Essay Social Contract.pdfEssay Social Contract

Essay Social Contract
The Social Contract–
Rousseau's principal aim in writing The Social Contract is to determine how freedom may be
possible in civil society, and we might do well to pause briefly and understand what he means by
"freedom." In the state of nature we enjoy the physical freedom of having no restraints
on our behavior. By entering into the social contract, we place restraints on our behavior, which
make it possible to live in a community. By giving up our physical freedom, however, we gain the
civil freedom of being able to think rationally. We can put a check on our impulses and desires, and
thus learn to think morally. The term "morality" only has significance within the
confines of civil ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the group collectively is more important than each individual that makes it up. The sovereign
and the general will are more important than its subjects and their particular wills. Rousseau goes so
far as to speak of the sovereign as a distinct individual that can act of its own accord.
We might react to these arguments with serious reservations, and indeed, Rousseau has been accused
of endorsing totalitarianism. We live in an age where individual rights are considered vitally
important, and it is insulting to think that we are just small parts of a greater whole. Rather than
make freedom possible, it would seem to us that Rousseau's system revokes freedom.
Rousseau would not take these charges lying down, however. Looking at us in the new millennium,
he might suggest that we are not free at all. On the whole, we may lack any kind of personal agency
or initiative. We often have difficulty interacting with one another in any meaningful way, and it
could be argued that our decisions and behavior are largely dictated to us by a consumer culture that
discourages individual thought.
His system, he might claim, only seems unattractive to us because we have totally lost the
community spirit that makes people want to be together. Citizens in his ideal republic are not forced
into a community: they agree to
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The Social Contract Theory Of Society
The social contract theory is the view that in order to form a stable society, a contract or agreement
must made implementing the people's ethical and political obligations . Before this theory people
lived in the state of nature meaning, there was no government and no laws were enforced to control
their community . Everyone did what they wanted freely. Although "freely" may sound like a good
thing; when someone committed, what we call in today's society, a crime, they received no
punishment for it back then . The Social Contract was a way for people to organize their own
government and assemble laws that had to be followed by everyone. Doing so, allowed people to
find understanding in how administration and authority works, and allowed ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As time went on a theorist arose, a man named John Locke. Along with him having a different
perception of the social contract theory compared to Thomas Hobbes, he also had a different view
on what the state of nature was. Locke was actually the most influential theorist to the founding
fathers, specifically Thomas Jefferson . The third theorist was John Rawls. Rawls name for his
theory of the social contract was actually often called the A Theory of Justice . These three theorists
of the Social Contract have strong beliefs about how a government should work and what concepts
are most important, as well as I do. I've proposed a Social Contract that's based on different views
and different philosophical justifications from these three theorists. My social contract is based on a
very thoughtful and intellectual idea of fariness and equality among our nation. Before societies
came into existence people lived an ordinary life. Everyone went through accomplishments and
tragedies, as we do now. However, people didn't have laws implemented to protect them from any
type of crime. Regulations weren't put into action to eliminate the taking advantage of lower class
citizens. I've based my Social Contract off of the issue of crime and people in higher ranking taking
advantage of others below them. My social contract is an agreement between the people and those
holding specific positions in the government, where the main focus is equality and fairness being
present between

Rousseau's The Social Contract
Our world has many components both physical and nonphysical that make it what it is, we have
certain powerful ideas like religion, which are very important and give us faith and some ethics and
other essential ideas, but religion itself isn't followed by everyone and in fact there are several
religions that don't connect at all. Unlike religion, laws and those who enforce them are universally
followed and for the most part, respected. We have rules and laws for huge crimes like murder or
terrorism and once those crimes are committed, these who commit them are often punished fairly
but on the contrary we have small punishments for breaking little and irrelevant rules. In The Social
Contract written by eighteenth century philosopher Jean–Jacques ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Those families who live in the inner–cities identify themselves different from other Americans,
Elijah Anderson explains this in the first paragraph of the first chapter. He explains that they alienate
themselves by using terms like "Decent" which is usually made up of middle class values and
behaviors, and the terms "Street", and "Ghetto", which are usually people who are poorer and have
more violence, drugs, gangs and usually have people ending up in

A Critique Of The Social Contract
A Critique of the Social Contract According To John Locke
Introduction
John Locke embedded his political ideas in the form of two treatises popularly known as Two
Treatises on Civil Government that he authored in 1690. In the first treatise, Locke disagrees with
the political and social philosophy of Robert Filmer in his work known as Patriacha, authored in
1654. The second treatise contains Locke's viewpoint on political philosophy where he expounds the
origin, authority and the significance of a civil government. In addition, the treatise contains his
view on the state of nature, the social contract, political groupings, types of government and a
citizen's right to own private property.
The Social Contract Theory
Unlike his predecessor, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, human beings can be depended upon based on the fact that they are rational. Unlike
Hobbes, Locke believed that human beings are unselfish and social. It is only in exceptional cases
that some human beings are selfish, overly competitive and aggressive otherwise; most human
beings are able to rule themselves through the law of nature or through rational thinking. Human
beings are born free and are equal. The presence of reason in human beings ensures that they remain
rational in their dealings. This factor enables human beings to discover the right behavior as seen in
their control of emotions, anger, and expression of love among others. Instinctively, man desires to
live in peace and harmony with fellow men.
In regard to the state of nature, Locke contrasts Hobbes by asserting that there was law, order, peace
and private property. Political legitimacy and power is derived from the state of nature since
according to Locke, man has always lived in perfect equality and freedom where human beings
order their actions and use their property within the confines of the law of nature. However, the state
of nature does not imply misuse of liberty but using such liberty for the good of self

Weaknesses Of Social Contract Theory
Social Contract theory is the idea that in the beginning people lived in the state of nature with no
government and laws to regulate them. In order to overcome the issues involved in the state of
nature, people entered into agreements to protect themselves and their properties. They did this by
uniting, rescinding certain rights under the state of nature, and pledging themselves to an authority
that will guarantee certain protections. They all agree to live together under those laws and create a
mechanism that enforces the contract and the laws that come with it. Some political theorists, such
as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, have differing views as to what the state of nature is and what
should constitute as a social contract. One ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More precisely, children are just as likely to contract with their mothers as they are with their fathers
for protection. Additionally, given the lack of a modern family structure, it is unlikely that a child
would know the exact identification of their father. Carole Pateman points out that under these
conditions of nature, it would seem unlikely that women would agree to have children. According to
Hobbes, they have the same primary drive for survival and perpetual existence that men do. The
question then lies: why would women put themselves at greater risk by caring for children?
Carole Pateman prompts us that the worrying part of Hobbes's idea of family may not be its
contractual form but its absolutism. While in his political contract we give absolute rule to the
sovereign, such as a monarch, in the family contract we also turn power over to an absolute ruler.
This absolute ruler is the "master" of the family. While Hobbes leaves open the possibility that the
mother could be the master of the household, however, mothers and women are removed from the
discussion of the family once the idea of the master is introduced. Pateman also dismisses Hobbes's
acknowledgement of female sovereigns as simply a logical possibility. She goes even further: "the
sovereign cannot be the mother, given the conjectural history of the origin of the family

Social Contract And The Civil Society
The social contract and the push for individuals to enter it rely on some conception of a state of
nature. Whilst the expected behaviour of persons in the state of nature differs among the social
contract theorists, the classical writings all share one common feature, a "generalised potential for
threat" from other persons (Dicus 2015, p. 105). However, the nature of this threat in the
hypothetical state of nature is not verifiable, as is the transition to civil society. The "signing" of the
social contract is also not literal, and none of the societies that the social contract theorists write
from have entered into such an agreement. The most comparable circumstance to agreeing to enter
into a social contract is the period of rebuilding society after revolution, but this relies on members
of the society having the freedom to remain an individual or join (Gough 1957). The killing of
dissenting persons also suggests that comparison is ineffective. Even so, social contract remains a
popular justification of the state, albeit declining in popularity since the 17th and 18th century,
despite its hypothetical nature. Rawls attempts to justify it by arguing that the demands of the
hypothetical contract with equal and frees individuals are the closest theorists can come to being a
voluntary scheme of obedience to the law (Simmons 1999). On the other hand, William Paley (cited
in Gough 1957, p.197) argues that a non–factual contract cannot be used as a foundation for any
theory and

Liberalism and Social Contract Essay
Liberalism and Social Contract
Charles Larmore speaks of moral complexity as it exists in a pluralistic sense. The idea of pluralism
says that each and every person has their own separate conception of the good as it appears to them.
It is I virtually impossible to have to separate entities come up with the same exact concept of the
"Good Life" and what it holds for them. As there are these conflicts ideals that exist in each of us it
is possible for our conception of the good to come under attack from competing concepts that are
held by others around us. Some one who is Muslim may have a conception of the good that wants to
eradicate me and my notion of the good. There needs to exist some centralized ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Larmore brings this to point in the way of his modus vivendi which is useful to have a justice that
exists in the state to protect our own conception of the good respectively.
Hume wrote of justice as an "artificial" virtue that we create to make things in life work. Larmore
thinks that there is a problem with this idea of an artificial virtue, he argues that "what distinguishes
an artificial virtue from a natural one (such as courage) cannot be that it fails to be 'instinctive,' as
Hume wrote," (Larmore, 70–71) this is evident in that every virtue must be learned in some way
either by teaching of the intellectual or the habituation of the moral virtues that Hume considers
natural. It is important to see what Hume thought of as the "circumstances of justice" that are
explained in two groups, the external and the internal that cause conflict based on wants and needs
and individual concepts of the good respectively. This conflict creates a need for the virtue of justice
to take care of the problems that arise. This encompasses the principle of liberal justice that is
necessary for anyone to keep their conception of the good life. This modus vivendi or way of living
is a means of accommodation between the political right and the individual concept of the good. It is
a sort of pragmatic principle the helps us all get along in this pluralistic setting of any society. This
comes of

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Social Contract Theory
In the Elements of Moral Philosophy, written by James Rachels, the theory of Social Contract
Theory is defined as "the set of rules, governing behaviors, that rational people will accept, on the
condition that others accept them as well" (Rachels EMP 85). The author describes that the theory
aims to explain the purpose of both morality and government within a society. Rachels states that
the "purpose of morality is to make social living possible; the purpose of government is to enforce
vital moral rules (Rachels EMP 85). In essence, social contract theory dictates an implicit set of
rules by which a specific society is governed. The set of rules lays the framework for what will be
considered moral or not within the society. The goal of this essay is to objectively analyze the
strengths and weaknesses of the social contract theory, and describe how they impact the world.
Ultimately, even though the text provides concerns regarding the disadvantages of the contract, the
contract still exists today and thus can be successful despite the author's criticism. Social contract
theory promotes the existence of social order and provides the foundation for morality (Rachels
EMP 82). Even though that there exists a strong inclination for the emergence of anarchy without a
common source of morality, philosophers like Hobbes, believe that the enticement is built into
society by humanity existing among each other. The need inherently exists for humanity to form
some sort of accord to

The Theories Of The Social Contract Theory
It is apposite at this juncture to define what social contract connotes. Social contract is the voluntary
agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, as of Hobbes, Locke,
or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual
protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members.
The social contract theory or model was originated during the age of enlightment. Social contract
arguments typically posit that individuals have consented, either explicitly or tacitly to surrender
some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate (or to the decision of a
majority), in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.
Despite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They too did not want chaos. But a careful reasoning will bring to fore that these rights preceded the
state and therefore they were not gifts of the state. The coercive power of the state became
secondary to the reliance on individual virtue, that is, order would result from individuals pursuing
their self–interests while remaining mindful of their social contract obligations. These ideas
produced the great liberal traditions that led to the sovereignty of the people and liberal democracy,
a universal claim for genuine autonomy of the individual in a democratic society.
Thomas Hobbes believed that politics should be based on the desire of power and the fear of death.
He advocated for the creation of a powerful state, what he called a "Leviathan". ("A government to
protect the people from one another to keep them in awe") In the "Social Contract" Hobbes said that
men should give up rights to an authority to act for them, on their behalf. He said that sovereign
authority had to be absolute to overcome fear of death in nature. With this said, it basically meant
that the governments only reason for existing was for the safety of the people. He also believed that
no person was subject to any power above them, so there was no certain power to protect any one
power from

Pateman's Argument In The Fraternal Social Contract
Pateman main argument in The Fraternal Social contract is that the social contract is formed by men
as a way to rule over the bodies of women. She argues that during discussions and arguments of the
social contract "there is a silent about the part of the story which reveals the social contract is a
fraternal pact that constitutes civil society as a patriarchal or masculine order" (Pateman 1989: 33).
She goes on to say "to insist that patriarchy is nothing more than paternal rule is itself a patriarchal
interpretation" (Pateman 1989: 35) and discussed at a length the transition from a traditional form of
patriarchy to a modern form of patriarchy. In her article, Pateman compares and contrast the views
of famous philosophers such as Filmer, Locke, and Rousseau to strengthen her point. ... Show more
Pateman argues that "the fact that the social contract is not an agreement between individual fathers
or husbands, but a fraternal pact becomes particularly clear in Freud's version of the social contract
story" (Pateman 1989: 41), a story in which brothers killed their father and formed a contract
between themselves to share the women that once belong to their father. She goes on to say that "the
contract constitutes patriarchal civil society and the modern, astrictive rule of men over women"
(Pateman 1989: 43). Furthermore, she discusses how "the fraternal social contract is a specifically
modern reformulation of this patriarchal tradition." She argues that "the father is dead, but the
brothers appropriate the ability specific to women" (Pateman 1989:

One of Rousseau's most accredited books is "The Social Contract" in which he explains his beliefs
and views on the best way to approach and create legitimate government. Rousseau explains that a
government's purpose is to unite and bring people into harmony and understanding under the
general will of the population. He also elaborates on the idea that the government should not only
represent the people, but the citizens themselves must be actively involved in politics, society, and
civic duties. Additionally, one must have an involvement in the lawmaking procedure and decision
because if they are part of such, they would work without objection with the confidence that
whatever helps society will be favorable to them. Rousseau like Locke had ... Show more content on
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They both agreed that self–preservation was really important for men in the state of nature. Locke
on the other hand, described the original state of nature to be a state of perfect freedom in where an
individual could do whatever they wish. He assumed that in the state of nature an individual is led
by reason, and that reason showed and taught people how to behave and showed them the
differences between right and wrong. However, he also understands that even though men are
capable of reasoning, they do not always act reasonable although some people might be born in
different situations with better talents. He also explains that, "Every man has a property in his own
person," as well as the "labour of his body" (Locke 8) in which one has the right to work and own
property. No one has the right to rob another individual of his life, health, freedom, and belongings.
And if someone hurts an individual that person has the right to execute the law and punish the
aggressor. At this point, Rousseau explains that "everyone has a right to punish the transgressors of
the law of nature" (Locke 8). Locke's main purpose was to preserve one's life and their individual
liberties; his ideal

Jean Jacques Rousseau Social Contract
The Social Contract In ancient times all men lived in a state of nature until hardships and the
necessity to form a civil society between one another became eminent. Jean Jacques Rousseau's
"The Social Contract," analyses the steps and reasoning behind this transition. In Rousseau's work
he focuses on several key terms in order to define this transition clearly, they include: state of
nature, social contract, civil society, general will, and the sovereign.
It would be impossible to define the latter terms without first analyzing Rousseau's definition of
state of nature. This has to do with the fact that none of the terms have relevance without the
existence of the state of nature. According to Rousseau, the state of nature is when ... Show more
These social contracts between individuals are the foundations of our modern societies which
include the general will and the sovereign. Though the civil society and social contract do exist in
today's society, Rousseau's state of nature could never be in existence. In reality, it is impossible to
have ever been in a state of nature. This is supported by Rousseau's idea that at birth, one is born
into a society called "family." This society is eventually dissolved but children eventually build a
social contract with individuals as they grow up and mature. Furthermore, this supports the fact that
social contracts and civil societies do exist, even when the state of nature never did. Each day, this is
immanent when one forms social bounds with the people around them. Rousseau's ideas developed
from his time period and his life. He was writing this essay during the French Revolution which is in
itself a perfect example of the destruction of a social contract between a society and its king and
turning into a social contract of the general will of the population to form a new society. Though our
time period may be different then those of Rousseau's, his message will still have a

The Social Contract is an agreement by a group of people that enter for mutual benefit between
individuals. Similar to Locke's social contract, Rousseau wanted his citizens to have rights, liberty,
freedom and equality. This quote from Rousseau book "The Social Contract" summarizes his belief
on human nature, "In a well governed state, there are few punishments, not because there are many
pardons, but because criminals are rare; it is when a state is in decay that the multitude of crimes is a
guarantee of impunity." (The Social Contract). In the quote it tries to state that crimes don't happen
because people are naturally evil but that the community or country corrupts the person. This
concludes that Rousseau's view on human nature is that

Social Contract Research
Pacing steadily up to the cashier, the masked man presses the pistol against the cashiers' head. He
demands for all the cash, and the employee stares blankly forward. Sweat trickles down the worker's
face but she stands there, paralysed. He pushes the muzzle harder into her temple and her trembling
hand reaches forward. In a matter of seconds he starts to yell and all of a sudden the girl is lying on
the floor lifeless. In the matter of two minutes, a life was exchanged for a few hundred dollars and a
candy bar. It is hard to rationalize a scenario such as this, but in reality, it is a rather common
occurrence. Sadly, Humans can be brutal and destructive creatures. Is it instinct or our society to
blame? The great theorists of the enlightenment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rationality is highly subjective and it could be argued that those inclined to have aggressive and
anti–social behaviour are not rational beings. With "aggressive behaviour", violent inclination, and
detached nature, those with the warrior gene may not be able to make rational decisions (Powledge,
2016). With this conclusion, the rationality of those with the warrior gene is questionable and
therefore unfit to accept the conditions of the social contract. The social contract wholly depends on
the compliance of the people. Not to mention, the study found that those imprisoned were highly
linked to the gene while non–criminal controls were not (Thomas, 2016). The fact that those with
the gene are disobeying the law anyways proves that the system at work currently is not stopping
individuals from acting on their aggressive inclinations. Their lack of acceptance of the social
contract makes gene discrimination more appealing for those who do give consent. Chaos manifests
as the incentive to follow the social contract collapses as more people refuse the social contract. If
treatment for those with the gene would mean more compliance to the law, it may be the ethical
decision. However, again, the social contract is dependent on the rationality of beings and with the
question of what is rational or not being up in the air, it is impossible to determine whether
genetically combatant humans should be under the same jurisdiction as everyone

What is the Social contract theory? Essay
Write a 1,400– to 1,750–word paper in which you analyze the social contract theory of John Locke
and how the values identified are consistent with the criminal justice system and private security
settings. Do these values and principles apply to both venues?
What are the key principles associated with Locke's social contract theory?
How are these principle inculcated in the U.S. Bill of Rights?
How do the principles play out in the criminal justice system and security settings?
Describe freedom in relationship to personal rights and ethical standards and obligations. Write a
1,400– to 1,750–word paper in which you analyze the social contract theory of John Locke and how
the values identified are consistent with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
vWrite a 1,400– to 1,750–word paper in which you analyze the social contract theory of John Locke
Describe freedom in relationship to personal rights and ethical standards and obligations.
Describe freedom in relationship to personal rights and ethical standards and obligations.
What are the key principles associated with

The Social Contract Theory Essay
1a. The Social Contract Theory According to the Social Contract Theory, it suggests that all
individuals must depend on an agreement/ or contract among each person to form a society, in
which they live in. The concept emphasizes authority over individuals, in other words, the social
contract favors authority (e.g. the Sovereign) over the individuals, because men have to forfeit their
personal right and freedom to the government, in exchange for protection and security, which I will
further elaborate in this paper. In the book Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes was one of the first to discuss
the social contract. Hobbes explains that all human beings are born in "the state of nature", which
means that all men used to live in the primitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, "for such is the nature of men, that howsoever may acknowledge many others to be more
witty, or more eloquent, or more learned, and they will hardly believe there be many so wise as
themselves". (Hobbes, 1651, p.184). However, individuals would believe that some men would be
inferior or superior to them, as a result, each person in the state of nature is in fear of others who
may attack for any reasons (e.g. gain, safety, and glory). But, men never wanted to live in fear, in
contrary, they wanted peace in their life. In such dilemma, individuals must agree on rule to govern
their actions. In other words, men enter the social contract, which requires them to give up their
rights and freedom, and act upon the general rules to the sovereign. By agreeing to the mutual
consent, individuals also agree to obey the laws, and submit their obedience to the sovereign.
However, the sovereign, in exchange, must guaranty the safety and protection of each of its
members for their rights and obedience. Nevertheless, the social contract theory make men lose their
moral obligations, and forces men to act more civilize to ensure a functioning society for all its
members.
In conclusion, Hobbes argues that people live in a state of

The Magna And Rousseau Theory Of The Social Contract
Magna Carta vs Rousseau
The Magna Carta and Rousseau theory of the social contract are both different and similar in many
ways. The Magna Carta protects a certain group of people. And the Rousseau theory of the social
contract is to protect everyone. But they also have a lot of similarities such as the fact that they both
put restrains on the government.
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta is a series of documents that represent an important step in the progression of
governance in western civilization. The foundation of the Magna Carta was that everybody
including the king was subjected to the law. This document defined and limited the federal rights of
the monarch. In spite of what the Magna Carta outlooks today, this document was not written with
proud ideas of justice and liberty in mind. It was initially meant as a peace treaty between king john
and his barons, with whom he was at war with. The barons had seized London and john found
himself in a political jumble, he need a swift way out solution. The document only covers the
nobility, connected, the land owners. So blacks, kids, women, and the poor was not covered by the
Magna Carta. The Magna Carta never accomplish its goal of producing peace. In datum it failed
dramatically. Granting john agreed to the Magna Carta at first, he swiftly became acrimonious when
his terms were enforced upon him. He transcribed a letter to the pope to get it null and void. The
pope essentially happened to come to an agreement with john, by

The Function of a Social Contract
What is the Function of a Social Contract?
Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato
mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of
justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean
Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a
social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s).
The basic concept of a social contract is for members of society to enter into a voluntary contract,
which allows society to go from a state of nature to a state of civilisation. What is meant by a state
of nature is quite similar to how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rousseau attempted to tackle this by the fact that for a society to be set up there is a need for
unanimity and ¡¥the majority binds the rest¡¦. This concept can also be threatened by a corrupt
government who can appear to be projecting the general will when they are just serving their own
ends and benefits. John Rawls is regarded as one of the most important political philosophers of the
twentieth century. His works included the theory of Justice and Justice as Fairness. He is particularly
concerned with the concept of justice in a society. The question is raised on what would be regarded
as a just society. Rawls basically stated that just was seen as fairness. Arguments are also raised on
why there should be a just society. This was tackled by the fact that there are many injustices in
society and this needed to be remedied. There is however no example of a just society existent in the
world today. Also if there is no existence of justice how can we know what injustice really is. It is
important to remember that because of this that the concept is an ideal type. It can be used to
measure existing societies against this ideal type. This also provides society with a goal and the will
to move towards improvements. It is safe to say that it is a process not a product. Rawls theory was
formulated after the other thinkers already mentioned. He tried to develop his theory with regards to
them, as well as striking similarities to the Kantian view of

Social Contract Is The Linchpin Of Democratic Governance
'John Locke's Theory of Social Contract is the Linchpin of democratic governance' Discuss.
Since the beginning of human civilisation, social contracts have helped structure how people and
governments worked together. It is the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are
dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. This
essay sets out to discuss John Locke's social contract theory and the dictum that it is the linchpin of
democratic governance. The essay starts by defining key concepts namely social contract and
democratic governance, and moves on to look at John Locke's philosophy and its relevance to
democratic governance today.
Social contract is defined by American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2011) as a
usually implicit agreement among the members of an organised society or between the governed and
the government defining and limiting the rights and duties of each.
Democratic Governance according to Chama and Maguire (2005) is defined as a system of
government where institutions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only difference being replacing Federative power by Judicial power. In Zimbabwe and indeed
other African States we have opted to use Parliament in place of federative power. Such variations
are common across Africa.
The major problem facing countries is non adherence by the governments to the Social Contract
principles as propounded by John Locke. John Locke argues that if the government does not fulfil its
obligations, citizens can challenge it and choose another Government. According to John Locke this
can only happen at the end of the contract that is after the government's term of office. This is what
is prevailing on the ground today. However in some countries the people have gone contrary to
Locke's ideas and have taken confrontational approach that was advocated by

Rousseau Social Contract
How to Create Social Contract for a Free Nation. Before the Declaration of Independence or the
French revolution, a man named Jean Jacques Rousseau created "The Origin of Civil Society",
which would be a catalyst for the creation of democracy as it is seen today. This analysis will show
how Rousseau believed that civil society is a concept that can be reached; but only when we go
against our human nature and establish a social contract that would be for the people's best interest.
Rousseau begins his document by writing a short prompt about how he was trying to figure out if
there was a way to have a stable government that was civil and what the framework of that society
would look like (Rousseau). He was attempting to make it fit together so that it would not only fit
what people wanted but also be just, which was not what the government in France looked like in
that era. Rousseau describes how though he didn't have much political power; and he has chosen to
write about it because he has the right to vote and try to help the government get better (Rousseau).
He also uses this short introduction as a way to appeal to the readers whom may not have had strong
political ties In the first section, Rousseau opens with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Rousseau again used examples to explain his "right of first occupancy" debate. This time it was the
use of a Spanish explorer and if he had the right to claim lands that then made the inhabitants
displaced (Rousseau). He states that this type of colonization is sometimes necessary but that being
a part of a government body, which individuals can be safe to own their land and do what they wish
as long as it didn't go against the group (Rousseau). Again, meaning that though they may lose some
liberty, they will actually be much happier that they do not have to live in fear of a stronger person
coming to take what is rightfully

State of Nature and Social Contract
Hobbes and Locke are the founders of social contract theory, Hobbes' Leviathan was the first
political philosophy to discuss social contract theory and the state of nature followed by John
Locke's Second Treatise of Government, both of their theories are distinct form each other but yet
related. Hobbes and lock are both considered the first classical liberals, they differed from other
classical philosophers because of their individualistic society, rather than a communal society that
promotes the moral way to live one's life. According to classical liberalism the government should
not promote morality, rather to only protect people's rights to pursue their desires. They both
believed that man was born free and equal, and has the right to choose who governs them. Hobbes
believed in a minimalist government that promotes the rights of individuals to life and freedom of
movements, while Locke also believes in an even more limited government that promotes life
liberty and property. Lock and Hobbes differ in their conception of social contract but they both
agreed on the central idea that in the state of nature people "would willingly come together to form a
state", but they disagreed over the government's extent to implement order and liberty. Hobbes saw
the sovereign as a beneficiary in a mutual agreement between the citizens, while Locke believed the
sovereign himself is a party to the contract. Hobbes believed that the government must be very
strong, to keep order and set

Thomas Jefferson Social Contract Theory
Morgan Hobbs
Mr. Anderson
Government
21 November 2016
Social Contract Theory
In terms of the American political system, the most significant of the theories of the origin of the
state is that of the 'Social Contract". Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, James Harrington, and
John Locke in england and Jean Jacques Rousseau in France developed this theory in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Hobbes wrote that in earliest history humans lived in
unbridled freedom, in a "state of nature," in which no government existed and no person was subject
to any superior power (Magruder's American Government). That which people could take byforce
belonged to them. However, all people were similarly free in thes state of nature. No authority
existed to protect one person from the aggressive actions of another. Thus, individuals were only
safe as their own physical strength and intelligence could make them. Human beings overcame their
unpleasant condition, says the social contract theory, by agreeing with one another to create a state.
By contract, people within a given agreed agreed to give up to the state as much power as was
needed to promote the safety and well–being of all. In the contract, the members of the state created
a government to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It argued that King George III and his ministers had violated the contract. Thomas Jefferson also
called the social contract theory "pure Locke". The idea of the social contract had a huge impact on
the Founding Fathers, especially Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The U.S. Constitution itself
starts with the three words, "We the people..." embodying this idea of popular sovereignty in the
very beginning of this key document. Thus, government that is established by the free choice of its
people is required to serve the people, who in the end have sovereignty, or supreme power to keep or
get rid of that government

The Issue Of Social Contract Theory
'The social contract is not worth the paper it 's not written on. ' Can social contract theory adequately
explain why we should obey the law?
In its simplest form, the social contract theory is the view that, within an organised society, people 's
rights and duties are bound by a theoretical contract that they sign with the state. Through the use of
the contract, each member 's political and moral obligations are clearly defined, which in turn
intends to benefit the society as a whole. I intend to argue that, as a member of such a civilisation,
you have a duty to obey the law and the rules of this contract in order to increase the liberty and
well–being of the people.
Although many philosophers have offered their views on social contract theory throughout time,
there are two main theorists whose innovative ideas have ensured that this is one of the most
contentious debates in philosophy. On one side of the fence sits Thomas Hobbes who was the first
modern philosopher to introduce such an idea regarding the relationship between the people and the
state. Supporting the theory, he stated that if each individual is to feel secure within a society, there
needs to be some form of legislation created by the state ensuring that this is the case. On the other
side sits John Locke who, as an advocate of the state of nature, believes that a society in which the
people act based on their personal morals and their natural rights will lead to the greatest level of
liberty.
I will

The Social Contract : Hobbes Vs. Rousseau
The Social Contract: Hobbes vs. Rousseau
Since the beginning of the modern age, governments and states have existed in order to maintain
moral law. Essentially these institutions are for the greater good of humanity. However, little thought
is ever given to how humans lived without governments. Each and every person in the modern age
is born into a state, and becomes a part of that state regardless of their will. The concept that humans
are born into a state is derived from the social contract. The social contract is a voluntary agreement
that allows for the mutual benefit between individuals and governments with regards to the
protection and regulation of affairs between members in society. Essentially the idea is that citizens
will give up some of their freedoms to the government in return for protection of their remaining
rights. Throughout history, there have been a number of philosophers that have discussed the social
contract and each philosopher has had there own social contract theories. Leviathan by Thomas
Hobbes was the foundation for social contract theory in Western political philosophy. While The
Social Contract by Jean–Jacques Rousseau was written a century later and inspired political reforms
in Europe. Both Hobbes and Rousseau in their theories appeal to the social contract as being needed
as a means to control man in society. However, their theories differ significantly on the basis of the
state of nature, the phase after man has left his natural state and

An Essay on Social Contract Theory
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
Social contract theory (or contractarianism) is a concept used in philosophy, political science and
sociology to denote an implicit agreement within a state regarding the rights and responsibilities of
the state and its citizens, or more generally a similar concord between a group and its members, or
between individuals. All members within a society are assumed to agree to the terms of the social
contract by their choice to stay within the society without violating the contract; such violation
would signify a problematic attempt to return to the state of nature. It has been often noted, indeed,
that social contract theories relied on a specific anthropological conception of man as either "good"
or "evil". Thomas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, Foucault criticized the concept of "criminal" ("délinquant", meaning professional outlaw),
and pointed out the relationship between crime, class struggle and insanity which, as in crimes of
passion, can burst out suddenly – thus explaining the motto "we are all virtual criminals".
Some rights are defined in term of the negative obligation they impose on others. For example, your
basic property rights entail that everyone else refrain from taking what is yours. Rights can also
involve positive obligations, such as the right to have stolen property returned to you, which
obligates others to give you back what's yours when they find it in the hands of others (or, in modern
society, to send the police in to do it). Theorists argue that a combination of positive and negative
rights is necessary to create an enforceable contract that protects our interests.
History
Classical thought
Social contract ideas go back to the Greeks; Plato has Socrates make a case for social contract ideas
in Crito but criticizes them in The Republic. Epicurus explicitly endorsed social contract ideas; the
last fourth of his Principal Doctrines state that justice comes from agreement not to harm each other,
and in laws being made for mutual advantage (pleasure, happiness), and that laws which are no
longer advantageous are no longer just.
Most European

The issue presented in this source is the role of the individual within society in maintaining an
accountable, representative government. The author's view as expressed in the source would almost
certainly be shared by all supporters of a modern democratic society. More specifically the ideology
would be supported by the philosopher John Locke. In his writings, John Locke placed a great deal
of emphasis on the importance of a representative, democratic government and on the obligation of
citizens to remove from power a government that that fails to fulfill the needs of the majority. This
ideology as expressed by John Locke almost exactly mirrors that of the author in the source. The
value of the opinions of individuals as expressed in the line ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In some cases the government has more insight into some problems while the public maintains an
ignorant opinion. This can be seen in the United States in regards to gun control. In 2013 alone there
were over 33,000 gun related deaths in the US; that's 10.5 deaths per 100,000 people per year. This
number is significantly higher than Canada's per capita gun death rate of 2.22. The implementation
of gun control in Canada results in not only a decrease in the number of deaths but also an increase
in Canadian's sense of security, which is a core value of liberalism. For the US to continue to push
away the idea of gun control is almost illiberal as it is the responsibility of the government in a
liberal society to ensure the safety and security of its people. President Obama has advocated for
gun control since the beginning of his presidency, but he has made almost no progress on the issue.
The majority of Americans reject the idea of gun control and therefore, as a representative
government, the United States will not implement it. In this situation the government, though not
representing the will of the majority, should have the power to implement gun control without being
penalized because it is doing it for the prosperity of liberalism and the wellbeing of the

Thomas Hobbes And The Social Contract
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), an English philosopher published the work, Leviathan, which
proposed the concept of the social contract, in which societal assimilation mandates submission to
authoritarian rule, with a relinquishment of certain rights, in return for protection and aid. Hobbes
offered a foundational premise for benefits that otherwise might be absent, if not for societal
constructs. John Locke, another English philosopher published the Essay Concerning Human
Understanding, which expounded on the work of Hobbes by proposing a more integrated and
ordered society. The societal implications meant a surrender of some individual freedoms in return
for a governmental structure tasked with the responsibility of protections, including the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cesare believed that punishment was an effective deterrent to crime, as the offender is rational and
in control of their actions and behaviors. Cesare expressed that the "punishment should fit the
crime" and that "adjudication and punishment should be both swift and certain". He advocated for
due process on the implication of innocence until proven guilty and condemned torture on the same
pretense as torturous punishment towards self–incrimination implies guilt prior to a guilty verdict by
a judicial body. His principles influenced classic criminology in the principles of punishment, due
process, rationality, and human rights. The Bill of Rights in the US constitution has several concepts
influenced, some believe, by his writings. (Cesare Beccaria, 2017)Jeremy Bentham, author of
"Introduction to the Principles of Moral and Legislation", built on Cesare statement that "punish
should fit the crime", by asserting that the hedonistic nature of man requires that the pain or
punishment of committing the crime outweigh the pleasure or reward obtained from committing the
crime (Schmalleger, 2010). Bentham asserted the position that human rationality and hedonistic
pursuits factored into the mentality of an individual's decision to commit a crime based on proper or
extreme punishments to serve as a deterrent. Hobbes'

The Theory Of The Social Contract Theory Essay
On the formation of the Social Contract Theory has a long history, many people have formed Social
Contract Theory has made a great contribution. Thomas Hobbes as one of the representatives of
Modern Social Contract Theory, his departure from the theory of human nature, to a fictional state
of nature as a starting point, put forward the basic principles of natural law, natural rights, and then
through the Social Contract Theory, the establishment of his country theory. Thomas Hobbes certain
extent, played a significant role, for people to bring enlightenment. But his theory does not apply in
all cases; we need to analyze different aspects of different problems. In this essay, I will describe the
Social Contract Theory, and explain the problem of how do we get out of the State of Nature raised
by Hobbes Game. I explain the idea of cooperation that Thomas Hobbes can give to this problem,
and then argue that this is not a satisfactory response to the problem for three reasons.
The main expression of the Social Contract Theory is to explore whether there is a legitimate
political authority, "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains no." He said political authority
in our natural state does not exist, so we need a social contract in a social contract, everyone
abandon natural freedom, and obtain freedom of contract; in the process of political participation,
only everyone equally renounce all natural freedom, assigned to the collectivity, human beings can
get equal

The Theory Of Social Contract
Contractualism, in general, is whether or not an action is deemed 'right' or 'wrong' can be understood
in terms of contracts, and is furthered with the theory of social contract. Additionally, contractualism
can be distinguished from Hobbesian contractualism (also known as contractarianism) and Kantian
contractualism, whereby the former looks to contracts made by individuals of a society for the sake
of personal gain and benefit, while the latter sees to contracts made by individuals of any given
society that consider each other and themselves to be free and equal members of State. The theory of
the social contract has existed for the longest time, it speaks of an agreement (or agreements) made
by the members of any society and community to give up certain individual freedoms for the
betterment of that society itself, i.e state protection and security.
Firstly in history, power was to reside in the country's monarch, as it was divinely ordained. Over
time, however, there was a need for more justification for where power over the state laid other than
just simply being 'divinely granted or ordained'. Thus, during the Siècle des Lumières, England – a
country that has for the longest time had a monarch in power (admittedly of which the very same
monarch still exists today) entered great political, administrative and constitutional change where
England was entering a transformation becoming a modern State. It was during the Siècle des
Lumières that the idea of social

Social Contract Theory Essay
Ethical Theory: Social Contract Theory The Social Contract Theory is the ethical theory concerning
the relationship between the citizen and the government. The chief architects of the theory include
Enlightenment thinkers and political theorists, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke whose theories were
foundational in the Founding Fathers establishment of the United States. The theory chiefly focuses
on the need for some type of regulating body over the affairs of mankind due to the nature of
unregulated human behavior. It also focuses on and explains a different means by which the
legitimacy of the State is gained, a theory that differed from monarchical legitimacy and is based on
a contractual agreement. Hobbes' theory of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The practical application of this debate comes in the form of social welfare policy and politics and
class disparity. Those who are in favor of social welfare policies argue from the position that this is a
basic right that should be given and guaranteed when it cannot be achieved without assistance.
Those who would argue against economic justice and basic needs being met are those that would
take an individualistic approach. Throughout history, there have always been disproportionate
concentrations of resources among people. Objectively, with a smaller amount of people controlling
the majority of the resources which creates a large scarcity or resource insecurity in a much larger
swathe of the population. The argument against social welfare policy and supporting those takes the
stance that people should not be given things when they have the capability to achieve those things.
This argument is a microcosmic argument in that it does not examine the systems in which these
people prepare and live. The stance against welfare policy claims that it will promote laziness and
allows people to fail if they do not have the internal drive to achieve their needs, if they will not
work for those needs then they must not be actual needs. The other aspect of this argument

In a society you can't have anarchy otherwise it would become a blood bath where everyone kills
one another. The death penalty dates back to the eighteenth century B.C. to current day where it is
now a more controversial topic. In The Social Contract Rousseau debates political investments that
come with monarchy, and as a result the anarchy that has ensued throughout time. As a society it has
always been our obligation to determine what is considered morally right from what is wrong. Our
views as civil society have changed dramatically from the early eighteenth century to current day.
Without having the social contract by which every man in civil society is bounded by there would be
no self control therefore causing us humans to act as animals. Rousseau begins the first chapter by
stating "Man ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of our rights as society however is determining the difference between right and wrong and
whether or not it abides by what we call the social contract. The death penalty has been a
controversial issue since the beginning of time however it has been desensitized. The death penalty
used to be done by crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement however
we civilians have realized that the death penalty is horribly flawed and throughout time has
transformed it to lesser extreme measures. Rousseau states "It is expedient for the state that you
should die', then he should die, because it is only on such terms that he has lived in security as long
as he has and also because his life is no longer the bounty of nature but a gift he has received
conditionally from the state." (Rousseau 78) Rousseau believes that if its in the best interest of
society then the use of the death penalty is socially correct. Once a man breaks the law and becomes
a criminal to society your rights as a civilian are immediately taken away. It is in the countries best

Social Contract In The Walking Dead
Gabrielle Rodriguez
Professor Dyer
POLS 360
November 13, 2017
The Walking Dead and the Social Contract
The award–winning television show, The Walking Dead, is used as a tool to explain the
complexities of the human behavior when faced with the need for natural survival. The show depicts
the world after a zombie apocalypse. Society and government as we know it had been torn down.
The show is an example of what lengths people would do to survive. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke,
and Jean–Jacques Rousseau are some political philosophers who explain their versions of how
political societies form and how societies stayed together when they follow their versions of the
laws of nature. Thomas Hobbes' ideas of the social contract and the state of nature ... Show more
Rick's wife and son, and other survivors are living outside the city in a small camp. Rick's best
friend, Shane, is the unofficial sovereign. He steps into power because he is the most strong and
able; he is the natural leader. The others in camp follow Shane's judgement and rule. When Rick gets
to camp, it is apparent who leads. When other's get into an argument they go to Shane for the final
judgement call. Clearly they are all following the sovereign in benefit for the greater good. I believe
a true Hobbesian society is what has formed. The group has surrendered freedom and submitted to
the impromptu authority; exchanging their freedom for protection.
The other philosophers, Jean–Jacques Rousseau and Locke have both explained the concept of
giving up certain rights in return for the protections and benefits that come along with societies. The
reasoning behind The Walking Dead being Hobbesian over a Lockean or Rousseauian deals with the
idea of rebellion. In a Hobbesian society, the idea of an uprising is unjust. One may not revolt
against the government because even the concept of an overthrow imbalances the scales and causes
a civil unrest

The Theory Of Social Contract Theory
Social Contract
Brian Horvath
Cleveland State University
Business Society Government
The concept of social contract theory is that in the beginning man lived in the state of nature. They
had no government and there was now law to regulate them. There are three main philosophers
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean–Jacques Rousseau that are best known for the social contract
theory. In the twentieth century moral and political theory with John Rawls' Kantian version of
social contract theory and was then followed by David Gaunthier. Feminists and race conscious
philosophers have argued that social contract theory is an incomplete picture of our moral and
political lives. Thomas Hobbes political theory is best understood ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another is Hobbes argues is that humans are not only self–interested but they are reasonable; he
believes people have it in them to be rational when they pursue their desires. Rationality is an
instrument that sums up the best means to whatever ends we might happen to have. As we learned
Hobbes believes men are naturally self–interested and also rational so then this means they will
listen to the authority of a Sovereign this way they can live in a civil society that shares a common
interests with them. An argument he uses for this is the State of Nature of men. State of nature is
when men are only self–interested so they are more or less equal to one another. Hobbes believes
that in a society that runs off a State of Nature would be brutal to live in, because everyone is always
in fear of losing their life to another person in this state. Since men are reasonable they can find their
way out of this society by recognizing the laws of nature. The laws of nature can show people in a
harsh society the means it takes to escape a State of Nature society and create a civil society. The
most important thing to understand when talking about the laws of nature is that everyone must be
willing to pursue peace while also continuing the right to pursue war only when others do not pursue
peace. Being

Social Contract
Yes & No:
An agreement a pond the Social Contract
Lets began this essay with a little review from what we learned from Philosophy. The Social
Contract is an model agreement upon members in a certain society which they live by. For an
example is laws. If we didn't have any laws, the world would be all chaos. So we all "sign" a social
contract that we will obey the law. Ones who do not obey the law will get punished by the
government weather it's a warning or jail time, you will get punished.
Now that we understand the social contract a little better, lets get into what I think and believe. As a
young girl, I was told to follow the rules by my father, who owns his own contraction company, and
a mother, who has a career for working for the government (which I cannot get into detail). Growing
up they always said "Don't trust anybody" and I thought to myself, how could this be possible when
I live in a society with doctors, nurses, firemen, and policemen that want to help me? As I got older I
started to understand. Not everybody wants to be your friend. Times like this it is tough trying to be
an educated black woman when people are trying to bring you down because the color of your skin.
To answer the question of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I don't even know what he actually did to help the rate go down, but he deserve another term just
because of that. We will soon live in fear once we have Trump as a president. Not everybody will
love the president that we get to choose. They might hate them or just fear what is going to happen
while they are in term. For an example, Donald Trump will soon be the President Of the United
States in January. Every since he one the election, there has been a lot of riots by angry people who
all agrees that he will not become a great president. They are in fear. I am in fear. Not everybody
consent to him to become president but everything depending on the number of

Social Contract Theory
Using the Social Contract Theory to argue against increased regulation of guns, Timmons of
Disputed Moral Issues (p.29) defines the Social Contract Theory as, "An action is morally right if
and only if (and because) it is permitted by a set of moral principles that hypothetical agents would
agree to under conditions that are ideal for choosing moral principles (the precise characteristics of
the hypothetical agents and ideal conditions to be spelled out)". As I attempted to analyze the social
contract theory, I translated this theory as meaning in some circumstances gun usage can be morally
justified and is thereby permitted for the safety and lives of the innocent. For example, if an armed
or unarmed subject was to enter a home posing a threat towards the homeowner, the homeowner has
the right to bear arms to protect oneself as well as the family's life.
Next, with so much crime occurring in the world today, many adults, excluding people with mental
illnesses, should have the right to possess guns for protection from bodily harm, but the guns should
be locked away in a safe that is easily accessible to the owners only. Additionally, no child should
have access to their parents' guns without permission. As far as permission goes, a child may have
permission from their parents to hunt or target ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, all sane adults should have protection. Next, if a person is being severely beaten by
several bullies and no one attempts to break up the fight or call the police, that severely beaten
person should be able to defend themselves however they see fit to possibly keep the bullies from
harming others later. However, the element of surprise to a criminal could possibly force that subject
to run off. For example, if the victim was armed with a gun and the subject did not expect the victim
to have a gun in their

The Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau
The Social Contract The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean–Jacques
Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social
contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the
creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built
upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and
social issues that were present during their lives. Although all men sit in different positions on the
theoretical political spectrum, which is derived from their work on the Social Contract Theory, they
carry both similar and differential ideas (it can be argued ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
13 s. 9) Also Hobbes declares
"... that the nature of man, we find three principle causes of quarrel.

The Social Contract
In The Social Contract, Jean– Jacque Rousseau theorized the best way to establish a political
community in the face of social problems. He believed that legitimate political authority comes from
a social contract agreed upon by all citizens for their mutual preservation. Everyone forfeits the
same amount of rights and has the same duties in order to establish freedom and to create equality
under the law. While modern day laws presumably work to ensure liberty and equality, there is "a
pervasive sense of unfair treatment" (Conley and O'Barr 2002: 5) when micro–analyzing the
application of these laws. Deliberate uses of language work to influence the law and judicial hearing
as seen in conversation analysis and discourse analysis. Conversational ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sally Merry's experience at the UN revolves around a culture of human rights that is English–
speaking, secular, Universalist, and law–governed, which is not a relatable framework for many
non–Western countries. As a result, countries in which English is the language of educated people
are more active in debates, while non–English speaking countries must take the time to translate
conversations into their native languages and interpret from there. Conley and O'Barr witness this
Standard Language Ideology, which elevates English as an ideal standard language. In one particular
case, a defendant spoke Mixtec, a Mesoamerican language spoken in Mexico, yet he was provided
with a Cuban Spanish speaking translator with no knowledge of Mixtec. Translation difficulties
occurred due to Referential Transparency, "assumption that expressions in one language can be
unproblematically... translated 'verbatim' into another" (Conley & O'Barr 2005: 150). The attorney
asked the witness for Spanish terms even though the witness did not know Spanish. This trial, as
well as UN meetings, force non–English speakers to assimilate to western rhetoric that is difficult to
adapt to and loses the nuance of the primary

The Pros And Cons Of Social Contract
Social contract denotes that a government or sovereign body exists only to serve the will of the
people because the people are the source of political power that is enjoyed by the entity. The people
can choose to give or withdraw the power. Not all philosophers agree that the social contract creates
rights and obligations; on the contrary, some believe that the social contract imposes restrictions that
restrict a person's natural rights. Individuals who live within the society gain protection by the
government from others who may pursue to cause them injury, in exchange, the citizens, must
relinquish individual liberties like the capability to commit wrongdoings without being reprimanded,
and they should contribute to making society ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hobbes believed that in nature people had to do whatever was necessary to survive and that even if
living together, people were still likely to fight. His view of people was dark and most likely due to
the horrors of a series of political schemes and armed conflicts he had seen during the English Civil
War. He believed that a contract was necessary. Hobbes felt that people were not capable of living in
a democratic society. Instead, a single dominant ruler was needed, and if everyone did their part,
then the community would function smoothly. Hobbes' theory is unlike Locke and Rousseau's. He
believed that once the people gave power to the government, the people gave up the right to that
power. It would essentially be the cost of the safety the people were seeking.
John Locke argues that people deserve life, liberty, and property which are all an essential part of the
social contract. The government needs to guard individuals' lives and safeguard the freedom of
prosperity and impose laws that are structured to reward efforts which improve society
economically. Locke's Contractual Theory of Government says that people must willingly do things
like pay taxes and serve in the military, but in return, the government had to listen to their desires
and provide for their needs. John Locke's philosophy is one that we are all familiar with because his
ideas were used in our Constitution by our founding fathers. According to the United States Senate,
"We the

Hobbes Social Contract Essay
The natural state of man has been a reoccurring theme when reviewing the history of political
philosophy and theory. This study has helped societies develop laws and common goals. Thomas
Hobbes (1588–1679) theory is still strikingly relevant in today's law and order. His main concern
was how people lived: how to avoid war since people lived in defensive fear. Jean–Jacques
Rousseau (1712–1778) challenged Hobbes's philosophy. He says, "The passage from the state of
nature to the civil state produces a very remarkable change in man, by substituting justice for
instinct in his conduct." In other words, he thought that men were good by nature and when exposed
to society they are corrupted. Although both philosophers study the course of society, they have very
divergent views. This paper will examine both theories of the social contract. Thus, I will later
conclude why Hobbes has a more feasible hypothesis.
In Leviathan chapter 12, Hobbes describes society and the state of nature as such; "No arts; no
letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death: and the life
of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." People are encouraged to act freely, but with
precautions as they may pose a threat to others' survival. As stated above, humankind is constantly
threatened since we naturally have a built in defensive mechanism. He says, "...the passions that
incline men to peace are: fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary to

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