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Heuristics for Becoming a
Learning Organisation

Karl Scotland
@kjscotland
http://KarlScotland.com
http://AvailAgility.co.uk
Descriptive
not 
Prescriptive
Heuristic: 

involving or serving as an aid to learning, discovery,
or problem solving by experimental and especially
train-and-error methods.

of, or relating to exploratory problem-solving
techniques that utilise self-educating techniques (as
the evaluation of feedback) to improve performance

Mirriam-Webster Dictionary
Heuristics
Replace
Rules
we need a clear rule for when (or
who) can break the rules and
heuristics that apply on the other side
of the boundary. If you have to break
the rules then that is OK, it will
happen, but you have to then follow
the heuristics.
cognitive-edge.com : Rules is Rules, Jan 29 2013
Disorder
Complicated
Knowable Causality
Good Practice
Sense – Analyse Respond
Simple
Known Causality
Best Practice
Sense – Categorise - Respond
Complex
Retrospective Causality
Emergent Practice
Probe – Sense - Respond
Chaotic
Incoherent Causality
Novel Practice
Act – Sense - Respond
Ordered
Unordered
Cynefin
Heuristics
Support
Substitution
a simple procedure that helps
find adequate, though often
imperfect answers to difficult
questions. The word comes
from the same root as eureka.

Daniel Kahneman
Consider the letter
K. Is K more likely to
appear as the first
letter in a word OR
as the third letter?
Heuristics Guide
Towards New
Possibilities
rules of thumb – that guide
us towards a solution by
way of organised
exploration of the
possibilities.
Roger Martin
The Knowledge Funnel
Mystery
Heuristics
Algorithm
Validity
Reliability
Inductive 

- what is
Deductive

– what must be
Abductive

– what might be
Flow
Value
Potential
Study
Share
Stabilise
Sense
Search
System
Interventions
 Impacts
What systemic problem,
difficulty or frustration
are we trying to
address, and who is
experiencing it?
System
Outputs

 
 
… create Outcomes

 
 
 
 
 
… which have Impact
More stories like this…
Fewer stories like that…
What stories might be
told about the work
going through a perfect
process which has
reliability and efficiency? 
Flow
Impacts
What stories might be
told about the work
creating an unbeatable
product which has validity
and effectiveness?
Value
Impacts
What stories might be
told about the work being
done by passionate
people who have flexibility
and euphoria? 
Potential
Impacts
Flow
 Value
 Potential
Process
 Product
 People
Reliability
 Validity
 Flexibility
Efficiency
 Effectiveness
 Euphoria
Study the context
Share the understanding
Stabilise the work
Sense the capability
Search the landscape
What could be done to
learn more about customer
and stakeholder needs, the
resultant demand, and how
that demand is processed? 
Study
Interventions
Customer
Demand
Process
Empathy
Interviews
Demand
Analysis
Value
Stream
Mapping
What information is
important to share, and how
can tokens, the inscriptions
on them, and their
placements, create a
common understanding? 
Share
Interventions
Dimensions
! Scope
! Time
! People
! Cost
! Quality
! Priority
! Status
! Capability
! Demand
! Value
! Issues
! Risks
! Constraints
! Dependencies
! Assumptions
! ?
TIPs
Token
Inscription
Placement
What policies could help
limit work in process, and
remove unnecessary or
unexpected delays or
rework? 
Stabilise
Interventions
Policies
!  WIP Limits
!  Definitions of Done/Ready
!  Scheduling
!  Classes of Service
!  Defects
!  Cadences
What measures and
meetings might create
insights and guide
decisions on potential
interventions? 
Sense
Interventions
ODIM
Outcome

 
 
Decisions

 
 
 
 
 
Insights

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Measures
Do it fast
Do the right thing
Do it right
Do it on time
 Keep doing it
Cadences
! Scheduling
! Planning
! Reporting
! Reviewing
!  Retrospection
!  Releasing
!  Learning
!  ?
What small experiments
could be run to safely
learn the impact of
different interventions? 
Search
Interventions
Double Loop Learning
Results
Strategies & Techniques
Assumptions
Background: What do you want to learn and why?
Frame the Experiment: What is your Problem Statement?
Write the Problem Statement from the Define worksheet here. What pain or problem is being experienced?
[Customer Segment] needs a way to [describe job to be done], (because|but|surprisingly) [describe insight].
Hypothesis to Test
[Specific repeatable action] will create [expected result].
Is this hypothesis falsifiable?
Experiment Details
Describe the experiment you plan to run and how you are going to attempt to falsify your hypothesis.
Safety: How is the experiment safe to run?
Describe how the experiment is safe to run.
Describe how you will recover from running the experiment upon completion or if you discover it isn’t safe to run.
Measures
What will you measure to invalidate your hypothesis?
What will you measure to indicate the experiment is safe to run?
What will you measure to indicate you should amplify the experiment?
Measures can be Qualitative and Quantitative.
Experiment Backlog
Stack ranked list of actions needed to run the experiment.
Next Steps: Given what you learned, what’s next?
Experiment Results and Learnings
Describe what you learned from the experiment? Did you invalidate your hypothesis or does it live on?
Experiment Name:
Owner:
Mentor: Date:
V 1.0
If we can’t generate 5-10
options for a solution it
means we are overly
constrained and have too
little diversity.
Jabe Bloom
http://kanban-thinking.net
?
?
Thank You!

Karl Scotland
@kjscotland
http://KarlScotland.com
http://AvailAgility.co.uk
http://kanban-thinking.net

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Heuristics for Becoming a Learning Organisation