Crime Rate Factors And Solutions

Crime Rate And Crime Rates
Complying with the order to release 9,600 inmates by year's end will increase the crime rate. Since
the release of one prisoner is associated with an increase of 14.86 crimes per year (Levitt 1996),
compliance is projected to increase crimes by 142,656 per year. It is possible to minimize the social
costs of crime despite this increase in crime rate, though. If inmates convicted of property crimes are
the release's focus, the subsequent social cost will be comparatively less than if it was otherwise
implemented. Sentence enhancements have been shown to reduce certain types of crime (Kessler
and Levitt 1999), but such measures are typically focused on "the most frequent and dangerous
offenders" (Kessler and Levitt 1999, p. 359), and those who commit property crime are unlikely to
be classified as such. So sentence reductions may increase violent crime rates, but the effect on
property crime rates is unknown. The best way to comply with the order, then, is to release inmates
convicted of property crimes and to not implement sentence reduction.
How to structure the release
Property crimes (burglary, larceny, and auto theft) are the most likely to increase following a release
of prisoners, but also the least costly. They make up 84.12% of the projected increase in crime, but
only 15.96% of the projected social cost (Levitt 1996). Despite the greater increase in crime it would
cause, targeting property crime offenders for release is still an attractive option because of the
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Causes Of Crime Rate
As of recently in the criminal justice system, crime rates have seemingly begun to exponentially
increase as the years pass by. Recently, a report compiled by the Congressional Research Service
shows that the federal prison population has jumped from 25,000 to 219,000 inmates since the
1980's (Biron, n.d.). Because of the many reasons behind this exponential increase in crime, many
correctional facilities across the country are experiencing overcrowding. Since prisons and jails are
unable to handle this rise in crime, many communities are having to resort to other means of
punishing those who choose to defy the law.
Over the years, researchers have found that there are five main factors that have caused the crime
rate to rise dramatically over the past thirty years. The first factor behind the dramatic increase in
crime is the increased use of mandatory sentencing. Mandatory sentencing has increased
incarceration rates by having people serve a minimum sentence for certain felony crimes such as
domestic violence, burglary and some drug possession charges ("Theories of Punishment and
Mandatory Minimum", n.d.). Because of mandatory sentencing, the thought of having the offender
behind bars pretty much becomes inevitable in sentencing as these polices have eliminated the
ability of judges to tailor judicial responses to each circumstance (Biron, n.d.). The second reason
behind the rising crime rate is the use of three strikes rulings. In California, offenders who receive a
third

What Causes The High Crime Rates?
Crime, no one like this words. Crime happened means that innocent people are being hurt. People
would like to live in a safe area. According to the crime data analysis, the crime rate in Cincinnati
was much higher than the U.S. average from 2000 to 2012 (http://www.city–data.com/crime/). With
such higher crime rates, it not only causes bad impacts on local residents' lives, but also reduces the
population of Cincinnati–people are tending to move out of Cincinnati. To know why and what
causes the high crime rate in Cincinnati, I chose four factors–the location of police stations ,
unemployment, median household income and population density–as my variable elements which
may have a great impact on the crime rate. This research will use GIS to transfer the data to visual
maps and some GIS tools to combine and compare the data between the crime and the other four
elements.
Background/Literature Review
Based on my planning background, if I know what causes the high crime rate, it could be reduced by
using appropriate urban planning tools. With some relevant studies:
common theory that higher unemployment causes higher rates (Melick, 2003);
Evidence has been found that tends to confirm earlier conclusions reached by Small and Lewis for
New Zealand. Results indicate that the total rate of crime remains significantly affected by the
unemployment rate, once complicating factors are controlled for. In particular, unemployment was
found to have a significant relationship to the

Juvenile Violent Crime And Juvenile Crime Rates
According to (Walton, 2014), as far back as the late 1800's, children have been sentenced to the
same punishments as adults, depending on the crime they committed. Punishments even included
death if the juvenile was deemed to be past the point of help. Later on courts were geared more
towards rehabilitation than punishment. Reform movements came along and parents could send
their children off to reformatories to live and work as part of their rehabilitation. Due to poor living
and working conditions many of these places were closed down.
Soon after the Progressive Era, the first juvenile court system was opened in Illinois. The main focus
of these courts was rehabilitation for the juveniles (Fiorillo, 2013). Juvenile violent crime rates had
increased so much that law makers knew they had to do something to combat all of the violence.
Juveniles were committing murder, assault, rape and other serious crimes which sent the public into
a fear overload. These increases in juvenile violent crimes lead to some of our early "get tough" on
juvenile laws. Policy makers were inclined to push for harsher laws for juveniles who committed
violent crimes.
The increase in juvenile crimes led lawmakers away from implementing laws the focused on
rehabilitation and back to laws that focused on punishment. States began to develop statutes allowed
juveniles to be tried in the same court system and receive the same sentences as adults. These
statutes brought important reforms to the juvenile

Crime And The Crime Rates
Many say that a person is a product of their environment and studies show that it is true. When
living in poverty, one steals to have what they physically want. Many factors contribute to those
living in poverty, such as unemployment, low or no education, race, and age median. Poverty and
crime are most related to those who reside in the slums, ghettos and hoods. Various crimes
committed in poverty areas may be organized crimes. The main focus of these organized crimes is
drugs and drug trafficking. A lot of areas remain in poverty because businesses do not want to build
in the area because of the crime rates. Children who are raised around violence and crime tend to
commit more crimes than those who do not see it growing up. Race is an issue when it comes to the
punishment and sentencing of the crime(s). When working in corporate, one embezzles and steals to
get the money that they want, but yet you do not hear too much about the white collar crimes.
Another crime that is also committed, but is rarely talked about is corporate crimes committed on us.
The media plays a big part in what we hear about because the human is fascinated by murder and
crime so that is what is shown.
Literature Review
Many authors show that there are many similar factors that constitute to the high crime rates.
Multiple articles demonstrate how living in poverty mixed with low or no education, and being
unemployed, but fails to mention the greed and those factors in the white collar and corporate

Crime Rate Chapter Summary
In Chapter 4, Dubner and Levitt talked about how crime rate decreased rapidly in the early 1990s.
The top 8 mentioned explanations given on why exactly crime rates decreased by a large amount
were; Innovative policing strategies, increased reliance on prisons, changes in crack and other drug
markets, age of the population, tougher gun control laws, strong economy, increased number of
police, and all other explanations. He starts off by explaining whether or not a strong economy was
the cause of a drop in crime rate. He ridicules the explanation that a stronger economy means lower
crime rates by explaining that a stronger economy only affects crimes with a direct financial
motivation as opposed to violent crimes. The second explanation that ... Show more content on
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He then groups innovative policing strategies and increased number of police together but has
differing views on them. He agrees that increased number of police accounted for 10% of the crime
drop, but he thinks that innovative policing strategies, most commonly cited crime–drop
explanation, was in fact not a cause. His next set of groups were a tougher gun laws and changes in
crack and other drug markets. Tougher gun laws was actually in fact not a cause of the crime drop
and he supports this by providing an example of Switzerland, whom have the more firearms per
capita, yet is one of the safest places in the world. On the other hand, changes in crack and other
drug markets have in fact caused a decrease in crime rate due to the price drop in crack which
caused teens and dealers to consider selling crack as not worth. The last group he introduces in
demographic change. Demographic change was the largest cause in the crime drop rate. Many
assume that a larger age population would be the cause, but he explains that it was in fact the
legalization of abortion that was the main

Study Of The High Crime Rate
The study of the high crime rate in the city will include a range of research methods. I would
indicate that there is no standard threshold for what constitutes a hot spot as well no clarity about
what may be the best method to identify the area. In research of areas that may appear to be the hot
spots in the city can vary depending on the area was researched. The variance in the research would
fall into the unit of analysis, scale of the map, and the amount of data mapped. Having said that,
moving forward I'll explain the four methods that I will attempt to identify, describe, providing an
example, indicate the relationship among them and lastly indicate which one would be best for
identifying the highest crime. Each research method will be introduced to the same question in this
process of (1) descriptive, (2) exploratory, (3) explanatory, and (4) quantitative research. These
research methods will provide an interactively to provide an understanding of the question presented
for the investigation ("Criminology and criminal justice research: methods," 2016). When we apply
the question, which area of the city has the most crime to the descriptive research? In the research
process, the first method should always be descriptive. The results of this research attempt to define
as well describe the social fact, occurrence, or circumstance observed of each area. This type of
research data will include both quantitative and qualitative data which illustrate the population being

The Crime Rate in Canada
Background Crime in Canada
The Canadian Constitution gives the power to establish, investigate, and adjudicate crimes with the
federal government. The individual provinces are responsible for law enforcement, although in
many cases this is contracted to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which is a federal agency. The
power to prosecute crimes belongs to the federal government, but responsibility for these
prosecutions is delegated to the provinces for most types of crime. However, to make the issue more
streamlined, laws and sentencing guidelines are fairly uniform throughout the country, but there are
varying levels of enforcement based on individual provinces (Boyd, 2011). The crime rate in Canada
has been in a general decline since 1991 and recent statistics show that of those crimes reported,
48% were property related and 12.6% were violent crime. Ironically, the three most northern
territories with the least population have higher per capita crime rates that any province. Statistics
from the Canadian Centre of Justice, crime was, in fact, the lowest since 1972. This general trend is
positive, but there remains an increase in certain crimes since 2010 including homicide (7%
increase), criminal harassment (1% increase), sexual crimes against children (3% increase), child
pornography (40% increase), and impaired driving (2% increase) (Canada's Crime Rate, 2012).
Experts in the government believe that the overall "tough on crime" measures are working noting
that if

Crime Rate In Houston Essay
Houston to National Offenses Compared
Houston, Texas population continues to grow and so does its crime rate. Houston is now labeled as
one of three cities driving up the national crime rate. As of matter of fact, Houston is on track to
have a murder rate increase of 13.5% from 2015 and an overall 50% increase from 2011
(Eisenbaum, 2016, p. 1). As population level increases and people living closer per square miles the
opportunities for murder and aggravated assault increase. This can be said for any city that has dense
populations. Based on data most murders and aggravated assaults occur with gang violence and
domestic violence.
Murder is the taking by another person's life. There are several degrees and circumstances that
define the level of murder. For the purposes of these statistics murder the rate is based on criminal
homicide. Negligent homicide is not referred to the rate and comparison between National figures
and Houston, Texas figures. Aggravated assault ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2016, 17, 250 (4.5%) murders in the US compared to Houston's 302 (12.9%) with a difference of
8.4% difference ("FBI Federal Crime Data," 2013–2016, p. 1). For the most part, three major cities
pushing the national murder rate up higher than any other portion of the country is Baltimore (133 in
2015), Chicago (67 in 2015) and Houston (61 in 2015) ("US murder rate," 2016, p. 1). In
comparison, these three cities are also at the top for aggravated assaults. The murder and aggravated
assault rates are primarily gang and domestic issue related with gangs taking the front on the murder
rate with gun violence. Guns are used more than 60% of the time used in the commission of these
crimes. Women suffer the largest numbers in the domestic violence and young ethnic males suffer
the largest loss in gang gun violence ("Crime by Weapon ," 2016, p.

High Prevalence Rates Of Crime
There has been a sharp rise in the cases of juvenile delinquency. This reality has prompted
authorities to adopt measures that are aimed at correcting young offenders. Encouraging gains have
been made but there remains an uphill task of ensuring that the offenders do not relapse (Hess,
2009). This task is not limited to criminal behavior as many communities grapple with the challenge
of drug addiction. After recovery, a significant number of young individuals begin abusing drugs
again. These matters are the subject of this essay. Introduction
The youth form the major segment of the population of many nations. Many of these nations have
been unable to tap into the immense ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, most people, especially the young, resume criminal activity once they are released from
these institutions. The failure of these institutions to produce rehabilitated individuals has been
blamed on systemic flaws that inhibit proper functioning of the correctional institutions (Latessa,
Listwan and Koetzle, 2014). These failures may be addressed when the capacity of the institutions is
boosted. There is need for the employment of personnel who are qualified to guide incarcerated
individuals in their transition into normal life. These personnel include probation officers who are
required to monitor the movements and activities of individuals released from correctional
institutions. The revamping of the correctional institutions needs to focus on training such
individuals as probation officers to enable them better serve released convicts (Latessa, Listwan and
Koetzle, 2014). Training for Young Convicts
Many young individuals who have relapsed to criminal behavior have cited lack of opportunities for
economic empowerment as among the hurdles that they encounter. These individuals often lack the
skills and attitudes that they require to remain competitive in the job market. Consequently, these
individuals regard crime as their only option for survival. The challenge presented by the lack of
technical skills and

The Crime Rate On Los Angeles
In David Knowles article on the crime rate on Los Angeles, "Crime rate in Los Angeles Falls for
10th straight year, making it the safest big city in America" highlights the statistics and
improvements that Los Angeles has made to secure the gang nature and keep the city safe. He states,
"Overall, violent crime fell by 8.3 percent, with the number of murders remaining low. Just 20 years
ago there were 1,092 murders in Los Angeles. In 2012, the city recorded just 298" (Par 5). The
statistics do show that less people are being killed, and the police are implementing gangs more.
Knowles says that it is a "big achievement". Not just murders have fallen, the gang activity in LA
today has fallen drastically compared to how it was in the 80s and ... Show more content on
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This provides an explanation for why gangs are affecting the youth. They sell the product to the
teens and women in bulk in a low price still making profit. Then the teens and the women sell the
drugs in smaller quantities for higher prices to their friends ,people in the streets, classmates and
make they make profit through that. The teens and women that are making money through selling
those drugs can also be users of those drugs also. Which can lead them to a lifestyle of just selling
drugs and being an addict.
Gangs today are a lot smarter than they were in the 80s and 90s. In the article by Bryan Passifiume
"Police work hard to keep ahead of today's smarter savvier organized crime" highlights the works of
Sgt. Jason Walker which is about increased intelligence of gangs and ways that they run their
organized crimes. In the article Walker states "Gangsters and organizations, they're getting smarter".
(Section 4). Which is made possible because of benefit of transporting drugs with the use of the
internet. To traffic their drugs and to stay in touch with other gang members. Walker

Chicago's Crime Rate Summary
A special report made by Chicago Magazine, "The Truth About Chicago's Crime Rates", informs
about the way authorities in the city had in recent year reclassify crime rates through the
manipulation of statistics. The article investigates specific cases of murders that occurred in
Chicago's South and West side neighborhoods. In July 2013, Tiara Groove, a 20–year old black
African American from South Austin, was found dead inside a warehouse, "Her face and body were
bloated and badly decomposed", and a thin and brown wire "was wrapped around each armrest of a
wooden chair next to her flesh". Despite the pathologist not been able to find the exact cause of the
death, it was indicated that it had been a homicide; but, the CPD did not counted as a murder and
classified the case as "noncriminal death investigation". This would be the onset of other similar
cases that were investigated by the Chicago Magazine's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this, the media immediately claimed the total number of murders in Chicago had reached 500,
an undesirable number never seen before since 2008. Although the police department changed the
number to 499, due to a case that had been reclassified as a death investigation, they then confirmed
the city had indeed reached 500 murders. This back and forth from the police department reflects the
mismanagement of crime classification that are supposed to be adequately reported. Thus, the total
number of murders for 2012 was 507 and as the numbers escalate, so did the anger of black voters
who began to grow resilient towards Mayor Rahm Emmanuel; his approval was declining among
the African–American community. To address the overwhelming problem of crime the city was
facing, Governor Patt Quinn expressed his support to the Mayor and, in 2014, offered him the
deployment of the Illinois State Police (ISP) only if he requested

Causes Of Crime Rate
Crime rate has been fallen since 1980s, especially in developed countries. Many research has been
conducted for decades to find out the reasons behind the tumbling trend. Throughout years, many
reasons have been given to us. However, there are no single factor suggesting the main cause of
falling crime. To a certain extent, I agree government policy is not the main cause. Policies indeed
will have an impact on the decreasing crime rate, while there are other reasons also contributed to
the descend trend.
There are many reasons due to people commit in crime, like low level of education. Poor family
conditions, if people often being neglected by their families and can't feel love and attention, they
may feel they are not being needed and loss of confidence thus commit in misconduct. Moreover,
drug and alcohol abuse will also lead to law–breaking as people cannot well control their behaviour.
The needs of money for their habits also causing them to become theft. However, there were a
dramatic drop in recent year.
According to the Crime Survey for England and Wales(CSEW,2013), shows the illegality incident
(all crime, acquisitive crime and violent crime) during year 1981 to year 2013. It suggests that for all
crime, there were slightly increase from 1981 to 1990 (11000 to 15000), achieved at the peak in year
1995(19000) and generally dropped to 90000 in year 2013. While the violent crime has the lowest
crime rate throughout years in an average of 30000; acquisitive crime was

Camden Crime Rate And Crime Rates
After reading the article, there are three main points that we should discuss revolving around
Camden crime rate. Camden is known for having the leading part one offenses which is murder
topping off the charts compared to other New Jersey cities. The first point, that will be reviewed is
the high crime rates that have been displayed in Camden for numerous years which has lead there
chief to believe in the philosophy of community policing. Secondly, not all residents have seen the
decrease of crime in their area such as the Community Baptist Church. The final point that will be
discussed is why Camden crime rate has not turned around and why we should include the public on
crime awareness in their area.
First, Camden police chief decided to turn his community into a community policing in the attempts
to lower crime rates in his area. The reason for turning his attention to this model is because more
police officers will be on the streets and engaging with citizens. Chief Scott Thomson, decided to
change his policing technique with the community policing outlook so society can see that police
are active and in response so less criminal activities will be tried. Which in the first two years of this
police theory it has shown to have worked with the crime rate of murder dropping which was a relief
for Camden police officer and residents. This philosophy also makes police officers more
community friendly while keeping close attention while monitoring their zone.
Secondly, the

The Importance Of Crime Rates In The United States
In the modern world, crime rates are becoming increasingly out of proportions. Even though crime
rates are currently on the decline, one crime represents one too many. Proponents against crime are
gradually becoming strict towards a culprit of crime including the reenactment of the death penalty,
a deterrent against crime, in hopes to reduce crime rates. Although people who commit serious
crimes, such as homicide, deserves a harsh punishment, death penalties are taking the concept of
punishment slightly too far. The reintroduction of death penalties as a deterrent against crime will
not serve as a deterrent against crime as it, similar to all other forms of political practices, can
become corrupted, and the decision for weighting a crime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Instead, they would scrutinize the outcome of crime and base all judgement off of it. There are
certain pieces of information beyond the scope of the audience and information such as those that
are not always readily accessible or completely credible. In a scenario where a person murdered one
of his neighbors, an outsider would say that he deserves his death sentence since the victim could
have dependents and family members who needs him. Basing it off this, we don't account for what
made him commit the crime. What if the neighbor abused his children? What if his neighbor
blackmailed him? Even if we accounted for motives, there exists a chance that there is something
that the audience does not know about. In the event of ruling a death sentences in such cases, such
punishment prove to be extreme. In our immediate minds, a crime is always the same whether a rich
guy commits a crime over a couple hundred dollars or a homeless guy trying to feed a family of

The Crime Rate Of Crime
The huge crime drop suggests that also smaller amount of people are taking part in crime or that
people who do take part are obliging crimeless often. On the other hand a civilisation's rate of crime
is not a meek combination of the number of "crime–prone" entities with specific psychological or
biological features. The impression that crime is communal rather than individual is a conspicuous
melody in much of the finest new–fangled research. The crime drop partially imitates the effort of
organisations that are unambiguously intended to escalate social control, but then again it as well
imitates variations in further institutions aimed to achieve diverse societal purposes. No debate of
current U.S. crime inclinations would be comprehensive without bearing in mind the U.S. prison
inhabitants. For the reason that imprisonment rose so quickly, it is alluring to point the lion's
segment of the crime drop to the debilitating effects of prison. Numerous criminologists have faith
that prisons are in fact criminogenic in the long–run, firming up criminal ties and unsettling non–
criminal chances when convicts are unconfined. Looking at a study of the influence of
imprisonment on crime, sociologist Bruce Western guesses that coarsely nine–tenths of the crime
drop all through the 1990s would have happened without any variations in imprisonment, (Western,
2006). Economist Steven Levitt notes up to one third of the total drop to imprisonment. Increasing
numbers of incarceration as a

Correlation Between Police And Crime Rates
Even if perceptions of police are not directly related to crime rates, Roberts also states that
communities that are polarized on a subject, furthering community instability (and disorganization),
will create a disregard for the institution that "failed" to regulate public opinion (Roberts, 2005).
What this really means is that although public opinion about police may not directly impact crime
rates, police relations are a "hot topic" and the extreme divide that has been created between police
supporters and non–supports could, in turn, contribute to increased crime as people are fighting to
take the authority away from the institution that centers at their argument. In reality, trying to make a
linear correlation between public opinion and

Disparity Between Imprisonment Rate And Crime Rate
The Disparity Between Imprisonment Rate and Crime Rate in Australia
By Christopher Batho During the period of 2002 to 2014, the imprisonment rate in Australia
increased while at the same time the crime rate decreased. This essay will aim to give reasons and
theories as to why this apparent disparity between the rising imprisonment rate and decreasing crime
rate exists. To do this, the purposes for punishment will be examined, how and why this purpose of
punishment has changed over time, the sociological and criminological theories that best explain
this disparity, and finally the implications on society through these criminal justice trends. However
firstly we will examine the statistics that prove this disparity. Between 2002 and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Property crime includes unlawful entry with intent (UEWI), motor vehicle theft (MVT) and other
theft. The total number of offences for property crime has decreased from 1,188,582 in 2002 to
773348 in 2012. From both sets of data, it can be calculated that in the period of 2002 to 2012, the
imprisonment rate increased 13.5 percent yet the violent crime and property crime rates decreased
26 percent and 35 percent respectively. The question is, how is this possible? This will be answered
later but now the purposes for punishment will now be studied. When a person is guilty of a crime,
it is society's job to punish this person for their act. Once the person has been found guilty, they are
then sentenced by a judge with a certain purpose or purposes for the punishment. The main four
purposes used are retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation. Retribution is defined by
Mani as the offender 'must be punished simply because the wrongful act merits condemnation and
punishment.' (Reference). Deterrence is 'based on the idea that criminal behaviour can be deterred if
punishment is swift, certain, and severe enough to counter the benefits or pleasure gained from
committing crime.' (Reference). Rehabilitation of an offender may be achieved through education or
therapy. However, it must be understood that in order for rehabilitation to be

Harsher Penalties On The Crime Rate
In The United States, there is a direct correlation between the states with the lowest and highest
unemployment rates; and the lowest and highest crime rates. According to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics the states with the lowest unemployment rates generally have the lowest crime rates
(Bureau of Labor Statistics). One can argue harsher penalties would most likely deter criminals from
committing crimes, but preventive measures are most efficient for decreasing the crime rate. The
most efficient way to reduce the rising crime rate in the United States is to install more preventative
measures, heavily regulate privatized prisons that are run for individual profit, and provide more
support and lenient treatment for petty criminals.
By installing more preventative measures such as after school sports groups or activities, streetlights
and more police patrol, communities can significantly reduce the crime rate. According to Denise
Gottfredson of "Prevention Science" children who are unsupervised from the time they get out of
school until the time their parents come home from work, have a higher risk of committing a crime
(Denise Gottfredson). In order to prevent the large gap of supervision after school, children should
attend or join after school sports groups or activities. After school activities or sports allows children
to release any anger they may have; by releasing their emotions the children are less likely to have
aggressive behavior towards their community.

Juvenile Crime And Crime Rates
Juvenile crime is one of the nation 's most serious problems. Concerns about it are generally
broadcasted by federal, state, and local government officials and by the public. In years prior, the
burden developed beginning with the dramatic rise in juvenile violence in the eighties reaching an
all–time peak in the first part of the nineties. Even though juvenile crime rates seem to have lowered
since the mid–nineties, the reduction has not eased the concern. Many states began taking strict
statutory stances toward juveniles in the late seventies and early eighties. This was an era in which
juvenile crime rates were steady or dropping slightly, while federal reformers were commending
prevention and less disciplinary actions. Some of the conflict between the federal program and what
was happening in the states at that time may have been initiated by substantial changes in legal
measures that made juvenile court procedures more similar, however not equal to those in adult
(criminal) court. The reaction to the most recent spike in vicious juvenile crime has been a portrayal
of laws that uphold blurred differences between juvenile courts and adult courts. Some states
continued to strengthen their juvenile crime laws over the years first by making sentencing more
severe, two by increasing allowable transfers to criminal court, or doing away with some of the
discretion protections of juvenile court. Many such changes were enacted after the juvenile violent
crime rate had already

Crime Rates, Trends, And Variations
Introduction
Every day we tend to hear that the crime rate is up, or that it seem like crime is taking over America,
but is that really true? What do we really know about the crime rate? And what do we understand
about violent crime rates, trends, and variations? We will discuss these issues to gain a better
understanding about the UCR system.
FBI UCR for Georgia
When I checked my state, which is GA and compared what I have been told by some of my
associates from the Augusta, Georgia Richmond Country Sheriff department it was what I expected,
which was that crime rates were going down. So, there were no surprise there at all.
It showed me that between, 2012 – 2013 that we had some decrease in violent crimes, for instance,
in 2012 based on the population of "9,915,646 we had a total 37,675 violent crimes, and in 2013
based on the population of 9,992,167 there were only a total of 35,943 violent crimes" ("Crime in
the", 2013). So there was a "–4.6 percent change in violent crimes within those two years, and
within the violent crime rate per 100,000: was 380.0 for 2012, and in 2013 was 357.9 that there was
an overall percent change of –5.3" ("Crime in the", 2013). Why has it dropped? Well most LEOs
believe that it has dropped because of proactive arrests, faster responses to 911 calls, higher number
of LEOs on the streets, community policing, and more random patrols.
Thereby all of these reasons could help crime rates go down, but one can never tell with criminals.
But, for

The Problem Of Crime Rates
Overview of the Problem I currently the Chief of Police in Savannah, Georgia and the problem that
our city in currently facing is an increase in the crime rate in the city especially in the area of violent
crimes. Violent crime rose 8.8 percent in 2014 over the previous year with robberies and shooting
accounting for most of those crimes. The city reported "32 homicides in 2014, which was two more
than 2013, and the number of rapes increased from 49 to 64". The City Manager and City Council
has informed me that these numbers are unacceptable and in an effort to control, the rising crime
rate I propose the following measures (McCammon, 2015).
Constraints and Lack of Resources One of the largest constraints due to lack of resources we face in
controlling crime in the Savannah Police Department is the shortage of police officers. On any given
week between the five different precincts there can be a shortage of 50 to 60 officers overall. As a
result, the officers spend most of their time responding to 911 calls and therefore do not have time to
staff their beats or practice crime prevention. This also does not allow them any time to interact with
the public, which is an important part of crime prevention, and it can leave a precinct un–patrolled if
they receive as few as three overlapping calls that require a back up as six officers can be all that is
available during a short staff shift. In addition, it results in neglected citizens complaints as it leaves
the officers little

Juvenile Crimes And Crime Rates
Did you know that murders, rapists, kidnappers and drug dealers are being released from jail after
only serving short and relaxed sentences. Who are these criminals you might ask, and what makes
them so special?
Good morning___ and welcome to _____. So I will tell you who they are, they are people like you
and me, juveniles under the age of 18 who commit atrocious adult crimes but are still tried in
juvenile courts. They not only get off with shortened sentences but when released are given new
identities to start a new life where no one knows what they previously have committed. They
continue to live their new lives in peace and contentment all while their victims and the families are
left to suffer.
–This is why minors the age of 10 to 17 year olds who commit serious crimes like murder,
kidnapping, rape, aggravated assault and armed robbery should be charged as adults. Today I am
here to convince you that this is (the right notion and the most effective to decrease crime rates?)
They should be charged as adults firstly as every child, teen and adult knows right from wrong, if
they can do the crime they can do the time. Secondly, ____ and finally_____
So you might be thinking that minors are not adults and do not have the intellectual or moral
capacity to understand the consequences of their actions or that their brains are not fully developed
until at least the age of 20, in addition they are more vulnerable and impulsive to negative influences
and outside pressures.

The Crime Rate Of Atlanta Essay
Did you know that someone is murdered every 60 seconds in the united states?
Atlanta was recently ranked October 2012 as the sixth most dangerous city in the United States
among cities of more than 200,000 residents. According to Forbes the city has a violent crime rate of
1,433 per 100,000 and has experienced a violent crime rate rise of six percent in 2011 and is
currently increasing. Crime in Atlanta, Georgia is above the national median and has been a major
problem for the city since the middle 20th century. Atlanta has been known for high crime rates,
particularly property crime and homicides. Much of the city 's crime, however, is centralized in most
of its western neighborhoods and scattered neighborhoods adjacent to Hartsfield–Jackson
International Airport. These include Grove Park, Center Hill, and Bankhead, some of the most
crime–infested neighborhoods of Atlanta. This is alarming because Morehouse college is literally
less then ten minutes from all of these places. In just these three areas alone homicide is rated 20.5,
forcible rape is rated 33.2, robbery is rated 512.6, aggravated assault is rated 661.1, burglary is rated
1203.9, grand larceny–theft is rated 3631.0, motor vehicle theft is rated 912.5 and arson is rated 16.5
calculating to an disgusting overall rate of 5747.4.
Drug abuse and distribution among youth is also a big problem. The use of both alcohol and
cigarettes reached their highest points according to recent studies. Use of several

Guns Increase Crime Rates
Crime rates are high these days not to mention thieves can murder too, thus people tends to feel
more worried for their safety. (Hemenway, 2015) Stated that 64% of the time guns make home more
dangerous rather than a much safer place (5%). In which it can also increase the number of homicide
and the gun can rebound without proper knowledge, thus owning a gun does not define your safety.
Guns can increase the chance of protecting yourself but without proper knowledge it can kill you
instead. According to (Kellerman, et al., 1993)1,860 homicides occurred in the three countries, 444
of them (23.9%) in the home of the victims. Which (Davis, 2015) stated that many gun owners does
not know the first thing about firearms. Killers will not hesitate

Gang-Related Crime Rate Essay
A majority of criminal activities in the U.S are related to gang violence. A common reason for these
crimes is due to poverty, low employment, and no education. On another note, a gang is defined as
being an age–graded peer group exhibiting some permanence and establishing a sense of boundaries
through the gang–identified territory, style, and such oppositional practices as fighting and criminal
activity (source.). A lot of big cities like Chicago or Philadelphia are considered as one of the most
dangerous cities in America due to a lot of gang violence. In order to prevent these offenses and to
make cities in the U.S safer again, a solution has to be found in order to reduce the gang–related
crime rate and more importantly the prevention of

The Correlation Between Age And Crime Rates
It has been shown by research that younger age groups have a higher crime rate than older age
groups in society. Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld (1998) explores some factors that
posible contributes to the changing homicide rates. Both of these men have looked into the changes
in age–specfic homicide arrest rates. According to Blumstein & Rosenfeld (1998) crime rates for
persons age 18 and younger than have doubled. The rates for those 30 and above have delinced by
about 20–25%. As well as mentioning that from 1985, handgun homicide among youth increased by
100% by 1994 and juveniles use of handgun increased over 300% (Blumstein & Rosenfeld, 1998).
This piece of work makes an example of the relationship between age and crime. For the reason that
the data provided shows how there has been a tremendous rate of crime from the youth compared to
older adults. Evidence showing that older age groups are declining in crime rates but the youth is
increasing illustrations the transition in society.
Another study that shows the transition in society and crimes rates among various age groups is the
works from Janet L. Lauritsen (1998). She demonstrates in her study the relationship between age
and crime analyzing individual's involvement in delinquency, serious criminal behavior, and
victimization. She believes that age–crime curve reaches a peak during late adolescence but declines
through time. To back this up, using data from the first five waves of the National Youth Survey

Crime Rates in America
Crime Rates In America
Elliot H. Maysonet
CJA/204
08 April 2013
Prof. Ron Alter
Crime Rates In America
In society's day and age, Americans believe that crime has been steadily increasing. This perspective
is based on information provided to the public by criminologist. Our society relies heavily on
statistical data to measure criminality and the effectiveness of the laws that govern society. This data
is collected and formulated to create what is known as national crime reports. These reports were
implemented to improve the structure of the laws that govern our society. In addition these reports
record criminal activity, the type of crimes committed, the locations of criminal trends, the volume
of crimes committed, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These reports are based only on the crimes that have been reported by victims or discovered by
police. In the cases of crimes that are less serious, the data used for these reports are that which
resulted in arrest only (not reported crimes). These reports do not include crimes that have not been
reported, have been omitted from these reports, or cases which prosecutors declined to prosecute
due to lack of evidence. Although these crimes are not indicated on these reports, they still
contribute to our society's criminality.
Another way that crime rates can be deceiving is the views between street crimes and white–collar
crimes. To the public eye street crimes, which consist of crimes such as Murder, Rape, Robbery,
Assault, Kidnapping, Arson, etc. is the more devastating to society. Whereas white–collar crimes
such as Embezzlement, Tax evasion, Price fixing, Bank fraud, Concealment of product liabilities,
etc. are not seen as detrimental to society. The UCR and NCVS reports tend to focus more on street
crime as apposed to white–collar crimes. This can lead the public to believe contrary to reality.
When researching this comparison, we will find an overwhelming disparity which shows that white–
collar crime affect society far worse than street crime in the form of financial cost, property lose or
damage, and personal injury or death (Robinson 2011).
In researching the topic of crime rates in America, I have learned that crime rates relate to

A Brief Note On Crime And Crime Rates
Crime is one of the major issues that America has been facing for over one hundred years. Although
crime has been steadily decreasing ever since the 1990's there are still a lot of room for
improvement. With this issue bring many subsequent problems, such as incarcerated people per
capita. This doesn 't only have an extreme burden on those incarcerated and their families, but also
on the federal government. This costs them billions of dollars every year to control delinquent
behavior but it still hasn 't worked to its full potential. There are three topics containing four
variables that must be considered when attempting to reduce crime rates. This includes police,
surveillance, and federal assistance. The variables they produce are, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The first studied found there was a strong correlation between the rate at which someone is arrested
for an offense and the rate of the same offense (Tittle and Rowe, 1974). This was mostly seen in
robberies, when a robber was arrested the rate of robberies would slightly decrease. This poses two
reason of the decrease, either the other people who frequently rob people do it less frequently
because they are frightened to also be arrested, or that the robber who was arrested was a repeat
offender. This is interesting because it doesn 't have to be one or the other, the reality is that there is
most likely a mix of both happening. This effect was examined by another researcher who coined
the term the tipping effect, and understood that clearance rates only affect some crime rates and not
in others depending on the offense (Bailey n.d.). This means that the clearance of a crime, which is
the closing of an open case, either by arrest, death, etc. could not always positively impact the crime
rate. This is not only a difference in violent crimes and property crimes because there was a negative
association found in property crimes and clearance rates (Logan, 1975).
This poses four main problems, first the fact that crime rates and clearance rates directly influence
each other. This is a major road block that is preventing the causal effect of the independent variable
on the crime

The Problem Of High Crime Rate
From a lot of our class discussions, as well as interactions from with other students on campus I feel
that a prevalent issue both to our school, and citizens of the downtown Tampa area in general is
safety. As students on campus we receive almost weekly emails from the school's security
department informing us somebody, usually a student, getting robbed or accosted in some way by an
unknown person and that police are investigating. Rarely do we get emails saying the person was
caught, this has lead to some students to begin to feel unsafe in the areas around campus. So the
issue is how to lower crime rate in the area, and increase the safeness for citizens and for students in
particular. The first step in addressing this problem is figuring out what is happening. The first thing
would be to look up the crime reports from both the university security and Tampa police
department in the areas surrounding the school. The first thing this helps us determine is if there has
been a rise in crime in recent years or if it is an ongoing problem. If there is a rise we can look at the
areas where the rise occurred and focus there, if not we know problem is for the area as a whole.
Second by looking at the crime reports we can look at both the areas where the crimes are happing
and the situations that resulted in the incident. Information like time of incident, information of
victim; i.e. age, race, gender, sex, etc., if the victim was alone or intoxicated and other information
to

Immigration Crime Rate
These diagrams clearly indicate that the immigrants to the USA, do not impact crime rates. If you
look at Set 1, Figure 1, you will see that while the number of immigrants are increasing, the crime
rates are not increasing, they are decreasing. If you look at Set 1, Figure 2, you will see data for
incarceration of immigrants from 1970 to 2007. You can see that "Persons incarcerated per 100000"
is growing together with "Immigrants per 100000", so no connection there. Set 3 is also similar to
Set 1, but is presented in a different way. These diagrams showed that there is no correlation
between immigrant population and crime rates, but statistically, immigrants are less likely than
native born, to commit a crime.
Between 1990 and 2013, according to the FBI, violet crime rate declined by 48% and the property
crim rate declined by 41%. Around that period, the foreign–born share of the USA population
increased from 7.9% to 13.1 and the number of unauthorized immigrants increased from 3.5 million
to 11.2 million. According to immigrationpolicy.org, immigrants are less likely than the natives to be
part of some criminal behaviour. Immigrants are also less likely than the natives to be incarcerated.
For instance, according to American Community Survey, in 2010, of the immigrant males aged from
18 to 39, around 1.6 % were in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Racism is a very important factor because for instance, according to cis.org, the number of black
natives arrested or sent to prison, is much higher than the other groups. This means that if the black
natives are included in the natives' data for crime rates, then the overall crim rate for native will be
significantly higher. It will not be accurate to compare the crime rates of natives to immigrants,
assuming that most of the immigrants will be white. Even though immigrants have not committed
crimes at a higher rate than the natives, the recently moved immigrants have been breaking the
American

Comparing Crime Rates
Comparing crime rates for whites and blacks propose that guns play a role in understanding
differences in race. Blacks have a high homicide and aggravated assault rate than whites but not
much higher than the simple assault rate for whites. This goes back to the idea of honor culture and
the problem with carrying for protection and its tradition of being passed down by generations. A
National Violence against women and men survey was conducted that analyzed race and regional
differences in gun protection when carrying. The study measured if there were cultural differences
in behavior opposed to people's attitudes. The hypothesis was that if regional differences in carrying
disappear then the threat of violence can be controlled. The data

The Problem Of Crime Rate
Abstract
Crime is a big problem in the world. Many believe that nothing can be done to prevent it. The crime
rates are increasing rapidly all around the world. Crime is not easy to completely remove from our
society. For many years Scientist and psychologists have argued over whether upbringing forms of a
child's behavior or whether they are born with a personality disorder, or could it be the way their
brain is set up or their body type? Society may never really know all the causes of this criminal
behavior. With all the disagreement going on with the subject on "the causes of criminals", the
controversial question would be "Are criminals born, or made?"
There are so many reasons behind the increased crime rate. I believe to figure out why the crime rate
is rapidly increasing, it is important to figure out the main cause and treat it. With proper measures
like straight laws, sufficient punishments, good moral and education, we may be able to avoid the
crimes to a certain extent.
In today society, crime rate is increasingly on the rise. The crimes that are being caused are stealing,
poverty, desperation, kidnap, rape, robbery, physical fighting, substance abuse, and many other
crimes that are not mentioned. For many years it has been said that a person's parents are the root to
make the person they become as an adult. A child's role model would mainly be their parents, but as
a person's age and grows older. They start to have other influence in their lives. Such as

Incarceration Crime Rate
Since the 1990s and the crime drop, there has been many questions to the reason why. Steven Levitt
and Stephen Dubner thoroughly looked through the different theories but came to a conclusion that
the main reason crime had fallen is abortion (117–145). One of the reasons they discuss is whether
or not the increase of incarceration affects the fluctuations in crime rates. Levitt and Dubner suggest
that the crime system became relaxed due avoid racism; however, the crime rates then began to rise
(122). "Between 1980 and 2000, there was a fifteenfold increase in the number of people sent to
prison on drug charges" (Levitt, Dubner 123). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the validity
of the incarceration effects on crime rates. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1–30). Ouimet says "[Spelman] estimates the relationship between incarceration and crime and
comes up with an elasticity measure of –0.4, which means that an increase in incarceration of one
percent will be followed by a drop in crime of 0.4%" (par. 12). In other words, imprisonment only
accounted for one fourth of the crime drop in the 1990s (Ouimet par. 12). Not all scholars however,
believe that incarceration was responsible for the drop because of its inconsistency between states
(Ouimet par. 13). In fact, they believe that states adjusted the incarceration rates due to the crime
rates, the dependent and independent variables were flipped (Ouimet par. 13). Ouimet then goes into
policing strategies, (another commonly known factor in affecting crime rates) and how those
statistics match up with those of Canada. Though Ouimet uses evidence to prove that incarceration
affects crime, he then disproves it by saying that it is to variant and is not consistent among states
(pars. 12–13). This article is really good to look at another side of the crime drop. It brings in a good
perspective and points; however, it ties the U.S. to Canada in which causes the author to broaden the
argument instead of tying it down to specific

Crime Rates In Prison Case Study
A. Sample: 268 incarcerated male adult offenders in five federal prisons in Quebec.
B. Strong: a random sample from the five prisons was selected, so no biases present. Variation in the
type of federal prison also allows for a wider range of participants rather than focusing solely on
prisoners in minimum or maximum security prison. Focused on inmates who were involved in
money–orientated crimes so it targets a specific population of the prison population.
C. Weak: Only male offenders who were incarcerated are in sample, so males who committed
crimes after being mentored, and who were not caught are not accounted for in the sample. Only
five prisons were selected so the data is not generalizable to the country, maybe generalizable to the
province. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Cynical Streets: Neighborhood Social Processes and Perceptions of Criminal Injustice"
A. Sample: 689 African Americans from 39 neighborhoods and this sample was taken from data
collected by the Family and Community Health Study in Iowa and Georgia.
B. Strong: Specific characteristics such as economic level and racial composition were desired and
the people in the sample are representative of who the study aimed to look at. 72% of families in
Iowa contributed to the study.
C. Weak: It is not stated how the Family and Community Health Study went about getting their
sample. Only two states' data was looked at and only a few locations within those states so the
generalizability is extremely limited. Only around 60% of families contributed to the study in
Georgia. I personally believe the compensation for participating in the study was particularly high,
so people may have participated solely for the compensation therefore not taking the study seriously.
Only examines African Americans so the findings only apply to one racial group, but the findings
are not generalizable to all African Americans in similar economic and demographic situations
because the sample size is only

Crime Rate And Its Effect On The Incarceration Rate
In our study, the independent variable is whether a state elects or appoints judges. The dependent
variable is the incarceration rate (per 100,000 people) for each state. To control for these variables,
we also measured the violent crime rate (per 100,000 people) for each state. The violent crime rate
allows us to see whether or not crime rate or judges are having a measurable effect on the
incarceration rate. Without controlling for the crime rate, we would not be able to tell if higher
incarceration rates were truly a result of elected judges, as crime rate would also be playing a
significant part. This is because it could be purely coincidental that violent crime rates are higher in
states that also elect judges. Therefore, if we didn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The value of each variable is the number of people who are incarcerated per 100,000 people. No
mathematical equation or changes were made before entering it into the SPSS program, our
statistical test.
For our data, we chose to control for the violent crime in each state. We did this by using the violent
crime rate, which was measured similarly to the incarceration rate. We measured it by every 100,000
people for each of the 50 states. In order to code this, we used a range of 0–100,000. The variable
can be anywhere within the range and only represents the number of individuals who have
committed violent crime per 100,000 people per state. No type of equations or recoding was done
before we entered this data into the SPSS program. We used a linear regression as the statistical test
to prove our hypothesis. We chose to run a linear regression because the dependent variable, the
incarceration rate, had more than two values that could be used. This is because the incarceration
rates could range anywhere from 0 to 100,000 people. Therefore, it only made sense to use the linear
regression. As seen, the independent variable was whether a state elected or appointed judges.
Further, the violent crime rate (per 100,000 people) was the control variable.With the data above, we
can conclude that our hypothesis (which asserts that states that elect judges are more likely than
those who appoint judges to have higher

Decline Of Crime Rates In Canada
Throughout the years, crime rates in Canada's and the United States' major cities have decreased
drastically. Regardless of the many factors that lead to increasing crime rates, such as
unemployment, or bad economic circumstances. This essay will examine the many factors leading to
the exponential decline of crime rates in North America. This essay will demonstrate how
unemployment and economic hardship does not always lead to higher crime rates, how the growing
increase of new technology aided in the decrease in crime rates, and the result of government funded
programs helping to reduce crime rate. These factors should be discussed because it illustrates the
progress of the judicial system and federal government throughout the years and it shows that
people most vulnerable to committing crimes may not always commit crime. Similarly, it shows that
economic factors leading to crime in the past are not always the case due to positive behavioral
changes throughout the years.
The general themes of the articles are based on economic factors, technology, the justice system and
people of certain age groups that are most likely to commit crimes, and how they all contribute to
the major decline in crime rates over the years. It is also stating the factors related to the rise in
crime and examining how they exponentially decreased as the world became more modernized. The
central points that the authors of these articles are stating that statistics show from the 1980s to the

Deterrence Crime Rate
Sean Fitzgerald
Crime Rate of Children Affected by Domestic Violence Domestic violence has been a large problem
for as long as societies have been around, but more recently in the past century, it has received more
attention. The part of domestic violence that has gotten the largest amount of awareness is the act of
spousal abuse. Between 600,000 and six million women and between 100,000 and six million men
are victims of domestic abuse each year. Of course this is paralleled by the effect on children. For
every family household that a spouse is abused in, if there is a child there is a large chance that the
he or she will be affected by the incident. It is estimated that about 3.3 million children will witness
some type of domestic abuse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shaming is a deliberate effort to attach a negative meaning to a behavior. Deterrence is a measure
that prevents a person from doing something because of fear of the consequences. Shaming will help
establish a norm for a small group of people, but for most people who feel the need to break norms
of society shaming will not be very effective. Deterrence will be much more effective in preventing
people from committing crimes. There are two types of deterrence: general deterrence and specific
deterrence. General deterrence applies to the general population that helps ensure that they will not
commit crimes in the future. It is the fear of experiencing consequences that have been applied to
others who have committed the crime. This is the primary method of preventing crime in the world
to create a fear of having negative sanctions brought onto a person if they fail to follow the norms
set out by society. Specific deterrence on the other hand is the changing of the attitude of individuals
who have been or are still being punished by the law, to deter them from committing crime again.
Specific deterrence is effective, but still flawed as evident by the high recidivist rate. One of the
most important sociological topics is the differential association theory. This theory was created by
Edwin Sutherland and he states that criminal behavior that violates society's norms is learned. A
person learns to commit deviant behavior through his or her environment, primarily through
communication. A person learns not only how to commit the crime, but also the mindset of how to
commit the crime. The learning process that comes with crime is the same as any other learned idea,
it is usually developed through small intimate groups of people that help shape one's perception of
the world. A person often will see a law as being unfavorable to their previous dispositions and feel
a need to

Gun Control vs. Crime Rate
Jessica Vickers
Dr. Jonne Akens
Engl 1302
25 February 2013
Gun Control vs. Crime Rate According to the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the United
States of America, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right
of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed." In this very amendment lies the main
issue of gun control. "To many, the language of the amendment appears to grant to the people the
absolute right to bear arms. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has held that the amendment merely
protects the right of states to form a state militia." (Kimberlin) Gun control, or the controlling of
firearms, is any act or proposal by any local, state, or federal agency to inhibit, deter, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The gunman then ran and took his own life (Benner, 2012). The latter side of the debate shows how
civilians are capable of stopping a crime before the police are able to arrive. "Some even claim that
more guns will help to control the crime and prevent mass shootings from occurring." (Wicked)
After being subjected to so much information, how is the reader to know which side is right?
According to Wicked, "This can be a difficult question to answer and requires detailed analysis to
come to an informed decision. Studies that have been done on the issue of gun control have found
many things that gun control affects and many things that it does not affect. One key item that
studies have found is that gun control laws affect the use of specific guns in violent crimes, but do
not affect the rate of crime itself." The controlling of firearms by either banning the sale, transfer,
importation, or manufacture of, as well as controlling the amount of ammunition available and the
storage of that ammunition, is irrelevant to the reduction of violent crime.
When debating the effect that a particular law, or ban of item, has on the rate of violent crime, it is
beneficial to look back at the effect that laws and bans similar to these have had on the crime rate
throughout history. The 1994 Assault Weapons ban which Dianne Feinstein proposed and that of
which Congress passed would be a prime example. "This ban specifically selected fire arms

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