Alternative Crime And Punishment Ending By Dostoevsky

Alternative Ending To Crime And Punishment By Ivan...
Yuliya Abukhovich
Russian 2250
3/10/16
Alternative ending to "Crime and Punishment"
During the semester we have read three very influential works: "Fathers and Children" by Ivan Turgenev, "What is to be done?" by Nikolay
Chernyshevsky, and "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. All of these novels are tied together with similar ideas. However, authors
interpret them in different ways. One of the biggest ideas is about "Extraordinary Man Theory". Chernyshevsky, in his novel, tries to show that ideal
world consists of communities and each community should have ordinary folks, servile group, and extraordinary men, leaders of the community who
have all the power and can persuade the rest of the commune to follow their ideas and beliefs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author showed his opinion on the structure of the society, social norms and beliefs. He expressed his disagreement with "The Extraordinary Man
Theory". He told the audience that all people have feelings and emotions and cannot rely only on logic and calculations. People cannot hurt others and
go unpunished. The ending of the novel helped to strengthen his ideas and convictions. In the end, everyone in the novel received the deserved
punishment assigned either by the law or by fate. Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov realized that their actions were wrong and contradicted to the all social
norms. They recognized that they were not extraordinary men. Dostoevsky made this novel very educative and filled with morality. It is great for people
of all times and generations. It reveals what is good and wrong; it teaches how to be a
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Summary Of 'Mumu' By Ivan Turgenev
The paper starts off with a phrase which goes on to be explained further on. '' Almost every intellectual claims to have the welfare of humanity, and
particularly the welfare of the poor, at heart: but since no mass murder takes place without its perpetrators alleging that they are acting for the good
of mankind, philanthropic sentiment can plainly take a multiplicity of forms''. I understood this phrase from a wrong perspective until I went ahead
to study what exactly the author Theodore Dalrymple meant by this saying. The story of two European writers is one I enjoyed, having to see how
two people could have just about the same live, or need I say the same events take place in their lives, can two people be so exact and at the same
time be so different? Ivan Turgenev and Karl Marx, were both born into this world on the same day in 1818 and died the same day in 1883,
whenever Turgenev saw something single like men, Marx saw classes or a group of men. Turgenev's story ''Mumu'' was one about the days of
serfdom, garasim who was a deaf servant, served his master, and later on discovered a puppy who he loved so much, he then took care of the puppy
and nurtured it but his master was not ok with having the puppy around, with everything that was done in other to keep the puppy away from garasim,
the puppy still made its way back to him. At the end, the master ordered that the puppy be killed because of its disturbance and garasim volunteered to
kill the puppy himself, which he

Research Paper On Russian Culture
Russian Culture: A look at its Religion and Art
Mankind has always aspired to be the largest, biggest, strongest, highest, essentially the best in everything. This is not untrue for the Russians who have
had the largest country in the world for quite some time now. Russia covers one–sixth of the entire world's land mass and has had a significant part in
modern history. However, in order to understand why a country has become what it is now, one must look at its culture. A country's culture not only
reflects its citizens now but also its history and future.
Many things reflect Russia's diverse culture but two main things are art and the church.
Like many other countries, the church has played a great role in the formation of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other religious groups that inhabit Russia include the Muslims, Jews, Protestants, Catholics, and Buddhists. The Muslims form the second largest
religious group in Russia. They are concentrated mostly in the ethnic republics of Tartarstan and Bashkortostan in the middle Volga region, and in the
republics of Chechnya, Ingushetia, Alania (North Ossetia), Kabardino–Balkaria, and Dagestan. The Jews and Christians are dispersed throughout the
country and the Buddhists live chiefly in the republics of Buryatia and Tuva on the Russian border with Mongolia and in Kalmykia on the northwest
shore of the Caspian Sea. (Microsoft Encarta)
Religion as one can clearly see had a direct impact on the Russian people but it also had a direct influence on Russian art. Since art is a reflection of
every culture, it is important that one studies it when one is studying another culture.
The introduction of Christianity into Russia spurred the development of the country's fine arts. For 600 years, Christian forms of art dominated Russian
painting, music, architecture, and literature. Russian artists, however, applied their unique vision and dramatically altered the style imported so it
became their own. Especially in painting, the blending of foreign influences with native genius produced some of the world's most beautiful icons. In
the early 15th century Andrey Rublyov, one the greatest of

History Of The Slavophile And Westernizer Movements
Throughout Russian history, particularly the period after its full exposure to western civilization, people have debated the countries past, present, and
future role in the world. This deliberation has taken place several times in the countries past, one of the most notable being in the 19th century. In the
1840s–1850s the Slavophile and Westernizer movements emerged in the Russian sphere. The Slavophiles, having developed their views along literary
and academic lines, believed in a uniquely Russian development and future not influenced by the west. Westernizers, having been influenced byRussia
's previous 'attempts' to westernize, believed in development to European standards; they rejected traditionally Russian ideals such as feudalism,
serfdom, and religious orthodoxy (Cite). It is from small salons, predominantly in Moscow, that these two intellectual movements clashed about the
future development of Russia. The two movements used literature and literary criticism to comment on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leaders of the Westernizer movement, including Alexander Herzen, Timofeir Granovsky, and Ivan Turgenev advanced their view through ideological
disputes, published works, and personal example. The Westernizer campaign generally consisted of modeling Russia after the European model, or the
implementation of European social, economic, and political elements. At the time, Westernizers specifically advocated the establishment of a bourgeois
democratic system, and education reform. Although having been cited in opposition to the Eastern Orthodox faith, the group ultimately split into two
separate branches over the issue. The Westernizers, having had the more than successful physical model of westernEurope, advocated what they
perceived as an effective system, constantly pointing out the success of the European standard. The physical model of Europe only served to bolster
promote their opinion on development in

Nihilism in Crime and Punishment Essay
Themes of Nihilism in Crime and Punishment Nihilism is one of the most difficult philosophies to accurately define because of its ambiguous nature.
In its simplest form, one might consider it an extremely pessimistic form of skepticism in which the individual discounts even the idea of existence.
Therefore, to a nihilist, all values, relationships, authority, beliefs, and emotions are baseless and empty. First popularized inIvan Turgenev's Fathers and
Sons in 1862, nihilism is associated with a revolutionary movement that occurred in Russia from 1814 to 1876. The principles of nihilism often can be
linked with those of utilitarianism, existentialism, and anarchism. Dostoevsky demonstrates his aversion to this philosophy through ... Show more
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Throughout the story we are shown that he is not above the emotions and guilt that are the basic human reactions to an action as extreme as murder.
His downfall comes because of this very fact, as he mentally and physically deteriorates under the stress of his culpability. His arrogance is proven to
be the unfounded and foolhardy ideas of one who is truly a deeply insecure and unstable person (though Raskolnikov never truly realizes this).
Through Raskolnikov's exemplification of the impracticality of this principle, Dostoevsky makes his greatest point in Crime and Punishment. His
commentary on the subject seeks to discredit the theory in the circumstance of an individual "superman" by displaying Raskolnikov as a character who
is difficult for readers to identify with because of his inanity. Even Raskolnikov's name is a symbol of nihilistic ideas, the word "raskol" meaning
schism in Russian, illustrating the shift from an older school of thought (social utopianism) to a darker philosophy: nihilism and utilitarianism.
Raskolnikov seems to fluctuate back and forth between the two philosophies, acting on one and then mentally chastising himself for it, immediately
and almost erratically changing his mind. This symbolizes the more human side of him struggling

John Marx And Ivan Turgenev 's Views On Human Life And...
Mankind The article "How and How Not to Love Mankind" introduces the writer 's perspectives of the welfare for humankind, especially the poor in
the society. 1 The author presents two great men who had contrasting suppositions on the prosperity of mankind in the early times.The two
extraordinary men were great European authors, and they are Karl Marx and Ivan Turgenev (Dalrymple, 1). The way that both men were conceived
around the same time does not make them have indistinguishable perspectives on human life and suffering because they depict great irreconcilable
differences. As indicated by the creator, Turgenev held the perspective of people as people who had distinct feelings sentiments, characters, cognizance,
and good moral strengths and qualities, and also, weaknesses, All things considered, Turgenev had a passionate as well as emotional approach towards
the human lives and enduring, particularly the misery that was available in the times of serfdom in Russia.
1 On the other hand, Marx is portrayed by the author as an individual who held no appreciation for the human lives and enduring in light of the fact that
he saw people as the reason for their conditions amid those times. Marx does not acknowledge any efforts made by the workingmen in that period, and
he holds anger to their loss of culture and their present situations. Both writers started their professions by composing sentimental sonnets before they
embraced to expound on the human lives and enduring at that

Duality In 19th Century Russia
Just to the east of riotous, industrialising Western Europe sat Imperial Russia, pendent between tradition and modernity, a vast empire of duality. As if
trying to vent her frustrations, 19th century Russia produced a selection of history's finest writers; each writer packing their work with themes of
duplicity, hope, and heavy social criticism.
Duality was the cardinal theme for Imperial Russia. 19th century Russia was a peasant–filled, agrarian empire rushed through the gawky adolescence
of industrialisation. The serfs were only freed in 1861, and by 1900 around 2.3 million Russians worked inside factories: in a century, Russia had
moved from a feudal system of serfdom to the shores of modernity. A theme of duplicity was carried... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Svidrigailov has a "propensity for vulgarity" («...и особенно,
если к тому и
натурально
склонность
имеешь...»), a philosophical devotion, all–conquering devotion to rationalism (even when he rapes
Dounia, Svidrigailov remains rational and emotionless to the end: «Да и не
поверит вам
никто...так что, если
даже и братом
пожертвуете, то и
тут ничего не
докажете: насилие
очень трудно
доказать,

One Day In The Life Of Ivan Denisovich Point Of View
1.1 Point of View is the eyes of the story, it is the main way you see how the story takes place. In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, the story
is presented in first person as we see Ivan navigate through the difficulties found living in a Soviet prison camp. In the case One Day in the Life,
thoughts like Ivan remembering to but his needle in his hat to avoid getting caught lets readers see how he can survive in the Siberian wasteland.
Point of view can also lead to confusion as well, like in A Visit to the Museum where the maincharacter tells a tale of his quest to get a painting out of
a museum in France and ends up getting arrested in Russia. The point of view of the story leads to the confusion as the narrator takes us through an
ever–growing museum. The world through the eyes of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The narrator explains why the Birch–Copse tree is his favorite and why he does not particularly care for the tall Aspen trees. Turgenev gives the trees
many human characteristics during the first few paragraphs, characteristics that are also found in the two trysting fellows later. The Birch tree is
characterized as being "white and lusterless," as well as, "white as fresh–fallen snow, before the cold rays of the winter sun have caressed it." This
quote paints shines a light on their relationship that we do not find during the conversation. White being the dominant color of the tree paints
Akulina being as pure as a fresh snow in a desolate corner of the forest where no paw or boot prints ruins the perfect blanket of snow, only for the
top layer to be hardened like the skin of a girl after the man of her dreams leaves her. Viktor has touched young Akulina very deeply personally, even
if their relationship has not turned to a sexual one; leaving her hardened by the experience. While Viktor is like the Aspen, which is said to be, "only
fine on some summer evenings" before its leaves soar great distances

Gutenberg Invented The First Movable Printing Press
Gutenberg Johannes Gutenberg invented the first movable–printing press in the fifteenth century. The printing press affected Europe's political,
cultural, economic, and social development in the centuries that followed. According to Reader, "The eighteenth century saw a rapid expansion in
the publication of books, periodicals, and pamphlets, which allowed wide dissemination of these new ideas, and with that, the early stages of public
opinion" (24). The availability of paper and spreading of books, allowed various classes of people, many of whom had not previously been exposed
to books, to read and interpret different ideas and publication. Access to different points of views caused tension between those in power and the lower
classes. One specific example was the access to the Bible, which led to the lower classes questioning the foundations of the Church. In addition, the
spread of ideas and power to publish their individual thoughts led to Enlightenment thinking and increased individualism. The idea that people should
learn from their own experiences and learn to challenge what they are taught and search for real facts, made living in Europe with an educated,
self–governing public possible.
Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a Prussian philosopher who formulated the discussion about how the mind perceives itself and the connection the
mind has to the universe. He was the most influential thinkers in world history, with his new method of moral reasoning. He is also known

Great Reforms Essay
1. What were the "zemstvos"? What were they responsible for? What was the purpose of the last of the Great Reforms? Zemstvos were elected
assemblies divided into three groups: landowners, peasant communes, and townspeople. Although the ability to tax was limited, they carried a great
responsibility as they were in charge of local services, health care, and education (to name a few things). The last of the Great Reforms focused on
military service, as the changes included all men to be eligible for military service and not simply the peasant men. Although the conscription term
would be lessened for those with an educational background, while those with no education would serve the maximum term of six to nine years
depending on if they were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He openly claimed to know nothing about what current issues Russia was facing during that time and denied possible strides for political reform.
These things caused certain individuals to dislike the new czar. Unlike the previous reigns the events that occurred were due to the actions of the
masses, rather than the czar or his advisers did, as the underground revolution started beginning again. Other events that happened during Nicholas'
reign was a trampling that occurred during his coronation that led to the death of over 1000 people. Additionally, Russia lost two major wars: the
Russo–Japanese War, and World War I; both of these wars resulted in terrible losses and deeply shook the country and the leadership of the country. 6.
Explain the revival of the revolutionary movement during the 1890s. There were two different lines that defined the revolutionary movement of the
1890s: the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) and Marxism. The SRs were committed to peasant revolution and acted with political assassinations.
Marxism was a theory from thinker Karl Marx. These revolutions began to spread in Russia after a famine swept through the nation as a result of
World War that overwhelmed every aspect of Russia. 7. Describe the type of Marxists at the beginning of the 20th century. Did they share any aspects?
What were their

Unreliable And Ignorance In Ivan Turgenev's Birjuk
Unreliable, ignorant and naive characters create a normative universe as it establishes a overarching voice that reveals the story through each of their
lenses. From the start of the short story, "Birjuk", by Ivan Turgenev, we are introduced to our main character hunting in a racing droshky. The truth
within this is that he has no idea what he is doing. This makes the reader wonder whether he is a truthful and trustworthy narrator telling the story.
The reader must decide whether they can trust his judgement or not. We are then shown that our narrator's judgement should not be trusted because
he cowers behind a bush as he is completely lost in a totally foreign setting. The voice of the story continues to agree that our character is out of
place as his droshky jumped and bumped through all the tree roots and had even the horses stumbling. But, our perspective on our narrator is
changed when Biryuk begins to refer to him as, "sir", a higher power. We also see that he is of higher status than Biryuk as he calls Biryuk's peasant
hut unpleasant. Biryuk even acknowledges this difference in wealth class as he knows that the narrator would not want any of his lower... Show more
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He is one who knows the woods in and out, someone with superhero esque qualities. He can hear things in the woods from far away that others
cannot. He is a muscular person of great stature who thieves cannot escape from or even bribe. He regulates the people who come into the woods by
either helping them find their way through or punishing people who are unrightfully stealing. He is also a man with great principle, no stealing. The
reputation is Biryuk is known throughout the land as even our narrator has heard of him, the person no one can escape. Even though Biryuk's
reputation is widely known he is still a mysterious person. He lives alone in the woods with two children and no wife secluded from the rest of

`` Fathers And Sons `` : A Psychological Standpoint, The...
From a psychological standpoint, the primary reason for order is so that men and women can adopt the notion of having control of their lives. In any
sense, whether it is from a microscopic scale of an individual's sense perception or a macroscopic scale of a government for a mass of individuals,
there is a systematic strategy to interpret the events that take place around them. Such efforts lead to a cumulative norm that gives birth to different
cultures, philosophies, and governments which in turn gives birth to rules and constrictions. Man desires to be happy, thus the unspoken consensus in a
civilized society is essentially to give up part of their individual freedom in order to prevent foreseeable chaos. In the current times, if is present through
public safety, collective goods, and such. Freud raises the decentering idea that "cultural endeavors and the means it employs...(are) not worth the
trouble...(for) the individual will be unable to tolerate (the outcome)". This pessimistic view is apparent in the novel, Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev
and the short stories, The Chicken and The Dinner, from the short story collection namely Family Ties by Clarice Lispector through philosophical
discrepancies, societal expectations and patterns in social behavior.
With the modeling of a civilization comes an assignment of archetypical roles. As Freud mentioned in Civilizations and its Discontent, two of the
palliatives for man's discomfort is that of powerful deflection and esteem

The Role Of Russian Literature : The Pinnacle Of The World...
The role of Russian literature is very difficult to interpret. This multifaceted role as literature itself. Gorky wrote "Our literature – our pride. The
pinnacle of the world of humanity" – called Russian literature. Classical Russian literature – is a model for many people. All the same, Maxim Gorky
wrote: "Giant Pushkin – the greatest pride in our and most complete expression of the spiritual forces of Russia, and merciless to yourself and others
Gogol, yearning Lermontov, sad Turgenev, wrathful Nekrasov, the great rebel Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, magician of language Ostrovsky
– are not similar to
each other, as it can be with us Rus ', and we add that they are our prophets, teachers, the conscience of the nation." To their creativity, to the creation
of other Russian writers person turns his entire life: looking for answers to their questions about the soul, understanding the science of human
relations, gender, learning to live. Great writers such as Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov used psychology to connect to the readers. On the
example of their literary characters, we understand what is good and evil, which helps a person to develop and move on in their lives. We understand
what a temptation that leads to moral degradation of man. Reading their works, we learn to make the right choices in life, to understand people and
himself, to objectively assess the world around us. About Turgenev, Belinsky wrote that he is a writer, in whose soul "all sorrow and

College Admissions Essay: High School Was Hard For Me
person I am today.
High School was hard for me. Not in terms of course work but emotionally it was difficult. I had no guidance and had an overwhelming feeling of
being an outcast. My bi–racial heritage–African American and Irish–made it difficult for me to fit in with any one ethnic group and exacerbated the
feeling of isolation. Eventually I found the solace of alcohol and drugs and from there I began to drift. I dropped out in eleventh grade and spent a
year in an out–patient program meeting regularly with a consulor and therapist. During this time, seduced by the plaintive moans of the blues, I taught
myself to play guitar, a skill that would prove life saving in the dark years ahead. The next year I found my way back to a new school and graduated on
time, but my problems with drugs and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But I will say this, through it all I never lost my lust for learning. I would read books voraciously. Dostoevsky, Fitzgerald, Turgenev, I became a
student of the classics and searched their text for hidden meanings. I studied quantum theory and developed a glib understanding of the secrets
hidden in the micro world. I became obsessed with film and film theory, reading people like AndrГ© Bazin and Sergi Esenstein and watching the
work of Bergman, Truffaut, Wells. I continued to play guitar and write songs, placing inside each note a sliver of the darkness I was shrouded in,
essentially saving myself from being utterly consumed. What I am trying to say is: I have always been a student, just mostly a teacherless one.
Autodidacicism is a wonderfully trait to have but it can also be very limiting. I was basically limited to whatever meaning I derived from a certain
text, idea, or video. With out a guide to challenge me, encourage me, and lead me, a whole other world of conceptions is totally lost to me. That is
why I am applying for

Narrative Voices in Shelley's Frankenstein and Fathers...
Narrative Voices in Shelley's Frankenstein and Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev
I have chosen to compare the narrative voices of Frankenstein and
Fathers and Sons, as the perspectives in these two novels differ from one another. Frankenstein's narrative voice contains tales of three characters within
one narrative, none belonging directly to the author, whereas the narrative voice of Fathers and Sons, is that of the author alone.
Examples I will be using are taken from 'The Realist Novel' (TRN), and from the novels of Frankenstein (F) and Fathers and Sons (F&S).
Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is an example of first– person narrative, with Walton describing his encounters in letters to his sister Margaret, in...
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(P53 F).
This novel also includes narrative perspectives that shape the fictional world in the realist novel genre. Instances of this come from Victors
childhood, which seemed idyllic, with his mother and father devoted to him, 'the innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by heaven' and 'I
was so guided by a silken cord that all seemed but one train of enjoyment to me' (P.33 F). And when the monster is relating his tale to Victor, of how
he learnt the basic principles of survival, stating 'when I was oppressed by cold, I found fire' and
'searching in vain for a few acorns to assuage the pangs of hunger' and of his hideout 'I found it an agreeable asylum from the snow and rain'. (P.99
F). This perspective is plausible, giving a romantic feel to the novel, when 'Frankenstein's physical attempt to reconstruct the human frame serves as
an image for the goal of Romantic artists: the spiritual regeneration of man' (p.65 TRN). The pathos generated by his tale is intensified by the
monster being inspired and consoled by nature, as he describes to Victor 'my senses were gratified and refreshed by a thousand scents of delight and a
thousand sights of beauty' with the onset of spring, (p.111 F). Also, 'thankfulness towards the blessed sun, which bestowed such joy upon me' (p.134 F).
When the narrative perspective changes, we have a contrast to these joys as he is rejected as an 'ugly detestable monster', at a

Alexander Pushkin Research Paper
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian poet, short–story writer, novelist, and dramatist commonly considered as Russia's greatest poet and the
founder of modern Russian literature. Born into an aristocratic family, Pushkin attended school at the prestigious Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo
from 1811–1817, where, at age 15, he published his first poem and impressed the renowned poet Gavrila Derzhavin. He followed the traditional
aristocratic career path by taking a post in the foreign service office in St. Petersburg after his graduation, but in 1820, the year his narrative poem
"Ruslan and Lyudmila" was published, he was exiled from the capital due to some of his politically subversive poems. Pushkin headed south to what is
now Ukraine, the northern Caucasus, and the Crimea, and from these experiences he composed his so–called "southern cycle" of poems. Also, in 1823
Pushkin began writing his novel–in–verse Eugene Onegin. Due to an intercepted letter, Pushkin was exiled to Mikhailovskoe, his mother's estate, where
he would spend the years 1824–1826. There he wrote the provincial chapters of Eugene Onegin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The following year he married the celebrated beauty Natalya Goncharova, received a lowly court position, and reentered the government
service.Despite the pressures of his social and professional lives, Pushkin continued his artistic productivity, finishing Eugene Onegin in 1831; writing
"The Queen of Spades" his most famous short–story, and "The Bronze Horseman," one of his most famous poems, in 1833; and The Captai's
Daughter, a prose novel, in 1836. Distressed by tight censorship of his work, mounting debts, and personal attacks, in 1837 Pushkin fought a duel with
Georges d'AnthГЁs, his wife's alleged lover, and died of his

Analysis Of Mary Shelley 's ' Frankenstein '
Shelley addresses romantic conventions in Victor to convey his loss of identity. Victor is impatient and restless when constructing the creation, so
much, that he does not think about it's future repercussions. One of the great paradoxes that Shelley's novel depicts is giving the monster more human
attributes than to it's creator [p. 6 – Interpretations]. This is true as the monster seeks an emotional bond, but Victor is terrified of it's existence. The
monster later reveals, "I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurred at and kicked and trampled on [Shelley, p. 224]." Victor's
lack of compassion is rooted from the inability to cope with his reality. He distances himself from others and is induced with fainting spells [Shelley, p.
59]. From this, the nameless creature exemplifies Victor's attempt to abandon his creation to escape his responsibilities. His creation is described as,
'wretched devil' and 'abhorred monster,' eliciting that the unobtainable, pitied identity [Shelley, p. 102]. The act of not naming the creature reveals
Victor as hateful, and unnaturally disconnected to his own created victim. The critique of Victor's carelessness mirrors the new technologies that
humanity tries to innovate upon society. Shelley reflects on the demise in the progression of humanity because this will only further remove us from
our compassion and identity [p. 266– Mary Shelley bio]. Thus, science in Shelley's novel offers no hope, only death for both mankind

Fathers and Songs by Ivan Turgenev Essay
Fathers and Sons is a novel written by Russian author Ivan Turgenev and originally published in 1862. Emerging in tsarist Russia during the realism
period of literature, Turgenev examines the subject of changing generations in his novel. In Fathers and Sons the new generation is represented by the
characters Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov and Evgeny Vasilich Bazarov, recent university graduates and self
–proclaimed nihilists. Nihilism, a term
popularized by Turgenev himself, is a broad philosophical school of thought that debases traditional values of life. Fathers and Sons was both written
during and set in a time when nihilism movements in Russia were gaining a strong following. Throughout the novel Turgenev uses a combination of...
"Yes," interposed Pavel Petrovich, "yes; you were convinced of all this, and decided not to undertake anything seriously, yourselves." "We decided not
to undertake anything," replied Bazarov grimly. (48)
When Bazarov begins to expound on his philosophy, nihilism is not presented as wholly detrimental. He simply disavows frivolity, values practicality
and thinks life to be simply "a question of getting bread to eat" (48). But Bazarov and Arkady make no attempt to improve conditions as they see them.
They believe that the society that has been built is superficial and antiquated and must be brought down, but have no plans to undertake any sort of
reconstruction: "'We shall destroy, because we are a force,' observed Arkady." (49). Turgenev shows nihilism to be a destructive force only, incapable of
engineering anything better than that which it seeks to destroy.
However, throughout the novel, Arkady is fraught with internal conflict over his philosophy, and begins to slowly stray from his tenets. When staying
at his father's, Arkady makes a point of a defending Pavel to Bazarov. Pavel is very much the opposite of Bazarov (who is Turgenev's embodiment of
nihilism), acting always with an air of

The Death Of Ivan Ilych Essay
I am majoring in psychology, with the aspiration of earning a Ph.D. At my core, I am a "people person," which I define as someone who is invested in
the human condition in all its varieties. I have a particular love for literature, philosophy, and stand–up comedy. Nothing brings me greater than making
someone laugh. Ultimately, I want to make a positive impact in the lives of others. Through Phi Theta Kappa, I can achieve my goals, develop lifelong
friendships, and experience personal growth.
Ivan Ilych is dead. The Russian writer, Leo Tolstoy, informs the reader of this tragedy from just the title of his novella, TheDeath of Ivan Ilych.
Immediately, Tolstoy draws the attention of his audience with the title. It is a curious title because it tells us the fate of the eponymous character of the
story, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The desperate quest for existential meaning put him in distress. He first turned to the Russian Orthodox Church. However, he found the church and its
institutions to be corrupt and voiced against them, which led to his excommunication. Additionally, he repudiated "all the sacraments, all miracles, the
Holy Trinity, the immortality of the soul, and many other tenets of traditional religion," as Gary Saul Morson, Frances Hooper Professor of the Arts
and Humanities in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, encapsulates in his Encyclopedia Britannica Online article, "Leo Tolstoy" (Morson).
Tolstoy ultimately found solace in the teachings of Jesus Christ, especially, in the Sermon on the Mount. He admired Jesus not as a son of God, but,
rather, as a sagacious mortal man. The religious teachings profoundly changed Tolstoy. He dressed in peasant clothing, rejected his wealth from past
works, stripped himself of the title "Count," and championed the doctrine of turning the other cheek . His lifestyle acts as a foil to Ivan Ilych's, a
bourgeois who wastes his life on petty, materialistic

Arcady: His Voyage Towards Individualism Essay
In the novel Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev, Arcady plays a major role both in his own life and the lives of others. Arcady, despite the shield he
surrounds himself with, is not a true Nihilist like his friend Bazarov through his thoughts and actions we see his change. To begin, Arcady shows signs
of Romanticism Early on in the novel despite the announcement of his Nihilist beliefs. For example, Bazarov and Arcady were walking one afternoon
in the garden and overheard Nicholas playing his cello.
"At that instant the lingering notes of a 'cello were wafted towards them from the house . . . and, like honey, the melody flowed through the
air" (49). Like a true Nihilist, Bazarov immediately denounced the act of playing music as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arcady even went so far as to tell Katya, in his own way, that he truly loved her.
"It may be all the same to you, but I should like to state that, far from having any preference for your sister, I wouldn't exchange you for anyone
else in the world" (174). Bazarov also fell in love with Anna Sergeyevna but realized that she would not love him back. " 'I must tell you
that I love you stupidly, madly . . .
. You have forced me. Now you know.' Madame Odintzov was filled with fear as well as a feeling of compassion for him. But she at once disengaged
herself from his embrace an instant later she was already standing distantly in the corner and gazing at him. 'You misunderstood me,' she whispered
hastily in alarm. She looked as though she might scream if he took another step (108)." And so, he returned to his Nihilist beliefs.
Arcady's falling in love with Katya and his proposal to her was his second step towards becoming an individual. It showed that he no longer
followed Bazarov like an impressionable child would an older sibling. He now began to make large decisions on his own which affected his life in a
big way.Arcady, through his understanding of Bazarov's arrogance, took his third and final step towards becoming his own person. "It is not for
the gods to glaze pottery . . .
. Only now, at this very instant, was the whole bottomless pit of Bazarov's arrogance and pride revealed to him. 'So you and I are

Role Of Nihilism In 19th Century Russia
During the mid 19th century Russia was in a state of political and economic instability as it struggled to keep pace with its Western counterparts to be a
developed dominant power. The Crimean War, 1853
–1856, was proved to be unsuccessful and led to Russia being forced into the Treaty of Paris. They
had to demilitarize the Black Sea as well as give up important pieces of land. In the middle of the war Tsar Nicholas I died of pneumonia, and was
replaced by Tsar Alexander II. Nicholas I ruled with an iron fist and was known for his expansion ofRussia's territory, but also for the widespread
corruption and poor economy. Alexander II replaced him in March of 1855, and his goal as Tsar was to reform the government, military, and the
judiciary and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dostoyevsky writes the story from the third person omniscient, providing the reader with the inner thoughts and monologues from all the characters.
This style he mastered is likely derived from his roots in prison and Siberia. Long days confined to isolation give him a unique insight as a writer and
allow him to so deeply and effectively portray the inner machinations of such an enigmatic mind. For the most part the story is told not through
dialogue or interaction between people but through these internal thoughts and their implications. The story told from this cerebral vantage point
"reveals the author's mastery of psychological observation and analysis"(Uwasomba). Dostoyevsky uses long unbreaking paragraphs, with little
speaking, to really give the reader the sense of understanding the story through the eyes of the Raskolnikov. Using this style helps convey two major
aspects for the development of Raskolnikov; it puts the reader in his mindset, giving them the isolated feeling that is with Raskolnikov at almost all
times, and it also allows the reader to follow the mental evolution of him as we see him develop into a classic tragic

Turgenev Vs Turrgene
As the title, "Fathers and Sons" hints, there is a clear split between the landowners (fathers), and the younger generation when it comes to the peasant
question. Turgenev portrays the landowners as self–described progressives who have an interest in their peasants' well being. However, their idea of
progress is far more moderate than what the younger generation believes in, full emancipation. The older generation seems to still believe that treating
the peasants well is in some way an adequate solution to the troubled system. They don't understand the full breath of change that must take place.
Turgenev also portrays the landowners being disconnected from peasant life in some unbridgeable way. For example, Turgenev writes that even though

The Superfluous Men By Ivan Turgenev
The "superfluous men" is a concept in Russian literature meaning characters' behavior or philosophy of values in the society that go against existing
social norms. They alienated from the surrounding environment, struggle to hold their own beliefs, and duel with conflicts of society or within the self.
The intent of this paper, therefore, is to analyze three characters who are described in the three stories, which can be termed as "superfluous men,"
regarding both psychological and physical dueling.
In the novel, Fathers and Children, draws most prolific aspects in the center of literature field especially concerning the phenomenon of "superfluous
man" as presented by the author Ivan Turgenev. The main character in the book, Bazarov, brings a new philosophy known as nihilism into the
community, which conflicts with the beliefs, tradition, and interest of the Russian society in the nineteenth century. Bazarov is well versed in
philosophical arguments that all go against the social status quo, and aspires to dedicate himself to the study of biology. Moreover, he sadly infuriates
Pavel with his philosophy of nihilism. Bazarov is starting a duel by telling Pavel his beliefs meaning nothing and faith is useless. In response, Pavel
defends the Russian traditions of religious belief, faith, and superior morals. Pavel states "It holds tradition sacred; it 's a patriarchal people and can 't
live without faith... " (Turgenev, 40). At this point, the argument begins from the debate of

The Fear Of Procrastination
Some people put off the making of big decisions to move on in life because of fear of failure. Instead of taking up new challenges that will bring
them closer to their goals, they decide to remain where they are 'for now.' They're nursing the fear of unknown. Right inside of them, they know they
have to do something, but they keep procrastinating, waiting until the coast is clear. Their case is well illustrated by these words of Ivan Sergeyevich
Turgenev, a Russian novelist, "If we wait for the moment when everything, absolutely everything is ready, we shall never begin." Theirprocrastination
is sabotaging their own mind because everything will never be ready.
4.Anxiety
I know this as the back of my hand. Anxiety is a subtle cause of procrastination. Try and remember the last time you put off the doing of something.
What caused it? You may not realize it, but it's there. If you don't know how you'll fare in an exercise, a job, or a project, or another endeavor, anxiety
will set in and the easy way out of the anxiety is to avoid the endeavor for now. Tell me if you think I'm wrong. Procrastinator shifts their focus from the
future that's staring them in the face because they're anxious that the job is challenging. They concentrate on the present rewards.
5.Excuses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Procrastination rides on the horses of excuse, once you allow an excuse to stop you from doing the right thing at the right time, procrastination will
soon become the habit that will dominate your actions. Procrastinators always have a lot of flimsy excuses to wait. They see why they shouldn't do
something for now and most of these reasons are not real. Robert Anthony, a legend and a motivational speaker, said, "Waiting is a trap. There will
always be reasons to wait – The truth is, there are only two things in life, reasons and results, and reasons simply don't count." (Read more about such
excuses in Chapter

Examples Of Conflict In Father And Son
The clash between ideas of one generation and the ideas of the next creates conflicts between parents and children. In this case, between fathers and
sons. For example in Ivan Turgenev's novel Father and Sons (1862), the central conflict is depicted through the motif of generational differences, which
are revealed through the portrayal of each character and his or her relationship to others.
In Father and Sons, Turgenev reveals this conflict between the traditionalists Pavel in contrast to the modernist, Bazarov. This conflict is raised
because of each characters generation and belief. For example Pavel is from an older generation who follows an old traditional Russian ideology.
However, Bazarov rejects the old traditional Russian ideologies and concentrate on the modern thinking of Nihilism. Because of the two very different
ideologies and beliefs, it is inevitable that there will be a sense of tension and hatred building between the two characters which will eventually lead to
climax when one of the characters goes overboard, which is shown during the duel of Bazarov and Pavel.
Pavel Petrovich (Arkady's Uncle) is a true believer of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example between parents and their children. Like in the novel, the parents are from an old time period like the traditionalist Pavel and children
are from a modern time period like the Nihilist Bazarov. Just like the conflict between Pavel and Bazarov, Parents and children have conflict every
day because of their different beliefs. Parents don't like it when their children are on their phone because when they grew up such things did not exist.
However, for children they want to be on the phone because in their generation this is a normal thing. Everyone has a different set of beliefs that make
up their personality; however, this is all derived from their

Doctor Ivanich's 'Flawed In The District Doctor'
Physicians are Flawed Heroes: Vulnerable to Human Imperfections The Father of Modern Medicine, William Osler, once stated "The good physician
treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease." Could a famous physician be vulnerable as well to a doctor–patient
relation? Nobody is impeccable and every person has their unique tragic flaws. It is widely known that computers calculate mathematical operations
much faster than humans because they only have one job, justly, if physicians were not distracted and focused on one mission only: to rehabilitate their
patient, the job would be completed much quicker and much more efficiently. "The District Doctor", written by Ivan Turgenev, raises these moral
issues to light,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A physician must always do their best at improving the patient's welfare, which can be achieved efficiently, if they hold all their feelings aside until the
patient is fully rehabilitated. The relationship found in the short story, between Aleksandra Andreyevna and Trifon Ivanich is unethical. "Now...yes,
now I can tell you that I thank you with my whole heart...that you are kind and good – that I love you!" (Turgenev 133). The affection of the doctor
towards the patient might have influenced the final outcome of her welfare, as it is stated in the story that Aleksandra only took medicine from the
doctor himself. Possibly the doctor gave her too little or too much medicine, the readers will never know, but the conclusion is the same: the medication
did not work. If the doctor was not in love, perhaps he would have noticed that the prescriptions did not help and maybe he could have still saved the
young woman. Therefore, doctors are defenceless against human sentiments, in Ivan Turgenev's story, the sentiment is love. This a huge blemish for
doctors and physicians, because a patient's life is endangered whenever a patient's treatment is interspersed with human

Gogol And Turgenev : The Structure Of The Russian Society
RUSS 271W Final Paper Radhika Anbazhagan How do authors' Gogol and Turgenev emphasize the structure of the Russian society? Imperial Russian
society during the time of serfdom was characterized by constantly changing social order. The society experienced a complex social change at the
threshold to emancipation. It was undergoing many changes with increasing westernization and serfdom culture that gave rise to formation of new
classes (raznochintsy) during the nineteenth century. Many authors have reflected and emphasized this component of change in the structure of
pre–emancipation Russian society. This paper will examine how two writers: Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev, in their novels, Dead Souls and Fathers
and Sons depict the society's constantly changing nature through the relationships between their characters and the development in their beliefs and
ideas. Although both the novels explore societal change during the pre–emancipation of serfs, the emphasis of change is different in both the novels. In
Fathers and Sons, Turgenev oversees shifting values prevalent in the society. He explores the shift in generational values by depicting the difference
in beliefs of characters like Bazarov and Nikolai. On the other hand, in Dead Souls Gogol focuses on issues of morality in society. He depicts a
struggle for morality and portrays a corrupt society through the landowners and the protagonist, Chichikov, in his book. To analyze these issues, the
approach I choose is to

Dostoevsky as Performer Essay
Dostoevsky as Performer
Storytelling and reading aloud played a valuable part in young Fyodor's life, influencing his own later successful writing endeavors as well as his
performance of literature. His nanny and wet nurse introduced the Dostoevsky children to folklore and lives of the saints through the stories they told.
Nanny Alyona Frolovna "told the children stories of ancient Russia, of Saint Sergey of Moscow subduing a bear by the power of his holiness, of
heroes and legends and folk tales, Christianity and Russian myth intertwined"; the stories were so vivid and frightening that the children had trouble
sleeping (Gunn 10). During the winter their former wet nurses would make a ceremonial visit to the Dostoevsky family, staying ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe were favorites of the Dostoevskys. Frank contends that Dostoevsky, influenced by Radcliffe, would later
incorporate Gothic techniques of plot, character, and atmosphere "and carry them to a peak of perfection that has never been surpassed" (1976, 55).
Among the literature read and discussed by the Dostoevsky fireside were the Bible, writings of Nikolai Karamzin, including History of the Russian
State, Letters of a Russian Traveller, and Poor Liza; the poets Vasily Zhukovsky, Mikhail Y. Lermontov, Gavriil R. Derzhavin, and, of course, Alexander
Pushkin; and the novelist Sir Walter Scott. Frank believes that "thereadings in the family circle were designed to stimulate and benefit the children and
to turn them into Godfearing and loyal citizens of the Tsar" (1976, 5960). Geir Kjetsaa reports that the Dostoevsky parents were fine readers "and the
two oldest boys [Mikhail and Fyodor] did not lag far behind them" and is convinced that for Fyodor "these reading sessions served as a literary
foundation for his entire life" (10).
The influence of Fyodor's mother, his first teacher, was no doubt strong as she conveyed her love of poetry and novels as well as music. Fyodor began
to read for himself "at the age of four from an antique volume containing a hundred and four Bible tales" and "conceived a passion for the book of Job"

Book Review : Father And Sons By Ivan Turgenev
Bazarov v. Pavel
Father and Sons by Ivan Turgenev is about two young men returning home from college. In the beginning readers are introduced to Arkady a young
man whom on his journey home to his father has brought his friend, Bazarov. From the first meeting Arkady's family is a little suspicious of Bazarov
and have many questions for him and about him. Conversation did not start between the men until the next morning at breakfast. Nikolai (Arkadys
father) had a few things to say but the real debate happened between Pavel (Arkadys uncle) throughout the early chapters.
Bazarov is an interesting character is because it is made known that he is a Nihilist. Nihilism according to definition means a few things, "total
rejection of established laws and institutions." or, "An extreme form of skepticism; the denial of all real existence or the possibility of an objective
basis for truth." (Dictionary.com) The first example Bazarov shows of his Nihilism is his interactions with a young boy over a frog. The young boy is
fascinated by this frog but Bazarov wants it purely to cut open for research purposes. The boy tries to explain to Bazarov that the frog is just a frog but
Bazarov does not agree. He believes there is more to learn by cutting open a frog.
Bazarov and his Nihilism makes the relationship between him and Arkadys uncle, Pavel an interesting one. After their first meeting Bazarov makes a
few comments to Arkady, "What an oddball of an uncle you've got!" (Turgenev 17) He

In the 19th century novel Fathers and Sons, author Ivan...
In the 19th century novel Fathers and Sons, author Ivan Turgenev compliments the theme of the generation gap by portraying two divergent paradigms
of nihilism and the author's personal ideology, romanticism. Yevgeny Bazarov's is used as a representative of nihilism thus epitomizing one side of the
spectrum; meanwhile Nikolai Kirsanov serves as a token for romanticism. Both characters experience key tests through character interaction in the
novel and thus strive to test their own perspective. Through the use of the characters of Nikolai Kirsanov and Yevgeny Bazarov, Turgenev respectively
conveys that balance and progressiveness are essential in order to sustain one's philosophy through life's challenges.
A title of a novel can offer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite Pavel being the one to actively challenge Bazarov, the disagreements revolve around disputing the nihilistic philosophy itself; Nikolai's
character is Bazarov's true opposite. His romantic philosophy depicts the strong contrast between the two different views and hence the essence of the
novel. This is accomplished with Nikolai's love for nature, poetry, appreciation of beauty in the simple things, such as art and music with his leisure
practice of the cello, his character seeks the active implementation of the prior definition of romanticism in his life. Despite Nikolai's willing accepting
attitude towards the new generation Bazarov still perceives Nikolai as an unprogressive individual and even subtly criticizing him to Arkady saying
"His quoting poetry isn't up to much and he doesn't understand a great deal about estate management but he's a good sort."(18) The quotation
illustrates more insight on Bazarov's character, despite that he just arrives as a guest, he already begins inspecting imperfections of the setting around
him. As Bazarov is a figure of admiration for Arkady, and Arkady is on a journey of proving his own supposedly nihilist nature, Arkady tries to
implement his views onto Nikolai in attempts of progressing him rather than understanding his father's nature. Nevertheless Nikolai's patience, love and
devotion for his son

Generational Conflict In Father And Son By Ivan Sergeevich...
Culture is the sum of attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Culture is transmitted, through language,
material objects, ritual, institutions, and art, from one generation to the next. Because the processes of cultural formation are all different, culture is
very diverse, for example; human culture, national culture, generation culture, and family culture. Since there are various cultures, cultural conflicts
arise. These cultural conflicts can be easily seen around us as other forms of conflict. The best example of cultural conflict is generational conflict.
Because each generation is different in the process of formation, each generation has its own culture. If the generations are different, they do not
understand their culture. That is why the generational conflict happens. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel, "Father and Son," is a Russian novel that
focuses on the generational conflict, with a detailed observation of the ideological conflicts in the upheaval Russia. The most common conflict between
conservatism and progressivism is solved by general conflicts such as the generation of the father and the generation of the son, and the consensus is
raised.
The origin of Turgenev's Father and Son was 'Fathers and Sons'. It is plural, not singular. It is not just about a father or a son, but about the 'father' as
an older generation and the 'sons' as a new generation. Fathers are strong in conservative tendencies and do not want the

The Influence Of Bazarov's Nihilistic View
Freud objects to the idea the men love their neighbors because he thinks that men are too aggressive and want more for themselves than anyone else.
To an extent, I understand where he comes up with this notion. There are a lot of people in this world that are very self–centered, especially these
days. A big thing a lot of people are striving for in life is power and money. To achieve that goal, they will do almost anything to make sure it happens.
We get this notion that man should love his or her neighbor from The Bible. Mark 12:31, "Love your neighbor as yourself. There is no greater
commandment than these." We are supposed to love our neighbor because God tells us that we should. Freud refers to man as "creatures," saying that
our "instincts" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These two are good friends. Arkady is heavily influenced by Bazarov's "nihilistic" views on life. The one time that stood out to me where these two
fell under Freud's notion was in chapter 21. Bazarov had just expressed his feeling to Madame Odintsova. He was embarrassed that she did not accept
his feelings towards her, causing him to be in a bad mood and take his frustrations out on others. In this situation, being Arkady. They get into an
argument after Bazarov makes a rude comment to Arkady about his "idiot uncle." Bazarov talking to Arkady, "...to walk in your uncle's footsteps.
How pleased that worthy imbecile would have been if he had heard you" (Turgenev 122). Arkady takes this as an insult and they continue to fight.
This argument is meaningless and shouldn't have happened. Bazarov is so tied up in his emotions over Madame Odintsova that he loses the "love"
for his friend Arkady. He takes out his anger and frustration on Arkady and this is where Freud's assessment of humans comes into play. Bazarov is
friends with Arkady but as soon as Bazarov's feelings anger him, he loses sight of that "love" for Arkady. He is only concerned with his feelings so he
takes out his frustrations on Arkady making him feel better but not taking into consideration of Arkady's

Satire and Critique in Dead Soul by Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol
A Satire for the Ages Satirical fiction, although unique and one of a kind in its nature, has continued to be an enthralling and captivating subject out of
the plethora of themes that exist throughout literature history and thrive to this day. While the many forms of humor that appear throughout a novel,
from comical, ironic characters to witty, exaggerated plots, are often considered tame and childish themes, authors, skillful and clever alike, are able to
utilize such forms of humor and transform them into a means of stirring emotion within their audiences, in order to deliver logical, yet powerful
messages. For centuries, authors have used satires as devices to not only ridicule, but to expose and criticize people's stupidity and... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
But as Tchitchikov visits individual after individual, the honest picture of the "hero" is slowly unveiled–thus the very first message Gogol delivers is
not to judge any noble by mere appearance. Although Tchitchikov does indeed possess many great social qualities, he uses them only to his advantage.
Tchitchikov sweet talks every noble he encounters and, whether it be by overpowering them with intellect or by playing them with words, forces them
to give him the dead "souls" that he desires. In addition, Tchitchikov, throughout the account, continues to resort to immoral decisions. While he had
gained many friends of high status in the town of N, he finds himself abusing their kindness and hospitality to try and get rich, which ultimately ruins
him soon after. A second time, while having the opportunity to settle down and earn money honestly, he finds himself getting caught up in a scandal.
Gogol very comically criticizes how, unless deciding to change, Russian nobles, in their pride and greed, will continue to make the same mistakes, time
and time again. Another means by which Gogol is able to present a satire of Russian life is the portrayal of women throughout the novel. The first
woman Tchitchikov encounters is Madame Korobotcha. It can be seen that he converses with her with less decorum and

The Seagull By Anton Chekhov
Throughout the plot of action in the play, The Seagull, Anton Chekhov illustrates various examples of human disappointment through the
interactions of the characters. Whether human disappointment is presented in the form of one sided love or the a life with no meaning, Chekhov
presents to his readers a world where joy and happiness are values that are no where to be seen. Therefore, feelings of disappointment and despair
seem to dominate the lives of the characters. The first example where Chekhov addresses human disappointment is through Masha's hopeless view
of life. Masha's negative perception of life is exemplified by the fact that she always wears black. She claims to wear black because, "I am in
mourning for my life. I am unhappy," (105). Not only does this quote set the gloomy tone for the rest of the play, but it also unveils the first of
examples of problematic love triangles: Masha loves Treplev, but Treplev loves Nina. Masha's disappointment is also manifested by her constant
drinking, acts meant to drown her reality away. Her misery eventually propels to the point where she reluctantly agrees to marry Medvedenko in order
to distract herself from her obsession over Treplev. However, hermarriage and even bearing of children does not seem to have any effect on her as she
continues living infatuated with Treplev.
Talking about Medvedenko, this character, like Masha, immediately expresses his dissatisfaction with his life. A man of poor financial standing,

Isaiah Berlin's Fathers And Children-Turgenev And The...
In the lecture titled Fathers and Children–Turgenev and the Liberal Predicament, Isaiah Berlin draws our attention to Turgenev's ambivalent attitude
towards the hero of the novel, Bazarov. Turgenev is no doubt fascinated by Bazarov's destructive energy, and yet remains unable to stand firmly on
Bazarov's side. Bazarov is not a revolutionist dreaming to build a utopian empire on the ruin of existing orders–he does not care to analyse what is it
that he swears to destroy–but is a self–proclaimed nihilist vowing to clear the ground. The author almost wishes that the sheer force in Bazarov could
be smoothened, be tempered and be steered to something constructive; but in his attempt to reshape Bazarov by subjecting him to the ordeal of love, he
finds himself with no other choice but to shatter Bazarov altogether. Love ties one to the mundane in life at the present moment and renders one
vulnerable to all the sentimentalism that a nihilist should contempt. Consequently a Bazarov in love must die. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Although a peer of Bazarov and his most enthusiastic disciple, in the course of the story Arkady discovers himself to be the opposite of Bazarov
and falls back to become his father. Bazarov's has to die, but Arkday is granted worldly happiness in the end by the affectionate pen of the author.
Turgenev does not force himself or the readers to struggle with Arkady, and consequently Arkady does not possess Bazarov's power to provoke or to
despair. It would not be inappropriate to suggest, however, that deep in Turgenev's heart, Arkady's resign constitutes an important part of his own
attitude towards the dilemma of his time. Fathers and Sons is a book about the deep gulf between the two generations of Russians in the 1840s and the
1860s, and Arkady, a member of the new generation, symbolizes the impossibility of a true settlement of the deeply trenched conflicts by way of
reconciliation, because he simply withdraws without

Bazarovism And Nihilism
During the 1860s, there were new, different streams of thoughts that were emerging. In Fathers and Sons, Bazarov was a nihilist, and represented the
younger generation who believed in Bazarovism. Turgenev's description of Bazarov and his attempts to change Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, a
Romantic, reveals what Turgenev thought toward nihilists. Bazarov's actions and thoughts mirror the thoughts of those young scholars during the
1860s. Throughout his novel, Turgenev's portrayal of Bazarov create a description of Bazarovism, a different and new type of literary type and thought
for Russia during the 1860s. These new literary and intellectual types of thought grew from the generational difference between the fathers and the
sons. As it grew out of a difference between generations, Bazarovism is largely different from Romanticism, what the fathers believe in, and is related to
nihilism.
Turgenev, in describing what type of person Bazarov was, coined the term nihilism. In Fathers and Sons, Arkady, Nikolai's son, states that Bazarov is
a nihilist. Turgenev then describes the actions of Bazarov, creating a new intellectual thought, Bazarovism. Bazarovism is mostly derived from his
own actions and views, but is also influenced by others' reactions to the way Bazarov acts. As a nihilist, Bazarov rejects anything unless it has been
previously proven to be true. Arkady tells his father, Nikolai, and Pavel, his uncle, that as a nihilist, Bazarov "looks at everything critically." Instead

The literary Trope of a Superfluous Man in Russian...
Russian literature was very much influenced by the literary trope known as the superfluous man. This trope was ideal for writers to describe the
shortcomings of Russian high–class society. There has been a witnessed general consistency when dealing with the superfluous man such as the
exhibition of cynicism and existential angst, while indulging in vices such as affairs, gambling and duelling. These individuals are typically from noble
birth yet refused to fit into society and disregard the societal norms. This trend can be witnessed through many examples such as Alexander Pushkin's
"Eugene Onegin" and "Diary of a Superfluous Man" by Ivan Turgenev. The characters described by these authors reflects the lifestyles of such a man,
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet despite all his inherited wealth and connections he shrugs off social norms as he indulges in his sin and poetry, and because of such subversive
poems in exiled. Onegin was quite entranced despite frivalities to find love, yet still cynical and poetic by such fate "He was convinced, a kindred
creature would be allied to him by fate; that, meanwhile, pinched and glum of feature, from day to day she could but wait; and he believed his friends
were ready to put on chains for him, and steady their hand to grapple slander's cup, in his defence, and smash it up" (II.VIII) Despite Pushkin's Don
Juan motifs, he settles down with a young noblewoman, Natalia, and like the typical superfluous man his love for this women leads to his misery. By
enticing a duel, which he has done numerous times, another example of his idleness; he meets his fate as he is fatally wounded outside of St.
Petersburg. The comparisons between the superfluous Onegin and the superfluous Pushkin push many bounds, as the superfluous man, as the trope of
the

A Truly Beautiful Soul in The Idiot, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky...
The Russian novelist Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky stands at the very summit of Russian literature. No 19th–century writer had greater
psychological insight or philosophical depth. None speaks more immediately and passionately to the mood and tone of the present century. This essay
will discuss how Dostoyevsky's intent to portray a 'truly beautiful soul' manifests itself in the novel The Idiot, and access Dostoyevsky's success or
failure in achieving his intention.
Dostoyevsky confesses in his letter to Maikov dated January 12, 1868 that his 'desperate situation' compelled him to resort to the fascinating and
tempting, but nonetheless difficult and premature thought of portraying 'a wholly beautiful individual.' As a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would suggest that Myshkin could not possibly embody beauty since he is ineffectual and destructive and ultimately inadvertently assists a murder
of a physically beautiful woman. I will try to show in my essay though that although this is a deliberately pessimistic and truthful hypothesis,
Dostoyevsky does portray a 'truly beautiful soul'.
The proposal of The Idiot is to expose the contradiction between worldly and heavenly values: a 'saint', like Prince Myshkin, is considered an
'idiot'. He doesn't see what everybody sees, because he has got his eyes set not in other people's faces, but in their souls. Just like the author, he is a
psychologist: and a psychologist not only with a complete understanding of every individual's minds, but also full of compassion for each one of their
failures. Once again, we see the triad 'compassion/forgiveness/love' as the main message of the book.
Prince Myshkin is Dostoyevsky's positive character. He is an ideal Christian and lives by the virtue of such ideals. He is compassionate, benevolent,
patient and forgiving. He arrives in Russia at the age of twenty six having spent four years in Switzerland treating his epilepsy and mental illness. He
refers to himself as an 'idiot' because of this illness. The reason for his arrival to St. Petersburg is to start a new life with the help of his distant
relative Elizaveta Prokofievna Yepanchin. At their family home he is attracted to Aglaya as a new hope. He

The Queen Of Spades Alexander Pushkin Analysis
The human mind proves itself extremely turbulent and intricate in its functionality. Before modern medicine understood it to the extent that it does in
the present day, ideas of insanity and madness were speculated by the masses. Even today, in an era that has become so progressive in medical studies
and knowledge, the topic still remains ambiguous. In the nineteenth century, there was a great deal of misunderstanding when it came to insanity, with
this curiosity came artistic expression. As seen in the 1834 work of Alexander Pushkin, "The Queen of Spades," the journey to this supposed madness is
explored and traced through literal phrasing as well as contextual evidence. The tale faults the protagonist's, Hermann's, very human vices of rage ...
Such a claim is supplemented with the claim that the gun was not loaded, making his innocence highly plausible. At face value, he seems to have
logically thought out a means by which to acquire his information; this is contradicted upon further inspection and the idea that he may have already
lost his battle to maintaining his sanity. His plan to enter the cupboard and wait for the countess is so calculated and drawn out by Pushkin it is hard
to believe his decision to draw a firearm on the old woman be undeserving of an introduction of a similar nature. Its abrupt and sudden appearance
almost mirrors the lack of structure present in his mind. There is no indication that the gun was, in fact, empty of bullets other than the word of a man
that is later committed. As the theme of what appears to be is not always so is prevalent throughout the tale, there is fair reason to believe that his rage
over took his sensibility, much as his desire had done, and drove him to his actions. Was it not for the sudden death of The Countess, there is no
concrete indication that he would not use the weapon on

Alternative Crime And Punishment Ending By Dostoevsky

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Alternative Crime And Punishment Ending By Dostoevsky