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This document analyzes the relationship between foreign players in European club football and the quality of national teams. It finds that for some countries like England, having more foreign players in their domestic leagues is positively correlated with national team performance over time. For countries like France, Norway, and Greece, having more of their domestic players playing abroad for foreign clubs is positively correlated with national team quality. However, the document notes there could be other factors involved and the relationships require more analysis.
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Heilbron
- 1. The invasion of foreign players into European club football – Does it influence the quality of national teams Harry Arne Solberg and Kjetil Haugen
- 2. This presentation • International movement of footballers – recent patterns • The consequences for national teams in: – Importing nations – Exporting nations
- 3. Percentage of foreigners in European leagues Season: England Italy Spain Netherlands Norway 1992/93 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1996/97 21 18 29 n.a. n.a. 2000/01 36 35 35 35 15 2004/05 40 31 30 36 21 2007/08 43 (06/07) 36 39 37 34
- 4. Major clubs – percentage of foreigners: Club: Nation 1998/99 2007/08 Arsenal England 48 92 Chelsea England 63 59 Liverpool England 49 64 Man United England 33 56 Inter Italy 63 85 Juventus Italy 42 42 AC Milan Italy 41 54 Roma Italy 48 50
- 5. Club Nation 1998/99 2007/08 Bayern Münich Germany 28 50 Borussia Dortmund Germany 39 52 Stuttgart Germany 48 56 Lyon France 13 41 Monaco France 25 42 Paris S. Germain France 30 25 Barcelona Spain 53 65 Real Madrid Spain 48 67 Valencia Spain 56 32
- 7. The imported players origin (%) England France Germany Italy Spain Western Europe 58 12 34 24 31 Eastern Europe 11 13 28 19 8 Latin America 7 28 20 44 56 Africa 12 46 8 10 5 Other 12 1 9 4 1 100 100 100 100 100
- 8. Overseas TV rights – 2007/08 season EPL Spanish Primera Liga Italian Serie A America €15,5 million €18,7 million €12 million Asia/Oceania €170,5 million €25,3 million €27 million Europe €74,4 million €49,5 million €47 million Middle East / Africa €49,6 million €17,6 million €14 million Total €310 million €110 million €100 million
- 9. The consequences for national teams
- 10. Trevor Brooking (English football's director of development): • The growing number of foreign players in the Premier League has deprived domestic talent of first-team football. This has had a detrimental effect on England's chances of being successful in major tournaments. The national team has to be under threat - the numbers show that. I don't think you can underestimate it. It's a major concern.”
- 11. Åge Hareide (Norwegian national coach): • “The development is unfortunate. When young players are disallowed from playing, this will reduce the quality of the national team”.
- 12. Survey (The Football Fans Census). • 59% of English fans feared that the influx of foreign stars in the Premier League had a negative impact on the national side.
- 13. Research question • Do foreigners influence the quality of national teams in: – Importing nations – Exporting nations
- 14. Theoretical perspective • The quality of input (footballers) influenced by the ”daily” milieu • Those playing in the best leagues improve relatively to the others • Italy, Spain, England and Germany on top of the European club football hierarchy
- 15. Champions League - team distribution Quarter- finals Semi-finals Finals Italy 17 23 27 Spain 22 23 23 Germany 13 England 18 21 15 Netherlands 6 8 8 France 8 8 4 Portugal 5 1 4 Greece 4 1 0 Others 7 5 0 70 10 77 19 84
- 16. Method • FIFA-ranking as quality index (end of year) • Percentage of foreigners in own domestic league • Percentage of national players in foreign leagues • Also measured lag effect • Performances in Champions League =>
- 17. Correlation coefficients Between: • FIFA-rank and foreigners in domestic league and • FIFA-rank and ”internationals” at foreign teams”
- 18. Results
- 19. FIFArank FIFA-rank year t+1 Pearson Correlation -,447 -,481 Sig. (2tailed) ,195 ,190 10 9 ,708(**) ,607(*) ,007 ,036 13 12 France Foreigners percent N Internationals Pearson at foreign Correlation teams Sig. (2tailed) N
- 20. FIFA-rank FIFA-rank year t+1 ,529(*) ,547(*) ,043 ,043 15 14 Pearson Correlation -,104 ,160 Sig. (2tailed) ,736 ,601 13 13 England Foreigners percent Pearson Correlation Sig. (2tailed) N Internationals at foreign teams N
- 21. FIFA-rank FIFA-rank year t+1 Pearson Correlation -,626 -,303 Sig. (2-tailed) ,097 ,509 8 7 Pearson Correlation ,657(**) ,562(*) Sig. (2-tailed) ,008 ,036 15 14 Norway Foreigners percent N Internationals at foreign teams N
- 22. FIFA-rank FIFA-rank year t+1 Pearson Correlation ,393 ,216 Sig. (2-tailed) ,512 ,728 5 5 ,553(*) ,691(**) ,032 ,006 15 14 Greece Foreigners percent N Internationals Pearson at foreign Correlation teams Sig. (2-tailed) N
- 23. Conclusions England: • Positive correlation between foreigners in EPL and national team’s performance • Importing players improve the English national team(?) France, Norway, Greece: • Positive correlation between national team’s performance and the number of internationals playing for foreign teams • Exporting players improve the national team Other factors?????????????!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!