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mRrj izns”k esa izkjfEHkd f”k{kk vkSj iapk;rhjkt
xqjfeUnj flag]
fN;kflosa lafoèkku la'kksèku 2002 esa lafoèkku ds [k.M&3 esa ,d u;k vuqPNsn 21&d]
tksM+k x;k gS] ftlesa 6&14 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa dh fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dks mudk ewy
vfèkdkj cuk fn;k x;k gSA 6 ls 14 lky ds lHkh cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk Ánku
fd, tkus gsrq 4 vxLr 2009 dks fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vf/kfu;e&2009
ds :Ik esa ikfjr fd;kA vf/kfu;e dks **fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e
&2009 la[;k&35** Ákf/kdkj ls Á[;kfir fd;k x;k] tks tEew ,oa d'ehj dks NksM+dj ns'k ds
vU; lHkh jkT;ksa esa 1 vÁSy 2010 ls ykxw gSA
fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e&2009 ¼vf/kfu;e la[;k&35 lu~ 2009½
dh /kkjk 38 }kjk ÁnRr 'kfDr dk Á;ksx djds vkSj bl fo"k; ij leLr fo|eku fu;eksa vkSj
vkns'kksa dk vf/kØe.k djds] mi;ZqDr vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds Á;kstu ls
**mRrj Áns'k fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj fu;ekoyh] 2011** 27 tqykbZ] 2011
dks ekuuh; jkT;Ikky dh lgefr ls vf/klwfpr tkjh dh x;h gSA
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku lHkh cPpksa ds mRFkku ds fy, Áfrc) gSA blds vuqPNsn&21 ,] 24] 39 ,oa 45
ns'k esa jgus okys cPpksa dh lqj{kk] f'k{kk o xfjeke; ftUnxh ls lEcfU/kr gSA vuqPNsn 21,&
f”k{kk dk vf/kdkj&6 ls 14 lky rd dh vk;q ds cPpksa dks jkT;] vf/kfu;e }kjk fuf'pr
fu%'kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk Ánku djsxkA vuqPNsn 24& cPpksa dks dkj[kkuksa] vkfn esa jkstxkj nsus
ij Áfrca/kA fdlh dkj[kkus ;k [kku ;k vU; fdlh tksf[ke Hkjs dke esa ugha yxk;k tkuk
pkfg;sA vuqPNsn 39& jkT; dks] fo'ks"k :i ls] ,slh uhfr cukuh pkfg;s tks cPpksa dks lqjf{kr dj
lds rkfd de vk;q ds cPps 'kksf"kr u gksa vkSj vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa ds pyrs fdlh Hkh ukxfjd
dks mudh vk;q ;k 'kfDr ds Áfrdwy fLFkfr;ksa esa u Hkstk tk ldsA vuqPNsn 45& ^^jkT; lHkh
ckydksa ds fy, 6 o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh djus rd izkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk ns[kjs[k vkSj f”k{kk nsus ds
mica/k djus dk iz;kl djsxkA**
fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 2009 ds dk;kZUo;u dh ftEesnkjh
ßleqfpr ljdkjÞ vkSj LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k dks lkSaih x;h gSA bu dk;ksZa dk o.kZu vkj-Vh-bZ-
vf/kfu;e 2009 dh /kkjk 8 vkSj 9 esa fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k dks /kkjk 32
esa mfYyf[kr cky&vf/kdkj ls lacfU/kr f'kdk;rksa ij fopkj djuk gksxk vkSj mudk fuokj.k
djuk gksxkA /kkjk&2 ¼t½ esa ;FkkifjHkkf"kr LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k fuEukuqlkj gksxk&
ßLFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh** ls dksbZ uxj fuxe ;k uxj ifj"kn] ftyk ifj"kn ;k uxj iapk;r
;k iapk;r] pkgs ftl uke ls Kkr gks] vfHkizsr gS vkSj blds vUrZxr fo|ky; ij iz'kklfud
fu;U=.k j[kus okyk fdlh uxj] “kgj ;k xzke esa fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds #i esa dk;Z djus
ds fy, rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k }kjk ;k mlds v/khu l'kDr ,slk vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;k
fudk; Hkh gSAÞ
2
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dh Hkwfedk vf/kfu;e esa Li"Vr% of.kZr dh xbZ gS LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ksa ls dh
tkus okyh vis{kk,a vR;f/kd rFkk pqukSRkhiw.kZ gSaA vr% ;fn ge pkgrs gSa fd LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh bu
pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djsa rks lkekftd laLFkk;sa rFkk iapk;rh jkt ¼ihvkjvkbZ½ ds chp nh?kZdkyhu
lgHkkfxrk LFkkfir dh tkuh t:jh gksxhA lafo/kku ds 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/ku ds ikfjr fd,
tkus ds le; ls ihvkjvkbZ ds lkFk feydj dke dj jgs ,sls laxBuksa dks] ftuds ikl t:jh
ugha gS fd f'k{kk esa dke djus dk vuqHko gks] Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e
2009 esa of.kZr lqfo/kkvksa dh O;oLFkk djus esa ihvkjvkbZ dks ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA
vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e ds fy[ks vuqlkj f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr fd, x, {kqC/k O;fDr;ksa }kjk
/;ku fn, tkus ds fy, ;g igyk Lrj gksxkA blfy, ihvkjvkbZ dkfeZdksa dk izf'k{k.k iznku
djus dk vuqHko izkIr gSA bu dkfeZdksa ds izf'k{k.k vkSj iqu% izf'k{k.k ds fy, ftykf/kdkfj;ksa dks
,d O;kid ;kstuk rS;kj djuh gksxhA jkT; ljdkjksa dks blds lkFk&lkFk ;g lqfuf'pr djuk
pkfg, fd iapk;r jkt laLFkkuksa dks leqfpr #i ls lg;ksftr fd;k tk, ftlls fd LFkkuh;
izkf/kdj.k vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius dk;ksZa dk fuokZg dj ldsA
vkj-Vh-bZ] 2009 /kkjk 6 esa Li’V fd;k gS fd leqfpr ljdkj o LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh bl vf/kfu;e
ds izkjEHk ls rhu o"kZ dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ,sls {ks= ;k vkl&ikl dh ,slh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj tks
fofgr dh tk;s] tgk¡ fo|ky; bl izdkj LFkkfir ugha gS] ,d fo|ky; LFkkfir djsaxsA &
**LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh vFkkZr ;FkkfLFkfr xzke iapk;r@ uxj fuxe@ uxj ikfydk@ uxj iapk;r
fdlh iM+kslh fo|ky; dks fpfUgr djsxk] tgkW ckydksa dks izos'k fnyk;k tk lds rFkk izR;sd
cLrh ds fy;s viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj ,slh lwpuk dks lkoZtfud djsxkA** ¼1½ ikl iM+ksl dk
{ks= ;k lhek] ftlds vUrxZr jkT; ljdkj }kjk izkf/kd`r lfefr }kjk fo|ky; dh LFkkiuk
fuEuor~ dh tkuh gS%& **d{kk ,d ls ik¡p rd ds cPpksa ds lEcU/k esa ,slh cLrh esa fo|ky;
LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk ftlds 1-00 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ds vUrxZr dksbZ fo|ky; ugha gS rFkk
U;wure vkcknh 300 gSA d{kk N% ls vkB rd ds cPpksa ds lEcU/k esa ,slh cLrh esa fo|ky;
LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk ftlds 3-00 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ds vUrxZr dksbZ fo|ky; ugha gS rFkk
U;wure vkcknh 800 gSA**
mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk 10] 10&d vkSj 11 dk izfrLFkkiu **mRrj
izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e ¼la'kks/ku½ v/;kns'k] 2000** vFkkZr~&
/kkjk&10- mRrj izns'k ftyk iapk;r rFkk {ks= iapk;r vf/kfuf;e] 1961 ds v/khu ftyk
iapk;rksa ds vf/kdkjksa vkSj d`R;ksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] izR;sd ftyk iapk;r] ifj"kn
;k jkT; ljdkj ds v/kh{k.k vkSj funs'ku ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fuEufyf[kr leLr ;k
muesa ls fdUgha d`R;ksa dk laiknu djsxh] vFkkZr~ & **¼d½ ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa csfld
Ldwyksa ds fodkl] izlkj vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ;kstuk;sa rS;kj djuk( ¼[k½ ftys esa csfld
f'k{kk ds laca/k esa xzke iapk;rksa ds fØ;kdyki dk] lkekU;r;k ,slh jhfr ls tSlh fofgr
dh tk,] i;Zos{k.k djuk( ¼x½ csfld f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr ,slh vU; d`R;ksa dk lEiknu djuk
ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj }kjk mls lkSaik tk;A**
/kkjk&10 d- ;FkkfLFkfr mRrj izns'k uxj fuxe vf/kfu;e 1959 ;k mRrj izns'k
uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e 1916 ds v/khu uxj ikfydkvksa ds vf/kdkjksa vkSj d`R;ksa ij izfrdwy
izHkko Mkys fcuk izR;sd uxjikfydk ifj"kn ;k jkT; ljdkj ds v/kh{k.k vkSj fu;U=.k ds
3
v/;k/khu jgrs gq, fuEufyf[kr leLr ;k muesa ls fdUgh d`R;ksa dk lEiknu djsxh& **¼d½
uxjikfydk {ks= esa csfld Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk] mudk iz'kklu fu;U=.k o izcU/k djuk]
¼[k½ ,sls leLr vko';d dne mBkuk tks csfld Ldwyksa ds v/;kidksa vkSj vU;
deZpkfj;ksa ds le; ikyu vkSj mifLFkfr ds lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vko';d le>s tk,a]
¼x½ ,sls csfld Ldwyksa ds fodkl] izlkj vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ;kstuk,a rS;kj djuk] ¼?k½ uxj
ikfydk {ks= esa csfld f'k{kk] vukSipkfjd f'k{kk vkSj izkS<+ f'k{kk dh vfHko`f) vkSj fodkl
djuk] ¼³½ uxj ikfydk {ks= dh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj fLFkr fdlh csfld Ldwy ds fdlh
v/;kid ;k vU; deZpkjh ij ,slh jhfr ls tSlh fofgr dh tk,] y?kq n.M nsus dh
flQkfj'k djukA**
/kkjk&11- izR;sd xkao ;k xkao lewg ds fufeRr] ftlds fy, la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt
vf/kfu;e] 1947 ds v/khu xzke iapk;r LFkkfir gks] ,d lfefr LFkkfir dh tk;sxh] tks
xkao f'k{kk lfefr dgyk;sxh] ftlesa fuEufyf[kr lnL; gksaxsa] vFkkZr~& **d- xzke iapk;r
dk iz/kku] tks v/;{k gksxk( [k csfld Ldwyksa ds Nk=ksa ds rhu laj{kd ¼ftuesa ls ,d
laj{kd efgyk gksxh½ tks lgk;d csfld f'k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk uke fufnZ"V fd, tk;sxsa( x-
xzke iapk;r esa fLFkr csfld Ldwy dk eq[; v/;kid vkSj ;fn ogka ,d ls vf/kd Ldwy
gksa] rks muds eq[; v/;kidksa esa ls] T;s"Bre] tks lnL;&lfpo gksxk(
2- mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e ¼la'kks/ku½ v/;kns'k] 2000 ds fdUgha vU; micU/kksa esa
vU;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok; vkSj xzke iapk;r ds v/kh{k.k vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] xkao
f'k{kk lfefr fuEufyf[kr d`R;ksa dk lEiknu djsxh] vFkkZr~& **d& iapk;r {ks= esa csfld Ldwyksa
dh LFkkiuk] mudk iz'kklu( fu;a=.k vkSj izcU/ku djuk( [k& ,sls csfld Ldwyksa ds fodkl] izlkj
vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ;kstuk,a rS;kj djuk( x &iapk;r {ks= esa csfld f'k{kk] vukSipkfjd f'k{kk
vkSj izkS<+ f'k{kk dh vfHko`f) vkSj fodkl djuk( ?k& csfld Ldwyksa] muds Hkouksa vkSj miLdkjksa ds
lq/kkj ds fy, ftyk iapk;r dks lq>ko nsuk( M& ,sls leLr vko';d dne mBkuk] tks csfld
Ldwyksa ds v/;kidksa vkSj vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds le;&ikyu vkSj mifLFkfr dks lqfuf'pr djus ds
fy, vko';d le>s tk;sa( p& iapk;r {ks= dh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj fLFkr fdlh csfld Ldwy ds
fdlh v/;kid ;k vU; deZpkjh ij ,slh jhfr ls tSlh fofgr dh tk;s( y?kq n.M nsus dh
flQkfj'k djuk( N & csfld f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr ,sls vU; d`R;ksa dks djuk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj
}kjk mls lkSais tk;saA
lkeqnkf;d dh Hkkxhnkjh vkSj iapk;rksa dh tokcnsgh dks fo|ky; ds izfr ftEesnkj cukus dh
fn”kk esa izR;sd fo|ky; esa fo|ky; izca/k lfefr dk xBu vkSj LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dh lfdz;
Hkwfedk gsrq fuEu dk;Z fd;s tk ldrs gS&
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkj vFkkZr~ ;FkkfLFkfr xzke f'k{kk lfefr @uxj ikfydk @uxj iapk;r
viuh lhek {ks= esa fLFkr izR;sd cLrh ds fy, fdlh iM+kslh fo|ky; dks fpfàr djsxk
tgk¡ cPpksa dks izos'k fnyk;k tk lds rFkk ml cLrh gsrq fpfàr fo|ky; dh tkudkjh dks
lkoZtfud djsxkA
vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e ds izpkyu ij utj j[kus ds fy, ,d f'k{kk lfefr LFkkfir dh tk,A
;g LFkkuh; ljdkj esa f'k{kk ij dkjokbZ djus okyh LFkk;h lfefr dk ,d laof)Zr :i gks
4
ldrh gS blesa fuokZfpr izfrfuf/k] fo'ks"kK] dk;ZdrkZ] ekrk&firk] eq[;k/;kid rFkk f'k{kk
foHkkx ds deZpkjh 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA
fdlh cLrh esa fo|ky; LFkkfir djuk ;fn fo|ky; LFkkfir djkuk lEHko u gks rks
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ,sls {ks=ksa ds cPpksa ds fy, i;kZIr O;oLFkk djsxh ;Fkk fu%'kqYd ;krk;kr]
vkoklh; lqfo/kk vkfnA
fofHkUu izdkj dh fu%'kDrrkvksa ls xzLr cPpksa ds ekeys esa ih-vkj-vkbZ- vk;ksftr f'kfojksa ds
ek/;e ls mudh igpku mudh fu%'kDrrk ds Lrj dk fu/kkZj.k djus ;g lqfuf'pr djus esa
fd ,sls cPpksa dks miq;Dr lgk;d lkexzh vkSj midj.k miyC/k djk, tk,a vkSj ;g
lqfuf'pr djus esa fd ,sls cPpksa dks fu;fer Ldwyksa esa eq[;ky; dk vax cuk, tkus ds
fy, leqfpr lg;ksx iznku fd;k tk,] ewY;oku lg;ksx ns ldrs gSaA fu%'kDrrk ls xzLr
¼fodykax½ cPpksa ds fy, leqfpr vkSj lqjf{kr ifjogu dh O;oLFkk djus dk iz;kl djsxhA
bu cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd fo'ks"k f'k{kk] lgk;d lkexzh ,oa midj.k Hkh fu%'kqYd miyC/k djk;s
tk;saxsaA
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh nwjorhZ {ks= ds cPpksa] fu%'kDrrk ls xzLr cPpksa] lk/kughu oxZ rFkk
detksj oxZ ds cPpksa lfgr leLr cPpksa dk fpàkadu izR;sd o"kZ djsxkA
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, mRrjnk;h gksxk fd fo|ky; esa fdlh cPps
ds lkFk tkfr] oxZ] /keZ rFkk ckyd ckfydk ds vk/kkj ij d{kk esa rFkk d{kk ds ckgj ds
xfrfof/k;ksa esa HksnHkko u fd;k tk,A
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;g lqfuf'pr djsxk fd lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd dkj.kksa ls cPpksa dks
fo|ky; igq¡pus esa dksbZ ck/kk u vk;sA
LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh vius {ks= ds leLr cPpksa dk tUe ls 14 o"kZ dh vk;q izkIr gksus rd
dk vfHkys[k losZ ds ek/;e ls lqjf{kr j[ksxkA
izkjfEHkd :i ls dksbZ f'kdk;r xzke f'k{kk lfefr@okMZ f'k{kk lfefr dks mlds lnL;
lfpo ds ek/;e ls dh tk;sxhA xzke f'k{kk lfefr@okMZ f'k{kk lfefr ds fofu'p; ds
i'pkr~ vihy] ;FkkfLFkfr fodkl [k.M Lrjh; lgk;d csfld f'k{kk vf/kdkjh@uxj f'k{kk
vf/kdkjh dks dh tk ldrh gSA
f”kdk;r dh f}rh; vihy mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk&10 ds
v/khu xzkeh.k {ks= ls lEcfU/kr ekeyksa ds fy, ftyk iapk;r dks vkSj /kkjk 10&d ds
v/khu uxjh; {ks= ls lEcfU/kr ekeyksa ds fy, uxjikfydk dks dh tk ldrh gSA

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Elementary education and panchayati raj institution in uttar pradesh

  • 1. mRrj izns”k esa izkjfEHkd f”k{kk vkSj iapk;rhjkt xqjfeUnj flag] fN;kflosa lafoèkku la'kksèku 2002 esa lafoèkku ds [k.M&3 esa ,d u;k vuqPNsn 21&d] tksM+k x;k gS] ftlesa 6&14 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa dh fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dks mudk ewy vfèkdkj cuk fn;k x;k gSA 6 ls 14 lky ds lHkh cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk Ánku fd, tkus gsrq 4 vxLr 2009 dks fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vf/kfu;e&2009 ds :Ik esa ikfjr fd;kA vf/kfu;e dks **fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e &2009 la[;k&35** Ákf/kdkj ls Á[;kfir fd;k x;k] tks tEew ,oa d'ehj dks NksM+dj ns'k ds vU; lHkh jkT;ksa esa 1 vÁSy 2010 ls ykxw gSA fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e&2009 ¼vf/kfu;e la[;k&35 lu~ 2009½ dh /kkjk 38 }kjk ÁnRr 'kfDr dk Á;ksx djds vkSj bl fo"k; ij leLr fo|eku fu;eksa vkSj vkns'kksa dk vf/kØe.k djds] mi;ZqDr vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds Á;kstu ls **mRrj Áns'k fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj fu;ekoyh] 2011** 27 tqykbZ] 2011 dks ekuuh; jkT;Ikky dh lgefr ls vf/klwfpr tkjh dh x;h gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku lHkh cPpksa ds mRFkku ds fy, Áfrc) gSA blds vuqPNsn&21 ,] 24] 39 ,oa 45 ns'k esa jgus okys cPpksa dh lqj{kk] f'k{kk o xfjeke; ftUnxh ls lEcfU/kr gSA vuqPNsn 21,& f”k{kk dk vf/kdkj&6 ls 14 lky rd dh vk;q ds cPpksa dks jkT;] vf/kfu;e }kjk fuf'pr fu%'kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z f'k{kk Ánku djsxkA vuqPNsn 24& cPpksa dks dkj[kkuksa] vkfn esa jkstxkj nsus ij Áfrca/kA fdlh dkj[kkus ;k [kku ;k vU; fdlh tksf[ke Hkjs dke esa ugha yxk;k tkuk pkfg;sA vuqPNsn 39& jkT; dks] fo'ks"k :i ls] ,slh uhfr cukuh pkfg;s tks cPpksa dks lqjf{kr dj lds rkfd de vk;q ds cPps 'kksf"kr u gksa vkSj vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa ds pyrs fdlh Hkh ukxfjd dks mudh vk;q ;k 'kfDr ds Áfrdwy fLFkfr;ksa esa u Hkstk tk ldsA vuqPNsn 45& ^^jkT; lHkh ckydksa ds fy, 6 o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh djus rd izkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk ns[kjs[k vkSj f”k{kk nsus ds mica/k djus dk iz;kl djsxkA** fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 2009 ds dk;kZUo;u dh ftEesnkjh ßleqfpr ljdkjÞ vkSj LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k dks lkSaih x;h gSA bu dk;ksZa dk o.kZu vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e 2009 dh /kkjk 8 vkSj 9 esa fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k dks /kkjk 32 esa mfYyf[kr cky&vf/kdkj ls lacfU/kr f'kdk;rksa ij fopkj djuk gksxk vkSj mudk fuokj.k djuk gksxkA /kkjk&2 ¼t½ esa ;FkkifjHkkf"kr LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k fuEukuqlkj gksxk& ßLFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh** ls dksbZ uxj fuxe ;k uxj ifj"kn] ftyk ifj"kn ;k uxj iapk;r ;k iapk;r] pkgs ftl uke ls Kkr gks] vfHkizsr gS vkSj blds vUrZxr fo|ky; ij iz'kklfud fu;U=.k j[kus okyk fdlh uxj] “kgj ;k xzke esa fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds #i esa dk;Z djus ds fy, rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k }kjk ;k mlds v/khu l'kDr ,slk vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;k fudk; Hkh gSAÞ
  • 2. 2 LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dh Hkwfedk vf/kfu;e esa Li"Vr% of.kZr dh xbZ gS LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ksa ls dh tkus okyh vis{kk,a vR;f/kd rFkk pqukSRkhiw.kZ gSaA vr% ;fn ge pkgrs gSa fd LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh bu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djsa rks lkekftd laLFkk;sa rFkk iapk;rh jkt ¼ihvkjvkbZ½ ds chp nh?kZdkyhu lgHkkfxrk LFkkfir dh tkuh t:jh gksxhA lafo/kku ds 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/ku ds ikfjr fd, tkus ds le; ls ihvkjvkbZ ds lkFk feydj dke dj jgs ,sls laxBuksa dks] ftuds ikl t:jh ugha gS fd f'k{kk esa dke djus dk vuqHko gks] Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e 2009 esa of.kZr lqfo/kkvksa dh O;oLFkk djus esa ihvkjvkbZ dks ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e ds fy[ks vuqlkj f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr fd, x, {kqC/k O;fDr;ksa }kjk /;ku fn, tkus ds fy, ;g igyk Lrj gksxkA blfy, ihvkjvkbZ dkfeZdksa dk izf'k{k.k iznku djus dk vuqHko izkIr gSA bu dkfeZdksa ds izf'k{k.k vkSj iqu% izf'k{k.k ds fy, ftykf/kdkfj;ksa dks ,d O;kid ;kstuk rS;kj djuh gksxhA jkT; ljdkjksa dks blds lkFk&lkFk ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd iapk;r jkt laLFkkuksa dks leqfpr #i ls lg;ksftr fd;k tk, ftlls fd LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius dk;ksZa dk fuokZg dj ldsA vkj-Vh-bZ] 2009 /kkjk 6 esa Li’V fd;k gS fd leqfpr ljdkj o LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk ls rhu o"kZ dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ,sls {ks= ;k vkl&ikl dh ,slh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj tks fofgr dh tk;s] tgk¡ fo|ky; bl izdkj LFkkfir ugha gS] ,d fo|ky; LFkkfir djsaxsA & **LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh vFkkZr ;FkkfLFkfr xzke iapk;r@ uxj fuxe@ uxj ikfydk@ uxj iapk;r fdlh iM+kslh fo|ky; dks fpfUgr djsxk] tgkW ckydksa dks izos'k fnyk;k tk lds rFkk izR;sd cLrh ds fy;s viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj ,slh lwpuk dks lkoZtfud djsxkA** ¼1½ ikl iM+ksl dk {ks= ;k lhek] ftlds vUrxZr jkT; ljdkj }kjk izkf/kd`r lfefr }kjk fo|ky; dh LFkkiuk fuEuor~ dh tkuh gS%& **d{kk ,d ls ik¡p rd ds cPpksa ds lEcU/k esa ,slh cLrh esa fo|ky; LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk ftlds 1-00 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ds vUrxZr dksbZ fo|ky; ugha gS rFkk U;wure vkcknh 300 gSA d{kk N% ls vkB rd ds cPpksa ds lEcU/k esa ,slh cLrh esa fo|ky; LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk ftlds 3-00 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ds vUrxZr dksbZ fo|ky; ugha gS rFkk U;wure vkcknh 800 gSA** mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk 10] 10&d vkSj 11 dk izfrLFkkiu **mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e ¼la'kks/ku½ v/;kns'k] 2000** vFkkZr~& /kkjk&10- mRrj izns'k ftyk iapk;r rFkk {ks= iapk;r vf/kfuf;e] 1961 ds v/khu ftyk iapk;rksa ds vf/kdkjksa vkSj d`R;ksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] izR;sd ftyk iapk;r] ifj"kn ;k jkT; ljdkj ds v/kh{k.k vkSj funs'ku ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fuEufyf[kr leLr ;k muesa ls fdUgha d`R;ksa dk laiknu djsxh] vFkkZr~ & **¼d½ ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa csfld Ldwyksa ds fodkl] izlkj vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ;kstuk;sa rS;kj djuk( ¼[k½ ftys esa csfld f'k{kk ds laca/k esa xzke iapk;rksa ds fØ;kdyki dk] lkekU;r;k ,slh jhfr ls tSlh fofgr dh tk,] i;Zos{k.k djuk( ¼x½ csfld f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr ,slh vU; d`R;ksa dk lEiknu djuk ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj }kjk mls lkSaik tk;A** /kkjk&10 d- ;FkkfLFkfr mRrj izns'k uxj fuxe vf/kfu;e 1959 ;k mRrj izns'k uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e 1916 ds v/khu uxj ikfydkvksa ds vf/kdkjksa vkSj d`R;ksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk izR;sd uxjikfydk ifj"kn ;k jkT; ljdkj ds v/kh{k.k vkSj fu;U=.k ds
  • 3. 3 v/;k/khu jgrs gq, fuEufyf[kr leLr ;k muesa ls fdUgh d`R;ksa dk lEiknu djsxh& **¼d½ uxjikfydk {ks= esa csfld Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk] mudk iz'kklu fu;U=.k o izcU/k djuk] ¼[k½ ,sls leLr vko';d dne mBkuk tks csfld Ldwyksa ds v/;kidksa vkSj vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds le; ikyu vkSj mifLFkfr ds lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vko';d le>s tk,a] ¼x½ ,sls csfld Ldwyksa ds fodkl] izlkj vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ;kstuk,a rS;kj djuk] ¼?k½ uxj ikfydk {ks= esa csfld f'k{kk] vukSipkfjd f'k{kk vkSj izkS<+ f'k{kk dh vfHko`f) vkSj fodkl djuk] ¼³½ uxj ikfydk {ks= dh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj fLFkr fdlh csfld Ldwy ds fdlh v/;kid ;k vU; deZpkjh ij ,slh jhfr ls tSlh fofgr dh tk,] y?kq n.M nsus dh flQkfj'k djukA** /kkjk&11- izR;sd xkao ;k xkao lewg ds fufeRr] ftlds fy, la;qDr izkUr iapk;r jkt vf/kfu;e] 1947 ds v/khu xzke iapk;r LFkkfir gks] ,d lfefr LFkkfir dh tk;sxh] tks xkao f'k{kk lfefr dgyk;sxh] ftlesa fuEufyf[kr lnL; gksaxsa] vFkkZr~& **d- xzke iapk;r dk iz/kku] tks v/;{k gksxk( [k csfld Ldwyksa ds Nk=ksa ds rhu laj{kd ¼ftuesa ls ,d laj{kd efgyk gksxh½ tks lgk;d csfld f'k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk uke fufnZ"V fd, tk;sxsa( x- xzke iapk;r esa fLFkr csfld Ldwy dk eq[; v/;kid vkSj ;fn ogka ,d ls vf/kd Ldwy gksa] rks muds eq[; v/;kidksa esa ls] T;s"Bre] tks lnL;&lfpo gksxk( 2- mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e ¼la'kks/ku½ v/;kns'k] 2000 ds fdUgha vU; micU/kksa esa vU;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok; vkSj xzke iapk;r ds v/kh{k.k vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] xkao f'k{kk lfefr fuEufyf[kr d`R;ksa dk lEiknu djsxh] vFkkZr~& **d& iapk;r {ks= esa csfld Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk] mudk iz'kklu( fu;a=.k vkSj izcU/ku djuk( [k& ,sls csfld Ldwyksa ds fodkl] izlkj vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ;kstuk,a rS;kj djuk( x &iapk;r {ks= esa csfld f'k{kk] vukSipkfjd f'k{kk vkSj izkS<+ f'k{kk dh vfHko`f) vkSj fodkl djuk( ?k& csfld Ldwyksa] muds Hkouksa vkSj miLdkjksa ds lq/kkj ds fy, ftyk iapk;r dks lq>ko nsuk( M& ,sls leLr vko';d dne mBkuk] tks csfld Ldwyksa ds v/;kidksa vkSj vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds le;&ikyu vkSj mifLFkfr dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vko';d le>s tk;sa( p& iapk;r {ks= dh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj fLFkr fdlh csfld Ldwy ds fdlh v/;kid ;k vU; deZpkjh ij ,slh jhfr ls tSlh fofgr dh tk;s( y?kq n.M nsus dh flQkfj'k djuk( N & csfld f'k{kk ls lEcfU/kr ,sls vU; d`R;ksa dks djuk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj }kjk mls lkSais tk;saA lkeqnkf;d dh Hkkxhnkjh vkSj iapk;rksa dh tokcnsgh dks fo|ky; ds izfr ftEesnkj cukus dh fn”kk esa izR;sd fo|ky; esa fo|ky; izca/k lfefr dk xBu vkSj LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dh lfdz; Hkwfedk gsrq fuEu dk;Z fd;s tk ldrs gS& LFkkuh; izkf/kdkj vFkkZr~ ;FkkfLFkfr xzke f'k{kk lfefr @uxj ikfydk @uxj iapk;r viuh lhek {ks= esa fLFkr izR;sd cLrh ds fy, fdlh iM+kslh fo|ky; dks fpfàr djsxk tgk¡ cPpksa dks izos'k fnyk;k tk lds rFkk ml cLrh gsrq fpfàr fo|ky; dh tkudkjh dks lkoZtfud djsxkA vkj-Vh-bZ- vf/kfu;e ds izpkyu ij utj j[kus ds fy, ,d f'k{kk lfefr LFkkfir dh tk,A ;g LFkkuh; ljdkj esa f'k{kk ij dkjokbZ djus okyh LFkk;h lfefr dk ,d laof)Zr :i gks
  • 4. 4 ldrh gS blesa fuokZfpr izfrfuf/k] fo'ks"kK] dk;ZdrkZ] ekrk&firk] eq[;k/;kid rFkk f'k{kk foHkkx ds deZpkjh 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA fdlh cLrh esa fo|ky; LFkkfir djuk ;fn fo|ky; LFkkfir djkuk lEHko u gks rks LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ,sls {ks=ksa ds cPpksa ds fy, i;kZIr O;oLFkk djsxh ;Fkk fu%'kqYd ;krk;kr] vkoklh; lqfo/kk vkfnA fofHkUu izdkj dh fu%'kDrrkvksa ls xzLr cPpksa ds ekeys esa ih-vkj-vkbZ- vk;ksftr f'kfojksa ds ek/;e ls mudh igpku mudh fu%'kDrrk ds Lrj dk fu/kkZj.k djus ;g lqfuf'pr djus esa fd ,sls cPpksa dks miq;Dr lgk;d lkexzh vkSj midj.k miyC/k djk, tk,a vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus esa fd ,sls cPpksa dks fu;fer Ldwyksa esa eq[;ky; dk vax cuk, tkus ds fy, leqfpr lg;ksx iznku fd;k tk,] ewY;oku lg;ksx ns ldrs gSaA fu%'kDrrk ls xzLr ¼fodykax½ cPpksa ds fy, leqfpr vkSj lqjf{kr ifjogu dh O;oLFkk djus dk iz;kl djsxhA bu cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd fo'ks"k f'k{kk] lgk;d lkexzh ,oa midj.k Hkh fu%'kqYd miyC/k djk;s tk;saxsaA LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh nwjorhZ {ks= ds cPpksa] fu%'kDrrk ls xzLr cPpksa] lk/kughu oxZ rFkk detksj oxZ ds cPpksa lfgr leLr cPpksa dk fpàkadu izR;sd o"kZ djsxkA LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, mRrjnk;h gksxk fd fo|ky; esa fdlh cPps ds lkFk tkfr] oxZ] /keZ rFkk ckyd ckfydk ds vk/kkj ij d{kk esa rFkk d{kk ds ckgj ds xfrfof/k;ksa esa HksnHkko u fd;k tk,A LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;g lqfuf'pr djsxk fd lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd dkj.kksa ls cPpksa dks fo|ky; igq¡pus esa dksbZ ck/kk u vk;sA LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh vius {ks= ds leLr cPpksa dk tUe ls 14 o"kZ dh vk;q izkIr gksus rd dk vfHkys[k losZ ds ek/;e ls lqjf{kr j[ksxkA izkjfEHkd :i ls dksbZ f'kdk;r xzke f'k{kk lfefr@okMZ f'k{kk lfefr dks mlds lnL; lfpo ds ek/;e ls dh tk;sxhA xzke f'k{kk lfefr@okMZ f'k{kk lfefr ds fofu'p; ds i'pkr~ vihy] ;FkkfLFkfr fodkl [k.M Lrjh; lgk;d csfld f'k{kk vf/kdkjh@uxj f'k{kk vf/kdkjh dks dh tk ldrh gSA f”kdk;r dh f}rh; vihy mRrj izns'k csfld f'k{kk vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk&10 ds v/khu xzkeh.k {ks= ls lEcfU/kr ekeyksa ds fy, ftyk iapk;r dks vkSj /kkjk 10&d ds v/khu uxjh; {ks= ls lEcfU/kr ekeyksa ds fy, uxjikfydk dks dh tk ldrh gSA