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101 102
- 1. International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0975-3486, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/30097;VoL.III *ISSUE-31
April, 2012
iw.kZr% xkW/khoknh fopkjksa ls ;qDr y{eh vkJe dh LFkkiuk 5 laLFkk dk eq[; mn~n'; LFkk;h jpukRed dk;ksZ ds vykok]
s
fnlEcj] 1946 dks dkSlkuh ¼ftyk&vYeksMk½ esa ljyk cgu
+ lekt esa O;kIr leL;kvksa 'kks"k.k vU;k; ds fy, izfrdkj ds
rFkk buds dqN vU; lg;ksxh vkpk;Z d`iykuh] 'kkfUr yky fy, vkUnksyu pykuk gSA Hkwnku o xzkenku vkUnksyu ds ckn
f=osnh] xaxk nsoh tks'kh] nqxkZ nsoh iUr] d`".kkuUn 'kkL=h] mRrjk[k.M esa 1967 esa gq, e|&fu"ks/k vkUnksyu esa Hkh vkJe
fofiu ukjk;.k 'kekZ] rkjk ik.Ms;] iw.kkZuUn luoky vkfn ds us efgyk 'kfDr dh fe'kky dks iznf'kZr fd;kA4 mÙkjk[k.M
iz;klksa ls gqb]Z vkSj bl laLFkk dk iw.kZ uke ^^dLrwjck efgyk vikj [kfutksa dk Hk.Mkj gS] ;gkW¡ dh cs'kdherh [kfutksa ij
mRFkku e.My dqekÅW** y{eh vkJe j[kk x;kA ;g laLFkk pan ekfQ;kW iwWthifr;ksa us ;gkW dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr rFkk
vukFk] cslgkjk efgykvka]sa vlgk; cky fo/kokvksa dks vkJ; izkd`frd oSKkfud igyqvksa dks lksps le>s fcuk vewY;
nsrh gSA bl laLFkk dh izkjfEHkd 'kq:vkr 3&4 yM+fd;ks]a ,d izkd`frd lEink ds vfu;af=r voSKkfud nksgu dk flyflyk
f'kf{kdk] ,d x`g ekrk ¼dke djus okyh½ o ,d pkSdhnkj 'kq: djok fn;kA mÙkjk[k.M esa ik;k tkus okyk eq[; [kfut
ls gqbA1 bl laLFkk dk eq[; mn~n'; yM+fd;ksa dks izR;sd {ks=
Z s gS [kfM+;k iRFkj ¼lks; LVksu½ ftlds [kqnku ls igkM+kas esa e`nk
esa vkRefuHkZj cukuk gS] ftlds fy, mUgsa ;gkW ij d`f"k vijnu tehu f[kldus rFkk HkwL[kyu dk tcjnLr [krjk
i'kqikyu] drkbZ] cqukbZ] flykbZ] gLrf'kYi] ikd dyk vkfn gksrk gSA mÙkjk[k.M ds bl izFke [kuu fojks/kh vkUnksyu esa
dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gSA vkt Hkh bl vkJe esa ljyk cgu ds jk/kk cgu us Hkkxhnkjh djrs gq, [khjkdksV ¼vYeksMk½ rFkk
+
fopkjksa dks ize[krk nh tkrh gSA bl laLFkk dh LFkkiuk ds
q pkSMkLFky ¼didksV½ esa efgykvksa dks laxfBr djds [kuu ds
+
Bhd nks o"kZ i'pkr gh 1948 esa bl laLFkk }kjk gq, dk;ksaZ dk fojks/k esa ,frgkfld tu&vkUnksyu pyk;kA ;g mÙkjk[k.M
C;kSjk j[kk x;k vkSj nks o"kZ ds vUrjky esa gh Nk=kvksa rFkk dk igyk [kuu fojks/kh vkUnksyu FkkA5
deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k nqxuh gks x;h] ftlesa 16 yM+fd;k¡W] 4
q izR;sd 5 fnlEcj dks bl vkJe dh LFkkiuk fnol
efgyk dk;ZdrkZ o ,d vU; f'kf{kdk vk x;hA gj nwljs&rhljs ds :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA ljyk cgu }kjk bl fnu dks
ekg vkt Hkh Nk=kvksa o dk;ZdrkZvksa ds }kjk ^^fot;** vkSj LokoyEcu fnol dk uke fn;k x;k gSA bl fnu efgyk,a
lw;ksn; uked nks gLrfyf[kr if=dk,a izdkf'kr gksrh gS]
Z lkewfgd drkbZ ds lkFk LofufeZr oLrqvksa dh izn'kZuh Hkh
blds vfrfjDr ,d vkSj lkIrkfgd lekpkj i= izdkf'kr yxkrh gSA ;g vkJe vkt Hkh cqfu;knh f'k{kk ij tksj nsrk
gksrk gS] ftlesa vkJe ifjlj ds lekpkjksa ds vykok xkWo] gSA Nk=kvksa vkSj dk;ZdrkZvksa }kjk O;fDrxr fodkl o laLFkk
ns'k&fons'kksa dh [kcjsa gksrh gSAa ds fodkl ls lEcfU/kr fyf[kr if=dkvksa dks izn'kZuh esas j[kk
vkJe ds nSfud dk;ksZ dh fu;fer fnup;kZ gS] tkrk gSA y{eh vkJe viuh 64 o"kZ dh yEch ;k=k iwjh djrs
ftudk ikyu djuk gj vkJeoklh dk vfuok;Z drZO; gSA2 gq, vkt Hkh vius y{; dks lkeus j[krs gq, cqfu;knh f'k{kk
bl laLFkk ds 'kq:vkr esa yM+fd;kW dHkh Hkh vkJe esa izo'k s ij tksj nsrk gSA6 blds vfrfjDr vkJe esa O;ogkfjd izofÙk;k¡
`
ys ldrh Fkh ijUrq orZeku esa izo'k ds fy, le; lqfuf'pr
s Hkh egRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krh gSA d`f"k vkSj m|ksx'kkyk u;h rkyhe
dj fn;k x;k gSA ;gkW ij yM+fd;ksa dks viSy o ebZ ekg esa
z dh f'k{kk esa LokoyEcu ds vk/kkj gSA xks'kkyk ls nw/k] [ksrksa
izo'k fn, tkrs FksA 10oha d{kk dh i<+kbZ ds ckn vkxs dh i<+kbZ
s ds fy, [kkn] xkscj xSl la;= ls jlksbZ xSl miyC/k gksrh
Nk=k,sa O;fDrxr rjhds ls djrh gSA blhfy, vkJe mUgsa vuZ gSA d`f"k esa lfCt;kW¡] rqylh] gYnh dk mRiknu dj mi;ksx
,oa yuZ dh f'k{kk nsrk gSA i<+kbZ ds ckn izR;sd Nk=k rhu ds mijkUr vfrfjDr vukt dh fcØh Hkh dh tkrh gS] orZeku
lky lg;ksx ds :i esa vkJe dks nsrh gSA ;g lg;ksx ,d esa ;gkW¡ ij foosdkuUn d`f"k vuqlU/kku'kkyk ds lg;ksx ls
f'kf{kdk ds ;k vU; dk;kZy; lEcU/kh dk;Z ds :i esa gks ldrk e'k:e mRiknu dk dk;Z Hkh gks jgk gS] nwljh vksj Nk=k,sa
gSA Nk=kvksa ls vJe esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk 'kqYd ugha fy;k drkbZ] vxjcRrh d<+kbZ rFkk iafVax cukus dk dk;Z Hkh djrh
s
tkrk gSA vkJe dh lapkfydk jk/kk cgu ds [kpksZ dk ogu gSA7 bl vkJe dk eq[; mn~n'; jk"Vª ds fy, ,d deZB
s
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr ^^xk¡W/kh 'kfDr izfr"Bku** djrk gSA3 bl vkJe bZekunkj Je'khy ukxfjd rS;kj djuk gSA vkSj blh otg
dk eq[; mn~n'; lekt esa ifjorZu ds fy, dk;Z djuk gSA
s ls lHkh fe=ksa ds oSpkfjd vkfFkZd o uSfrd lg;ksx rFkk vkJe
RESEARCH AN ALYSI S AND EVALU ATION
101
- 2. International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0975-3486, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/30097;VoL.III *ISSUE-31
ds dk;ZdrkZvksa dh esgur ds dkj.k gh y{eh vkJe vius 64 ljyk cgu us xk¡o&xk¡o esa ?kqedj vlgk; ifjokjksa dh en~n
o"kZ dh mez iwjh djrs gq, vHkh Hkh yksxksa esa izj.kk dk lapkj
s dhA13 ;g ns[kdj rRdkyhu ftykf/kdkjh us mUgsa uksfVl fn;k
dj jgk gS vkSj bl izj.kk ds ihNs fuf'pr gh ljyk cgu
s fd os Hkfo"; esa muls fcuk vuqefr ds dgha ugha tk ldrh
ds fopkjksa vkSj vkn'kksZ dk ;ksxnku jgk gS ftUgksus bl vkJe
a gSA14 fczfV'k gqder ds fy, ,d fons'kh efgyk dk Hkkjrh;ksa
w
dh LFkkiuk esa viuh vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA ds fy, ,slh lsok djuk vlguh; Fkk] 1944 esa mUgsa nks ekg
ljyk cgu dk tUe ^xqM ÝkbMs* ds fnu 05 vizSy] dh dSn gqbA blh lky fQj mUgsa Mh0vkbZ0vkj0 ds rgr ,d
Z
lu~ 1901 dks yanu esa gqvk FkkA mudk okLrfod uke dSFkjhu o"kZ dk dBksj dkjkokl gqvkA vYeksMk vkSj y[kuÅ tsy esa
+
eSjh gkbykeu FkkA muds firk fe0 tks0th0 gkbykeu dk jgus ds ckn og 1945 esa tsy ls fjgk gqbA15 fczfV'k ljdkj
Z
tUe LohV~tjyS.M esa gqvk FkkA8 mudk ikyu iks"k.k vkSj us mUgsa vYeksMk dk lcls [krjukd O;fDr dh laKk nh FkhA
+
f'k{kk&nh{kk fczVu esa gh gqbA egkRek xk¡/kh ls izHkkfor gksdj
s Z mÙkjk[k.M esa u'kk fojks/kh vkUnksyu ds nkSjku ljyk cgu us
og 1935 esa Hkkjr vk;h] xk¡/kh th vkSj vkpk;Z d`iykuh ds cgqr dke fd,] dbZ LFkkuksa ij lHkk,a] /kjus] Hkk"k.k] tqyl og
w
fudV lEidZ esa vkus ls jpukRed vkSj lektlsok ds dk;ksZ vk;kstu fd;sA16 1962 esa Hkkjr&phu rFkk 1965 esa
esa tqV x;hA 'kq: esa budk dk;Z {ks= jktLFkku jgkA ogk¡ Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ;q)ksa ds i'pkr Hkkjr ljdkj us lhek {ks=
mn;iqj esa ,d f'k{k.k laLFkku pykus yxhA ckn esa xkW¡/kh th essa muds ,d fons'kh efgyk gksus ds dkj.k tks'kheB tkus vkSj
us o/kkZ esa mUgsa cqfu;knh f'k{k.k laLFkk dk dk;Z lkSi fn;kA
a ?kweus ij izfrca/k yxk fn;k bl ij os ukjkt gqbZ vkSj vUr
ogk¡ ds xje okrkoj.k ls mudk LokLF; fcxM+us yxkA 1941 esa fnlEcj 1966 esa mÙkjk[k.M esa iqu% inkZi.k u djus dk
esa xk¡/khth us mUgsa jpukRed dk;ksZ ds fy, pukSnk vkJe Hkst fu.kZ; ysdj o/kkZ pyh x;hA fnlEcj 1968 esa Hkkjr ljdkj
fn;k] ;gk¡ dh tyok;q muds vuqdy jghA9 egkRek xk¡/kh }kjk
w us muds mÙkjk[k.M esa LorU=rk iwod ?kweus ds izfrca/k dks
Z
gh mudk Hkkjrh; uke ljyk nsoh j[kk x;kA10 gVk fn;kA17 ;|fi Hkkjr ljdkj dk ;g fu.kZ; mldh
1942 esa Hkkjr NksMks vkUnksyu dh xjekgV dqekš
+ vnwjnf'kZrk dk ifjpk;d Fkk fd mlus ljyk ij 'kd fd;k]
ds nwj njkt ds {ks=ksa esa Hkh ekStn Fkh] 8 vxLr ls gh pukSnk
w ftl fons'kh efgyk us Hkkjro"kZ dh LorU=rk rFkk tu&tkxj.k
esa vkUnksyu dh xfrfof/k;k¡ vkjEHk gks pqdh FkhA11 1942 ds gsrq viuk loZLo vfiZr dj fn;k] mlds izfr Hkkjr ljdkj
Hkkjr NksMkas vkUnksyu esa mUgksus pukSnk vkJe esa jgrs gq, Hkkx
+ a a us lang O;Dr fd;k vkSj ân; ls Hkh Hkkjrh; gksus ij Hkh mls
s
fy;kA 2 flrEcj 1942 dks vkJe ds dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fxjrkj fons'kh gh le>kA18 ns'k dh vktknh ds ckn Hkh og yxkrkj
gksus ij og mudh fjgkbZ ds fy, lQsn [kknh diM+ks esa dqekš lekt lsok ls tqMh jgh] fouksok Hkkos ds vkgoku ij og 8
+
dfe'uj ,DVu ls feyus uSuhrky x;h dfe'uj dks ;g ckr lky rd loksn; ds ek/;e ls Hkkjr ds yksxksa dh lsok esa tqVh
Z
lgu ugha gqb]Z og xqLls esa cksyk fd eSa pkgrk gwW¡a fd lkjs jghA ,d fons'kh efgyk us Hkkjr dks nklrk ls eqfDr fnykus
vkJeokfl;ksa dks Qk¡lh ij yVdk;k tk;sA dfe'uj dh esa tks ;ksxnku fn;k og vfoLej.kh; gSA19
/kedh dk bl cgknqj efgyk ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+kA12 Hkkjr mDr reke ckrksa dks ns[kdj ge dg ldrs gSa fd
NksMkas vkUnksyu dh vof/k esa fczfV'k lsuk us iwjs vYeksMk ftys
+ + ljyk cgu LoHkko ls ,d vR;Ur mnkj efgyk Fkh ftlus
esa vkrad QSyk fn;kA dbZ funks"k O;fDr;ksa ij xksfy;k¡ pykbZa
Z fgUnqLrku dh csVh cudj fons'kh gksus ds ckotwn viuk lEiw.kZ
rFkk dbZ yksxksa dks fxjrkj dj fy;k x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa thou Hkkjr ek¡ dh lsok esa lnk ds fy, lefiZr dj fn;kA
1- oS".ko uhek ¼l0½ % gLrfyf[kr if=dk 2007 % i`"B&15 2- HkV~V] jk/kk lapkfydk fnYyh i`"B&98 10-HkV~V] jk/kk lapkfydk % lk{kkRdkj % y{eh vkJe dkSlkuh] ftyk
% lk{kkRdkj % y{eh vkJe dkSlkuh] ftyk vYeksMk] 12&01&2011 3- uSuhrky
+ vYeksMk & 12-01-2011 11- Hkkdquh] ghjk flag % laxkfe;ksa ds ljrkt ia0 cnzhnRr
+ z
lekpkj % ¼fgUnh lekpkj i=½ % 14 ebZ] 2009 i`"B&5 4- HkV~V jk/kk % ØkfUr nsoh] ik.Ms] izdk'k cqd fMiks]cjsyh % cjsyh 1989 i`0 152 12-frokjh] pk: % iwoksDr i`0&37
Z
clarh nsoh % lk{kkRdkj y{eh vkJe] dkSlkuh] ftyk&vYeksMk 12&01&2011 5-
+ 13- cgqx.kk] lqUnj yky % mÙkjk[k.M esa ,d lkS chl fnu % ;qxok.kh izl]nsgjknwu %
q s
Hkkdquh] tkudh % xzke iz/kku 'kSy dkSlkuhA 6-HkV~V jk/kk % ØkfUr nsoh % lk{kkRdkj 7- 1974 i`0&10714-eujky] /keZiky flag % LorU=rk laxke esa dqekÅ¡] x<+oky dk
z
ize % lapkyd m|ksx eafnj dkSlkuh % lk{kkRdkj % 14&02&20118-dSMk] lkfo=h %
s + ;ksxnku lu~ 1857 ls 1947 ¼bZ0½ izdk'k cqd fMiks] cM+k cktkj] cjsyh % 1978%
dqekÅ¡ dh efgykvksa dk jk"Vªh; laxke rFkk LFkkuh; tu vkUnksyuksa esa ;ksxnku 20oh
z i`"B&169 15-frokjh] pk: % iwoksDr i`0&37 16-dSMk] lkfo=h % iwoksDr i`0&443 17-
Z + Z
'krkCnh es]a vizdkf'kr 'kks/k izcU/kd dqekÅ¡ fo0fo uSuhrky 1989] i`"B&439&440 9- xqIrk] nsoUnz dqekj % l0&mÙkj ds f'k[kjksa esa psruk vadj % i`0&135 18-xqIrk] nsoUnz
s q s
frokjh] pk: % gefj fojklr] E;j igkM+] Mh0Mh0,0 ysVl] VksMkiqj] iwlk jksM] ubZ
~ dqekj % mijksDr i`0&170 19-frokjh] pk: % iwoksDr i`0&37
Z
102 RESEARCH AN ALYSI S AND EVALU ATION