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Making Sense of the Arab
        Revolution & Occupy
                      Extracting, Aggregating & Visualizing Events


                             Thomas Ploeger, Bibiana Armenta,
                          Lora Aroyo, Frank de Bakker, Iina Hellsten



Monday, November 12, 12
When we talk about
  events we want to know ...

        •      Which activists were most active in 2011?


        •      Which Dutch activist organizations have been
               involved in labour strike events?


        •      What type of activists events happened in
               Berlin last year?


        •      What is the most popular activist event so far?


Monday, November 12, 12
When we talk about
  events we want to know ...

        •      Which activists were most active in 2011?


        •      Which Dutch activist organizations have been
               involved in labour strike events?


        •      What type of activists events happened in
               Berlin last year?


        •      What is the most popular activist event so far?


Monday, November 12, 12
Types of queries
         •      Descriptive
              •      What are the properties of the networks that are formed around
                     a campaign?

              •      Which tactics activist groups apply most often to influence norms
                     of companies on issues of CSR?

         •      Narrative
              •      Which actors use a specific tactic at a specific point in time?

         •      Interpretative
              •      How does non-traditional media influence activist groups' tactics
                     and positions (blogs, social media in general)?

              •      Why is one form of tactic chosen by an activist group rather than
                     another one?

                    •     Is it related to the campaign, or to the targeted company

                    •     Is it related to the time, technology, place, or culture?

                    •     Is it related to the tradition of this group?

Monday, November 12, 12
Types of queries
         •      Descriptive
              •      What are the properties of the networks that are formed around
                     a campaign?

              •      Which tactics activist groups apply most often to influence norms
                     of companies on issues of CSR?

         •      Narrative
              •      Which actors use a specific tactic at a specific point in time?

         •      Interpretative
              •      How does non-traditional media influence activist groups' tactics
                     and positions (blogs, social media in general)?

              •      Why is one form of tactic chosen by an activist group rather than
                     another one?

                    •     Is it related to the campaign, or to the targeted company

                    •     Is it related to the time, technology, place, or culture?

                    •     Is it related to the tradition of this group?

Monday, November 12, 12
Occupy Wall Street




      a police officer sprayed 4 protesters with pepper spray

         •      Protesters argued that the use of pepper spray was uncalled for vs. necessary
                (NYPD defended the officer)

         •      The officer stated that the event was taken out of context vs. at fault
                (investigation concludes that the officer was at fault and he was reprimanded)

Monday, November 12, 12
Self-immolation of MB




      Mohamed Bouazizi, Tunisian street vendor set himself on fire to protest after
      officials confiscated his wares.

         •      personal, economic motivation vs. martyr

         •      the spark that ignited Tunisian Revolution & Arab Spring vs. singular personal event

              •      How was he treated by officials when they confiscated his wares?
              •      How did officials respond to his complaints?
              •      Are there any earlier encounters between him and officials?

Monday, November 12, 12
Why is it difficult?
                   •      Information is

                          •   scattered across different sources

                          •   offered in different formats

                          •   often incomplete, incorrect, out of context, bias



                   •      Events are

                          •   perceived from different points of view


Monday, November 12, 12
Mapping Online Networks of Activism
                     alleviating bias by modeling & visualizing activist

Monday, November 12, 12
Activist Events Terminology
               •      Activist Event: an action undertaken by an actor as part of a
                      campaign with the aim of influencing the state (e.g. resolved)
                      of an issue

               •      Tactic: indicates the event type

               •      Actor: a person, group or organization of a given type (e.g.
                      radical, reformative) performing tactics

               •      Company: an organization that triggers an issue

               •      Issue: a topic or problem important to actors and companies

               •      Campaign: consists of a set of events undertaken by an actor
                      aiming to influence the state of an issue


Monday, November 12, 12
Modeling Activist Events




Monday, November 12, 12
Modeling Activist Events




             campaign-centered




Monday, November 12, 12
Modeling Activist Events


                                 event-centered



             campaign-centered




Monday, November 12, 12
ACTEVE-SEM
                          ACTivist EVEnts model based on Simple Event Model

    •       actors, roles, objects, places, times
    •       viewpoints (according to a certain authority), i.e.
            attribution of authoritative source of a statement
            time-bounded validity of facts
            event-bounded roles




Monday, November 12, 12
Example I
     Event that is reported differently by multiple sources



    Multiple
    Sources

                             Multiple
                          Representations


                                              All versions shown
                                            visually, comparatively
Monday, November 12, 12
Example I
     Event that is reported differently by multiple sources

                                            event-bounded roles of actors, e.g. police
                                            officer - aggressor vs. peacekeeper
    Multiple                                sem:View sem:Authority

    Sources

                             Multiple
                          Representations


                                              All versions shown
                                            visually, comparatively
Monday, November 12, 12
Example II
       Event that is reported with or without incorrect context

                                                     Earlier
 Source                                              Events
 Material


                              Event
                          Representation


                                           Event shown in context
                                              of earlier events
Monday, November 12, 12
Example II
       Event that is reported with or without incorrect context

                                                          Earlier
 Source                                                   Events
 Material


                              Event
                          Representation

      time-bounded validity of facts, e.g.
      Mr. Bouazizi - street vendor vs. martyr
      sem:Temporary
                                                Event shown in context
                                                   of earlier events
Monday, November 12, 12
Candidate Events & Entities




Monday, November 12, 12
Candidate Events & Entities




Monday, November 12, 12
Timelines from Text
                            set of events partially ordered by time, e.g. before/after




                                    “al-Qaeda activities in Syria”
                                    4 right, 2 wrong, 3 missing events
                          two have no explicit times & are in the wrong order
   One involved al-Qaeda but took place in Jordan on the Syrian border


                                does a fuzzy task require fuzzy metrics?


Monday, November 12, 12
Metrics
                  • how to measure partial & overall correctness,
                   • compared to the worst/optimal/best timeline
                   • how timeline should optimize for missing data, e.g. times,
                          locations (deduce temporal and spatial position)
                   •      in context of the task or purpose it is used for
                   •      for a given type of queries
                  •       how to determine importance of events (also in context)
                  •       how to determine importance of dimensions (also in context)
                   •      are there dependencies between the different dimensions
                  •       measuring overall coherence of timeline




Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
When visualizing ...
   •      Adjusting the granularity in
          terms of times, locations and
          event types

   •      Comparing different
          perspectives on the same
          event

   •      Showing evolution over time of
          event types, event participants
          or location

   •      Filtering events based on
          (strength of) connections to
          other events, participants,
          places or periods




Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Monday, November 12, 12
Questions?




                               @laroyo
                          http://lora-aroyo.org
Monday, November 12, 12

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Extracting, Aggregating and Visualizing Events from Text

  • 1. Making Sense of the Arab Revolution & Occupy Extracting, Aggregating & Visualizing Events Thomas Ploeger, Bibiana Armenta, Lora Aroyo, Frank de Bakker, Iina Hellsten Monday, November 12, 12
  • 2. When we talk about events we want to know ... • Which activists were most active in 2011? • Which Dutch activist organizations have been involved in labour strike events? • What type of activists events happened in Berlin last year? • What is the most popular activist event so far? Monday, November 12, 12
  • 3. When we talk about events we want to know ... • Which activists were most active in 2011? • Which Dutch activist organizations have been involved in labour strike events? • What type of activists events happened in Berlin last year? • What is the most popular activist event so far? Monday, November 12, 12
  • 4. Types of queries • Descriptive • What are the properties of the networks that are formed around a campaign? • Which tactics activist groups apply most often to influence norms of companies on issues of CSR? • Narrative • Which actors use a specific tactic at a specific point in time? • Interpretative • How does non-traditional media influence activist groups' tactics and positions (blogs, social media in general)? • Why is one form of tactic chosen by an activist group rather than another one? • Is it related to the campaign, or to the targeted company • Is it related to the time, technology, place, or culture? • Is it related to the tradition of this group? Monday, November 12, 12
  • 5. Types of queries • Descriptive • What are the properties of the networks that are formed around a campaign? • Which tactics activist groups apply most often to influence norms of companies on issues of CSR? • Narrative • Which actors use a specific tactic at a specific point in time? • Interpretative • How does non-traditional media influence activist groups' tactics and positions (blogs, social media in general)? • Why is one form of tactic chosen by an activist group rather than another one? • Is it related to the campaign, or to the targeted company • Is it related to the time, technology, place, or culture? • Is it related to the tradition of this group? Monday, November 12, 12
  • 6. Occupy Wall Street a police officer sprayed 4 protesters with pepper spray • Protesters argued that the use of pepper spray was uncalled for vs. necessary (NYPD defended the officer) • The officer stated that the event was taken out of context vs. at fault (investigation concludes that the officer was at fault and he was reprimanded) Monday, November 12, 12
  • 7. Self-immolation of MB Mohamed Bouazizi, Tunisian street vendor set himself on fire to protest after officials confiscated his wares. • personal, economic motivation vs. martyr • the spark that ignited Tunisian Revolution & Arab Spring vs. singular personal event • How was he treated by officials when they confiscated his wares? • How did officials respond to his complaints? • Are there any earlier encounters between him and officials? Monday, November 12, 12
  • 8. Why is it difficult? • Information is • scattered across different sources • offered in different formats • often incomplete, incorrect, out of context, bias • Events are • perceived from different points of view Monday, November 12, 12
  • 9. Mapping Online Networks of Activism alleviating bias by modeling & visualizing activist Monday, November 12, 12
  • 10. Activist Events Terminology • Activist Event: an action undertaken by an actor as part of a campaign with the aim of influencing the state (e.g. resolved) of an issue • Tactic: indicates the event type • Actor: a person, group or organization of a given type (e.g. radical, reformative) performing tactics • Company: an organization that triggers an issue • Issue: a topic or problem important to actors and companies • Campaign: consists of a set of events undertaken by an actor aiming to influence the state of an issue Monday, November 12, 12
  • 12. Modeling Activist Events campaign-centered Monday, November 12, 12
  • 13. Modeling Activist Events event-centered campaign-centered Monday, November 12, 12
  • 14. ACTEVE-SEM ACTivist EVEnts model based on Simple Event Model • actors, roles, objects, places, times • viewpoints (according to a certain authority), i.e. attribution of authoritative source of a statement time-bounded validity of facts event-bounded roles Monday, November 12, 12
  • 15. Example I Event that is reported differently by multiple sources Multiple Sources Multiple Representations All versions shown visually, comparatively Monday, November 12, 12
  • 16. Example I Event that is reported differently by multiple sources event-bounded roles of actors, e.g. police officer - aggressor vs. peacekeeper Multiple sem:View sem:Authority Sources Multiple Representations All versions shown visually, comparatively Monday, November 12, 12
  • 17. Example II Event that is reported with or without incorrect context Earlier Source Events Material Event Representation Event shown in context of earlier events Monday, November 12, 12
  • 18. Example II Event that is reported with or without incorrect context Earlier Source Events Material Event Representation time-bounded validity of facts, e.g. Mr. Bouazizi - street vendor vs. martyr sem:Temporary Event shown in context of earlier events Monday, November 12, 12
  • 19. Candidate Events & Entities Monday, November 12, 12
  • 20. Candidate Events & Entities Monday, November 12, 12
  • 21. Timelines from Text set of events partially ordered by time, e.g. before/after “al-Qaeda activities in Syria” 4 right, 2 wrong, 3 missing events two have no explicit times & are in the wrong order One involved al-Qaeda but took place in Jordan on the Syrian border does a fuzzy task require fuzzy metrics? Monday, November 12, 12
  • 22. Metrics • how to measure partial & overall correctness, • compared to the worst/optimal/best timeline • how timeline should optimize for missing data, e.g. times, locations (deduce temporal and spatial position) • in context of the task or purpose it is used for • for a given type of queries • how to determine importance of events (also in context) • how to determine importance of dimensions (also in context) • are there dependencies between the different dimensions • measuring overall coherence of timeline Monday, November 12, 12
  • 25. When visualizing ... • Adjusting the granularity in terms of times, locations and event types • Comparing different perspectives on the same event • Showing evolution over time of event types, event participants or location • Filtering events based on (strength of) connections to other events, participants, places or periods Monday, November 12, 12
  • 32. Questions? @laroyo http://lora-aroyo.org Monday, November 12, 12