It is possible to consider that adsorption systems can be alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions and electricity demand when they driven by waste heat or solar energy. Although, for a broader utilization the researches should continue aiming for improvements in heat transfer,reductions of new adsorbent compounds with enhanced adsorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer properties.

1. Gujarat Technological University
( GTU)
SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research
A Report on
SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING – 2
B.E 3, Semester - 5
Submitted by
Sr Name of student Enrollment no.
1. Yashwin patel 130670119583
2. Shah shaimin 130670119598
3. Shah kushal 130670119596
Asst. pro. Akul patel
(Faculty guide )
Pro.S.M.Bhatt
(Head of the department)
Academic year
( 2015 -16 )

2. Introduction:
The solar refrigerator is the refrigeration system that runs on the solar energy.
They don'tuse domestic power supply, rather use power produced bythe solar
panels.
The solar refrigerator is the refrigeration system that runs on the solar energy. The solar
refrigerator comprises of all the traditional components like the compressor,
condenser, expansion valve and the evaporator or the freezer. The power is supplied
not by the domestic electrical supply system, but from the solar panel.
The solar system of the solar refrigerator comprises of the solar panel that collects the
solar energy. The solar panels are fitted with photovoltaic cells that convert the
solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the battery. During the normal
running of the solar refrigerator the power is supplied directly by the solar panel,
but when the output power of solar panels is less, the additional power is supplied
by the battery. The battery is recharged when excess amount of power is produced
by the solar panels.
The output supply of the batteries and the solar panel is DC with voltage of about 12. A
typical solar system produces 300W or 600W of power depending upon the size of the
desired refrigerator. The voltage regulator is connected to the battery to convert the low
voltage DC supply to high voltage AC supply to run the compressor. It is advantageous
to use the AC supply compressor since it can run on domestic electrical supply also.
Some of the solar refrigerators use compressors that can run directly on DC supply.
Another application where the solar energy can be very useful is the vapor absorption
refrigeration system. In these systems heat from the steam is used to heat water mixed
with lithium bromide or ammonia that act as the refrigerant. In these machines, the heat
produced by the steam can be replaced by the heat produced by solar energy.
AEIOU FRAMEWORK
 AIEOU is an investigative tool to help interpret observation
gather by ethnographic practices in the filed.
 It is an observation tool.
 Its two primary function are to codedata, and to develop building blocks of
models that will ultimately adders the
objectives and issues of client.
AEIOU stands for 5 elements to be coded: Activity, Environment, Interaction, objects
and users.

3. ACTIVITIES
There are some activities indicated below:
1.it is used in cold storage capacity based on the weight of producethat can be stored will
depend on the storage density.
2. it can be controlthe humidity.
3. it always handle with care.
4. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric
voltage and vice versa.

5. ENVIRONMENT
There is environmental concern regarding conventional refrigeration technologies
including contribution to Ozone layer depletion and global warming. Refrigeration which
contain ozone depleting and global warming substances such as chlorofluricarbons
(CFCs), in their insulation foam or their refrigerant cycle ,are the most harmful. After
CFCs were banned in the 1980s, they were replaced with substances suchas
hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs), which are ozone –depleting substances and
hydroflurocarbons. Both are environmentally destructive as potential global warming
chemicals.If a conventional destructive as potential global warming chemicals. If a
conventional refrigerator is inefficient or used inefficiently it will also contribute more to
global warming than a highly efficient refrigerator.The use of solar energy to power
refrigeration strives to minimize the negative refrigerators have on the environment.

7. INTERACTION
Condensor :
Application areas include air conditioning,industrial chemical processes suchas
distillation,steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems.A device or unit used to
condensea substancefrom its gaseous to its liquid state.
Compressor:
Solar compressor offers numerous functions for manufacturers within the rapidly
growing area of mobile and stationary refrigeration. For example storage and
transportation of drugs, storage of food under difficult conditions without power supply,
ice cream stands in holiday resorts, remote bottle coolers, refrigerators in boats, just to
name a few.
Solarpanel:
Usually made up of p-n silicon semiconductors, aluminum or fiber glass. Fiber glass is
widely used. The solar panel used in the project is of 60W and 4A.The electricity for
heating coil is obtained from the solar panel.

8. Object:
In this solar refrigerator we use 1.compressor2.generator 3.absorber4.solar panel
5.coppercoil
1.compressor:
Solar compressoroffers numerous functions for manufacturers within the rapidly
growing area of mobile and stationary refrigeration.
2.generator:
Separate the dissolved ammonia from the water ammonia solutions.here solar panel is
used for the heating purpose.
3.absorber:

9. Used to store the mixture of water and ammonia in particular proportion.
4.solarpanel:
The solar panel used in the project is 60w and 4A.the electricity for heating coil is
obtained from the solar panel.
5.coppercoil:
We offer quality coppertubbing coil for refrigeration & air conditioning that are
available in a variety of tempers to suit the intented applications.

10. User
Domestic purpose : The solar refrigerator is the refrigeration system that runs on the
solar energy. The solar refrigerator comprise of all the traditional components like the
compressor,condenser,expansion valve and the evaporator or the frezzer.the power is
supplied not by the domestic electrical supply system,but from the solar panel.
The solar system of the solar refrigerator comprises of the panel that collects the solar
energy.the solar panels are fitted with photovoltaic cells that converts the solar energy
into electrical energy and store it in the battery.during the normal running of the solar
refrigerator the power is supplied directly by the solar panel.
Commercial purpose.
Jute industries
Food processing industries
Air conditioning machines.
Very efficient for higher load conditions.
Can work on lower evaporator pressures,without affecting the cop.
Smooth operation.
Less moving parts.
Uses low grade energy like heat Ex-exhaust from i.c. engine

11. LNM FRAMEWORK
LNM means learning needs matrix
It helps to identify the learning requirement at an early stage along with prioritization of
specific learning along with defined time duration for each learning priority.
 LNM have four sections
1. Theories/Mathematical requirement
2. Software/tools
3. Principle and experiment
4. Materials

12. 4

13. z
.
Chapter 2 :
Literatur survey
2.1.1. Summary
Over the last decade, some extremely "green" individuals have started
giving up arartificial refrigeration to save the Earth. Or at least to save a few
hundred kilowwatt-hours a year.
Most people think such a backward step in the evolution of modern
civilizreation is a bit uncalled for, but it does draw attention to the
drawbacks of modemodern refrigeration techniques. But there are other
options besides resigning yoursit self to warm beer. Solar-powered
refrigerators are pretty easy to come by these days, and they get around the
energy-consumption issues associated with traditi fridges. They also get
around the fact that 2 billion people around the globe have l has no access to
electricity in the first place .
Solar energy, often known as photovoltaics, is ubiquitous these days. Some
of us use it to power our homes; others buy carbon offsets that put money
into solar and wind power to offset traditional energy use (see How Carbon
Offsets Work). Solar panels sit atop buildings, homes and tents and power
cell-phone charg, radios and the International Space Station (ISS). These
technologies use photphotovoltaic (PV) cells to convert sunlight into
electricity. When sunlight strikes a PV cell, it heats the cell up. Heating the
cell causes electrons to knock loose, and these electrons are converted into a
stream of electricity, or current .
One of the most common solar-powered refrigerators on the market, the
NASA-licensed SunDanzer, uses this PV technology to power an otherwise
mmostly traditional refrigeration setup. But one of the most recent
ddevelopments uses "solar power" in a much more basic way. Conclusion
It is posset demand when idle to consider that absorption system can be
alternative to reduce the co2 emission and electricity demand when they
driven by ease heat or solar energy. Although, for a border utilization the
research should continue aiming for improvements in heat transfer reduction
of manufacturing costs and for the formulation of new absorbent compounds

14. with enhanced absorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer
properties.
The condenser and evaporator must necessarily be cost of the system is
reduced. the collector since the system operates at low pressure, thus they
are located directly under the collector such that the refrigerator flow into
them by gravit, the absorption bed is the heart of the system and it has the
greatest effect on the performance of the system .a good design of the
generator leads to smooth operation of the system.a good design of the
generator leads to smooth operations and better results, so more attention
must be go to the design influences on the performances of the system.t he
absence of noisy components is also very important features that make this
type of system suitable for numerous applictions. johnson Space Center's
solar-powered refrigeration systememploys a PV panel, vapor compressor,
thermal storage and reservoir, and electronic controls. The process that
makes the refrigeration possible is the conversion of sunlight into DC
electrical power, achieved by the PV panel. The DC electrical power drives
the compressor to circulate refrigerant through a vapor compression
refrigeration loop that extracts heat from an insulated enclosure. This
enclosure includes the thermal reservoir and a phase change material. This
material freezes as heat is extracted from the enclosure. This process
effectively creates an "ice pack," enabling temperature maintenance inside
the enclosure in the absence of sunlight.
2.1.2 Advantages
The advantages of the solar refrigerator are similar to the ones offered by the
other solar energy devices. Since the solar refrigerator runs on solar energy
there is lots of saving of electrical power that would have been produced by
the conventional power plants causing lots of pollution. The solar energy is
available freely, abundantly and is a clean source of energy. One of
additional advantage is that the excess power produced by the solar

15. refrigerator can be used for the other domestic purposes.
The solar refrigerators can be very useful in far off remote places where there
is no continuous supply of electricity. In Maruata village, located on Mexican
Pacific Coast, the fishermen use solar refrigerator for keeping the fishs fresh

16. Chapter 3:
3.1.1 SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
The performance of solar refrigerators is sufficient for vaccine storage even in a very hot
climate, given appropriate equipment selection and proper installation.
Coefficientof Performance (COP):To know the performance there is determined an
equation
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
Useful cooling energy−
Net energy supplied by external sources
3.1.2 ERGONOMICS AND AESTHETIC
Ergonomics means man and machine intersection. In this machine there is very low
human effort in this machine because this machine all work is done by itself .human or
worker work is only inspect and on off machine and its worker.
Aesthetic is consider outer look of a machine this machine frame is black in color but all
other parts is not colored.
3.1.3 EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
This machine don’tuse any type of fuel or oil so there is not any pollution done by
this machine and also in this machine we use atmosphere air so there is not any effect
on environment.
It is also echo friendly.

17. There is environmental concern regarding conventional refrigeration technologies
including contribution to Ozone layer depletion and global warming. Refrigeration
which contain ozone depleting and global warming substances such as
chlorofluricarbons (CFCs), in their insulation foam or their refrigerant cycle ,are the
most harmful. After CFCs were banned in the 1980s, they were replaced with
substances suchas hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs), which are ozone –depleting
substances and hydroflurocarbons. Both are environmentally destructive as potential
global warming chemicals.If a conventional destructive as potential global warming
chemicals. If a conventional refrigerator is inefficient or used inefficiently it will also
contribute more to global warming than a highly efficient refrigerator.The use of solar
energy to power refrigeration strives to minimize the negative refrigerators have on the
environment. There is environmental concernregarding conventional refrigeration
technologies including contribution to Ozone layer depletion and global warming.
Refrigeration which contain ozone depleting and global warming substances suchas
chlorofluricarbons (CFCs), in their insulation foam or their refrigerant cycle ,are the
most harmful. After CFCs were banned in the 1980s, they were replaced with
substances suchas hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs), which are ozone –depleting
substances and hydroflurocarbons. Both are environmentally destructive as potential
global warming chemicals.If a conventional destructive as potential global warming
chemicals. If a conventional refrigerator is inefficient or used inefficiently it will also
contribute more to global warming than a highly efficient refrigerator.The use of solar
energy to power refrigeration strives to minimize the negative refrigerators have on the
environment.
Cost:
Costof the solar refrigeration is higher..it is about 1400to 1500 dollars.
Due to the costit is mostly not used by the people.
But it is echonomial to environment so it must be used.
Assembly:

19. Chapter 4:
DesignCalculation
Designof solarpoweredsolid adsorption system
Designof Adsorbent bed
Adsorbentbed is the most important part of the solar refrigerator and hence the
performance of the solar refrigerator depends highly on the characteristics of the
adsorbentbed. Generally speaking a good adsorbentbed must have good heat and mass
transfer. Recent research showed that the aluminum alloy have a stronger catalytic effect
on the decompositionreaction under the solar adsorptionrefrigeration ,therefore stainless
steel is used as adsorbentheat transfer metal instead of aluminum alloy although stainless
steel has poorheat transfer ability than that of aluminum alloy. The adsorbentbed is
made of flat plate stainless steel box, having surface area 1 𝑚2
, also 19kg adsorbent is
charged and sealed inside the steel plate box, then selective coating is covered on top
surface of the steel platebox.The permeability of the fiber plastic plate for solar radiation
is about .92, which is higher than that of glass. For better heat transfer many fins are
placed inside the adsorbentbed box in contact with the front side and the activated
carbon. The distance is .15 and thickness of adsorbentlayer is .04m.
Designof condenser:
Condenser we have used is readymade condenserand specifications of the same area as
below:
Manufacturer: Galaxy Enterprises
Dimensions of condenser: 355.6mm*368.3*129mm
Tube material : coppermaterial
Tube diameter (inlet/outlet) : 15.87mm
Tube diameter (condenser) : 9.525mm

20. Total length of one tube : 5337.048mm
Number of tubes used : 4
Fin material : Aluminum
Total number of fins : 165
Designof Evaporator:
The evaporator must have sufficient volume to collect the entire condensed methanol. In
order to enhance the heat transfer effect the heat exchange surface is designed as a series
of four trapezoidal cells. The dimension of the evaporator is 300mm*300mm*100mm.

21. Chapter : 5
Conclusion & Future scope
It is possible to consider that adsorptionsystems can be alternative to reduce the CO2
emissions and electricity demand when they driven by waste heat or solar energy.
Although, for a broader utilization the researches should continue aiming for
improvements in heat transfer,reductions of new adsorbentcompounds with enhanced
adsorption capacity and improved heat and mass transfer properties.
There are no valves used in this system thus the costof the syste is reduced.The
condenserand evaporator must necessarily be close to each other and to the collector
since the system operates at low pressure ,thus they are located directly under the
collector such that the refrigerant flows into them by gravity. The adsorption bed is the
heart of the system. A good design of the generator leads to smoothoperation and better
results ,so more attention must be go to the design influence on the performance of the
system. The absence of noisy components is also very important features that make this
type of system suitable for numerious applications.
120
The units of energy production can be developed in the various regions by using
thermoelectric modules. In these days the society face the energy crisis but also the
harmful effects of pollution. The thermoelectricity is a “Green Technology” to generate
electricity without any harmful effect. The educational institutions, furnace regions,
metro cities, industrial areas, universities and other locations can be selected for the
establishment of suchenergy centers where the waste heat can be easily available and can
be recycled after conversion to the same system.
The present research work is oriented for the generation of thermo emf by utilizing the
waste heat contents. This work also implies for the utilization of electric field, magnetic
field and stress which can exist already in the operating conditions or can be applied
externally for better results. The orientation of the thermoelectric modules (parallel or
perpendicular) can also be considered related to the strength of external parameters. In
this work not only the classical thermoelectric materials are considered as the thermo
generation elements but the well known Resistive Temperature Detective (RTD) and
advanced semiconducting materials (Bi, Pb, Te) are also considered as thermo generator
elements. So there is a wide range of energy generation characteristics. In the classical
thermocouples the Fe-Constantan, among the RTD materials the type E thermocouples
and in the pallets the Pb3Te3 is a good energy converter. Thermo emf generation for each
of the pallet in the magnetic field is slightly enhanced than that of their normal mode

22. performance. First rank can be assigned to the pallet Pb3Te3 in which the output thermo
power is improved by several orders. Its
121
conversion efficiency also increases with increase in the strength of the applied electric
field strength. Hence the research work provides the way to overcome the energy crisis
in future without any special production of heat but only by the utilization of the
available waste heat by the properselection of materials and operating parameters;
which is free from any type of the pollution or complexities. The reliable thermoelectric
equipments/modules can be framed of these materials in the selective orientations of
electric or magnetic fields.
There is a variety of temperature sensing systems in each of the engineering and
industrial areas which can be categorized according to the requirements and the range
of temperatures to be measured. In high temperature situations (molten state of
materials, separation of ores etc.) the Resistive Temperature Detective (RTD) materials
are generally used which are basically thermocouples, works on Seebeck Effect. This
research work puts a protestfor the alteration of these temperature accuracies due to the
effect of electric and magnetic fields, which are generally present in such operating
conditions and affect the thermoelectric properties. Hence, this research work inspires
for the consideration of effect of such external parameters for the precise
measurements; to seek the reliability of a system.
Thermoelectric devices achieved an importance in recent years as viable solutions
for applications such as spotcooling of electronic components, remote power
generation in spacestations and satellites etc. These solid state thermoelectric devices
are free from moving parts, having good reliability however their efficiency depends on
the selection of materials. Such devices with higher efficiency can be implemented for
refrigeration also. Actually the combination of Seebeck Effect and Peltier Effect is the
122
absolute advent for such refrigeration. If heat from solar energy is provide as the input to
this implementation the cooling will be the output. Surely this research work will be an
idea for better refrigeration and becomes an effort to overcome the energy crisis by the
means of refrigeration from waste heat. In the instruments like computers, laptops,
dynamos and vehicles the low grade waste heat can be utilized for cooling and can also
be recycled to improve their performances. To reduce the thermal conductivity the heat
resistant membranes can also be used. In a large number of devices metallic blocks are
used, which causes eddy currents due to non uniform magnetic fields. If these magnetic
fields are synchronized to the thermo coupled devices then it is observed that the thermo
emf will enhanced. This results to more cooling without any extra input. Such
thermoelectric cooling devices can be applied to industries, buildings of hot regions and
to the houses in summer. However, they require some modifications related to their size

23. and the selection of materials but their cheapness, eco friendly nature, no cause to global
warming are enough inputs to motivate the engineers for their implementations in almost
all the suitable applications of daily life in near future.