1. Background – Why the Refugees and where are they from. Presented by Lara Civil war in Northern Africa caused by religious differences, tribal alliances and colonialism has lead to humanitarian crisis. Australia has granted 16 759 Humanitarian visas, 11 000 to Sudanese (other countries – Liberia, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Congo and Eritrea). DIMIA (2004) Sudan – north is mainly Muslim and Arabic speaking. South is mainly Christian and languages include Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk, Zande and Bari. (Brown, Miller & Mitchell, 2006) Refugee compared to Immigrant Refugee children suffer diverse traumatic experiences that greatly affect their success in adjusting to a new country. (Strekalova & Hoot, 2008) Experience of the refugee child is rarely ever similar to the experience of the teacher Issues faced by refugee children in schools – identity issues, cultural shock, explosive anger, problems with authority, inability to concentrate, withdrawal and age inappropriate behaviour.

2. Addressing the educational challenges faced by African refugee background (ARB) students.Presented by Elisabeth Studies have identified needs and possible solutions. (Oliver, Haig & Grote) Many children present with a range of emotional, social, health and familial issues that impact their learning. Cultural differences makes the “fitting in” process challenging for teachers and students. Educators need to receive practical support and professional development to ensure positive interaction with ARB students. http://youtu.be/cWpan7ZjSI8

3. Acknowledging the barriers homework produces to innovate solutions for educational success or refugeesPresented by Ayah Nurture vs. nature Tolerated vs. accepted Past vs. present Physical vs. psychological Parents vs. teachers HOMEWORK

4. Stimulus Question 1 http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exibition/sudanesestories/abour-grace-jook Can you identify the biases or assumptions about refugee children that prevent them receiving effective education?

6. Caregivers’ perceptions of discipline.