces were mainly
over the debate between absolutism and constitutionalism. Social forces involved a conflict within
the Church of England between Arminianism/Laudianism and Puritanism. Underlying the political
and social forces were economic forces which have been subject to considerable debate among
historians.
Elizabeth died in 1603 and she was succeeded by her Protestant relative, King James VI of
Scotland. Though her reign had seen problems over religion, the 1559 Religious Settlement
remained intact and England had become more influenced on the world scene. English had become
the leading Protestant power in Europe.
James I became the King of England in 1603. He was determined to rule England wisely and he had
successfully ruled the troublesome Scots where many others had failed in the past. However, he
increased financial problems and difficulties in managing parliament. Even though James I
misunderstood some aspects of the governing of his reign and kept England at peace until 1624. In
Scotland, James I was known for his acceptance of different ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But this interpretation has come under criticism and a revisionist interpretation emerged which
queried the whole concept of Parliament being in opposition to Royal authority that Members of
Parliament saw themselves as the monarch's loyal subjects. It was pointed out that any conflict was
usually amongst competing groups or rival factions, not any conflict against the Crown until at least
1638, where an opposition to Royal policies does then take

The Elizabethan Era in England Essay
The Elizabethan Era is often referred to as the Golden Age of England (A Changing View...). The
Elizabethan Era, named after Queen Elizabeth I, was a time of change and discovery (Elizabethan
Superstitions). Elizabeth ruled in a time of religious turmoil; both the Catholics and Protestants
fought to be the official religion of England. (Elizabethan World View). Many people throughout
England struggled to find the "correct" religion (Elizabethan World View). Religion was changing
and so did science. During the late 1500's science began to evolve; new ideas, concepts, and beliefs
were starting to emerge (A Changing View). Magic was considered to be very similar to science in
this era. The belief in magical creatures served as the roots for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
She established the Elizabethan Church, in 1559, "she wanted her Church to be popular with her
people, and for Catholicism to die out naturally as people turned to the religion she had established"
(Elizabeth R). In 1559, Queen Elizabeth attempted to reunite her country, by passing the Act of
Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity (Pitchard 105). The Act of Supremacy stated that Queen
Elizabeth I was the most powerful ruler of England; this acts also made her the Supreme Governor
of the Church (Elizabeth I). The Act of Uniformity was a set of rules regarding the new Elizabethan
Church (Elizabeth R). Rules of the Church were basic and simple. All people of England had to
attend church on Sundays and holidays. A fine was issued to those who did not attend church, the
money collected was then used to help the poor (Elizabeth R). Queen Elizabeth had to be harsh and
strict with Catholics, more than she would have preferred in order to maintain peace in England
(Elizabeth R). Although Queen Elizabeth was nice, she could also be very strict. When Catholics
rebelled she reacted quickly, she had them killed, took away their properties, or imprisoned them.
After years of rebellion and fighting, England became a Protestant Country in the early 1600's
(Pitchard 103). "The significance of the Elizabethan religious settlement is that it was able to hold
the vast majority of the people together, despite being a compromise few would have chosen"
(Elizabeth I).

Elizabethan Era
The Elizabethan Age is the time period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was an age considered to be the
height of the English Renaissance, and saw the full flowering of English literature and English
poetry. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, composed and staged plays in a
variety of settings that broke away from England's past style of plays. It was an age of expansion
and exploration abroad, while at home the Protestant Reformation was established and successfully
defended against the Catholic powers of the Continent. The Elizabethan Age is viewed so highly
because of the contrasts with the periods before and after. It was ... Show more content on
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There followed several long years of breathless suspense; then in 1588 the Armada sailed and was
utterly overwhelmed in one of the most complete disasters of the world's history. Thereupon the
released energy of England broke out exultantly into still more impetuous achievement in almost
every line of activity. The great literary period is taken by common consent to begin with the
publication of Spenser's 'Shepherd's Calendar' in 1579, and to end in some sense at the death of
Elizabeth in 1603, though in the drama, at least, it really continues many years longer. Several
general characteristics of Elizabethan literature and writers should be indicated at the outset. 1. The
period has the great variety of almost unlimited creative force; it includes works of many kinds in
both verse and prose, and ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most delightful
romance to the level of very repulsive realism. 2. It was mainly dominated, however, by the spirit of
romance. 3. It was full also of the spirit of dramatic action, as befitted an age whose restless
enterprise was eagerly extending itself to every quarter of the globe. 4. In style it often exhibits

The Charity Organization Society
1. The Charity Organization Society was based in the scientific movement of organizations. Workers
believed that charity work needed more definition and organization and that charity should be
focused more on individual need rather than as a whole population. Focusing on individual need
was intended to improve relief operations while making resources more efficient. They also
intended to eliminate public outdoor relief. With the promotion of more organization and efficiency
the new Charity Organization Societies were born. Trattner states that these new requirements for
organization and efficiency spread so "rapidly that within 6 years 25 cities had such organizations
and by the turn of the century there were some 138 of them in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This evidence made it clear that dependency was linked to misfortune rather than misconduct
(Trattner, 1999). The new conclusions about poverty made way for reform in poverty relief; within
this reform where the roots of the Settlement House Movement lie.
The Settlement House Movement was a response to the Charity Organization Society who had made
little efforts to improve living and working conditions of the poor. Where C.O.S had "friendly
visitors" Settlement House workers considered themselves social reformers rather than charity
workers (Trattner, 1999). Their approach was to prevent ails that the poor suffered from such as
urban living and working conditions. They also attempted to bridge the gaps between classes and
races. These workers were not interested in just giving out financial or verbal relief they were trying
to reform society and the way the poor were viewed.
This new ideology of the Settlement House Movement was very different from that of the C.O.S
who had focused on individual need rather than looking at society as a whole as a cause of poverty.
Where C.O.S provided spiritual uplift the Settlement House Movement promoted social and
economic change (Trattner, 1999). C.O.S workers focused on dependency while Settlement House
workers were concerned with the reasons behind poverty. Settlement House workers focused on
equality within their philosophy and in their

How Successful Was Elizabethan Foreign Policy Between...
How successful was Elizabethan Foreign Policy between 1558 and 1588 From the amicable
friendship with Spain and traditional rivalry with France and Scotland at the beginning of her reign,
Elizabeth had transformed the state of foreign affairs so that, by 1588, England was friendly with
Scotland, allied with France and warring with Spain. Facing these three threats at different points in
time and having to keep an eye on the Spanish Netherlands – a gateway to England for any invading
nations – along with the varying opinions of her Privy Councillors, the aims of Elizabethan foreign
policy constantly varied, but one thing was clear: At all costs, Elizabeth wanted to avoid war with
any major power thus her policy was limited and defensive for the majority of the time period. But
how successful was Elizabethan foreign policy? Through the different threats and aims, the success
of her policy fluctuated thus this essay will argue Elizabeth was not mostly successful in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a struggle for power between the Catholics and Protestants, and it was only with
Elizabeth's intervention that the Lords of the Congregation managed to retain their power, but even
this was a close call. This can be seen as a failure for Elizabeth as she was wholly against rebellion
against the rightful monarch, thus her intervention against Mary's seat of power in Scotland went
against Elizabeth's own beliefs. Further failure can be seen in 1579 – 80 when Esme Stuart became a
favourite of James VI in the Scottish court. Likely an agent of the Guise, Esme manipulated James
VI and overthrew Morton in an attempt to revive the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France,
planning an invasion of England with the English Catholics. This shows how, in Scotland,
Elizabethan foreign policy was successful in all but a few

Factors that Influenced Shakespeare's Writing of Romeo and...
Factors that Influenced Shakespeare's Writing of Romeo and Juliet
Shakespeare was clearly influenced by the events of his time, and this is apparent especially in
Romeo and Juliet. To dismiss this play as a mere fable is to overlook some very important religious
and political changes of the time which are evidently woven into the storyline of the play.
Shakespeare's religious beliefs are uncertain, but it is known that his father was Catholic, and that he
lived in a time of religious stratification across both community and family ties. As a result of the
queen's toleration for vagueness in this area, people became accustomed to "religious tension and
confusion at a very personal level". Many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The youth of England however, were not content with the Settlement. This applies especially to the
Protestant youth who wanted "the Reformation to be completed on a model provided by Jean
Calvin's Geneva". Otherwise known as Puritans, they viewed the Settlement as a kind of
intermediate state. This extreme version of Protestantism, as well as the remaining Catholics whose
loyalty still belonged only to the Pope, continued to prevent the nation from reaching religious
stability.
Shakespeare, who was a loyal subject and supporter of the queen, offers a commentary on this
situation in Romeo and Juliet. The Queen's church reflected her own "likings for the externals of
Catholic worship" and she hated the "religious enthusiasm" of the Puritan movement. The
Settlement also allowed her to stay in control over the state religion, whereas the Puritan belief in
independent church government undermined her power and the national unity she tried to reach.
Although it would seem that Romeo and Juliet is a criticism of the well–known social rules that
regarded marriage as being contradictory to actual romantic love, a closer reading of the text shows
that the youth in the play are the ones whose actions result in violence and death.
Shakespeare seems to dispute the individual's

The Reformation And The Theological Tenets Of The Reformation
The view that salvation can be attained through faith alone was one largely responsible for the
theological shift that was observed across Europe during the Reformation, and was the ideology that
created the rift that still exists between the Catholic and Protestant church. Whilst the English
Reformation is said to have begun with the Act of Supremacy and the break from Rome, Henry
VIII's Church of England remained doctrinally conservative and did not accept the Protestant
affirmation that salvation could be attained by faith alone. Indeed, it was not until Elizabeth's
religious settlement that justification by faith was incorporated into the doctrine of the Church of
England. However, this is not to say that it was not the key theological tenet of the English
Reformation, just as it was the key doctrine across Europe, but rather that Henry VIII's Reformation
may be viewed largely as a political rather than a theological one.
In 1520, Luther wrote that, 'faith... unites the soul with Christ, as a bride united with her
bridegroom'. In this, Luther highlights the importance of establishing an intimate relationship
between Christ and the believer. The faith that Luther describes is one that is more than simply
realising that Christ's word is full of grace; it is a formed faith, as Aquinas would define, one where
the believer actively assents to Christ's salvific love. Many of Luther's contemporaries in the
Catholic tradition, alongside many Lutheran critics today, criticise his

How Did Catholics Pose A Significant Threat In England
There is much historical debate as to whether Catholics posed a significant threat in England. Duffy
has found through the study of wills that Catholic views were still seen in a large section of the
population. However, Doran suggests that "long and relentless government persecutions" forced
many Catholics from their faith. This would indicate that there is uncertainty as to the Catholic
threat domestically and Murphy would certainly argue that due to the increasingly hostile situation
in Europe that the bigger Catholic threat came from abroad. When the Elizabethan Church
Settlement was created Elizabeth attempted to return religious policy to the way it had been at the
end of Henry VIII's reign; there is also an indication the settlement was driven by a need for
political expediency. Elizabeth herself is seen by historians such as C Haigh as a sincere and
committed protestant due to her upbringing; however, she recognised that a large population of
England was still Catholic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1580's both the Throckmorton Plot, a planned invasion of England from Scotland and the
Netherlands, and the Babington Plot, in which it was planned to murder Elizabeth and release Mary
Queens of Scots from house arrest, were uncovered. Furthermore, England experienced the invasion
of the Spanish Armada, which Philip of Spain viewed as a crusade and thought would lead to a full
Roman Catholic restoration. However all of these plots were unsuccessful and many historians
would argue that this was because there was no appetite from English Catholics for an invasion
from abroad. Also, many Catholics saw Elizabeth as the rightful Queen and many of these plots
"were regarded with horror or distaste by most of the English Catholic laity whose religious
differences with the Queen did not readily convert them wither into supporters of assassination or a
foreign conquest of

The Elizabeth Poor Law
Elizabeth Poor Laws: Why were they so important in the development of social welfare in North
America?: The Elizabeth Poor Law advocated and placed responsibility of the poor to the churches
and government. If parishes could not meet the responsibilities, counties were required to assume
relief–giving functions. The government became the chief enforcer of poor relief. However, the
local parishes fulfilled their welfare responsibilities in several ways. They provided outdoor relief to
persons in the homes; provided indoor relief to person in special institutions that came to be
variously known as almshouse, poorhouses or workhouses; or required person to become indenture
servants or apprentices. It also required relatives to care ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like England , North America had to create a social welfare system that would benefit all
immigrants and citizens. North America today has welcomed millions of immigrants from different
cultures and political views. Tylor, said that culture is "that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
and woman as a member of society." Without a social welfare act, it would be impossible to
function in a society that embraces so many cultures with different political and social beliefs. It is
unrealistic to believe that North America is, or was equipped and prepared to provide financial
support, employment, health care, education and other types of support with equal distributions to
society as a whole. The Elizabethethan Poor Laws, puts emphasis on the group of people who
cannot protect or provide for themselves. North America imitates, The Elizabethan Poor Law, as
North America had to develop a social welfare system that would acknowledge that North America,
does not have equal distribution of wealth. For example, North American had to create the TANF
program to assist those who are poor and cannot work, and have no money to take care of their
families. Families who receive fund through TANF program are consider to be very poor families
who need cash assistance in order to maintain support themselves and their families.

Elizabethan Era Dbq Essay
The Elizabethan Era took place from 1558 to 1603. The Elizabethan era is also known as the Golden
age and was during Elizabeth I reign. This epoch in English history witnessed many threats and
changes in the tide of social, political and artistic life in England. This epoch was during the time of
the Renaissance and was an age of exploration and expansion abroad. This was the last period
before England joined a union with Scotland. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from
17th November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was also known as The Virgin Queen or Good
Queen Bess, the childless Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Elizabeth's
forces defeated the Spanish Armada and saved England from invasion. She ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Elizabeth's personal love for the arts helped the artistic life to become more fashionable and
attractive for the wealthy members of the court and by their support and money, the arts could now
blossom. This support allowed the arts to flourish as it did. However, Elizabeth didn't support the
artistic life only because of her love for it, it was the perfect way to lead propaganda and keeping the
people calm. Theatres was also used as a tool for teach people norms and rules of the society, and
that even to the illiterate in the country. She also knew that the people of England were desperate for
some entertainment after years of wars, disease and poverty. The era Renaissance itself was also a
significant factor for this

Secret Sin In The Scarlet Letter
"Happy you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret!
Thou little knowest what a relief it is, after the torment of a seven years' cheat, to look into an eye
that recognizes me for what I am!" (Hawthorne 131). The inner torment seen within Dimmesdale
reflected the weight of his sin emphasized by the Puritan culture. The social constructs created and
withheld by the Puritans lead to the demise of one character, and the awakening of another in The
Scarlet Letter. The utilization of the symbolic scarlet letter and portrayal of the effects of secret sin
on human nature, allowed Hawthorne to effectively create a historically accurate novel which
reflected the controversy of the time period. In The Scarlet ... Show more content on
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Nathaniel Hawthorne sought to capture the essence and complexity of the religious New England
culture in The Scarlet Letter. In the novel, events such as Hester's shaming in the town square were
considered commonplace, and onlookers could not help but impose their opinion on the matter
(Hawthorne 36). Monika Elbert, in her introductory essay to The Scarlet Letter, explains that
Hawthorne uses the setting of Puritan New England to "show that an individual or a nation cannot
escape the past, and the Puritans carried the vices of the Old World with them to the New World"
(qt. in Swisher

The Distance that Separates us from Shakespeare's...
The Distance that Separates us from Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice
Without a doubt, Shylock of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice has been a subject of much
controversy and debate for scholars and critics worldwide. Specifically, an element of his character
that has been thoroughly reviewed is the harshness with which he proposes his bond with Antonio.
As contemporary readers of the pound of flesh story we are naturally mortified by the fact that
Shylock would call for such barbarous terms. What many of us do not realize is that while we might
feel horror about the idea of the bond, the same is not necessarily true for an Elizabethan audience.
This story has been a major source of misunderstanding for many of its readers, as ... Show more
The dialogue between Shylock and Antonio occurs as follows:
Shylock. This kindness I will show.
Go with me to a notary, seal me there
Your single bond, and, in a merry sport,
If you repay me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums as are
Expressed in the condition, let the forfeit
Be nominated for an equal pound
Of your fair flesh to be cut off and taken
In what part of your body pleaseth me.
Antonio. Content, in faith. I'll seal to such a bond,
And say there is much kindness in the Jew. (2.1.139–149)
It is clear in Antonio's response that he finds nothing extraordinary about these terms at all. Without
hesitation he accepts the conditions of the contract and even goes on to deem Shylock's proposal as
'kind.' In the Shakespearian sense of the word, "kindness" even means tenderness, affection, love, or
humaneness (Grebanier, 98). This should suggest to us that the idea to stake a pound of Antonio's
flesh is by no means a representation of Shylock's devilishness or cruelty. After all, according to
Shylock himself, it is only "in a merry sport" that they shall enter such an agreement.
In light of textual scrutiny, it is also worthwhile to re–examine the court scene in which Shylock is
now demanding the fulfillment of the bond. Shylock's relentless pursuit of 'his' pound of flesh again
serves to discredit his character in

Essay about Jamestown Project
The Jamestown Project discusses the monumental landmark, the colony of Jamestown, was in
Atlantic History. The story of Jamestown is told in a much more authentic, elaborate style than our
textbooks has presented. As Kupperman points out, Jamestown was not only important to United
State's history but also to British history. From the motivations to the lasting effects, she gives an
accurate account of all components involved in Jamestown. Also, there is a chapter devoted to the
Native American experience, which shows a non–Western view of events. The book is written in a
format that is easily read but also compacted with information. More importantly she puts
Jamestown in its right place in United State's and British history, as the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Chapter four analyzes this fascination. It starts off talking about Thomas Trevilian, an author of "an
elaborate commonplace book," that showed "the English public was keenly interested in the world
and in understanding how to categorize the knowledge about all the new things, people, and cultures
of which specimens and descriptions were now available to them. "(109–110) Their thirst for
learning about the new was quenched by frequent plays, narratives and other writings by colonist,
and "cabinets of curiosities," early version of museums. The fifth chapter examines the effect
geography, climate and more importantly the naming of the areas in the colonial era. " The power to
apply a name and make it stick implied ownership and control." (147) Also, it discusses the climate
and weather affect on Jamestown and the world's relation. It talks about the " Little Ice Age," and
how the "colder temperatures were compounded by unprecedented drought throughout North
America in the period of contact and the first settlement." (171) Chapter six contrast Jamestown
with other British colonies in Ireland, the West Indies, Guiana, Roanoke, Newfoundland, and New
England. She focus on Ireland because the colonization of Ireland taught the English how "to
transfer a social order and to transform the native population." (208) The first year of Jamestown
existence is the focus of chapter seven. It's name, "Uncertain Beginnings"

Public Sector Agencies are Best Equiped to Fight Social...
Public Sector Agencies are Best Equiped to Fight Social Injustice
With a new President, in came the rush of a new agenda. Gone were the days of the Clinton era, a
time of continued investment in big government programs and a commitment that the federal
government would assist in healing societal wounds. With President Bush in office, the social work
community knew it was in for big changes.
Armed with an agenda consistent with his conservative beliefs, President Bush came forth with
policies that attempted to downsize the federal role in social issues and social work, to return power
to the states in the form of block grants, and to increase reliance on the market as a solution to
problems. Like his father before him, Bush wanted a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After adopting the Elizabethan Poor Laws from England, the United States seemed to be on its way
to a private social welfare system. The Elizabethan Poor Laws created the distinction between
"worthy" and "unworthy" poor and sent those "unworthy" of help to privately owned and operated
workhouses (or poorhouses). The community and the family took primary responsibility for any
needs a person might have had. Throughout much of the 1700s and 1800s, the government did
nothing to regulate or deliver social services. A voluntary attitude toward societal problems soon
developed (Zastrow, 1999).
The official development of the profession of social work is recognized by scholars to be connected
to the Charity Organization Society (COS) and the Settlement House Movements. Both started in
the late 1800s. Jane Addams founded the first settlement–house in 1889, and the Charity
Organization Society started in Britain in the 1850s. These two separate and different movements
are credited with developing the organization and delivery of social work (Karger & Stoesz, 2001).
The Charity Organization Society, led in the United States by Mary Richmond, finds parallels in
both private sector social work and in the Conservative theory of today. The COS, for example,
attributed poverty to the moral failings of the poor, ignoring social and economic forces that shaped
individual behavior. Believers in private (voluntary)

How Did Elizabeth Manage Parliament?
How successfully did Elizabeth manage parliament? During the reign of Elizabeth I, the Privy
Council and court were the centre of the Elizabethan government. Although parliament was
Elizabeth's necessary method of legislation and raising taxes, it was far from being a regular part of
the governmental system (only being called 13 times during her reign). A leading debate arose when
the historian Sir John Neale argued that there was a considerable amount of conflict between MPs
and the queen. Whereas revisionists, such as Graves and Sir Geoffrey Elton, challenged this view
and argued that the relationship was one of co–operation. I agree with the views of Elton that over
Elizabeth's 46 year reign there was much success, however she faced a ... Show more content on
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Elizabeth I's ability to imprison allowed her to control parliamentary outcomes to some degree, in
1559 she imprisoned Bishops of Lincoln and Winchester, leading to a loss of votes and the passing
of the Act of Uniformity. This is a key example of how Elizabeth used her royal power to manage
parliament, rid of awkward members and secure her desired outcome. The queen used her power to
prorogue efficiently, such as during the push for the 1559 Religious Settlement. This gave Elizabeth
time to plan and listen to the advice Cecil; allowing her to be careful and shrewd decisions when
managing parliament. Elizabeth argued her status as a monarch to control Parliament's demands. In
1556, the Commons petitioned Elizabeth to marry and name a successor, in which she stated "I am
your anointed Queen, I will never be...constrained to do anything"; this effectively controlled
Parliament and successfully forbade further discussion. Elizabeth's success was further strengthened
by her personal tactics in controlling parliament. Much of Elizabeth's success in managing
parliament is due to her personal skills and tactics. Elizabeth used a tactic of moderate reform, such
as through the Religious Settlement, as it successfully isolated extremists and prevented the
encouragement of large–scale extremism. Elizabeth cleverly exploited her gender to successfully
control Parliament. The queen's feminine charm often the loyalty

Elizabethan Era Faiths
During the Elizabethan Era, England underwent a continuing crisis between the Protestant Church
and the Roman Catholic Church. Queen Elizabeth had inherited a nation that had already been
suffering from oppositions of Religion. In previous years, England had undergone many changes
between which faiths they practiced. England had experienced 25 years of religious troubles, they
had been Protestant under King Edward VI and Catholic under Queen Mary I. During her reign of
England, Queen Elizabeth I wanted peace, stability, and wanted her nation's government and church
to be free from decisions based off of influential power. Although threats were made to her crown
and many religious disputes, Queen Elizabeth balanced the shifts and kept the church. She wanted a
church that could appeal to both religions and made decisions to ... Show more content on
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William Shakespeare, a famous English poet and playwright, was an English Catholic in the time of
Queen Elizabeth's reign. At this point in time, practicing Catholicism was illegal and against the law
in England. The strongest evidence of their catholic statement was a book of faith, a Holy Bible,
found in their home in 1757. This book of faith was signed by his father, John Shakespeare. The
Shakespeare family also had several reports of missing Church. William Shakespeare's was a
confirmed member of the Church of England, through records of his children's birth, marriage and
will. With this evidence, the Shakespeare's may have been secretly Catholic, and publicly Protestant.
At the time they had to hide all traces of their religious practice so they would not be persecuted like
the rest of the Catholics practicing openly and illegally. Protestants during this time had a less
challenging life. They were able to openly practice their desired religion without persecution or the
fear of being caught. Protestants had the religious freedom that Catholics did

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