Assessment Of Chronic Pain

Assessment Of Chronic Pain
Assessment
Assessment of chronic pain first begins with understanding what chronic pain is. Chronic pain is any pain with or without obvious injury that lasts
longer than the expected healing period. Like many chronic diseases, it has periods of remission, an absence of symptoms, and exacerbation, an
increase in the severity of the symptoms. A recent study suggested that chronicpain affects about 80% of elders in nursing homes. (Pateinakis, 2013)
Proper treatment of chronic pain begins with gathering subjective and objective data about the client's pain. Before meeting with the client determine
rather or not the client is capable of communicating about his or her pain. If the client is aphasic or severely demented, it may be necessary to ask
family members and/or caregivers to be present during the interview to help answer questions. Even if the patient is able to communicate effectively,
they may be more comfortable with loved ones nearby. Review any comorbidities that may be affecting the pain or even causing the pain. Also, note all
medications the client is currently taking including herbal supplements and over the counter drugs, to prevent polypharmacy or even identify
polypharmacy that is occurring already.
Next, begin a focused interview. COLDSPA can be used effectively to gather all the specific information about the pain itself. Character is the
description of the sign or symptom. Onset is when it began. Location is where is it and if it is localized pain or
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The Pain Of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
A study from the Pain Journal found that chronic musculoskeletal pain was more common than chronic neuropathic pain, however, neuropathic pain
was found to be more severe and debilitating. Studies show that approximately 65%–85% of individuals with spinal cord injuries suffer from chronic
pain. Many patients with spinal cord injuries will develop "severe/excruciating" neuropathic pain below the level of their injury. (Siddall et all, 2003).
United States SCI veterans are susceptible to chronic neuropathic pain due to a wide range of contributing factors that include trauma, post–traumatic
stress disorder, surgery, anesthesia, prolonged immobilization, depression and anxiety, and mental illness– or a combination of any aforementioned.
Many of our SCI patients are on heavy pain medications that limit them from activities of daily living and affect their ability to participate in scheduled
therapies in the hospital. For example, when our patients are on opioid medications, they are unable to drive which directly affects their ability to
function normally in society. Additionally, these medications can lead to patients unwilling to leave the house or hospital because it will interfere with
their regular drug administration times. In both of these instances, the patient's day becomes dependent upon drug administration.
Pain is described by Siddall as, "an unpleasant sensory and/or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in
terms

Chronic Pain Research Paper
Chronic Pain Relief At Ease
Chronic pain has plugged into thousands and millions of people in this fast developing world. There are number of cases found suffering from
chronic pain conditions and takes a long period of time to recover. People tempt to get chronic pain relief through some natural ways. Around 50 to 80
millions of Americans are suffering form chronic pain condition. The chronic pain if treated at an earlier stage can be well treated but if it sustains for a
longer period than the situation can become worse. Chronic pain relives the flow of harmful hormones, such as cortisol which plays a major role in
adversely affecting the immune system and kidney function.
Chronic pain relief has now emerged with new and great techniques and treatments. The researchers and surgeons are now enhanced with effective
drugs to implant and electrical stimulation. The birth of chronic pain can be due to various reasons like from an accident affecting much too sensitive
veins and muscles, back injuries, an injury caused while playing sport, and chronic pain can also be occur from health conditions like migraines,
diabetes, arthritis, shingles, and cancer. It is not important that a person will be suffering from chronic pain only; he may suffer from acute pain too.
The acute pain causes are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A patient can opt to treat in a natural or surgical way. Acupuncture, acupressure, massage therapy or if any alternative therapy are some natural ways
which can be best suited for your health. In acupuncture you just need to locate the pressure points to heal the body pain and feel relax and
comfortable. Acupuncture is done by way of needles and acupressure is done by way of hands. This therapy gives the relaxation to our muscles helps
to keep your mind calm. Even doing medication acts as assistance to cure your chronic back pain relief. Pain relief supplements can provide only
temporary

Management of Chronic Pain
Introduction
Long term condition (LTC) is a health problem that cannot be cured, at present, but can be managed by medication or therapies' (Snodden., 2010: p1).
There are more than 15 million people in England that are suffering from long term conditions (Department of Health., 2013). Long–term conditions are
more common in older people. The percentages of people of over 60 having a LTC is 58 per cent compared to under that is 14 per cent (Department
of Health, 2012). LTC is also more predominant in more deprived groups, such as the poorest social class as it has 60 per cent higher prevalence than
of those in the richest social class. (Department of Health, 2012).
According to The World Health Organisation (1999), definedpain as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is traditionally described as acute or chronic pain. The prevalence of chronic
pain (CP) is higher than of acute of pain, as it affects 7.8 million people of all ages in the UK (Chronic Pain Policy Coalition., 2006). The current
leading cause of mortality that is accounting for 60% of all deaths is due to chronic diseases and is also a problem as causes an increasing burden
on the health care service (World Health Organisation., 2007). CP can affect a person's quality of life if managed poorly, statistics shows that 25% of
people lose their job and 22% leads to depression. (Chronic Pain Policy Coalition.,

Chronic Back Pain
Definition of the condition:
Chronic Pain is described as a long lasting pain that people experience beyond a normal healing time (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). This time is
usually up to three or six months prior to an incident (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). Chronic back pain can include common diagnosis of muscle
spasms, back strain, or myofasical syndrome (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). There are three different types of chronicback pain; simple musculoskeletal
back pain, spinal nerve root pain and serious spinal pathology (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). (Hasenbring, 2012)
Causes/ aetiology:
There is suggested evidence that a number of anatomical structures such as, bones, intervertebral discs, muscles, ligaments, joints and neural ... Show
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To investigate the signs of nerve root damage, the femoral stretch test and straight leg raise test is used to diagnose spinal nerve root back pain
(Jackson & Simpson, 2006). These neurological tests help to reveal whether there are sensory, motor or reflex abnormalities in the body (Jackson &
Simpson, 2006). If there is a suspicion of serious spinal pathology, investigations need to be assigned to eliminate the possibilities of infection,
inflammation or tumours (Jackson & Simpson, 2006).
Medical and other treatments:
The main goal for treating chronic back pain is to get rid of the pain (Weiner & Nordin, 2010) and increase physical and social functions of the body
(Jackson & Simpson, 2006). There are different ways of treating chronic back pain, which includes medication, physical therapies, interventional
treatment, spinal cord stimulation, acupuncture or surgery, depending on the severity of pain that is experienced (Jackson & Simpson, 2006).
There is strong evidence to suggest that non–steroidal, anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help manage back pain (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). Opioids
are also used to manage back pain (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). The use of NSAIDs over a long period of time requires assessments of risks and
benefits (Jackson & Simpson, 2006). It is important that

Chronic Heel Pain
Whether you suffer from chronic heel pain or just recently sustained a foot injury, the foot specialists at Podiatry Associates of Rochester are here to
help. This Rochester, NY podiatry office provides complete medical and surgical care for patients suffering from a variety of foot ailments, from
ingrown toenails, stress fractures, arthritis, planter fasciitis, heel pain, and more.
Heel pain can be caused by a number of reasons, one of the most common being plantar fasciitis, otherwise known as heel spur syndrome. Heel and foot
discomfort can also be caused by fractures, tendonitis, nerve irritation, and sometimes even cysts. Often times patients complain of heel pain for
unknown reasons, so it's important that a complete examination is performed

A Story Of A Chronic Pain: Adult
Chronic Pain, Adult
Chronic pain is a type of pain that lasts or recurs for at least six months. You may have chronic headaches, abdominal pain, or body pain. Chronic pain
may be related to an illness, such as fibromyalgia or complex regional pain syndrome. Sometimes the cause of chronic pain is not known.
Chronic pain can make it hard for you to do daily activities. If not treated, chronic pain can lead to other health problems, including anxiety and
depression. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your pain. You may need to work with a pain specialist to come up with a treatment plan.
The plan may include medicine, counseling, and physical therapy. Many people benefit from a combination of two or more types of treatment to control

Physical Therapy And Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is a huge issue for many people. A lot of people with chronic pain become depressed because they can't move or do simple tasks without
being in a great amount of pain. Chronic pain can be caused by osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, and neuropathic
pain, which is caused by injury to tissues or nerves. Physical therapy helps chronic pain patients become stronger, so they're able to move better.
Physical therapy can also teach people how to move safely and function better than they used to with chronic pain. Exercise can involve walking on a
treadmill or swimming in a pool. Physical therapy helps to build strength in the muscles, builds endurance, stability in the joints, and flexibility in
the muscles and joints. Keeping a regular exercise routine will also help control chronic pain. Regular exercise from physical therapy will help
people maintain the ability to move and function properly, and prevent people from becoming disabled by their chronic pain. The less a person
moves, the more pain a person will experience. The more physical therapy a person receives, the more they learn to control their pain, the less pain
they feel, and they'll be more able to function in society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a person's injuries keep them from standing or moving around, physical therapy can make it easier to get around. Hands on treatments and certain
exercise can improve joint and muscle mobility, which will lead to better function. People will be able to do daily activities when they have more
mobility, such as, going to the grocery store, doing household chores, and taking care of their children. Having improved mobility will also help to
prevent further injuries. For example, with people who have multiple sclerosis, physical therapy can help those with the disease to improve their
mobility and keep their independence as a person, with decreasing some of the more severe effects of the

Chronic Pain In Older Adults
Chronic pain in older adults is defined as ''an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or
described in terms of such damage, for persons who are either aged (65 to 79 years old) or very aged (80 and over) and who have had pain for greater
than 3 months'' (Lynch, 2000, p.270). The consequences of chronic pain may also be related to impaired activities of daily living (ADLs), physical
disability, accidents, gait abnormalities, polypharmacy, and cognitive decline in older adults (Mantyselka et al., 2001; Kaye et al., 2010; Shega et al.,
2010). Therefore, chronic pain has negative affects on older adults, their families, and social relationships. The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal of Pain ...
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This problem usually occurs sooner in women, and can lead to bone fractures due to osteoporosis (Kart et al., 1992). Women have higher levels of
pain severity and more disabilities than men (Fillingim et al., 2009). Therefore, elderly people with musculoskeletal pain avoid physical activity
because of increasing pain. Eventually, this tendency for them to engage in less physical activity will lead to a declining physical function, especially
when muscle weakness is accompanied by joint pain, joint instability, and

Symptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Pain
This is a 61–year–old male with a 7/20/2011 date of injury, who fell at work and sustained injury to his left shoulder, left knee, cervical spine and
lumbar spine.
Diagnoses include chronic intractable low back and neck pain secondary to lumbosacral degenerative disc disease. Left shoulder pain s/p arthroscopy,
chronic left knee pain, chronic pain syndrome, severe neuropathic pain, depression, history of drug abuse, and chronic daily headaches.
12/14/15 Progress Report described a follow–up visit. The patient reported worsening left knee pain X 3weeks after doing housework on his knees. He
heard a pop upon standing. Since then, he is having pain with weight bearing and feeling of instability/buckling. The patient has persistent back pain ...
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The patient denies aberrant behaviors. Objective Findings: He has difficulty getting up from seated to standing position. He has an antalgic gait and
uses a cane. There was pain with palpation of medial knee and with varus stress to medial knee. Motor strength was 5/5. Cervical and lumbar ROM is
limited. Sensations are intact. Treatment plan included SCS and medications. The goal is to decrease the use of narcotics and medications in general.
Follow–up is in one month. UDS and CURES reports were reviewed.
09/21/15 Progress Report indicated that the patient is maintaining usual medications for chronic pain syndrome. He is awaiting evaluation with the
spine surgeon for SCS placement and/or injections under fluoroscopy. He had this done a couple of years ago. Current medications: Norco, Butrans,
Gabapentin, and Cymbalta. The medications help control his pain. 1. Butrans Patch 20mcg 1 patch q 5 days #5, and 2. Norco 5/325mg 1 tab 4 x
daily #120,
08/27/15 UDS Report showed that the patient has been consistent with Butrans and Norco.
06/30/15 Progress Report noted that the patient stated that Butrans in only authorized for 20 days. Since, he is running out of his Butrans patch, it is
affecting his ability to do his ADLs and aid in ambulation. He reported that he has been using his Butrans patch for 10 days now, instead of 5 days.
This is a change of circumference. The patient is feeling miserable. The pain was 7–8/10–scale level and he has not been

Acute Pain Vs. Chronic Pain
1. The difference between acute pain and chronic pain is based on their characteristics such as causes, function, and neuron structure. Acute pain travels
along the spinothalamic tract to the sensory–motor cortex, as chronic pain is less localized in the anterolateral pathway to the brainstem. The fibers that
are used in acute pain are myelinated fibers that carry signals rapidly, and when there is no stimulation the signal stops. Unlike chronic pain where the
fibers are unmyelinated, carry signals slowly, and the signal does not stop when stimulation stops. In chronic pain, there is also continuing tissue
damage, as the nociceptive pathway neurons become more sensitive. In acute pain, there are tissue damages, but it is not continuous as

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Chronic Pain
SPONDYLOSIS – CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME
Introduction and Definition of Chronic Pain
About 100 million Americans suffer from Chronic Pain, defined as pain that lasts longer than six months. Chronic pain can be mild or excruciating,
episodic or continuous, merely inconvenient or totally incapacitating. With chronic pain, signals of pain remain active in the nervous system for months
or even years. This can take both a physical and emotional toll on a person.
Causes and Etiology of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain can be caused by many different factors. Often conditions that accompany normal aging may affect bones and joints in ways that cause
chronic pain. Other common causes are nerve damage and injuries that fail to heal properly. The most... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even the body 's most basic defenses may be compromised: There is considerable evidence that unrelenting pain can suppress the immune system.
Because of the mind–body links associated with chronic pain, effective treatment requires addressing psychological as well as physical aspects of the
condition.
Some kinds of chronic pain have numerous causes. Back pain, for example, may be caused by a single factor, or any combination of these factors:
Years of poor posture
Improper lifting and carrying of heavy objects
being overweight, which puts excess strain on the back and knees
A congenital condition such as curvature of the spine
Traumatic injury
Wearing high heels
Sleeping on a poor mattress
No obvious physical cause
Ordinary aging of the spine (degenerative changes)
Disease can also be the underlying cause of chronic pain. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Fibromyalgia are well–known culprits, but persistent
pain may also be due to such ailments as Cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Stomach Ulcers, AIDS, and gallbladder disease.
In many cases, however, the source of chronic pain can be a very complex and even mysterious issue to untangle. Although it may begin with an injury
or illness, ongoing pain can develop a psychological dimension after the physical problem has healed. This fact alone makes

Chronic pain can be mental, emotionally and physically debilitating. Chronic pain affects us on many different levels. Your brain senses pain from
sensory, emotional and cognitive angles. The brain is wired to expect severe pain, and it swiftly initiates a strong pain response. Neuropathways rely on
past experiences that help the brain deal with similar threats. Our cognitive and emotional responses can jumble our actual pain signals. Similar
physiological treatments are prescribed for an emotional response and actual pain.
Yoga teaches you to be aware of your posture and alignment. The mindfulness training gives yogis tools for engaging with pain in a way reduces
damaging emotions. Most chronic pain remedies are ineffective because the treatment

Pain, Acute Pain And Chronic Pain
Pain is an experience that involves both the mind and the body. It is an uncomfortable feeling that signals your brain that there may be something
wrong with your body. Pain is an irritating and unpleasant sensory and emotional experience which may be caused by a damage in the tissues, one 's
beliefs or thoughts, or environmental stressors such as one 's job or traffic. Pain is a significant stress both physically and emotionally. It may cause
discomfort, distress or agony. It may be steady or throbbing. It maybe stabbing, aching or pinching.
In the past, many people thought that pain was a result of a damaged tissues. However now the researchers have come to find out that pain is an
intricate process that might or might not include tissue damage and most likely involves social, psychological and emotional factors, which can either
cause, increase, or decrease painful sensations.
There are two types of pain, acute pain and chronic pain.
Acute pain is a short– lasting pain, which can be easily described and observed. Acute pain begins suddenly and is a sharp pain. It 's a warning of a
disease or a threat to the body. Acute pain might be just mild and may last for a moment, or it may be severe and last for weeks or months. Acute pain
does not last longer than 6 months. If the pain lasts longer than 6 months than it may proceed on to chronic pain.
Chronic pain tends to affect a person's whole life including a change in their personality, the activities they used to

The Problem With Chronic Pain
How to Deal with Chronic Pain
This paper is going to talk about how to deal with chronic pain. First of all, this paper will explain what chronic pain means by providing the foremost
chronic pain encountered in life such as low back, joints, or other kinds. Next, this paper will cover why it is important to address conditions related to
chronic pain, and will explore methods and strategies showing how to cope with continuing pain. Finally, this paper will share some predictable
outcomes and a conclusion.
Definition, Epidemiology, and Trends ofChronic Pain
Chronic pain is defined as a pain that doesn't go away for a long time. The pain can last for weeks, more than 3 months, years, and might make
someone feel hopeless. Chronic pain does not relief with regular pain medication. It is important to address chronic pain because is physically and
psychologically stressful. Its persistent discomfort can lead to irritation and frustration with the person's self and with other people. Pain affects not
only mental health but interfere also with someone's sleep pattern.
Talking about chronic pain without telling how it starts will not be helpful. According to Richeimer and Stelligo (2014), chronic pain doesn't happen to
everybody. Some people develop chronically painful conditions in their lifetime while others don't. Research has shown the difference between people
who experience chronic pain compared to those who may not have it is related to genetic and several other factors.

Chronic Pain Essay
The intended audience, is people with chronic or acute pain (2). The audience also includes veterans, working families, the elderly, and other people
who experience pain. I know this because virtual reality can help veterans with their PTSD (6). A growing number of scientists and entrepreneurs are
using it to treat medical conditions, including PTSD and chronic pain." (3). At the University of Southern California, researchers virtually recreate battle
scenarios for veterans to treat their PTSD (6).
The intended purpose of this article is to promote that virtual–reality can help people manage their pain. The writer begins the article with her
experience using virtual–reality, "Snowflakes fall around me as I float above a river, weaving through an icy wonderland. I toss a fish to an otter, and it
shivers with glee. Then, as I exit a cave full of colorful rocks, I flow into a bright ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The writer provides evidence, research, and her experience to prove her main point. She mentions, "A growing number of scientists and entrepreneurs
are using it to treat medical conditions, including PTSD and chronic pain." (3). Early research has shown that for people with chronic or acute pain,
having a relaxing experience, can offer a much needed reprieve–not just during the treatment but for days after." (2). The author's minor claims is that
virtual–reality is not as effective for psychological conditions (4). The writer mentions, "Psychological conditions like social anxiety disorder, a 2015
study showed in–person therapy worked better than VR." (4). Bernie Garrett mentions, "There are definitely some benefits, but we don't understand
what they are." (4). Virtual–reality has benefits for chronic pain, but had no benefits for psychological conditions (4). Virtual reality is a new type of
treatment, and needs to have more research be done

Chronic Pain Vs Chronic Pain Essay
There are several stages of pain and ways how people get hurt. It is important to learn about pain and how we feel pain.what makes the pain we feel
from sham and jealous so cutting is that vanity's can give us no assistance in bearing them this quote is from franГ§ois de la rochefoucauld.
There are several point in the pain pathway where the signal can be modify your nervous system is made up of two main parts your brain and your
spinal cord. Doctors and other professional use a person pain as a clue in figuring out what's wrong about 70% of people with chronic pain treated
with pain medication. While care has grown more sophisticated the most effective care still is not widely available.
Now we ask the question why do people care for pain? People care for pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many types of pain chronic pain last longer than acute pain and it's generally somewhat resistant to medical.Even though the experience
episodes of what's called a breakthrough. Both acute and chronic pain can be debilitating, and both can affect and be affected by a person state of mind.
But pain––whether it comes from a bee sting,a broken bone, or a long term illness is also an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience it has
multiple causes and people respond to it in multiple and individual ways.
What happens if did not feel pain? We'd die quickly.pain only exists to alert the mind that the body is in danger and/or being damaged it's just a
feedback loop without it you may slice open your leg,never notice it and bleed out. Pain is a defense mechanism to avoid further injury and a signal
for healing to start so it's simple no pain no healing and damage will continue.
Who first discover pain? In 1664 treatise of a man named Rene descartes theorized that the body was more similar to a machine, and that pain was a
disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reaches the

Fibromyalgia And Chronic Pain
"Approximately 10 million Americans (2–4%) have Fibromyalgia with a ratio of about 8 to 2, women over men." This is a ratio that has been found
by the National Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain Association. Fibromyalgia is a disease that affects the body in many different ways. It comes with pain
in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Along with chronic muscle pain, it also comes with fatigue, sleep problems, and painful trigger points. Although
many doubt a diagnosis of Fibromyalgia, it is a real disease affecting so many people. This confusing diagnosis leads to daily struggles like fatigue,
pain all throughout the body, and even depression from time to time, affecting not only the victim of the disease, but also the people around them.
How ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not a program that will cure you in the end. There is no cure to this and although there is no cure, patients learn to deal with it physically as
well as psychologically. This program is called CPRP or Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program. It runs from Monday through Friday from 7:30 a.m. to
5 p.m. and is suggested that the patient go through the program for three to four weeks. There is pain treatment done by many physicians, therapists,
and nurses. There are certain times for exercise as well as meditation and learning how to pace yourself throughout the day with chronic pain. There are
also aftercare follow–up sessions on Fridays that the graduates of the CPRP can go to as well as family members.
Certain treatments can be done to help ease he pain as well. According to the National Complementary and Integrative Health, Vitamin D may be a
good source for pain reducer as well as different activities like yoga, tai chi, and biofeedback. Acupuncture is also suggested, though these do not have
hard evidence to prove that these things most definitely help. The activities listed normally are safe approaches, but these activities can be difficult at
first to

When it comes to chronic pain, you can 't manage it yourself. Many members of the healthcare community advise pain killers as the primary method of
treating serious, chronic pain. If this has been your experience – you are not alone. Most people who suffer with chronic relentless pain are given a
prescription for pain medication and sent on their way. There are other, safer and more healthy ways to manage your pain– besides pain medication
and/or surgery. Chronic pain sufferers often lose hope that there are other ways besides medication to help with their pain. You can stop trying to
self–manage your pain because there is help.
Types of pain
Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts for six months or longer. Did you know that there are nearly 100 million people in our country who suffer
from chronic, daily pain? These are the cases that are documented – many people suffer in silence.
Comprehensive pain management
Doctors who offer comprehensive pain management will objectively look at all of your body 's systems in order to evaluate and treat the source of
your pain. They will view your overall health to better diagnose and treat the pain you are experiencing.
Alternative methods of treating pain
You may not be acquainted with some of the alternative ways that your pain can be successfully managed.
Chiropractic adjustments
Acupuncture
Massage therapy
Herbal medicine
Chiropractic adjustments. Subluxations, or misalignments of the vertebrae, is what occurs when the

Essay On Chronic Pain
San Diego_In Home Care and Chronic Pain
When pain lasts three to six months or more, it is considered chronic pain. According to the American Geriatrics Association, more than 50 percent of
seniors living at home and up to 80 percent of those in care facilities suffer from chronic pain. As a result, a great number of these seniors are not able
to function properly during the day or sleep well at night. Some of the most frequent causes of chronic pain in seniors are arthritis, glaucoma, poor
circulation, and nerve damage.
For seniors who choose to remain in their own residence despite their pain, in home care often makes a significant difference by allowing them to
maintain their freedom, independence, and high quality of life. Some of the most popular services include light housekeeping, laundry, and
transportation services since many seniors with chronic pain are not longer able to drive. Additionally, medication management support is important
because of the vast numbers and varieties of medications most seniors with chronic pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While it may initially seem that exercise will hurt even more with chronic pain, the reality is that physical activity is one of the best ways to reduce
pain. According to Dr. Wayne McCormick, the chief of the Division of Gerontology and GeriatricMedicine at the University of Washington, "Staying
active is one of the most effective ways to make living with chronic pain a more tolerable experience...We try to make people continue to be active
because when people have pain they tend to focus on it more. There have been trials on whether it is best to keep people at rest or moving about with
pain. The best is keeping active." If your senior loved one needs transportation support, emotional support, or even physical assistance to keep
physically active or engage in an exercise routine, in home care personnel are there to

When the human body receives an injury or infection, there is a crucial period in which the body heals itself. During this period of rehabilitation, the
body is desperately trying to return to its original state. This is called acute pain, or pain that is directly related to tissue damage (paper cut, broken
arm, and so on). If something disrupts this process, the injury can later manifest itself as chronic pain. *IChronic pain is defined as "pain that lasts
longer than 3 months." Chronic pain can also be caused by nerve damage, spinal conditions, surgeries, and so on.*D Symptoms of chronic pain often
include:
Persistent mild to severe pain
Shooting, burning, aching pain
Sleeplessness
Fatigue
Depression
Anxiety
Weakened immune system *F Unfortunately, chronic pain is the most challenging and type of pain to heal because changes in the nervous system at a
molecular level occur.*J In attempts to heal chronic pain, Western doctors have one goal in mind, "Treat the pain itself, whether or not the underlying
cause is treatable" H (Wyngaarden 104). The easiest way to fix the pain itself is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was once believed that acupuncture worked because it destabilized the body's natural flow of energy that had been disrupted. However, recent
research shows that acupuncture is able to stimulate physical reactions in the body such as heart rate, blood pressure, and immune system responses. In
other words, acupuncture arouses the body's natural healing abilities. Regulation of red and white blood cell counts are crucial to a healing body.
Acupuncture is also able to trigger the production of endorphins, the body's natural pain killer, to reduce a patient's pain. *A Acupuncture releases the
substances and inhibits pain signal pathways to the spinal cord.*G This is much safer than using western pain killers because the risk of addiction is not

Pain is one of the most recurrent nursing diagnosis and the most common problem for which patients in the clinical setting seek the most help. In a
common perspective, pain can refer to distressful, unpleasant, and a painful feeling. Pain is a critical problem in the health care system and it affects
more people than diabetes, heart disease and cancer combined. Chronic pain can begin with an injury or a problem such as a problem in the lower
back. Also, it can be related to headaches, back pain, joint pain, nerve pain, or other local symptoms. There are millions of people who suffer from
chronic pain every year which effects the emotional and financial stability of the patient and their families.
Definition of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is based on the view that acute pain signals damage tissue, whereas chronic pain results from central and peripheral sensitization in which
pain is constant after nociceptive inputs have weakened. Defining chronic pain by duration does not indicate whether long lasting pain is clinically
significant. Some people that may have low back pain can have normal lives. Patients with unrelieved chronic pain problems often results in the
inability to work which can lead the patients unable to pay for their health insurance (AAPM Facts and Figures on Pain, 2011). Chronic pain is known
as pain that is persisting. There are pain signals that keep firing in the nervous system for two or more months. Another source states that the pain must
last more than

The Problem Of Chronic Pain
Chronic pain has burdened its victims with major difficulties that often span beyond the physical discomfort to psychological, social, and economic
well–being (1). The prevalence of non–cancerous chronic pain in Europeans ranges from 8%–60% across many studies involving different methods
and populations. Nearly 1 in 4 adults in Europe report experiencing chronic pain which affects their daily lives (1) and 30% of Americans report
chronic pain (2). In particular, 1% of all individuals in the developed world experience rheumatoid arthritis and these rates are growing with an
increasingly older and less healthy population (3). While many studies have focused on the medical aspects of chronic pain, it is a crucial
responsibility of medical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although anxiety and depression are common among chronic pain patients seeking medical care, they are often hard to detect (4).
In order to ensure the most comprehensive patient care and satisfaction, it is critical to investigate physician and patient interactions during a medical
consultation (4–6). Recent research suggests outcomes are related to communication (7,8). Physicians need to be aware not to discourage patients from
sharing sensitive information while still conducting the medical aspects of the consultation. Typically, the medical aspects dominate the consultation
so it is not surprising that patients wishing to talk about particular worries or concerns give somewhat indirect or underlying cues or "clues" which are
hard to detect (4). Some studies show that patient satisfaction is not affected by physician reaction to cues and concerns (9), while others have found
the opposite––that indeed responsiveness is related to patient satisfaction (10). If we can better understand patient communication–– whether explicit or
implied, ––we will have a greater ability to understand how physicians can best communicate in consultation to guide the patient to disclose concerns
(11).
Although it is understood that a physician's ability to communicate has a great effect on the patient, the training in this area is still deficient (5,12).
Medical students are more likely to give

Chronic Pain Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis One
Chronic pain related to nerve compression as evidence by verbal reports of pain, changes in facial expression of pain, and anxiousness (Wilkinson,
2017, pg. 600).
Outcome Statement Patient will describe nonpharmacological methods that can be used to supplement, or enhance, pharmacological interventions and
help achieve the comfort–function level by anticipated discharge date on 4/26/18.
Intervention One
Establish a convenient time with patient to talk about pain and its psychological and emotional effects.
Rationale. Establishing a trusting, supportive relationship promotes the nurse–client relationship and helps foster open communication.
Intervention Two
Teach the patient nonpharmacological methods to control pain, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This replaces negative thoughts with positive thoughts to help reduce anxiety.
Intervention Four Reduce environmental stimuli or possible threats to reduce anxiety levels.
Rationale. This helps minimize distraction that can further escalate the individual's anxiety.
Intervention Five Encourage the patient to participate in activities she finds comforting for herself.
Rationale. This helps the patient foster a sense of control and get distracted from pain.
Evaluation Statement Outcome is not met. Patient was still showing signs of anxiety when conversating with her. She does not demonstrate positive
skills to solve her anxiety. The nurse will reassess her within 48 hours.
Nursing Diagnosis Three
Deficient Knowledge related to lack of interest in learning as evidence by inaccurate follow–through of instructions and not compliant opioid usage
(Wilkinson, 2017, pg. 486).
Outcome Statement Patient will be able to perform new health–related behaviors as they are taught and list three specific skills by anticipated
discharge date on 4/27/2018.
Intervention

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) implies that acute pain, left untreated, can lead to chronic pain. Chronic pain
affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease and cancer combined and leads the cause of long–term disability in America.
The first step in taking control is determining which type of pain you have.
Acute pain can be brief or last for months. Acute pain goes away after the cause has been treated.
Chronic pain is ongoing. Chronic pain lingers for months or years and can impact your physical and emotional well–being.
Here are simple ways to help manage your chronic pain:
Watch Your Diet: According to Journal of Alternative and ComplementaryMedicine, staying away from processed foods can mitigate inflammation.
Incorporate leafy greens (spinach, kale and collards), omega–3 fatty acids, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Try to avoid diuretics such as coffee, soda, or juice.
Foods to Avoid: Certain chemicals in foods can cause inflammation. Avoid eating dairy, grain
–fed meat, refined grains, chocolate, tropical fruit,
processed foods, eggs and caffeine.
Turmeric: Turmeric is an antioxidant that exhibits anti–inflammatory properties to alleviate arthritis, muscle sprains and other chronic pain. Before
incorporating turmeric into your daily cooking, consult with your physician to ensure that you have no pre–existing conditions that may be impaired
by turmeric consumption. Excessive intake can cause complications with several medications and treatments.
Yoga and Meditation: Chronic pain changes the brain structure linking to depression, anxiety and impaired mental function. Yoga has a differing effect
on the brain and can relieve chronic pain by promoting strength and flexibility while calming the mind to reduce stress. Stress is known to cause
muscles to spasm. Practicing asana, the postures of yoga, breathing and meditation, trains your body to

Chronic Pain Informative Essay
Millions of people suffer with chronic pain; making it the top reason people go see the doctor. With a price tag of at least $635 billion a year, that's
more than cancer, heart disease and diabetes combined. While powerful painkillers help many folks cope, many people don't want to have to rely on a
bottle of pills for the rest of their life.
Dr. Fatima Salas, with the Grace Health System Pain Management Center, says many patients are concerned about dependency or addiction. "People
say 'I want to feel like myself again and clear–headed.' They want to try everything else before resorting to drugs." Dr. Salas will work with you to
develop the best line of treatment for your chronic pain–with and without drugs.
One popular pain therapy is nerve blocks. There are several different kinds that your doctor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They include chiropractic manipulation, massage and physical therapy. Many patients who tried spinal injections found them to be very helpful,
although the techniques their doctors used varied. One of the top treatments, though, is plain old exercise. While many people with chronic pain are
scared to move, experts say exercise could be considered as close to a magic bullet than anything else.
When pain patients get a move on, they are often pleasantly surprised at how well they feel. In fact, a recent survey of more than 14,000 people,
Consumer Reports found the best pain reliever was exercise. Dr. Salas adds exercise and losing weight "benefits your overall health, as well as pain."
Doctors say spinal cord stimulation is also very effective for most chronic pain, if appropriate. It involves electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to
interrupt pain signals from the spinal cord to the brain, and to trade a painful sensation with a more pleasant tingling sensation. Unlike other remedies,
stimulation can be tried on a temporary

Chronic Bodily Pain Research Paper
Chronic bodily pain occurs for a number of reasons, such as nerve damage from a vehicle accident, steroid–induced bone pain from cancer treatment,
and many other health problems. This kind of pain is defined as discomfort that lasts more than 12 weeks. It often makes daily activities challenging
and significantly less enjoyable, potentially resulting in sadness and depression because you never feel "right."
Thankfully, there are numerous chronic pain treatment options available, many of which can be combined to provide the relief you need:
Pain Medicine
Over–the–counter and prescribed pain medications relieve your symptoms so you can go about your life without feeling debilitated. A wide variety of
pain medicine options are available to

Chronic Pain
Brandy Shields
Mrs. Knutsen
ENC1101–83
16 April 2014
Chronic Pain: Curable or Not
Abstract
Chronic Pain is an interesting problem in society today. The exact cause of Chronic Pain is not the same in every patient. In fact most patients present
with different symptoms and associated pathologies, such as the strong link with depression. Treatment of Chronic Pain is often performed a single
practitioner whether that be a Medical Doctor, Chiropractor, Nutritionist, or an alternative health care professional. Chronic Pain is often extremely
complex, because of this treatment needs to be multidimensional. Effective care of Chronic Pain requires the collective cooperation of health care
professionals
Chronic pain is an increasing problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also pain may start with a disease or injury that persists due to stress emotional problems, improper treatment, or persistent abdominal pain signals in
the body. It is possible for chronic pain to occur any previous injury illness or known cause. Therefore, patientssuffering with chronic pain significantly
benefit from a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Often you achieve optimal care several different health professionals may be
involved in patient care alternative care to the traditional medical phonological could include but is not limited to traditional chiropractic care
nutritional diet yoga exercise acupuncture meditation support groups soft tissue therapies and network chiropractic. Often, they cannot be cured, that it
can be managed well enough through these alternative disciplines of care to improve the quality of life.
Medical Treatment
Most medical treatment for chronic pain includes from pharmaceutical treatments for pain management, which can range from over–the–counter
medicines like aspirin to prescription drugs. The problem with chronic pain management treatments that involve drugs is that they lose their
effectiveness. Worse they actually can create more chronic or that can add to the chronic pain cycle.
This class of opiate, opiate like narcotics

Example Of Chronic Back Pain
Chronic back and leg pain
Chronic back pain is usually experienced in the lower back, but can also spread to the legs or feet. The triggering cause of the pain can be a variety of
spinal diseases or injuries.
There are many factors that contribute to chronic back and leg pain, which is an extremely embarrassing and debilitating condition. Examples of such
factors as:
– The original illness was not completely treated or have come back.
– Complications arise after back surgery or in connection with the natural healing process after back surgery. Examples of this may be a part that
becomes irritated due to change of posture or movement patterns after surgery. Another example is when the scarring after surgery causes the nerves
become over–active

Chronic Pain Vs Acute Pain
No the brain does not perceive acute and chronic pain differently. The perception of pain is subjective to each individual person based on his or her
own mood, emotional state, and prior experience. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that there is no difference between someone
with chronic pain compared to a person with an acute pain. The fMRI shows that pain perception and related brain stimulation patterns were virtually
undistinguishable between chronic and acute pain. Most of the United States medical field does not understand nor manage chronic pain well. They
look at pain as a physical symptom but it's mainly psychological. We keep running the same neurons that produce pain and they get better at producing
pain,

Chronic Pain Explanatory Model
Chronic pain is often defined as pain lasting more than 12 weeks. It may arise from initial injury, such as a back sprain, or there may be an ongoing
issue such as illness. The assignment given consisted of finding a person who suffers from chronic pain to explore the ideas of illness classification,
the experience of pain and explanatory models. The interview process was executed on September 17, 2016 via face time lasting approximately 45
minutes in length. She gave me her oral consent for this interview. I explained that this information would be used for a chronic pain paper. (American
Chronic Pain Association) The subject is a 53 year old, Caucasian, upper middle class female currently in treatment for melanoma cancer. Currently, no
disease ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The initial diagnosis was made by her oncologist who was monitoring any changes over a six–month period after surgery and throughout radiation via
physical examinations. Increased swelling became visibly obvious as did decreased range of motion and restricted normal functioning of the right arm.
An occupational therapist and lymphedema specialist determined a follow up diagnosis after implementing a test using an electric current, which
measures fluid volume in the arm and right trunk. (Physical Therapy and Rehab Medicine 2010) Also, comparisons in range of motion were made to
the normal side on the left. Once the actual assessment of the problem was made, a plan was

Managing Chronic Pain
7 Practical Ways to Manage Your Chronic Pain
Pain can be unbearable. However, pain is a type of language that the body uses to communicate when something is wrong. Pain can appear suddenly or
build slowly. It is important to have acute pain treated so it doesn't become chronic.
Normally, chronic pain is caused by severe injuries or diseases, some of which could include spinal injury, trauma, thoracotomy, spinal surgery, and
arthritis.
Whatever the cause, there are some practical ways you can manage your chronic pain and ease its persistent effects.
1. Practice Relaxation Techniques
One of the ways to deal with pain is by directly addressing its physical or emotional causes. Relaxation is very important when it comes to chronic pain
management, as it helps reduce pain without the use of synthetic chemicals or drugs.
There are some techniques that can help reduce problems that worsen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As such, it will be easy and practical to manage such pain by making sure your body stays well hydrated. Water is always the best source of hydration,
as it does not contain caffeine, sodium, or extra calories.
If you are dealing with a chronic condition and want to stay hydrated, avoid the use of processed juices, coffee, and sodas since these have diuretic
effects that only increase your need for hydration.
3. Eat the Right Food
Your diet plays a very important role in pain management, especially if your pain is chronic. Some of the foods you consume on a daily basis could
aggravate chronic pain and should be avoided. Junk food, for example, can increase inflammation.
Instead, consume foods known to alleviate inflammation. The best foods are those high in omega–3 fatty acids and low in sugar. You should consider
leafy greens, fermented soy products, fruits, asparagus, cherries, and berries. 4. Use the Right Mattress, Pillow, and Bedding for

Chronic Pain Essay
Chronic Pain is a major health problem for many people, and it is defined as pain that persists or progresses for more than three months. Chronic pain
can be related to many other medical conditions such as cancer, fibromyalgia, diabetes, and arthritis as well as previous injury. Studying chronic pain is
important because inadequate treatment of chronic pain significantly reduces many people's ability to be active participants in their daily activities,
which has the potential of negatively affecting employment status and could possibly lead to depressive and anxious symptoms in people with chronic
pain. While there are increasing types of drug regimens to manage and relieve some aspects of chronic pain, the main source of persistent pain ... Show
To investigate whether this manipulation is effective, rodent models are used. Rodent models are invaluable resources in testing and characterizing the
nature of chronic pain because how similar the rat's spinothalamic tract is with a human's4, which allows for a greater understanding of the
fundamental ways that the pain circuitry in the body communicates so that pain perception and response can be generated. The inhibitory technique
used to prevent signaling from the AОґ fibers to the dorsal root ganglion is optogenetics. Optogenetic technologies give the ability to have fast and
precise control over circuitry elements within intact tissue of behaving animals, so that there can be real time observation of how different components
of a system affects a

Essay On Chronic Pain
Introduction Chronic pain is one of the most frequent diagnosis and the most common problem for which elderly patients in the clinical setting seek
help. Chronic pain refers to an unpleasant, distressful and uncomfortable feeling. Studies have shown that chronic pain is often undertreated even when
the prevalence rates and syndromes are well understood. The means of relief are within practitioners' capabilities to provide care. With careful
assessment and a comprehensive plan of care that addresses the various aspects of the patients needs; chronic pain can be controlled in the vast majority
of cases. Thus, awareness and provision of basic and specialized interventions can ensure comfort and improve quality of life. However, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientists have found that repeated pain from an acute injury changes the way the brain lets you know you have pain. Even after the injury has healed
pain messages replay over and over again. However, with the implementation of the concept of chronic pain, elderly patients can remain active and
productive if their pain is adequately relieved. As nurses caring for our elderly patients can help advocate for better pain relief when we encounter
patients who are not appropriately receiving treatment for their chronic pain. As healthcare providers, we can effectively provide pain control by
careful prescription, frequent re–evaluation and combining treatments to achieve better pain control.
Types of Pain Pain can usually be defined as nociceptive or neuropathic. It is important to differentiate among different types of pain because the type of
treatment is largely dictated by the pain mechanism and its original source. In some conditions, pain appears to be caused by complex mix of
nociceptive and neuropathic factors. In these cases, an initial nervous system dysfunction or injury trigger the neural release of inflammatory mediators
and subsequent neurogenic inflammation – migraine headaches, for example, are most likely a mix of neuropathic and nociceptive pain.
Nociceptive Pain. Nociceptive pain is typically the result of a musculoskeletal or visceral injury or disease and includes somatic and visceral
mechanisms. Primary afferent

Assignment On Chronic Pain Loging
Module 13–Discussion 2–Chronic Illness and Disability
Chronic Pain Journal Article
1.This assignment will be completed either in pairs or triads. View The Mystery of Chronic Pain. Then, go to the American Chronic Pain website. Look
at the Communication Tools. Be sure to review thePain Log.
a.Discuss your reaction to the video and to the pain scale/log. Consider the following questions:
My reaction to the video is that the most simple and light object can cause pain to a person who is dealing with chronic pain. It makes a certain area on
an individual's body that is in pain, a very sensitive spot/area. An area on an individual's body that have pain does send signals of the pain to the brain,
and back to the affected area. In my opinion, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research will be done in advance before meeting a client, so that I can be fully aware of his or her medical condition. I would do my research, by
looking at Internet sources, scholarly articles, and books to become knowledgeable of a client's condition, and what is efficient to assist my client
internally and externally. The research that I will know beforehand will help me to maintain a professional relationship with my client(s).
3.What did you learn from the Pain Log?
What I have learned from the Pain Log is that it wants to know more about an individual internally and externally. It is based on a scale of 0
(highest) to 10 (lowest) on what an individual do, and how he or she feels. The Pain Log is something new to me, and should be in doctor offices, and
hospitals. Even though there is a simple overall pain log of what level of pain currently experiencing; however, this pain log is different, by including
other important questions about an individuals well being.
b.Find a scholarly article that deals with working with people who have chronic pain.
1.Save the article as a pdf. Upload the article in doc

Chronic Pain Research
Living with constant pain can be debilitating and it can be a huge detriment in one's life. Chronic pain can impair an individual's ability to participate in
almost every day life regimes. Research has shown that chronic pain negatively impacts an individual's ability to maintain social connections (Lennon,
Link, Marbach, & Dohrenwend, 1989), employment and ability to undertake activities of daily living (Andersson, 1999). Chronic pain is significantly
related to a range of mental health difficulties, as well as reduced subjective well–being. A meta–analysis of chronic pain research suggests that there is
an interaction between a patient's symptoms of depression and the severity of their chronic pain (Tunks, Crook, & Weir, 2008), and that chronic... Show
once said "The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true
education". The key here is to educate the doctors and get them to educate their patients about opioids and their potent side effects. The more educated
the patient is the more likely they will make a well informed decision. Therapeutic patient education is a method that was established for the purpose
of enabling health care professionals to pass on their knowledge and expertise to patients so that patients can become partners in their own care
(Vargas–Schaffer & Cogan, 2014). By allowing the patient to engage in the educated decision making, it gives them a certain level of responsibility
for his or her own health. While this is the first step to diagnosis of chronic pain, this can allow patient to explore other non–steroidal
anti–inflammatory drugs, such as acupuncture, physiotherapy and physical exercise. This would transform what is now a solely medically driven,
pharmacologic approach to pain management into a patient–centered, multidisciplinary, complementary, and integrative medicine approach, and
maintain the patient as an active participant at the center of the pain management strategy (Vargas–Schaffer & Cogan, 2014). Again, this is very
important because with increased knowledge, patients modify their attitudes, improve their skills, and raise their aspirations in order to adapt their

Chronic Pain Vs Rehabilitation
Pain defined as an unpleasant physical suffering or sensation that is set off in the nervous system and affects a broad range of population from
neonates to elderly. Pain can be either acute in nature which could last for few days to a week, sub–acute (two weeks to twelve weeks) or chronic in
nature (lasts more than twelve weeks to years or even decades). In the world of rehabilitation, acute pain is seen as a warning sign and can be treated
whereas chronic pain is more complex but treatable. Physical therapists often treat patients suffering from chronic pain that is physically disabling in
nature. Evidence points out that pain is the universal complaint in emergency department visits and opioids, namely morphine is the norm of treatment
of

Classification Of Chronic Persistent Pain
Classification of Chronic Persistent Pain
Nociceptive pain is pain resulting when special nerve endings (nociceptors) are stimulated. A classic example is the initial pain from a burn. It is often
the pain of the acute phase but may become chronic. Patients complain of sharp and aching pain. It is part of many chronic pain conditions and
therefore was not given its own category in table 1.
CPP is pain that was expected to resolve, but lasting longer than 3 months, or beyond the usual course or disease causing the pain. The pain, and its
causes are frequently multifactorial, and maybe exacerbated by pathophysiology, psychosocial, environmental (loss of work) factors, and physical
disability.12,13 Pain can aggravate other medical, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the time, the pain is distributed in a neurological distribution. There maybe impairment in mood, quality of life, and activities of daily
living.20 Sensory deficit may present in a glove and stocking (peripheral neuropathy), dermatomal (mononeuropathy), or hemispheric (stroke)
distribution. Palpation of the skin may show coolness and mottling in a neurological distribution (autonomic neuropathy).17 Depending on the history
and clinical findings, work up may include chemistry profile, CBC, CRP, ESR, TSH, free T4, vitamin B1, B6, B12, RPR, HIV, Lyme titer, and ANA.
One may also consider MRI, CT, EMG, nerve conduction velocity, nerve biopsy, and skin biopsy.
Fibromyalgia (FM): The diagnosis of FM has been controversial over the years; it was felt to be a "garbage" diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed as
"hysterics," and told their pain was "imagined." Even though we do not understand its pathogenesis completely, an increasing body of abnormal
findings compared to controls supports the diagnosis, and alterations in the CNS may contribute to the chronic pain of FM.21 FM is the result of
centrally–mediated augmentation of pain and sensory process.21 This is supported by increased levels of various pain neurotransmitters, glutmate and
substance P,22,23 and fMRI data demonstrated low intensity stimuli in patients with fibromyalgia comparable to high intensity stimuli in controls.24
Patients present with diffuse pain, fatigue, and insomnia. Fibromyalgia tender

Chronic Pain: A Holistic Approach
Chronic pain is a major medical and social issue that affects millions of people, their families, the workforce and society in general. Although
definitions may vary, it is generally accepted that chronic pain originates in actual or potential tissue damage and lasts longer than six months after the
initial damage has healed. The Gateway Control of Pain Theory best explains the pathophysiology of pain and which also explains why thought out
emotions influences pain perception. Central Sensitization theorizes that the memory effect of repeated pain sensation maybe source of chronic pain.
Because chronic pain has an physical and emotional element the treatment of it requires a holistic approach. The Concept Theory of Nursing explains
how nursing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Central sensitization describes how the brain responses to repeated nerve impulses. When there is frequent stimulation in the brain the brain develops a
memory for that stimulation (Gudin, 2004). This memory allows for the brain to respond to the stimulation more rapidly the subsequent times and is
referred to as neuroplascity or central sensitization (Gudin, 2004). The effect usually only occurs after repeated experience with pain. Studies shows
that repeated exposure that causes the painful stimuli changes a person's threshold, which results in a stronger pain response. This theory explains why
we have phantom and chronic pain (Gudin, 2004). The concept of central sensitization shows attempts to define the source chronic pain and illustrates
how hard it is to control due to the fact the brain creates a memory. Once a person has established central sensitization, it is very difficult to treat. It is
just a nonstop stimulation of the nerve

Assessment Of Chronic Pain

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