Psychology Trauma Depression: How Trauma Leads to Depression in Psychology

Psychology Trauma In Psychology
How trauma in psychology lead to depression. In psychology, trauma is a damage to the mind that
occurs because of a severely distressing event. It is a normal human response to an abnormal event.
Trauma is often the result of an overwhelming amount of stress that exceeds one's ability to cope or
integrate the emotions involved with that experience. Trauma occurs when a person is overwhelmed
by something beyond their control, while depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent
feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It is a condition of general emotional dejection, withdrawal,
sadness greater and more prolonged than that warranted by any objective reason. A traumatic event
involves one's experience or repeating
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Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
Psychology as we all know is the scientific study of the behavior of humans and animals. The
following paragraphs will compare and contrast Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Humanistic
perspectives of psychology. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers about behavior
through different techniques and through looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to
the different approaches, each perspective form their own assumptions and explanations. Some
perspectives are widely accepted while others struggle for acceptance Ya– Ling Wang and Yi–Cheng
Lin were the key people in developing the Humanistic Perspective, Chin– Lan Huang and Kuang–
Hui Yeh were the key people in developing the Psychodynamic Perspectives and American
psychologist John B. Watson was the key person in developing the Behavioral perspective. The
Psychodynamic Perspective focuses on unconscious mental activity. This perspective suggests that
both normal and abnormal behaviors are determined primarily by unconscious forces (Ya– Ling
Wang and Yi–Cheng Wang). The Behavioral Perspective focus on observable behaviors; but does
not speculate about mental processes such as thinking (Ya Ling Wang and Yi–Cheng Wang). It also
focuses on learning in understanding how various behaviors occur. Likewise, David Ackerman
wrote a book about "A Natural History Of the senses" and in this book he talks about all the natures
and about their perspectives. Similarly, I have pretty much got a concept of how a

There are many branches in the world of psychology. There is the behavior psychology, also known
as behaviorism, a leading theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired
through conditioning. Cognitive psychology, the branch of psychology that focuses on internal
states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision making, thinking and attention. Development
psychology, the branch that looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to
adulthood. Out of the many branches, I feel I notice abnormal psychology in my everyday life.
The study of abnormal psychology focuses on the unusual emotion and thought, and patterns of
behavior. These may or may not precipitate a mental disorder. Abnormal psychology deals with
behavior in a clinical context. Most disorders in this branch take a tool on a person's everyday life.
The field identifies multiple causes for different conditions, creating diverse theories from the
general field of psychology, and much still questions on what is meant by "abnormal"
There are many conditions that are categorized in abnormal psychology. One of the most leading
causes of death concerning abnormal psychology is major depression disorder. Major depressive
disorder is also known as major depression, clinical depression, or unipolar depression. Unipolar is
the presence of one pole. In other words, extreme of mood– depressed mood. This may be compared
with bipolar depression which has the two poles of depressed mood

Psychology : Theory Of Psychology
Introduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following
contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person
committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives
and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the
personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would
believe that the fundamental behaviors and feelings are powerfully affected by motives that are not
controllable, but rather are unconscious motives. Previous childhood experiences also have a
substantial influence on the character of one that is in adulthood, and where one's personality is
comprised of three major parts: ID, ego, and super–ego. In addition, most of the aspects of one's
personality and actions are driven by parts of the unconscious mind and at times contradict with the
conscious mind, where this creates anxiety. Therefore, in the perspective of someone who is an
advocate of psychodynamic psychology, human aggression would be based on motives that are
unconscious, where perhaps hatred or jealousy may play an aspect in human aggression. The best
and most effective method to control such aggression would be to have ego control and prevent the
expression of aggression. With exclusive regards to aggression, the psychodynamic approach would
thereby theorize that there is some conflict in the

Psychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay
(1) your theoretical approach to counseling (e.g.: behavioral, humanistic, Adlerian, etc.), I find it
hard to choose one theoretical approach as I've learned to see the benefits of many. I'm drawn to an
aspect that each approach tends to emphasize. Initially, I would say behavioral theory; because of its
central focus on learned behavior. I believe we are defined by our actions, and most of our present
behaviors or tendencies have been shaped by past experiences. This leads me to believe that are
most memorable moments are those that shape us, and our most memorable moments are those
packed with emotion. So, I cannot believe that solely are actions can change our behavior, our
thoughts and feelings about the situation at hand take part in our actions as well. Our thinking can
influence our feelings and thus change our behavior. Which is what cognitive theory focuses on. So
I tend to value a more cognitive behavioral approach. (2) your concept of human nature, I believe
we do pass on physical and mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another and
our environment plays a significant factor on who we are as well. Though change is possible, are
values and ideals of who we are or ought to be are engrained within us. I also think we are all very
selfish beings, which makes perfect sense because you need to take care of yourself in order to
survive. I think because society has evolved so much from our initial caveman days that a lot of our
instincts are no

Psychology : The Field Of Psychology
The field of Psychology has been an area of study, since Wilhelm Wundt did the first psychology lab
in 1879 (McLeod, 2008), and since then we have come a very long way in discovering what makes
up human behaviors and mental processes. It is important to learn about the field of psychology,
especially in the field of Child and Youth care because, understanding how the brain works and
understanding the actions, and or reasoning behind feelings may help with the cognitive therapy of a
child in need. To begin, I believe having the correct knowledge and understanding how
neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and
serotonin affect the brain are important. As well as having the knowledge of the different parts of the
limbic system such as the hippocampus (memory), amygdala (emotion), thalamus (brain directory),
hypothalamus (breathing, hunger, thirst, sleep). Finally, classical conditioning. Classical
conditioning is a way of teaching through stimuli and events (David G. Myers, 2014). We study
psychology to gain more knowledge on areas of the brain, how they work, and how they may affect
an individual. Three areas in the field of psychology that could improve my learning academics/
employment skills include classical conditioning, dopamine, and the amygdala.
To begin, the amygdala is an area of psychology that could assist my employment skills. The
amygdala is a Neuro cluster that resembles 2 lima beans in size (David G. Myers, 2014)

Psychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but
discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its
functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions;
all these makes man a complex being.
Psychology isn't just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the
question "why", proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The research is geared
towards evidence–based strategies to solve problems and improve lives. As a science, it is
subdivided into various groups such as clinical psychology, counselling psychology, developmental
psychology, climate and environmental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has to do with Nature and Nurture. Nature refers to our DNA inheritance and how it contributes
to our existence while Nurture is the influence of the environment on human. We learn through
experience and exposure.
One of the prominent theorist of development psychology is Jean Piaget. His theory is called Piaget
theory of cognitive development. He proposed that children have cognitive ability which enables
them to learn from their environment. He believes that a child develops and acquire knowledge and
experience through different stages as he grows; which are sensorimotor, pre–operational, concrete
operational and formal operation.
Cognitive development is the study of the mind and brain functions, which makes up our ability to
think, perceive, and make decisions. It is also related to other fields like neuroscience, philosophy
and linguistic. There is a thin line between cognitive psychology and cognitive science. As earlier
defined, cognitive psychology is the study of the mind and its functions. Cognitive science is
gathering of information through research. It is the foundation on which all other works are built on.
Its involves a non–human experiment, unlike cognitive psychology which involves human
participants.
Behavioral psychology also known as Behaviorism, studies our outward behavior. It is based on the
fact that behaviors are taught, which can also be measured and changed. Behavioral psychologist
believe that behavior is acquired through

Psychology : Nursing And Psychology
Nursing and psychology Although psychology and nursing fields very differ from each other
apparently. But, psychology is interlinked with nurse career. This is because nurse should get
involved in the interpersonal interaction with the patient and in result this creates an environment for
the care of patient. In this environment, nurse become part of a complex social psychological system
which will comprise of patient, medical staff and any relatives of patient. Therefore, it is essential to
be well aware of the attitude and behavior of people psychologically. Nurse always try not only to
understand the health related issues of people but also change their thoughts and attitude to enhance
their well–being. However, many nurses are focus on the very basic care to the patient such as
external symptoms and management of physical pathology. If a nurse understand the patient's
response and reaction to illness that would change the thought process in a very positive ways. Thus,
I think that it will defines both the significance and quality of the nursing actions. One of the crucial
idea that I learned in class is about Alzheimer's disease, which cause mostly in adulthood to slowly
lose memories and patient who has this disease will no longer recognize her family, friends, lovers
and even herself. I am not only learn about the disease and symptoms, but also how should I need to
take care for the patient. Nurse is focused on the care of patient and may attain, maintain optimal

Psychology And Sociology And Psychology
When we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our
mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of
"the behavior". Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had
read anything about this topics it would seem the same.
Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are
pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them is from who are they studying the behavior,
but to be more specific the differences that are going to be exposed in this paper are:
1) The focus point of study of each science.
2) Psychology and Sociology specialties or subfields.
3) The different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, one of the main differences between psychology and sociology is the focus point
of study. This is because if we go deeper in what these two sciences consist we find that psychology
tends to study one person at a time, to understand better the society trends in different areas like
mental illness, emotions, stress and human behavior. As a matter of fact to accomplish that,
psychologists have to make researches of memory, creativity, anger, grief, intelligence and more
others. This is why psychologist focus their attention on people as one, so as a result the individual
become the unit of psychology.
However, sociology assumes that the behavior of the people is influenced by their surroundings or
maybe to appertain to the group they belong to, is very similar to peer pressure. So basically
sociologist deal with the interaction of people, and they look further that just the individuals and
observe societies through their particular lenses or associations. In fact the people that study this
social science discovered that the majority of society behavior is dictated by social relations, for
example religion, race, social class and even gender. This is due to the fact that to find a significant,
unique and valid perspective of culture and society, sociologist need to study each one of these
filters. For these reason sociology focus their attention on society as a whole, making society the
unit of

This chapter covers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and
how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can
have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There
are many more topics and sub–topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1–
1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time.
In 1879, at a german university, Wilhem Wundt and his team created a machine that attempted the
measure atoms of the mind. This was psychology 's first ever experiment. Psychology 's earliest
pioneers included Wundt, Charles Darwin, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget and William
James. There were very few women psychologist in the late 1800 's, until Mary Whiton Calkins
became assistant to William James. She went on the become the first female president of the
American Psychological Association, and not the last. Agreeing on a definition of psychology was
not an easy task. For the early pioneers psychology was defined as the "science of mental life". It
stayed this until the 1920 's when John B Watson and B.F. Skinner decided that psychology was the
"Scientific study of observational behavior". Freudian psychology was another competing term for
psychology. It stated that our unconscious thought process and our emotional responses were linked
to childhood experiences. The

In the previous sessions with my client, she expressed feeling conflict with her roommates. Through
the Adlerian therapy techniques, my client spoke of insecurity in many of her personal relationships.
She revealed that her greatest anxiety concerning relationships stemmed from two of her
roommates. She expressed feeling that they were passive aggressive and generally judgmental.
Through the work done through these sessions, my client states that the issues have been resolved
and are no longer a constant source of stress. She explains that she was able to confront her
roommates in an amicable way and minimize the conflict previously felt. However, she expressed
great concern for her social life and her future. She states that she feels severe anxiety and pressure
from those around her as graduate school approaches and feels inferior in her social relationships.
For my client, I selected behavior therapy as my approach. As my client, Casey, claimed to be
primarily suffering from anxiety, I believed that the behavior therapy approach would allow her to
focus on the observable behaviors that were a part of this anxiety. Behavior therapy techniques were
also chosen as my client felt that she was limited in her personal choices in her future. One of the
emphases within behavior therapy is to increase the client's personal choices and emphasizes the
client's input on creating individual goals. As a behavior therapist, I worked collaboratively with my
client. Casey's problems

Psychology is a very broad field of study and requires a lot of research when choosing a career. The
education that is required for pursuing a career in the field of psychology depends on the type of
psychologist you want to be. Most psychology programs require at least a master 's degree to pursue
a psychologist career, but some may require a doctoral degree. It is important to know the
educational requirements as well as state requirements when entering the field of psychology.
Southwestern has helped me in pursuing my educational requirements for my field of interest in
educational psychology and am confident that with my knowledge I will succeed as a school
psychologist.
There are many careers available with a psychology degree, the difference is whether you have a
Bachelors of Arts degree in Psychology, a Master's in Psychology or a Ph. D. The more education an
individual has, the more career opportunities they will have. The careers available in psychology are
broad and even though they are all similar in what they study, they are also very different.
Psychology can range from clinical psychologist, who assess and treat patients with mental
illnesses; school psychologist who help assess and counsel students while helping with behavioral
interventions; and forensic psychologist who apply their knowledge to criminal justice in evaluating
behaviors and determining mental competency in criminal cases. The most important part of
entering into the field of

The Study Of Psychology And Psychology
Firstly, it is important to know what is meant by the term "science", and then to establish whether
psychology adheres to this. The Oxford English Dictionary defines science as "the study or
knowledge of the physical world, based on observation and experiment". This immediately raises
issues about this debate as many areas of psychological research do not involve the observable. For
example, the areas of Clinical and Counselling psychology rely on a patient's thoughts and feelings
to help determine whether they suffer from a mental disorder. Owing to an advancement in
technology, however, phenomena that was once labelled as unobservable can now be observed. One
example of this includes emotions, including happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, ... Show more content
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This, however, should not be taken at face value as these bodies would not want to portray
themselves as being unscientific. Nevertheless, there is an overall positive effect of the
psychological bodies seeing themselves as scientific as empirical research will be promoted further,
making psychology as a subject more scientific.
Furthermore, psychology has become more scientific by the need to move away from pseudo–
scientific perspectives. One such perspective, is Freud's Psychodynamic approach. This focuses on
the subconscious mind, and as this phenomena cannot be observed, it has been argued that the
Psychodynamic perspective is unfalsifiable and untestable. Both of these elements are key parts of
what makes a science. However, others have argued that the Psychodynamic perspective is testable,
but that it has just failed those tests (Hansson, 2015). review
The Behavioural perspective was the first to try and move psychology as a subject away from the
unscientific by focusing on observable and measurable behaviour to gain empirical evidence.
Moreover, since the 1970s, the Biological perspective has grown hugely with neuropsychology now
being a dominant approach. This shows that psychology has made a move to become more scientific
in its approaches and methods over time. review
It has been argued that demarcation should be unchanging throughout time. Dolby stated that if

Humanistic Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
Humanistic Psychology is a psychological sub–field which became prominent in the 20th century as
a response to the limitations of the psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism (Cherry, n.d.). The main
purpose is to help patients gain a belief that all people are inheritably good. Its roots starts with
Socrates and emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self–actualization. Humanistic
psychology utilizes a holistic approach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity,
free will, and a positive human potential. It encourages a self–awareness and mindfulness that helps
change the client's behavior from one of reaction to one with more productive self–awareness and
thoughtful actions. When first developed humanistic psychology was known as third–force
psychology so that it could be distinguished from the less humanistic approaches Sigmund Freud
and B.F. Skinner (Hall, 2007). Humanistic theory is summarized by five different core principles
(Cherry, n.d.). The first one states that human beings supersede the sum of their parts and cannot be
reduced to components. The second one states that humans have their existence in a uniquely human
context as well as in a cosmic ecology. The third one states that human are conscious and human
consciousness always includes and awareness of oneself in the context of other people. The fourth
princuiple states that humans have the ability to make choices and as a result have responsibility.
The finaal principle states that

The Psychology Of The Field Of Psychology
What captivated my interest in working within the field of psychology was the joy and sense of
accomplishment after aiding another individual in need. Since high school I have been involved in
volunteer work assisting individuals by helping them acquire new skills, or becoming a friendly
mentor. Throughout the years I learned how to observe others, as in discovering how different a
person may react to a certain situation, to how they interact within their social groups. Since my
volunteer work in high school, I went forth in taking up clinical psychology courses throughout my
college career and also acquired a summer job that let me expand and learn more outside of the
classroom, which then proven to me again that I love the psychology filed in helping people. During
my college experience as an undergraduate majoring in clinical psychology and minoring in
sociology, I pushed myself to excel the best in my academics along with outside circular activities. I
manage to maintain an overall B average in all my classes, while also assisting a professor in their
research, being the President of the Kutztown Psychology Club, choreographer at the Kutztown
Dance team, and working a part time job. Due to all of these events I learned how to properly
manage my time wisely, while still maintaining standard grade scores. However, I also learned that I
tend to put too much pressure on myself by filling up a busy schedule thinking I can accomplish
anything and everything, when in

B.F. Skinner (1904–1990), an American psychologist, was a leading proponent of behaviorism,
which influenced philosophy drastically. He advocated his own school of thought called radical
behaviorism, and conducted experiments analyzing behavior.
In "About Behaviorism", B.F. Skinner expands on methodological behaviorism's central tenet and its
weaknesses. Skinner illustrated that in methodological behaviorism, the only permissible and
pertinent evidence in scientific psychology is behavioral data. To methodological behaviorists,
introspection is not a form of evidence, since it is a private way of knowing. Since no public
agreement can converge on introspection, it cannot be accepted as scientific practice. And thus,
while methodological behaviorism acknowledges the existence of mental states, and believes that
mental states can mediate the processing of actions, it at the same time discounts mental states as a
form of empirical evidence (Skinner 18).
Skinner criticizes methodological behaviorists for granting the existence of mental events, while
discounting them as forms of evidence because mentalism detracts from the external originator
events that could explain behavior (Skinner 18). Thus, he proposes that radical behaviorism
ameliorates the above problem. Skinner claims that introspection is a composition of genetic and
environmental histories, and the increasing ability to control the environment makes it possible to
affect "the world within the skin and the

Psychology : The Psychology Of Psychology
This psychology class has further introduced me to two subfields of psychology that interest me.
The first subfield is clinical psychology, which is "the study of individuals, by observation or
experimentation, with the intention of promoting change" (American Psychological Association,
2015). They study different types of metal, emotional, and behavioral disorders from things as small
and temporary such as school and work stress, to permanent issues like schizophrenia and post–
traumatic stress disorder. This particular section interests me because I find it interesting to learn
about chronic diseases. It intrigues me to learn how these diseases come about and what affects they
have on an individuals' brain. For example, post–traumatic stress disorder can completely change a
person and their everyday life, almost controlling them. Another subfield of psychology that
interests me is forensic psychology. These psychologists "conduct evaluations that inform and guide
legal proceedings" (American Psychological Association, 2015). The cases they work on range from
child abuse cases to the sanity of a defendant. Forensic psychologists "conduct research on the
interface of law and psychology", this being why it interests me since I am a criminal justice and
psychology major (Myers & DeWall, 2014, p. C–3). The idea of being a part of legal issues such as
being a part of the deliberation by the jury or taking place in the consultation is something I would
enjoy doing. The reason I

Psychology is a broad field that studies the human mind, behavior and mental processes. However I
was surprised to learn that psychology also refers to love, stress, wisdom, and more topics that
allows one learn more about themself. There are four goals of psychology: describe, understand,
predict, and control behavior. Not only is psychology a science, it is a profession. There are many
different subfields that are related to the psychology field. Psychology can be split into a research
field or a practice field. In the research field of psychology, one conducts research to discover and
increase knowledge. Meanwhile, during the practice field knowledge is applied to solve problems.
There are many theories that deal directly with psychology, however the theories of structuralism
and functionalism deal with the basics of psychology. Structuralism analyzes the structure of mental
life into basic elements, while functionalism studies behavior and mental abilities that help one
adapt to the environment. The study of psychology has a major impact on society, because without
the study of psychology there would be no understanding of the human mind or behavior. This
would pose many questions as to why one may do certain things and act a certain way. Over the
years psychology has evolved. In the beginning of the study of psychology, psychology was based
on European and North American cultures. The question now posed is, are these psychological
concepts universal? Can they be

The Psychology Of Forensic Psychology
I have come to find that in essence, we are all psychologists. However, whilst many merely use their
capabilities to unveil the depth of their own experiences, I am fascinated by the way in which the
human psyche can shape individuals, societies and the social processes which we indulge in on a
daily basis.
As a child, my curiosity with psychology was founded heavily in the area of forensic psychology as
I would often sit with my mother as she watched shows including Columbo and Law and Order. As I
grew older and gained a greater understanding of what was occurring in these shows, I began to
frame my own questions including the incentives that encourage people to commit crimes – crimes
that could change the course of their own and other's lives and, the interaction between extraneous
influences such as the familial attachments and remote factors including biological predispositions.
Further to this, in recent years I had discovered that I had an additional brother who had grown up in
the care system, and with this his family dynamic, attachments and relationships had formed in a
different manner than what I was used to. And, soon after he returned to the family he began
displaying violent and aggressive episodes that were apparently insuppressible which as a result has
kept him in and out of hospital. Through being able to observe my brother over the years, I also
began to question the impact of a difference in child rearing that has made him and I more or less

The Theory Of Psychology And Psychology
Like any field in history, there has always been periods where theoretical foundations are built. The
same can be said for psychology. This field has evolved greatly to be considered a science.
Psychology has to go through similar process like hard sciences did before it. Psychology has to
become widely acceptable by the public, not that psychology hasn't earned the right to be called a
Science with a capital" S". As we advance throughout time psychology, is trying to grow into a "P"
that is inclusive to all forms and perspectives of psychology and as the people that are involved from
the psychologist, psychiatrist and the patients themselves. American Psychology went from being in
the back to becoming the forefront of the field. What must be acknowledged is the disparities
between white western psychology and people of color whether they are psychologist, researchers or
patients. The journal article Liberating History: The Context of the Challenge of Psychologists of
Color to American Psychology by Wade E. Pickren he details the fight for people of color to be
recognized in psychology as phycologist and "human" patients during the 20s–century people of
color were recognized as being savages and intellectually unfit under the framework of eugenics and
scientific racism with in western psychology.
In this journal article Pickren bring sup in the factor of identity within psychology and it being one
of the major factors that challenged western psychology in America. For so

Psychology first started in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt who founded the first laboratory which
specialized in psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Wundt used controlled
experiments to investigate the mind by using a method called introspection which examined an
individual's mental state to gain an understanding of how our mind works. This approach became
known as Structuralism, deals with the study of the conscious mind, with the idea that the conscious
mind can be broken down into basic elements that combined to form to the structure of the human
mind.
The second approach to psychology came in 1890, Functionalism.
Functionalism was influenced by Darwin 's views on natural selection and wanted to explain the
mental processes in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Freud suggested to have a healthy personality there had to be a balance between this three parts.
Freud also suggested that childhood experiences affect our behaviour as adults. He believed we go
through a series of stages called the psychosexual stages of development and if trauma or excessive
pleasure occurs it will be reflected in our personality as adults. Freud created dream analysis a form
of therapy, as he argued if a person experiences a traumatic event they can use defence mechanisms
such as repression the move the memory into the unconscious mind, which can lead to mental
illness. Dream analysis is a form of therapy that allows the unconscious mind to be accessible in
order to deal with repressed memories and explain the patient's mental illness. One strength of the
psychodynamic approach is its practical application of dream analysis. Research by Sandell has
shown that dream analysis can be successful in reducing a variety of mental illnesses. However a
weakness of the psychodynamic approach is that it is reductionist, it over–simplifies the explanation
of human behaviour and ignores other factors that may cause behaviours.
A key moment that developed after the psychodynamic approach was Behaviourism. The
behaviourist approach argue that behaviour is learned through our interactions with the environment.
Our behaviour is changed and altered by the consequences of our actions. There are two types of
conditioning that have been

Psychology : Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Psychology, And...
Approaches to psychology: There are many approaches to psychology including psychodynamic,
humanistic, social psychology, behaviouristic and cognitive. These are described below:
Psychodynamic: The psychodynamic approach has been developed from the work of Sigmund
Freud. Freud was born on the 6th May 1856 and was an Austrian neurologist. He was also the
founder of a therapy called psychoanalysis. This therapy helps people identify the causes of the
psychological problems they have. It also gives advi ce on how to overcome and solve those
problems. Freud's three levels of mind There are three levels of mind in the psychodynamic theory
which are conscious, preconscious and unconscious. These are described below: Conscious – This is
the part of the mind that is aware of itself. It means that you are aware of what you do, such as
reading this assignment, what the circumstances of what you do are and what your feelings are.
Preconscious – This is the short–term residence where memories and thoughts are held. The
memories and thoughts can contain a number of things such as, general information, ideas and
beliefs (including names, phone numbers, addresses or much more) that are not currently on your
mind and that can be easily remembered if they are needed. Unconscious – This is the most
important part of a humans mind. This is because it holds all the emotional experiences, ideas and
memories that have been bottled–up because of a person not wanting to remember those memories.

Psychology to me is meant to help people understand the complexity of other human beings. We
have established the existence of many disorders which are mainly beyond the control of people
because of chemical imbalances in the brain. Although with these reasons, we still have attached
negative and positive connotations to many disorders. We have created this concept of psychology
in order to help us try to find some sense of order in our lives. This can allow us to try rank
ourselves next to another person by seeing if we are more normal than them. However, this is my
first psychology class and I know nothing about psychology. I only thought psychology was crazy,
mental disorders until I heard you in class talking about different branches. I found that to be very
interesting, but I also believe that it takes a very unique person to study psychology and become a
psychologist. They need to be a "people–person" since it has a lot to do with one on one
interactions. On the other hand, they also need to keep at a distance because the person is their client
and not their friend. I just find it very fascinating, but I do not think that I could ever do it because I
would not be able to detach myself. I would feel the need to try to fix everything wrong in a person's
life, instead of helping them overcome it. I also don't think that a psychologist would work for me
because I am a very closed person. I would not be able to open up to a complete stranger; I hardly
open up to the

Psychology : Cognitive Psychology And Psychology
Many common functions such as thinking, problem–solving, learning, memory, language and more
come are explained by Cognitive psychology. With these necessary functions, you may wonder, just
what is cognitive Psychology? Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that covers the
mental processes of how people receive, retain and grasp information and situations. The term
"cognition" stems from the Latin word " cognoscere" or "to know". Basically, cognitive psychology
studies how people acquire and apply knowledge or information. It is closely related to cognitive
science and influenced by computer science, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, biology, physics,
and anthropology. Cognitive psychologists are interested in how people understand, diagnose, and
solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus
and response. Recently, cultural and social factors have also become apart of cognitive psychology
along with emotion and consciousness. There are many areas of cognitive psychology that I believe
strengthen our understanding of our bodies and brains. The three main approaches to cognitive
psychology include: computational cognitive psychology, neural cognitive psychology and
experimental cognitive psychology. Computational cognitive psychology develops mathematical
and computational models of human cognition based on dynamical systems and symbolic
representations. Neural cognitive psychology focuses on brain imaging such

When you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well,
some people might say they don't know or some would say it's something that has to do with the
mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term "psyche" is the study
of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are
several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt),
functionalism (James), gestalt (Wertheimer, Perls), psychoanalytic (Freud), behaviorism (Skinner),
humanistic psychology (Maslow, Rogers), cognitive (Bandura), biological (many), and eclectic
which is the combination of schools. Psychologists today apply these different schools when dealing
with their subjects, depending on the issue at hand. Psychology as a science, uses the scientific
method in conducting any research. It uses several research methods to gather information (data).
These research methods are correlational research which is subdivided into positive and negative
correlation (good for predictions), case study research which involves collecting extensive
information about one or few subjects e.g clinical settings, surveys research which involves
questionnaires and interviews, naturalistic observation–observing subjects in their natural
environment and lastly, experimental research. Experimental research is the only research method
that allows for cause/effect data collection. It involves

Social Psychology : Psychology And Behavioral Psychology
Maria Collado
Social Psychology
Professor: Dr. Monique Guiscard
Answers to Homework #1
1–Social psychology is an approach that try to explain the way that people can be influenced by
others in their "thinking, feelings, and in their behavior." This influenced can happened by real or
image presence of other people.
1A– Other major areas of study of are cognitive psychology and behavioral psychology this are the
centrals. However, psychology has connections with social neuroscience, clinical psychology,
positive psychology, health psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, and
environmental psychology.
2– I think that the focus of "Psychology of Liberation" is to help in the reorganization of this society
challenging the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maybe those kids are influence by what their parents say about colored people or by what they see
on Tv.
3– hypothesis is a testable guess of what a researcher would find out in the experiment and how
variables are connected.
3A– A hypothesis is different from a theory because a hypothesis is just a testable guess or
predictions of what the researcher would probably find during the experiment and a theory is a
tested statement that explains observations already made.
4A– An experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one variable to see the
results in other or to see if there is change between the two variables.
4B– Experiment is the only method that gives causation or that explain cause and effect. I think that
what experiments tells you about the relationship between behavior and thinking is that both are
connected. However, the connections between them doesn't mean that one thing causes the other
because sometimes there are factors that might be related to the situation.
5– The hypothesis of the Clarks experiment was that "segregation", "racism", prejudice, and
discrimination towards colored children might affect how they see themselves (their perception).
The cause and effect relationship that the Clarks were trying to explore were that the effects of
racism based on skin color might lead children to have a wrong self–image and children

The Theories Of Psychology And Psychology
Psychology is the study of the human mind, it is very complex and it is the source of all thoughts
and behaviors. Psychologists study the cognitive, emotional, and social processes by observing,
interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and their environments. They take
human behavior as data for testing their theories about how the mind works and use human behavior
as a clue to the workings of the mind. Everything a person does, think, feel and say is determined by
the functioning of the mind. There are three forces of psychology, which are behaviorism,
psychoanalysis, and humanism, and there are six schools of thoughts in psychology and each has its
unique and specific approach and represents the major theories in psychology.
Functionalism is generally thought to be the first school of thought, psychological functionalism
attempts to describe thoughts and what they do without asking how they do it. Gestalt psychology is
another school of thought in psychology that is based upon the idea that we experience things as
unified wholes. This approach to psychology was a response to the approach of structuralism.
Instead of breaking down thoughts and behavior to their smallest elements, gestalt psychologists
believed that the entire experiences must be looked into. According to the gestalt thinkers, the whole
is greater than the entirety of its parts. Behaviorism became the dominant school of though in the
1950. Prominent thinkers include John Watson and

Chapter One: Psychology Defined Psychology is an exceptionally multifaceted field of study,
regardless, it can be commonly defined as the study of mental processes and human behavior. The
goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior of others. Psychology
incorporates an extensive range of different perspectives into its general principles as well as
focuses on securing them with applied research, case studies, evaluations, etc. I first became
interested in psychology when I began to watch crime shows in Grade 8. It was tremendously
fascinating to absorb such bizarre yet factual information pertaining to criminal offenders, multiple
types of mental disorders as well as the personality traits and situations that are gateways to such
chaos.
I realized at a young age that I not only want to help and study others through my profession, I also
want to understand them in more ways than one. Delving into the world of psychology as well as
wanting to eventually pursue a higher level of education takes a certain kind of self–discipline.
Specifically, I believe that human beings are immensely complex beings and that it is important to
learn as much as possible about our behaviors and mental capabilities. My reasons for choosing
psychology as a major are most definitely in sync with its definition and goals. I am mostly very
interested in the psychological goals pertaining to the explanation and prediction of behavior.
Psychology has many disciplines,

Integration Paper What is psychology? What impact does psychology have on the world? What does
it mean to be a psychologist? These are three important questions that will be investigated
throughout this paper. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior.
Psychology influences many behaviors in the world without anyone noticing. Watson is interested in
behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react.
Through his article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it, He talked about the importance of the
development of psychology. Even though he saw this development, he believed more research
needed to be done on behavior.
So, how does psychology influence the world? Through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Watson believed that psychology is a science, but there needed to be a creation of a behavioral
science to look strictly at human behavior without all of the additional aspects that are viewed
through psychology. Another article that focused much more on the link of psychology and science
was by Rogers, Person or Science? A Philosophical Question. Rogers was a therapist and did not
focus much on research through psychology. His question increases conversation. Is psychology
about the person or about science? Rogers believed it was a combination of both. Rogers believed
that science and the experience of the person is the best way to understand them. Rogers focused a
lot on the importance of science in psychology. Roger's defined science as a body of facts, therefore,
he considered psychology a science. He stated that if psychology was not a science, we would not
have succeeded as well as a discipline and we would not be finding all of the interesting facts about
the way people think or feel. Miller, in his APA presidential address, talked about how others view
psychology and how he believes we need to teach others about the science of psychology. He
pointed out that the goal of psychology is to help others and create an understanding of humans as a
whole and individually. Through this, he believes that

In Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral,
psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own
unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes
and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my
explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects
relating to the October 2000 article in the American Psychologist., Hunger, eating, and I11 Health,
by John PJ Pinel, Sunaina Assanand and Darrin R. Lehman. The view is defined as a psychological
behavioral perspective that emphasizes the power to influence environmental behavior. Behavioral
point of view, which is often referred to as behaviorism and developed by psychologists who
disagreed with cognitive point of view. Instead of looking at mental processes, behaviorists look at
the consequences of observing people, objects and events behavior. The stimulus–response
relationship which has been developed by behaviorists, explains human behavior, noting that the
response to each stimulus. An example would be a sweet (stimulus) causing a person to eat
(response). True, behaviorists believe that thoughts, feelings, and motives do not play a role in
determining behavior. Thoughts and feelings are not the cause but the result. BF Skinner said that
the age–old mistake is the belief that what we feel, as

One of the many amazing things about psychology is that it can be used in a lot of different
situations, which makes it one of the most interesting and in depth subjects I have studied. I'm
shocked at the amount of theories and concepts there are, all about how the mind works and how it
forms them into what makes them. After reading and learning about the large amount of ideas that
have come about through psychology, is the specific reason of what has kept me curious and kept
me keen to continue studying the subject and to learn all that I can about it. Continuing to study
psychology will allow me to learn more about the many things that affect our changing attitudes
throughout life. starting with developmental psychology.
Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the
course of their life. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include
adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan. Using the multiple levels of analysis
that we've talked about in this class and the information I have learned in Developmental
Psychology , I can apply to some parts of my life while also talking about it in regards to
biologically, psychologically, and finally socially,but first I want to share the importance of
Developmental Psychology because I was too confused about it at first.
The study of changes that occur in human beings throughout their lifespan is referred to as
Developmental

Psychology And The Theory Of Psychology
Psychology in a continuously growing tree with its roots stemming from the study of reality and
knowledge known as philosophy first studied by ancient Greece (Wiley 8). It can be defined as the
study of behaviours and mental processes in which behaviours are observable activities, and mental
processes include all internal thoughts and emotions. Psychologists often have one (or more) of four
goals in mind when they conduct research: describing, explaining, predicting, or controlling (5–6).
Many great thinkers profoundly influenced psychology including Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow,
Sigmund Freud and many others (Vickers).Various people throughout history contributed to
different approaches and belief systems. A few examples of these systems are: structuralism–
focusing on mental processes, psychoanalysis–focusing on the unconscious mind, behaviourism
focusing–on the unconscious mind (Vickers). Although there are many belief systems, modern
psychologists share similar procedures and values known as the empirical method (Vickers).
Psychology is theory driven, seeks evidence, multi–leveled, and contextual, unlike philosophy
which relies heavily on unproven beliefs, psychology aims to discover scientific information.
Psychologists approach ideas using the scientific method based on Sir Francis Bacon's emphasis on
minimizing bias (Wiley 29). They create hypotheses which according to Karl Popper must establish
observations that could be refutable (30). Unfortunately,

Psychology Is Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. In order to understand psychology as it
today, we have to know something about its history. Additionally, we are going to see that the field
of psychology is conceivable to adopt several different approaches, including the biological,
behaviorist, cognitive, psychodynamic, and humanistic perspectives.
What psychology is?
The term psychology derives from the Greek word ''psyche'' that it means ''soul'' or ''mind'' and
''logos'' which it means ''word''. Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Most
psychologists would not aknowledge ''the study of the mind'' an issue of psychology today (Meg
Barker, 2003). They accept the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At about the same time, William James was setting up his laboratory in Cambridge, Massachusets.
The aim, when Wundt set up his laboratory in 1879, was to study the building blocks of the mind.
He considered psychology to be the study of conscious experience. His view point, which came to
be known as structuralism, concentrated on uncovering the fundamental mental parts of perception,
consciousness, thinking, emotions and other kinds of mental states and activities. Wundt and other
structuralists used a procedure called introspection, in which they presented people with a stimulus
and asked them to describe, in their own words and in as much detail as they could, what they were
experiencing, to decide how the basic sensory processes shape our understanding of the world.
Wundt argued that by analyzing their answers, psychologists could come to a better understanding
of the structure of the mind. Over time, Wundt's approach was challenged by psychologists. They
became increasingly dissatisfied with the assumption that introspection could reveal the structure of
the mind. They argued, because there were few ways an outside observer could confirm the
accuracy of others' introspections, introspection was not a truly scientific technique. Moreover,
people had difficulty describing some kinds of inner experiences, such as emotional responses.
Those drawbacks led to the development of new methodologies that largely replaced

Introduction
When we talk about the history of psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as
these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused
psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was
first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that 's when the real debate over
how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological
schools represent the major theories of psychology.
The first stream of well–founded thought this was structuralism was defended by Wilhelm Wundt.
Immediately other theories began to emerge and compete for dominance in psychology. In the past,
psychologists often identified exclusively with one school of thought, through time this has
changed. Today, most psychologists have an eclectic vision of psychology. Often they based only on
ideas and theories from different schools rather than search different perspective or angle.
The following are some of the currents of thought that have influenced our knowledge and
understanding of psychology:
Psychoanalysis
Freud was the founder of the theory of psychoanalysis, was a specialist in treating medical problems
of the nervous system. He realized that conventional medical practice was not enough to deal with
these problems, then this led him to use other methods. He started with hypnosis, then replaced it
with a new process, free association, this is to

Developmental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
Three of the fields of psychology that have influenced me and my current major in biology are
Developmental Psychology, Neurological Psychology, and Clinical Psychology; they have
influenced me by Developmental Psychology relating to my future goal to work with pediatrics,
Neurological Psychology relating to both biology in a general sense and also my potential interests
in the neurology field, and Clinical Psychology relating to being a doctor in general. One of the
fields of Psychology that has influenced me and my current major of biology is developmental
psychology. As a hopeful, future–pediatrician, it only makes sense for me to understand both a
child's developing body and mind. Regarding developmental psychology, a push for children to be
studied felt its origins in "concern over infant mortality, child labor, and the education of children"
(Hilgard, 568). Erik Erikson would eventually pull from Freud's idea of various stages in
development; however, as opposed to focusing on sexual based stages, Erikson would focus on
relationship and social based stages. Erikson's views are more in tune with our modern ideas of
childhood development stages. Such stages are important in pediatrics. They are usually
accompanied by important milestones that give clues to how well a young child is developing. Also,
if certain stages are not met socially, it potentially implies some issue. Developmental Psychology
also relates back to genetics, which is extremely important in Biology

Psychology Reflection In Psychology
As American computer scientist, Emerson Pugh, once said, "If the human brain were so simple that
we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn't". Over the course of sixteen weeks
we, the fall of 2017–2018 Psychology 101 class, were able to look in depth into some topics, and
only begin to skim the surface on others. Although I may have reached the end of the semester
college course, I have not reached the end in wanting to learn more about the topics we were able to
explore during this short time. From the phases of classical conditioning, to the hundreds of types of
therapies used to treat psychological disorders, the amount of beneficial information you can learn
about humans is limitless. In my case, I found the material on Piaget's Stages of Cognitive
Development, the parts of the brain, and the personality tests the most intriguing and the most
advantageous in helping me as I progress through life. To completely understand the brain is simply
phenomenal, and a feat that no one has truly accomplished, but to be aware of some of the reasoning
for why our brains react the way they do can be just as useful. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive
Development gives a look into what is going on in the minds of our youth. As someone who wants
to have children, I found the information over Piaget to be the most helpful out of everything we
learned during the course of the fall semester. On average, parents spend roughly 2.07 hours a day
caring for children under six

Before psychology consolidated it self as the school of thought we have come to know today, it went
through a number of theoretical adjustments. Freud and Watson became pioneers of two different
approaches. Psychodynamics and Behaviorism could be argued to be two of the most pivotal
influences on psychology. To really grasp their value we have to understand their individual
philosophical influences, founders and their theories. Both have expanded the growth of psychology
as a science, but with comparable views of what that science should represent. The birth of
Psychodynamic and Behavioral theory came from two men with totally different historical
influences. In order to properly dissect the psychodynamic theory we have to being with Platonic
Philosophy. Freud's ideas were first brought to light by Plato, in which unconscious behavior is first
identified as desires of the moment. Plato also defined three aspects of the psyche: reason, feeling,
and appetite, which Freud cultivated with sexual interpretations as Id, Ego, and Superego (Boyle,
2006). In contrast, the Behavioral influences derived from Mental Philosophy and British
Empiricism. Watson's ideas began in the writings of British philosopher John Locke, where he
denied the existence of innate ideas. Locke believed that all knowledge came from direct
experience, thus it must be learned through two sources: sensation and reflection (Benjamin, 2014).
Such notions would evolve through beliefs of Darwin and Galton,

Psychology has a lot of jobs to choose from.Any job in psychology is going to be involved helping
people. Trying to find out why people do the things they do and trying to predict the behavior of
people, their emotions, and mental processes. Making sure your child or any person you care about
is okay mentally, is important and is the job of people who work in a major in psychology. For this
paper, the roles of a psychiatrist, a counselor, and a psychologist will be discussed. The audience
will learn why each one is super important. The audience will also learn what each one of those
professions daily jobs/tasks is so any confusion will be cleared up by the end of this paper. There are
a lot of pros and cons to working in the psychology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Salary of a Psychologist The average salary for a psychologist that works at a school is $63,202
(Nemko , Brandon, 2007). The average salary for all psychologists is $72,580. Being a Psychologist
sounds good with the average salary being that high. Like any other job that pays a lot, it takes years
and years of school to become a psychologist. "psychologist's salary can range from $65, 377 to
$121,136" (Nemko, Brandon, 2014).
Table 1
Note. The data on the average annual salary for Psychologists was obtained by Child Psychology
[Digital image]. (2016, June 9). Retrieved April 14, 2017, from
http://cephalicvein.com/2016/06/child–psychologist–salary/
This is the preferred requirements for a job opening as a psychologist. "Advanced Training and/ or
experience in Post Traumatic stress Disorder and/ or equivalent work experience" (Where do you
belong, 2014). This job application requires that the person applying for the job has at least five or it
can be more years of postdoctoral training and experience on the job in some kind of health care
setting. Of course, a requirement for this job is to be able to provide advice and deliver information
in areas related to the profession of psychology and health behavior. .
Key points to the amount of increasing psychologists:
The amount of psychology doctorates awarded in the United States grew from 4,933 in 2004 to
6,496 in 2013, which is a 32 percent increase.
The amount of psychology master 's degrees awarded

In the future, I ultimately intend to be a psychologist. With being a psychologist, I am taking on the
responsibility on how to lead people into having an overall better life and promote positive change
for them. Psychologists often specialize in studying and examining the brain and human behavior.
That being said, psychology is a very important branch of science that attempts to help us stay sane!
Already getting started next year, I enrolled into a psychology class to get a jumpstart for when I go
into college. I chose to enroll into the psychology class because the human mind is something that is
very complex and diverse. By me taking this class, I am partially more ahead and more taught than
that of a student who doesn't take the class. And that way, when I get into the psychology major, I
have a small intake of what it is all about.
Once I'm done with taking the high school courses of psychology, I plan on going to the University
of California, Los Angeles to further continue my soon–to–be career. Researching the top ranked
colleges of the psychology major, UCLA is ranked number 2! Me being in the psychology classes
might possibly give me a better look into wanting to study at the number 2 ranked college for
psychology, so it should be a win–win situation.
In order to become a psychologist, there are certain classes that you have to enroll in. The required
classes that you have to take into having the psychology major are statistics, experimental
methods/research

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