Carl Rogers was a leading figure in the humanistic psychology movement. He believed that people have an innate drive towards self-actualization and that traditional psychology focused too much on pathology. Rogers developed client-centered therapy which places emphasis on empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness in order to help clients reach their full potential. His theories challenged the existing paradigms and significantly influenced the field of psychology.
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
Factors That Can Be Protective Against Ptsd
1. Factors That Can Be Protective Against Ptsd
What is meant by the term ''resilience'' with regard to response to stressful events? One resilience
factor is 'hardiness', discuss how this factor can be protective against PTSD.
Stress is a widely studied phenomenon, as stress is an experience that every individual go through in
their everyday lives. According to Baum (1990), stress can be defined as a "negative emotional
experience accompanied by predicable biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes that are
directed towards adaption either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by
accommodating its effects." Everybody is affected by stressful events in different ways, some are
better at coping than others, this is because everyone is individually different. This is where
resilience to stressful events comes into place. Resilience helps to explain the ability to adapt in the
face of tragedy, hardship, trauma, adversity and a continuation of significant life stressors. Bonanno
(2002).There are many factors that influence people's resilience to these life events, for example
personality traits, optimism, lows of control, hardiness and social support. In this essay there will be
a focus on hardiness as it is a main factor for overcoming mental illness. Especially for PTSD which
is heavily influenced by stressful life experiences.
Stress has a big impact on people's mental and physical health, the way in which people cope with
stress can protect them from illness. Throughout life, people are faced
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
2. PTSD In Military
Mental health illness is a major issue that several United States systems faces daily. Mental illness
can contribute to high crime rates, suicide, drug addiction, mass shootings, prison overcrowding,
and several other problems. This paper will discuss and examine mental health issues as it develops
and result in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the United States Military, and specifically
how PTSD can result in suicide among military service members. PTSD is commonly and well
known to infantry soldiers who were mostly deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq war between 2001
and 2003 due to an overwhelming and challenging environment. The war in Afghanistan and the
invasion of Iraq conflicts, both have had a an actual impact on soldiers' mental health. In addition,
infantrymen are most likely to experience at least one event as a minimum that may result in PTSD
than any other divisions in the military. According to Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Major Gary Wynn provides statistics shows that "93 percent report coming under fire from artillery,
rockets, and mortars. 91 percent say their unit has been attacked or ambushed. 87 percent say they
know someone who has been seriously injured or killed" (Robson 2012). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although PTSD is a somewhat new diagnosis that was related with military service members when
it was first introduced. "During a period roughly from the end of the Second World War to the early
1990s, neither epidemiology, medical geography, nor medical sociology tended directly to study the
impact of the local social or physical environment on human health," according to Perspectives in
Medical Sociology (Brown 2008). PTSD was accepted everywhere when it was introduced as a
diagnosis in the early 1980s in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM–III) of the American Psychiatric Association. Although PTSD diagnosis met
largely with skepticism by the public of the validity of the illness when first came out. Blair
Wheaton and Shirin Montazer provided a detailed definition of Traumatic Stress in their chapter of
Stressors, Stress, and Distress by stating, "some stressors are thought to be so serious and so
overwhelming in their impact that we must give them a separate status to distinguish them from the
usual class of events that we designate as stressful. The most applicable term for these stressors is
traumas" (Wheaton & Montazer 2010). In other words, PTSD is a complex mental disorder that
develops in response to exposure to a severe traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms.
Being afflicted with the disorder is debilitating and disrupt an individual's ability to function and
perform the basic tasks. PTSD affects 3.5 percent of the U.S. adult population and approximately
about 7 million Americans. Women however are more likely to develop PTSD than men, and about
37percent of those cases are classified as severe. Although PTSD can occur at any age, however the
average is in the early 20s in person's
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
3. Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States Essay
Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States
Sexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or
more people in which one of the people involved is involved against his or her will. (3) The
description of "against his or her will" extends to varying degrees of aggression, ranging from
indirect pressure to a direct physical attack. According to the Crime Victim Research and Treatment
Center 1.3 adult women are sexually assaulted in the United States every minute. (1) Of these
assaults 84% of the attacks occur by someone the victim knows. The Senate Judiciary Committee
the United States sighted the United States as having the highest rate of sexual assaults per capita in
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a woman tries to repress her psychological response, does she develop a physical reaction? One
type of disorder that develops among many women who have experienced sexual assault is called
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. While the exact symptoms, and the length that PTSD lasts
varies, the disorder is found among many victims of sexual assault.
The symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder vary. They can include an increased level of
anxiety, which can result in difficulty sleeping, concentrating, and an exaggerated response to noise.
PTSD can affect a woman who has experienced sexual assault ability to remember past events, in
particular events associated with her assault. (2) PTSD can cause feelings of detachment and
numbness, as well as a desire to avoid anything that the victim might associate with her assault.
While doctors have been able to identify the symptoms in many victims of sexual assault the exact
cause of the disorder is still questioned. Is the disorder the body's response to trauma? If so what
relationship exists between the symptoms associated with PTSD as trauma? A strong correlation has
been found between sufferers of PTSD and poor health. (3) PTSD can lead to depression and
sickness. PTSD if not treated can also indirectly cause accidents that can affect a victim's health.
These accidents can be the result high levels of anxiety, of a lack of ability to focus, and a lack of
ability to respond.
Post
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
4. Dysfunction In Families
The percentage of military veterans seeking help for Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has
increased from 4% in 2006 to 12% in 2010 (Palinkas and Link 386). Too often combat veterans are
discharged and left struggling with their drastically changed lives. PTSD also affects other people
who are in the veterans' lives. It is necessary that our country acknowledge the severity of PTSD
and offer accessible help to veterans and their families. PTSD is a growing problem today, but it is
not new. For decades, families have dealt with PTSD resulting from traumatic experiences
associated with military operations (Xue et al. 1– 2). Military PTSD is when veterans develop "a
complex and chronic disorder caused by exposure to a traumatic event," commonly ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Military occupations and training are not always transferable to the civilian workforce," though
there are many opportunities that would help if supported by people in society ("National Coalition
for Homeless Veterans"). Likewise, more support in society could help decrease the numbers of
incarcerated veterans. A report released in 2007 by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, estimated
140,000 veterans were held in both state and federal prisons ("National Coalition for Homeless
Veterans"). State prisons held 54% of veterans that reported "service during a wartime era" and 20%
of veterans who saw combat ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). Two–thirds of veterans
in federal prisons had served during wartime while one–quarter of veterans had seen combat
("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). Many of these veterans were not criminals prior to
combat with "six in 10 incarcerated veterans" receiving honorable discharges from the military
("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans"). In state prison, "veterans had shorter criminal
histories" than other inmates who were not veterans ("National Coalition for Homeless Veterans").
This shows a significant number of incarcerated veterans were affected deeply by their military
experiences and possibly diagnosed with
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
5. The Effects Of Interpersonal Trauma And Disruption Of...
Developmental Trauma or Developmental Psychopathology researched by Maughan & Cicchetti
(2002) report on the consequences of interpersonal trauma and disruption of caregiving systems on
the development of affect regulation, attention, cognition, perception, and interpersonal
relationships. Şar (2014: 171–179) states that research into patients with dissociatve disorders report
the highest prevalance of childhood abuse and/or neglect of all mental health disorders and asserts
that dissociation can result from deep–rooted developmental stress. This project will concentrate on
the links in developmental trauma with the forming of dissociative traits and discuss whether
dissociation is essentially related to the developing self. An in depth look at what is developmental
trauma and the aetiology of dissociation will be covered. Using clinical examples, the implications
for clinical practice in child psychotherapy will be considered. There is not scope here to look at
each dissociative phenomena in great depth so this project will concentrate on dissociation as a
whole.
Developmental Trauma, the Key Aspects
Trauma or traumata as described in Rycroft (1995) 'are experiences which disrupt or pervert
development.' They define it as 'any unexpected experience which the subject is unable to
assimilate.' Developmental, or as it is sometimes called, complex trauma, is concerned with a child's
prolonged exposure to traumatic events such as, neglect, abuse, abandonment, violence and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
6. Post Traumatic Stress Condition Essay
Definition of Condition
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that may develop after exposure to a
terrifying event or ordeal in which severe physical harm occurred or was threatened. Anyone who
has gone through a life–threatening event can develop post–traumatic stress disorder including
military troops who served in wars; rescue workers for catastrophes for example 2001 terrorist
attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C.; survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing;
survivors of accidents, rape, physical or sexual abuse, and other crimes; immigrants fleeing violence
in their countries; survivors of earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes; and those who witness traumatic
events can also develop post–traumatic stress disorder Incidence/prevalence
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
December 2).
Prognosis
Alost–traumatic stress disorder prognosis can be a positive one, but post–traumatic stress disorder
treatment may take a long time. Post–traumatic stress disorder can be caused by a variety of events,
and its effects may be devastating and long–lasting. According to Eun Jung Suh, Ph D, an assistant
professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University in New York, the symptoms of post–
traumatic stress disorder fall into three groups (Myers, W. 2011, January 18).
Medication may have the most impact when combined with a form of therapy known as cognitive–
behavioral therapy, or CBT. "Psychotherapies like CBT help to decrease fear and anxiety related to
trauma," says Suh. "Therapy can also help patients understand and change how they think about
their trauma experience."
(Myers, W. 2011, January
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
7. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd And Race / Ethnicity
Corey Hills
May 5, 1015
PSY–230–A
Final Paper
The Correlation Between Both ASD/PTSD & Race/Ethnicity
Post–traumatic stress disorder is a well known disorder that takes over the life of it's victim. We
know that anyone has the chance of facing this challenging disorder but does race/ culture have
anything to do with it? Throughout this paper we will be trying to answer this question and many
more. This paper's main focus is on what post–traumatic stress disorder is, what evidence provided
by researchers leads us to believe that race and ethnicity has something to do with PTSD rates and
last but not least the few ways on how to treat PTSD patients properly. Post– traumatic stress
disorder or PTSD is a disorder which is characterized by anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms
that last for more than one month and that occur as a result of exposure to extreme trauma. PTSD
symptoms can develop in individuals faced with repeated mild or low magnitude stressors, such as
employment problems, marital distress (Astin et al., 1995; Scott & Stradling, 1994), parenting
separation or relationship problems. This disorder is more common in more traumatic events such as
war or a bad car accident. What is a traumatic event exactly? Well, a traumatic event is when a
person has experienced, witnessed or was confronted with event(s) that involved actual or
threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others. The natural
response to these
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
8. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by Physiological Changes in the Brain
People who have been in combat overseas are usually involved in some sort of traumatic or life
threatening event. Therefore, the majority come home with some type of Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder also known as PTSD. For the most part soldiers find a way of going around the question
and tell doctors they do not have PTSD, they are in good health. Consequently, for those in the
military there will always be the stigma of appearing weak for trying to get help. Soldiers will
always be concerned with the stigma of PTSD following them and tarnishing the rest of their career.
They truly need to be familiar with what is happening to their brain and the hazards of not seeking
help. Furthermore, scientific research will show Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by
physiological changes in the brain directly correlated with a traumatic event. It does not mean
something is wrong with them. However, they should seek medical help from a doctor to see all the
option they have to get help though this tough transition.
In order to help our brothers and sisters, we must attempt to understand what Post Traumatic Stress
disorder actually is. We have to look at what areas of the brain are affected. There are three regions
of your brain that become agitated and begin to change due to post traumatic stress, the
hippocampus, amygdale, and the medial prefrontal cortex. The region that is affected the most from
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
9. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Preview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD for short, is a
mental health state that is provoked by experiencing or seeing a horrifying event. Some symptoms
of PTSD can include flashbacks, nightmares and anxiety. There are many types of PTSD that will be
discussed. Along with the services these victims may receive, the various treatments they can get,
and the outcome of each of these treatments.
Often times people can experience emotional distress, hopelessness, anger, guilt or loneliness. In the
behavioral aspect, an individual may feel irritability, social isolation, aggression, self destructive
behavior or self harm. Psychologically they could have panic attacks, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is when a healthy adult has been revealed to one single traumatic event in their adult life, that
can cause them to experience extremely horrifying memories and being cut off from relationships.
However, these individuals can fulfill completion of this in just a few weeks.
Then there is the Acute Stress Disorder. This type of PTSD is eminent by panic reactions, mental
confusion, suspiciousness, and being unable to manage basic self care and relationship activities.
Individuals (victims) of this form of PTSD have gone through more than one traumatic event in
order to have these symptoms, events that are a disaster, such as being revealed to a death, or the
loss of a home or community.
Next is the Uncomplicated PTSD, in which the victim experiences relentless reexperiencing of the
traumatic event, emotional numbing, and increased arousal.
Comorbid PTSD is next, this is of the more common PTSD. It is a stress disorder that has one other
major psychiatric problem such as depression, some form of substance abuse, a panic disorder, or
another form of anxiety.
The last of the types of PTSD is Complex PTSD. This PTSD is sometimes called Disorder of
Extreme Stress, is found in victims who have been exposed to extended traumatic situations. This
form of PTSD happens largely during the childhood of the victim. And it causes the victims to be
linked with antisocial personality disorder, behavioral difficulties, emotional difficulties, and mental
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
10. Carl Rogers And The Humanistic Psychology Movement Essay
The field of psychology has evolved considerably in the last century and Carl Rogers (1902–1987)
has been one of the most influential figures contributing to its growth. Rogers is considered by
many to be the leader of the humanistic psychology movement. He spent the majority of his
professional career demonstrating "how supportive, growth–producing conditions can unleash
healing, responsible self–direction, and creativity in individuals and groups in all walks of life"
(Kirschenbaum, 2004, p.121). Today, more than half a century after publishing his theories, Rogers'
conditions for effective therapy have continued to serve as a foundation for mental health
professionals around the world, regardless of their theoretical orientations.
Rogers' Early Years
Rogers grew up in the Midwest with his parents, four brothers, and sister. His parents were
extremely conservative Protestants. They led family prayers on a daily basis and made every attempt
to protect their children from the corrupt influences in society (Kirschenbaum, 2004). Rogers was a
sensitive child and was easily hurt by his family's teasing; however, expressing feelings was not
encouraged in the Rogers' household (Kirschenbaum, 2004). These early experiences Rogers
experienced with his family may be the most influential aspects of his childhood that contributed to
the development of his theories and the importance of understanding the subjective inner experience
of the client.
Rogers' Education
When he was a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
11. United States Military Soldiers Suffer
Many United States military soldiers suffer, not only from health issues, but also physical workload
and finding jobs outside of the military. Many soldiers have lost limbs, and tore their bodies apart
for what they believe in. A soldier sacrifices his life, his family, and his career for our life, family
and careers. The sacrifices made by the soldier that gives everything up is irreplaceable and once
they sign their names to that contract there is no going back. Many soldiers have health problems.
On August 31, 2010 President Obama announced that operation Iraqi freedom was ended. Statistics
show that 4,412 service men had died and 31,939 servicemen were injured during the course of this
war (Military). In 2011 there were two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies have shown that 8,000 soldiers are thought to die by suicide every year, thats Twenty–two
per day(Military Bonds)! A study has also shown that fourteen percent of men have contemplated
suicide, while a little over five percent had planned it out and two and a half percent had actually
attempted it one or more times. The rate of major depression is five times higher than that of an
average American(Military Bonds). Post Traumatic Stress disorder is a mental health condition
triggered by the result of seeing something terrifying, it makes the person experience emotional
distress, loss of interest, guilt, the inability to feel pleasure they may become irritable, aggressive
and may not be able to sleep at night(Veterans Statistics). PTSD can also make the person have
thoughts of suicide or unwanted thoughts. PTSD can occur over time after being home from a
deployment and a study shows that nine percent of military personnel have PTSD shortly after
returning home from a deployment, but looking at the same troops a year later thirty–one percent
had claimed to suffer from PTSD(Veterans Statistics). A study shows that between five and twenty
percent have had PTSD prevalence without help, but fifty percent of people who seek help
prevailing over the mental illness(Veterans Statistics) PTSD is the third most prevalent psychiatric
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
12. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay
This paper focuses on women who are survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) and today struggle
with a complex set of symptoms known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). For pastors who
intend to provide help, an integrated multidimensional treatment plan flows from a thorough
assessment and accurate diagnosis. Discussed herein are three treatment options including
individual, group and cognitive processing therapy and the integration of a Christian perspective
regarding symptom mitigation to assist in gaining a better understanding of redemptive care. Ashley
is 60 years old. She is the middle child of three sisters. Ashley reported that when she was growing
up, her father abused her. She was also abused by her sister in the way she was setting up situations
for Ashley to be raped or beaten. Ashley has great feelings of betrayal toward her father, mother, and
sister. Her mother confessed to Ashely that she caught her husband when he was sexually molesting
her oldest daughter. Ashley is angry that her mother did not stop the abuse, and she did not protect
her and her sister. Ultimately, Ashley is angry that her mother was dependent on her father, and she
did not even consider separating from him. Ashley reported feelings of entrapment, depression,
anxiety, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks and helplessness and powerlessness as a child
that led her to become preoccupied with remaining in control of situations as an adult. (Karakurt &
Silver, 2014, p. 83)
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
13. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
PTSD in Catcher in the Rye Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most commonly thought of as an
illness men and women acquire from experiences while serving in the wars. Some do not even know
what it is or how much it affects people 's lives. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger
helps to convey what Post Traumatic Stress Disorder really is. PTSD is a curable condition triggered
by a traumatic event with many types, causes, and symptoms displayed by Holden Caulfield.
All of the people who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder have described the events causing
this condition as frightening and stressful. "PTSD develops in about 1 in 3 people who experience
severe trauma" ("Post–traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Causes"). It is a common disorder and
different people come upon it in a variety of ways. In most cases, events responsible for Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder occur in the person's early life and in people who have a history of mental
illnesses such as depression or anxiety. Also, most patients have always had trouble coping with
tragedies and do not have very much support around the time of the trauma ("Post–Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD)"). This condition can develop in different amounts of time following the situation,
depending on the person. It can begin immediately after, weeks, months, or even years later ("Post–
traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Causes"). Examples of the causes entail witnessing violent
deaths, sexual abuse,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
14. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper
WHAT IS POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER? (PTSD)
"For God has not given us a spirit of fear but of power and of love and of sound mind." ( 2 Timothy
1:7, NKJV).
Suppose that each day one of the biggest challenges you face is the fear and pain of leaving the
safety1 and comfort of your home. Presume you fear that elements around you might trigger
flashbacks from your past traumatic experience. Suppose you fear going shopping, to restaurants,
and mingling with crowds. Assume that you fear the possibility of panic attacks and emotional
outburst. Imagine you are stuck in a mire of emotions, grief, depression, and anxiety. Suppose your
old self is gone, and you feel dead inside, without a soul. Suppose an invisible entity is in control of
your life. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2.) Acute stress disorder is characterized by panic, mental confusion, dissociation, severe insomnia,
suspiciousness, and being unable to manage even basic self–care, work, and relationship activities.
(3.) Uncomplicated PTSD Typically involves re–experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance,
emotional numbing, and symptoms of increased arousal.
(4.) Comorbid PTSD usually associated with at least one other major psychiatric disorder such as
depression, alcohol, or substance abuse and anxiety disorders.
(5.) Complex PTSD, exposure to prolonged traumatic circumstances, especially during childhood,
such as childhood sexual abuse.
This mental affliction chains individuals to their past; they become stuck unable to escape the hurt
and pain. This horrible illness attacks the injured party's body spiritually, morally, emotionally,
mentally, and physically.
THE HANNAH DIXON
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
15. Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
Trauma–Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Susan
Teddrick A. McCreary
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology
Trauma–Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
Introduction
Trauma–Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF–CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that
involves conjoint therapy sessions of with the child and the parent. This approach is employed
among children and/or adolescents that are experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties that
are significant and related to life events that are traumatic (Cohen, Mannarino, & Deblinger, 2012).
TF–CBT is a components–based model of treatment that includes intervention that are trauma–
sensitive and cognitive behavioral, family and humanistic therapy ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Q.1
Trauma–Informed Assessment of Susan
Trauma–informed assessment comprises of the evaluation of the means by which the functioning of
a child or youth might have been affected due a traumatic experience (Kerig, 2013). Three
dimensions exist of trauma that the Trauma–Informed assessment might focus on. These include
whether the child or youth has been exposed to events that are potentially traumatizing and whether
displays symptoms that are linked to post traumatic stress. Finally, whether the youth meets the
criteria for a formal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis as indicated in DSM–IV
(Kerig, 2013).
Based on the case study provided Susan has qualifies as a youth that has had a traumatic experience
on all three levels of focus in a trauma–informed assessment. Susan has been exposed to events that
are traumatic. These are, for example, she has been for a long time been sexually abused by her
father and her father frequently physically abused her mother over trivial issues and she even
witnessed her parents fighting to the extent that her mother was hospitalized due to a head injury
inflicted by her father. In addition, Susan displays symptoms that are linked to post traumatic stress
disorder. These include the continuous engagement in daily physical altercations, sleeping
difficulties, development of depression, drug experimentation, and aggressive behavior
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
16. The Benefits Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
The level of stress that come from Traumatic events contribute a series of psycho– emotions and
physiopatholigical consequences. Traumatic stress is a common term for reactive anxiety and
depression, it is an unfortunate experience of everyday life and can arise from exposure to war
crime etc. (PTSD), or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, is a psychiatric disorder that can occur
following the experience or witnessing of a life–threatening events such as military combat, natural
disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood.
PTSD is a relatively recent diagnosis, first becoming a formal diagnostic category. Most people who
suffer from PTSD relive the experience through nightmare at the same time some do survive the
trauma and return to normalcy giving little time, Post Traumatic stress disorder is a very serious
public health concerns that not only need to be address but should compels searcher to deepen their
understanding of the condition and to develop new and improved modes of treatment and
intervention.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
17. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field
of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving.
One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was
first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM–III) in 1980 (Friedman, 2016). The introduction
of PTSD into the DSM–III was a step forward to helping victims of traumatic experiences. To be
able to help people cope with these traumatizing experiences ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These symptoms can come right after the tragic event; however, a lot of times symptoms will take
several months to years to manifest themselves (Anxiety and Depression Association of America,
2016). According to the fifth edition of the DSM, a person must meet the four clusters of intrusive
behavior, repetitive avoidance of events that can be related to the event, a negative impact on
cognitive ability, and a noticeable change in arousal or reactions. These four clusters must cause
significant difficulty or impairment within the persons normal lifestyle. They must also show
symptoms lasting for over a month to be considered for diagnosis of PTSD (American Psychiatric
Association, 2013). Another new topic of discussion with diagnosis of PTSD is whether a new
category should be created for people who were exposed to repeated traumatic experiences over a
long duration. Dr. Judith Herman from Harvard University insists that a new diagnosis be created
for this Complex PTSD. The person diagnosed with Complex PTSD has all the same symptoms of
regular PTSD; however, it also includes more severe symptoms such as their personal view of
themselves can be altered. These can be brought on by child prostitution rings, or Prisoner of War
camps. These symptoms can also lead the individual to feel helpless which then can lead to
becoming depressed. The trauma's faced by somebody can lead to depression and a study of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
18. The Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
Post– Traumatic Stress Disorder Introductory Psychology Psych 1101 – Spring Semester 2015 B.
Moser March 30, 2015 Karen C. Lewis Abstract Imagine your worst nightmare. Now imagine your
worst nightmare relived over and over again, but never being able to get away from the intruding
thoughts about it or flashbacks from it. For someone with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, this is the
everyday hell that they encounter. Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD, is a silent attacker that
at one time was thought to only affect soldiers. But after years of research, doctors began to discover
that it was not just limited to soldiers. In fact, PTSD affects people from all walks of life– adults as
well as children can become victims. Men ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of these trauma survivors up to 20% develop PTSD. Put another way, approximately 13 million
Americans– 5% of the population suffers from PTSD at any given time.(Goulston, 2008 ) Post–
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder acquired when a person becomes a
victim of some form of trauma. Trauma can come in the form of experiencing natural disasters such
as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, or floods. Personal traumas such as being robbed, assaulted,
raped, physically or sexually abused, or tortured can cause PTSD. Those who have suffered extreme
illness such as Cancer and AIDS may experience it. And even those who have watched their loved
ones suffer through extreme illnesses can succumb to the disorder. They suffer what is called a
secondary trauma. It has even been recently discovered that someone viewing media coverage of a
traumatic event can even get PTSD. There were people viewing the live coverage of the 9/11 attacks
in 2001, that triggered the same types of emotional and physical responses as if they were physically
at Ground Zero! Naturally, those who have served in the military– especially those who have
survived wars and gone to combat, are highly at risk for PTSD. So what exactly is a trauma? When
we think of the word trauma we often think of something horrendous, something horrible or really,
really bad. But what actually constitutes something as a trauma and not just a normal everyday
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
19. Traumatic Brain Syndrome in Veterans
Issue: Traumatic Brain syndrome in veterans Introduction: Soldiers returning from combat face a
wide range of challenges in adjusting to civilian life. These challenges are compounded by the high
susceptibility of combat–experienced soldiers to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and
overlapping symptoms of traumatic brain syndrome. As the two articles considered hereafter
demonstrate, the U.S. military has sought better ways of understanding the primary symptoms and
health consequences of traumatic brain syndrome with an interest in driving better outreach and
treatment. The discussion will address the value of both articles in contributing to this aim. Two
Quantitative Studies: The first study due for consideration is that by Truedau et al, published in The
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences in 1998. The study centers on the
aforementioned overlap between sufferers of PTSD and sufferers of traumatic brain injury in order
to determine accurate ways of screening for the latter of these conditions. The study presents a
quantitative assessment of specific medical screening results in order to produce an empirically
sound mode of predicting some of the negative repercussions of untreated traumatic brain injury.
According to Trudeau et al (1998), "combat veterans with a remote history of blast injury have
persistent electroencephalographic features of traumatic brain injury as well as attentional problems.
The authors hypothesize that these constitute a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
20. Healing Emotional Trauma Research Paper
Healing emotional trauma
Emotional wounds are as real as physical bleeding wounds, and can affect every aspect of your life.
You are at risk, regardless if you are a direct victim or somehow exposed to extreme, unpredictable
and uncontrollable life–threatening events such as war, natural disasters, accidents, rape, physical or
sexual assault, kidnapping, domestic violence, workplace or school bullying, physical or emotional
abuse.
PTSD ASD, STS and AD, are clinical conditions associated with traumatic events or post traumatic
stress. Although most people associate these conditions with extreme life–threatening situations, not
everyone with a form of traumatic stress has been through such dangerous events.
Even though the emotional trauma seems to be a highly individual experience, trans–generational
PTSD–like or hereditary trauma and behavioral patterns may be transmitted across generations
through the process of parental epigenetic programming. Thus, traumatic experiences can be passed
down from generation to generation, such that children 6 years and younger may suffer from
preschool PTSD and display similar behavioral issues as their parents, or their ancestors. In a
similar way, complex tragenerational transmitted information helps the fourth–generation of
Monarch butterfly descendants find theyr way and return to exactly the same wintering sites as their
grand–grandparent left the winter before. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specific noises, sounds, images, gestures, words, smells, or thoughts can trigger flashbacks and
fear–controlled irrational behaviors. When the alert trigger is identified, the victim can feel
terrorized in common situations that don't represent any form of real danger to a rational
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
21. Prevention Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
"Prevention of PTSD in Soldiers Returning from Afghanistan/Iraq" seeks to discuss the correct
treatments and solutions to prevent this disorder. The starting point of the discursion is the definition
and actual classification of this disorder, and also the concept of some solutions such as hypnosis as
an option, or solution from a cognitive–behavior perspective. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD) has been really controversial since many years ago now. Nowadays, scientifics and
researchers had proposed a series of several pharmacological treatments that may be helpful to
reduce the impact of trauma exposure. The discussion also includes a number of other psychological
interventions that have been useful in the prevention of PTSD. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When a person is faced with an experience that has to do with personal tragedies, environmental
disasters, or wars, they must continue their lives and cannot do it like before because their emotional
life is altered. It is observed from avoidance behaviors to behaviors both poles of hyperarousal
emotional response limit performance of the person in their life or immediately after the event lived.
Diagnostic
The most widely used instruments for the assessment of symptoms related to PTSD have usually
been self–reports, among which we find two types of assessment tools, interviews and
questionnaires, inventories and scales. Additionally, today researchers have turned their attention to
finding characteristic psychophysiological and neurobiological markers of patients with PTSD. The
community–based studies reveal that the overall prevalence of PTSD ranges are between 1 and
14%, explaining this variability by the diagnostic criteria used and the type of population studied.
(Norris, F., & Slone, L., 2013). In studies of individuals at risk (eg, war veterans, victims of volcanic
eruptions or terrorist attacks) can be found prevalence rates ranging from 3 to 58%. It is estimated
that amounts to 40 percent in very violent neighborhoods.
Treatment
Treatment of PTSD has always been difficult and complex,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
22. Shell Shock And PTSD In Vimy By Vern Thiessen
The Mind at War Men and women, alike, have been fighting for their rights and freedoms over
many centuries. Due to the gruesome acts carried out and witnessed, these wars can inflict
psychological damage to such combatants. Post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition
where one has been traumatized by something in their past. This ordeal disrupts sleep and causes the
continuous vivid recollection of the upsetting event on a daily basis for the victims (Jones 17).
Countless times, these soldiers return to their families and friends totally changed. In the First World
War, PTSD was unrecognized and was poorly diagnosed as shell shock, which is a term discussed
multiple times in the play Vimy by Vern Thiessen. The men in her play faced ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Shell shock and PTSD are very similar when symptoms are concerned. Shell shock is considered to
be "an intellectual forerunner to PTSD" according to Doctor Stephen Joseph from the University of
Nottingham (Joseph). PTSD is defined by a modern criterion created by the American Psychiatric
Association. The first set of criteria includes either exposure to death, threatened death, serious
injury, or sexual violence in some way (Jones 19). The second criterion involves re–living the
experience either through nightmares, flashbacks, upsetting memories, or other occurrences. There
must be a stimulus causing the re–experiencing of the trauma (American Psychiatric Association).
The person must have, according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs, negative thoughts or
feelings and trauma–related provocation and reactivity that began or are worsened after the trauma
(American Psychiatric Association). These symptoms must last for over one month, cause distress
or impairment to the person, and must not be the result of substance use or medication (American
Psychiatric Association). If all these are met, then the USA declares the person to have PTSD and
are counseled. This was not the case in the First World War. Thiessen depicts this in her play, Vimy,
most noticeably when Clare speaks to Laurie. Clare brings up the topic and immediately Laurie
becomes upset. He demonstrates multiple PTSD symptoms such as upsetting memories, re–
experiencing trauma, negative thoughts about his life, long–lasting symptoms, and he is clearly
distressed. Clare, the nurse, is frightened by what Laurie has experienced, but does nothing to help
because she does not know how. He clearly states: "You're not just getting me. You're getting all
the... mess what's inside me now. And it ain't never going to leave" (Thiessen 16). PTSD is
something that will haunt Laurie for the rest of his
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
23. In-Depth Study of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
POST–TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ABSTRACT: This article represents an in–depth study
of Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD in a holistic context. The main focus of this research is on
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder from the physiological perscective. PTSD is a response mechanism
of the mind to an actual or perceived traumatic event. Research has shown that cognitive factors,
anxeity, and injuries for example due to car crashes are linked to and often responsible for Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder. However, research has shown that traumatic events such as war or any
type of abuse are probably one of the major causes of PTSD. This article reveals the history of
PTSD taking into account the time of World War One as well as theories proposed by Sigmund
Freud and Pierre Janet. Initially, PTSD was a condition that was closely associated with military
personnel alone. However, recent understanding of the physiology of the condition and modern
circumstances has led PTSD to become a common diagnosis amongst the general population as
well. Today, all races and age groups suffer from this condition. Researchers have across various
medications that provide a relief from the post traumatic stress disorder. This paper will conclude
with a look at some of the treatment for PTSD. Introduction: Factors Leading to PTSD Following an
unusual and an unexpected event that is stressful one may develop characteristic symptoms that may
differ slightly from person to person. PTSD is a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
24. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )
Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relation to Military Service Members Brianna C. Smith
Paine College Abstract This paper explores post–traumatic stress and how it is seen as a disorder.
Post–traumatic stress can manifest into post–traumatic stress disorder. The evaluation and review
books and articles seem to reveal a relation to these symptoms and military member, either active or
non–active veterans. These symptoms do not manifest strictly into the full–extent of the disorder in
all cases of military, however, things such as depression and other physical symptoms are discussed
through the readings. The end result is that we discovered that through the readings PTSD will in
fact lead to suicide if left untreated. Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relation to Military
Service Members This paper explores post–traumatic stress and how it is seen as a disorder. Post–
traumatic stress can manifest into post–traumatic stress disorder. According to Sareen (2014), Post–
traumatic stress disorder is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or
DSM–5 as having 4 core features that are as follows. First, the person must witness or experience a
stressful event. Secondly, the person or persons would re–experience symptoms of the event that
include nightmares and/or flashbacks. The person or persons would also have hyper arousal
symptoms, such as concentrations problems, irritability, and sleep disturbance. The final core
feature dictates
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
25. What Are Invisible Wounds Of War?
What are invisible wounds of war? Compare and contrast the differences between PTSD and TBI.
Discuss treatment for these two injuries, including the role of social workers. Ann Lee California
State University, Sacramento Social work 191 Professor Lial March 12, 2016 Invisible wounds of
war Invisible wounds of war are psychological and cognitive injuries; a deep scar that others cannot
see or feel their pain. According to Pryce, Pryce, and Shackelford (2012), War produces
undetectable injuries, and the present wars bear this out. The mark undetectable injuries connected
with the present clashes require huge and frequently long haul treatment and rearrangement and
reintegration of the war veteran to society (pg.11). Within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Numerous others endure physical injuries and wounds that are not generally noticeable. On account
of changes in clearing strategies, body defensive player, and war zone prescription, numerous which
might have kicked the bucket, can now be spared. A significant number of these injuries are
regularly joined by tireless physical torment, and might frequently be confounded by Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Depression. Seeing the demise and harm of companions and associates
can turn out to be both mentally and physically harming. Untreated or undertreated, these
imperceptible injuries can influence the person, as well as their families and parental figures too.
They can affect physically, psychosocially, financially, and profoundly, taking without end personal
satisfaction. Compare and contrast the differences between PTSD and TBI Base on Pryce, Pryce,
and Shackelford (2012), PTSD was first defined in the American Psychiatric Association's
diagnostic and statistic Manual three, DSM three in 1980. PTSD suffers can be affected emotionally,
cognitively, biologically, and behaviorally. All of which combine to negatively affect interpersonal
relationships with family and friends. Veterans with PTSD can suffer secondary traumatic stress or
vicarious trauma that can result to divorce and domestic violence. PTSD is an uneasiness issue that
can create after presentation to a startling occasion or experience in which grave
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
26. Psychological Disorder Essay
1. What is a psychological disorder, and what differentiates abnormal behavior from normal
behavior? Psychological disorder or a mental disorder is like a pattern of behavior that is not
common in most people, it also causes significant personal distress and stop people from acting
normally or have them react or not being about to function properly. Abnormal behavior is
overreactions, untraditional behavior, aggressiveness ability to comprehend direction and order. 2.
How does pathological anxiety differ from normal anxiety? The differences between normal anxiety
and pathological anxiety is that pathological cannot be controlled and be more of a problem than the
normal anxiety. A pathological anxiety is irrational, uncontrollable, and disruptive. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some common obsessions and compulsions are pressing a button various times, organizing anything
with labels certain ways, or constantly counting or repeating things out loud. Some more common
obsessions are counting, washing, sexual thoughts and many more. 5. What factors contribute to the
development of mood disorders? Genetic predispositions, stress, and disruptions in the brain and the
have been known to affect depression. Some factors that contribute to the development of mood
disorders are that sometimes it is passed on by blood or genes sometimes the brain does not have
certain chemicals and that always makes people have disorders. Traumatic events, even minor ones
can trigger the disorder to worsen or can be created. 6. What four key features define anorexia
nervosa? The four key features that define anorexia nervosa are all based on the way we look at our
bodies.1.The person refuses to maintain a minimally normal body weight. 2. The person being
dangerously underweight is intensely afraid of gaining weight or becoming fat. 3. The person has a
distorted perception about the size of their body, looking at themselves and seeing themselves as
obese or fat but actually not. 4. Denial of the seriousness of the actual weight they are. All of which
are how one like at their body and what they think about
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
27. War In Tim O Brien's The Things They Carried
Going to war is scary and sometimes traumatizing. It can affect men and woman for several of years
afterwards, even until death. You cannot just erase what these men and woman have witnessed and
been through. These brave souls have to carry the embarrassment, the shame, and the guilt with
them forever. Going to war, and having to do all the horrific things soldiers do, can cause them to
have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. When away from home and out into a horrific world soldiers
tend to think more of the actual world, and imagine what they could be doing instead of what they're
actually doing at the moment, and that gets them sidetracked. While not paying attention, other
soldiers from near them or in their group are put into danger. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Men and woman carry an extra 100–150 pounds on their back. They carry jackets, pants, grenades,
guns, personal items, etc. But where it weighs the most is up top. The emotional baggage they carry
is heavier than the extra weight on their backs. Soldiers have to deal with the embarrassment, and
the shame and guilt they felt inside. After Ted Lavender was shot dead, Jimmy Cross felt shame, and
he hated himself. He had been focusing on someone who wasn't there with him, someone who didn't
even understand what was going on in his world. Cross had loved Martha more than his own men,
and in consequence Lavender was no longer there and he had to carry the burden of his death. "They
carried the soldier's greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they
were embarrassed not to. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place, nothing
positive, no dreams of glory or honor, just the blush of dishonor. They died so as not to die of
embarrassment." Men went to war out of embarrassment, they had fear of embarrassing themselves,
their families, and their town if they fled. They forever carry this with them, because they cannot
just take the memory of them being there out of their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
28. Analysis Of ' Pearl 's Universe '
Duha Salamah Professor Kolkachian 20 October 2015 PSYC1A Pearl's Universe Cartoon Network's
Steven Universe is a lovable children's show that is quickly gaining immense popularity as well as
ell–deserved praise due to the show's avid representation of women, queer individuals, and people
of color. Pearl, a protagonist on the show, is one of the powerful Rose Quartz' closest followers as
well as one of the last Gems on Earth to survive the war between the Crystal Gems (Rose's army)
and the Homeworld Gems. Gems are a species that are characterized by their corresponding
gemstone (Pearl's gemstone is a pearl, while Rose's is a quartz). All Gems are sexless and there
seems to be an absence of sexual dimorphism in the species, however all Gems seem to have traits
that are commonly associated with human femininity and actively respond to the pronouns "she"
and "her" aside from Steven, who is Rose's half human–half Gem son. Pearl lives with and fights
along Garnet and Amethyst, the only other two Crystal Gems that survived the war, and Steven,
Rose's son. It is abundantly clear that Pearl was/is still in love with Rose, proudly crediting herself
as Rose's "sole confidant" and making sure her every act is for Rose and her legacy. Pearl's love for
Rose eventually grows to the point of obsessive recklessness, continuously sacrificing herself and
convincing herself that she does not matter all for Rose's sake. The slight mention of her can send
Pearl into a flurry of emotions, from
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
29. The Horrific World of Bullying Essay
On January 23, 2014, Michael Morones, an 11–year–old from Raleigh, North Carolina, attempted to
take his own life by hanging himself. This attempt failed, and he is now in the hospital with severe
brain, heart and lung injuries. Why did he try to take his own life? Michael is a huge fan of My
Little Pony and is a proud member of the Bronies, or Bro–Ponies club. He has been made fun of and
taunted by his classmates for this reason. He was told that it doesn't matter what anyone else thinks,
but that didn't stop it from bothering him and leading him to attempt suicide. This isn't the only
incident that has happened. In grades 6–12, 28 percent of students say they have experienced
bullying; 20 percent of them being in grades 9–12 alone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Punching, kicking, hitting, pushing, and tripping are all characteristics of such bullying.
Cyberbullying has become one of the biggest problems in bullying for the 21st century because of
the new technology that has developed. Cyberbullying is bullying using technology or social
networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter. "Cyberbullying often violates the terms of service
established by social media and internet service providers" (Report Cyberbullying). Bullying can
happen anywhere at anytime. The most common places where bullying happens is at school, at
work, on a bus, on the playground and the internet. Bullying happens 24/7. It can happen during
school or work, after school or work, traveling to or from school or work, or even in the comfort of
your own home. A lot of times bullies become bullies because their home life isn't the most ideal.
When a child is pushed around or made fun of at home, he or she may adopt that behavior and
exhibit it toward others. "In a culture that is fascinated with winning, power and violence, some
experts suggest that it is unrealistic to expect that people will not be influenced to seek power
through violence in their own lives" (Why Do People) A lot of children experience bullying because
of the way they look or act. Overweight is one of the most commonly known reasons for being
bullied. Another very common reason is being what the bully would consider "ugly" or unattractive.
Not having very many friends or being
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
30. How Jessica 's Early Upbringing Impact Her Current Situation?
605 Assignment 2: Quiz – Essay Question Two University of Southern California Francis Sizer Dr.
Doni Whitsett November 13, 2014 Question 2: Jessica, a 24 year old, who grew up experiencing
child sexual abuse now finds herself involved in an abusive relationship with her live–in boyfriend.
She has been living with her current abusive situation for four years. She has tried to leave the
situation before, but has returned to her boyfriend each time. She demonstrates a wide range of
symptomology from hyper–vigilance to dissociation. She is at times tearful and agitated and at other
times she is distant as if "in a dream." A. How might Jessica's early upbringing impact her current
situation? Jessica's early upbringing impacts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This style is also more likely to be the recipient of abuse. The fearful style also has an unlovable
presentation of self and can show itself as either the perpetrator or recipient in partner violence. I
believe that Jessica's childhood directly impacted her inability to recognize her need to self–protect
and understand that she does not "deserve" this type of behavior from her current boyfriend. She
cannot recognize this because she feels she is undeserving, unlovable and "bad." If Jessica had a
secure attachment to her caregivers as a child, she would have the foundation for optimal mental
health and resilience which is a protective factor against the development of trauma (Solomon &
Siegel, 2003). Using concepts of Fairbairn's object relations theory, Jessica is attracted to the
exciting object as indicated in the asynchronous materials on the virtual academic center. The ideal
objects, Jessica's parents, were supposed to nurture and care for her; they did not meet those needs.
Jessica longs for acceptance and approval. In her internal world, Jessica experienced
disappointments with her external objects. She created internal objects that compensated for the
deficits of her parents. As a child, Jessica was in a state of helplessness and dependence to her
parents (objects) and she needed to see them as good. As a result, in order to cope with the anxiety
she feels, she split off the negative aspects and repressed them
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
31. Natural Disasters
Zyy06mku SWK
Psychological Consequences of Earthquakes
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and cyclones, floods, and tornadoes are some of
the traumatic experiences that may cause posttraumatic stress disorders. This type of disorders and
other disaster related psychological problems are prevalent after natural disasters. As a result it is
important to analyse those individuals that develop psychological problems especially to prepare
and plan interventions both in the short and long term after disaster (Coşkun, Coşkun, 2000, p: 68).
Earthquakes have quickly become one of the most highlighted natural disasters. Unlike other natural
disasters, earthquakes occur without warning, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the same year on 21 September 1999, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale
struck Taiwan. The Chi–Chi earthquake caused more than 2.300 deaths, injured more than 8.000
people, and damaged or destroyed more than 100.000 homes and many survivors showed the
symptoms of disorders and post traumatic stress disorders (Chen et al., 2007). Researches showed
that the rates of post traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and minor psychiatric morbidity in
the early stage after the Chi–Chi earthquake were 37%, 16%, and 89.9%, respectively (Chen et al.,
2001 p:13). On the other hand another study showed that the psychiatric disorder among Chi–Chi
earthquake survivors within 6 months of the disaster reported that the prevalence rates of post
traumatic stress disorders and major depression were 7.9% and 9.5% respectively (Chou et al.,
2005). The risk factor of post traumatic stress disorder included female sex, lower educational level,
and greater trauma exposure (Lai et al., 2004). In the research Chen et al. found that two year follow
up of the Chi–Chi earthquake stressed on that the long term impact of a major disaster on the
survivors. They also found that the prevalence of psychiatric problems after a severe earthquake in
Taiwan was comparable with the post disaster rate reported elsewhere (Chen et al., 2007) and can be
compared with the earthquake in Turkey in same year.
Another natural occurrence happened in the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
32. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a very serious and debilitating condition that occurs
after a person has been exposed to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical danger
happened or was threatened. The kinds of traumatic events triggering PTSD in people include
violent personal assaults (rape, mugging), natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes), man–made
disasters (bombings), accidents or military combat. People who suffer from PTSD often relive the
experience through nightmares and flashbacks, have difficulty sleeping, and feel detached or
estranged, and these symptoms can be severe enough and last long enough to significantly impair a
person's daily life. PTSD is a complicated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rates of PTSD are much higher in post–conflict settings such as Algeria (37%), Cambodia (28%),
Ethiopia (16%), and Gaza (18%)(de Jong et al., 2001).
The first stressor criterion specifies that a person has been exposed to a catastrophic event involving
actual or threatened death or injury. The second criterion, or intrusive recollection, includes
symptoms that are distinctive and easily identified of PTSD. These emotions manifest in daytime
fantasies, traumatic nightmares, and psychotic reenactments know as flashbacks. The third criteria,
avoidant/numbing, consists of symptoms that reflect behavioral, cognitive, or emotional strategies
the PTSD patients use in an attempt to reduce the likelihood that they will expose themselves to
trauma–related stimuli. The fourth criteria, hyper–arousal, most closely resembles those seen in
panic and generalized anxiety disorders. While symptoms such as insomnia and irritability are
generic anxiety symptoms, hyper–vigilance and startle are more characteristic of PTSD. The fifth
criteria, duration, specifies how long symptoms must persist in order to qualify for a PTSD
diagnosis. The last criteria, functional significance, specify that the survivor must experience
significant social, occupational, or other distress as a result of these symptoms. Since 1980, there
has been a great deal of attention devoted
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
33. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Paper
Among the most common of mental health conditions is post–traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and
depression. Furthermore, PTSD can lead to severe physiological and psychological changes that are
significantly increased when this trauma isn't caught in its early stages. These traumas have a great
impact on the patient's personalities and perceptions. Therefore, there are different types of
treatments that can be implemented accordingly to the patient to improve their psychological
condition, and avoid unfavorable results on their mental health.
Introduction Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is something that many of us have heard of before but
do not know the main details of, Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will help the family's work through these issues and connect better. Medication is occasionally
suggested to people with PTSD to get rid of subordinate symptoms of depression or anxiety. In spite
of the fact that antidepressants may help you feel less sad, anxious, or on edge, they do not treat the
causes of PTSD.
As a final point, is EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) consists of essentials
of cognitive–behavioral therapy with eye movements or other forms of rhythmic stimulation. These
work by relaxing the brain's information processing system, which is disturbed in extreme trauma
events.
Conclusion As stated in this article's explanations of causes behind PTSD, we clarified that the main
cause is referenced to a traumatic event that causes severe emotional damage. Anxiety and
depression seem to be the two main symptoms of PTSD, even though these symptoms of PTSD can
be treated with medication, the actual cause for PTSD cannot. However, many people with PTSD go
through several forms of therapy to help work through their difficulties and can help make
communication between loved ones a lot
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
34. Invisible Injury Essay
When Post Traumatic Stress Disorder first hits, veterans deal with numerous side effects, such as
anger, anxiety, fatigue or depression. PTSD has always been an extremely complex topic to
comprehend. The injuries faced by these victims do not reflect those of someone who had been shot
or, hit by a blast, but it is something that nobody can see. It is what the Lone Survivor foundation
calls an "Invisible Injury" (Education:LSF). Although it can look as if one with PTSD is normal,
their minds are not. Although some may think PTSD is not a large–scale problem for veterans,
"Researchers estimate that between 7% and 20% of veterans of the recent wars have suffered PTSD
at some point" (Zarembo). Even though 7% or 20% is only a fraction of the overall ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He mentioned, "I was afraid how army leadership would react if I had that on my record" (Huerta).
Huerta, like many members of the military feared judgment from higher ranking officers, putting his
life in danger so he would not seem "weak". He believed that it would hurt future opportunities for
his advancement, thus it led to his negative impacts on himself and his family. Understandably so,
we as regular civilians do not understand the trauma caused by active duty soldiers, or the after
effects they face when attempting to assimilate back into the country. Huerta had the same
symptoms common in PTSD that he did not understand or seek help for at first. He described his
symptoms explaining, "[he] felt a tightness in [his] chest, It was hard to breathe, [he] felt closed in
and panicky" (Huerta). It is common for someone who faced large scale damage to feel this way
after the war. To some, including Carlos, the pain is as severe as a heart attack, and changes how the
veteran lives their life on a day–to–day basis. Although veterans may come back looking unscathed,
PTSD affects the soldier's mind often leading to severe complications that can be
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
35. Dreaming and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: The Connection
Introduction According to the dictionary diagnosis in PsychCentral, Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder
is defined as a "debilitating mental disorder that follows experiencing or witnessing an extremely
traumatic, tragic, or terrifying event" (PTSD Info & Treatment, 2013). While this definition
describes the general definition of PTSD, the DSM–IV states that the criteria for being diagnosed
with PTSD varies between a person who "experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event
or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical
integrity of self or others" and/or "the person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or
horror" (DSM–IV, Appendix E). Such experiences can include various ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Because this process in the brain is so sensitive, lots of things can alter it and mess with the
"creation and storage" as well everything that makes the thinking part of the brain conscious
(Howard & Crandall, page 10). If something does interfere or disrupt with the regulatory processes
of the brain, such as danger, or any traumatic experience in this case, the amygdala determines that
danger is present. Trauma will trigger the "flight or fight" sequence as well as set off stress
hormones that raise adrenaline, including blood pressure and heart rate. While one interference,
depending on the amount of fear a person has, may not hurt the brain at once, "if the trauma is
prolonged, extreme or repetitive, it can physically injure the brain" (Howard & Crandall, page 14).
In the process of damaging the brain, there will be damages done to the automatic system as well,
including disturbances in sleep, such as dreams or nightmares. Trauma and Dreams Because the
brain is now "injured", trauma can eventually turn into PTSD through the body becoming "stuck" in
the alert stage brought on by the amygdala, or in "hyperarousal" (Herman, 1997), which keeps the
body from creating a balanced combination of chemicals in the brain and between the systems in the
body. While we know that most dreams correlating with PTSD are usually reenactments or similar
situations to the experience of trauma they have had themselves, why is it that these memories are
connected
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
36. The Negative Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
When a man or a women returns from a combat deployment overseas they come and everyone is
happy to see them, and this has been happening since the war in Iraq and Afghanistan wars started.
But what they don't realize is that that man or woman may not be so happy to be home but they
don't quite understand why. After past wars such as World War I this type of thing was called war
fatigue and they were told they were fine. But this isn't the cause in many men and women returning
home from today's wars. Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder can result from a number of different
traumatic events, but the intensity and duration of some people's reactions can be quite different but
that also has many factors. The negative effects of Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder is affecting
families and the effects it has on families of patients. Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder isn't
something new that has just appeared it's something people have been dealing with for as long as we
have understood what it really is. When a father or a mother comes home from war, their children
might not understand why mom or dad is always angry now or why they yell so much, verbal abuse
and physical abuse is something that has become very common in people with PTSD. With this the
spouse or loved one may suffer the same or similar abuse while just trying to care for a loved one
not understanding why they may be this way. Another one of many ways PTSD is affecting family's
is the divorce rates have gone up and a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
37. Trauma Reflection
Rebecca Frey, in her article Trauma, defines the term 'trauma' in two different ways. The first idea of
trauma is used in the physical sense, to mean a tangible injury on one's body, while the second idea
of trauma is used to mean "damage to the mind and emotions resulting from a single event or series
of experiences." She mentions that trauma is usually caused by an overwhelming experience that
affects one's capability to cope with the memories and the feelings that they connect to the specific
traumatic event. Typical symptoms for experiences of trauma include: changes in typical behavioral
acts, complete withdrawal from social situations, pacing and agitated muscle movements,
difficulties functioning cognitively, nightmares and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While trauma itself does not necessarily lead to these sufferings, those who have experienced a
traumatic event could possibly experience a trauma disorder, which will include many of the above–
mentioned symptoms. Frey identifies disorders like Post–traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress
Disorder, and Complex Traumatic Stress Disorder, as possible causes for many of those sufferings.
Shockingly, Frey mentions how somewhere between 50% and 90% of all North Americans will
experience a traumatic experience in their life, but only 7%–8% of people in North America will
ever develop Post–traumatic Stress Disorder. It is important to note, however, that Post–traumatic
Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is only one type of trauma/stress disorder, and there are many more
disorders that those survivors could potentially develop. Bipolar affective disorder:
John Harris and Vicky White describe Bipolar affective disorder, more commonly referred to as
bipolar disorder, as a mood disorder that is distinguished through a cycling between manic, or 'high',
and depressed, or 'low', moods. Dr. Raymond Leung describes mania as "a persistent elation in
mood and increase[s] in energy levels for at least one week" and depression as a "low mood and [a]
loss of interest or pleasure in most activities for at least 2 weeks". There is oftentimes a period of
relative stability
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
38. Psychological Effects Of Complex Traum Making A Case For...
Rachael Wandrey COURSE ASSIGNMENT DATE Treating the Psychological Effects of Complex
Trauma: Making a Case for Narrative Exposure Therapy Defining Complex Trauma Complex
trauma is a term that was established to differentiate traumas that occur repeatedly from traumas that
happen in only one instance (herein referred to as "simple trauma"; Coutois, 2008). For instance,
complex trauma is typically referred to in the context of abusive childhoods wherein the child
experiences repeated traumatic events (e.g., physical or sexual abuse) over the course of their
childhood. Often the trauma will occur in parent–child relationships leaving the victim under the
control of the perpetrator (Herman, 1992). However, complex trauma is not limited to family
violence, but can include other prolonged traumatic experiences, such as concentration camps and
torture (Williams, 2006). Some researchers have argued that victims of complex trauma experience
different psychological challenges than those who are victimized in one isolated incident (e.g.,
armed robbery). Coutois (2008) delineated seven problem areas that she believes are related to
repeated early interpersonal trauma (i.e., complex trauma): 1) alterations in the regulation of
affective impulses, 2) alterations in attention and consciousness, 3) alterations in self–perception, 4)
alterations in perception of the perpetrator, 5) alterations in relationships to others, 6) somatization
and/or medical problems, 7) alterations in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
39. Introduction. In This Paper, I Am Going To Talk About Acute
Introduction
In this paper, I am going to talk about Acute Stress Disorder and how it affects the daily lives of
people who have it. What exactly is Acute Stress Disorder? According to Steve Bressert, a doctor in
philosophy, ASD is:
Acute Stress Disorder is characterized by the development of severe anxiety, dissociative, and other
symptoms that occurs within one month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor (e.g.,
witnessing a death or serious accident). As a response to the traumatic event, the individual develops
dissociative symptoms. Individuals with Acute Stress Disorder have a decrease in emotional
responsiveness. (Bressert, 2016)
Discussing Acute Stress Disorder
The psychological disorder Acute Stress Disorder is a form of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ASD in Adults
It is known that 80% of adults in the United States have experienced trauma at least once in their
lives. I simply cannot imagine an adult going through this, but it must be more difficult for children
to overcome it. It is not common for older adults to develop ASD, as they have most likely learned
how to cope with stressful events. Experiencing a traumatic event at a young age can most likely
lead to developing ASD in adulthood. ASD in adulthood can easily develop into a more complex
psychological disorder known as PTSD. A treatment that can help adults is Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy, which can reduce the trauma. This treatment is usually used and is more effective in
children rather than adults. Another type of treatment is Eye Movement Desensitisation and
reprocessing, (EMDR). EMDR is a type of therapy treatment that can help people recover from their
emotional distress in life. This type of therapy has been proven to be very effective in most cases,
and is still used.
ASD in Children
According to the website Minddisorders.com, children do in fact suffer from ASD, but not as much
as adults do. For example:
Very little is known about the prevalence of ASD or PTSD in children, and even less is known how
effectively medications and psychotherapy treat these disorders in this age group. There are as yet
no standardized screens or diagnostic interviews in widespread use for assessing either ASD or
PTSD in children, although a Child Post–Traumatic
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...