DUS characterisation pigeon pea

1. WELCOME

2. KIRAN DASANAL
PALB7319
DISTINCTIVENESS, UNIFORMITY AND
STABILITY (DUS)
Characteristics of
PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan )

3. INTRODUCTION
 Pigeonpea (red gram, arhar, Tur) is important pulse crop next to chickpea in
India.
 Scientific name - Cajanus cajan
 Chromosome number: 2n=2x=22
 Origin – India/ Africa
 Often cross pollinated crop
 Cultivar group : Cajanus cajan var. bicolor.
Cajanus cajan var. flavus

4. Taxonomy
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyte
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Cajanus
Species: cajan
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5. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PIGEON PEA FLOWER

6. FLORAL PARTS OF PIGEON PEA

7. What is DUS Test?
Plant variety protection can only be granted in respect of a new plant variety
after examination, for that UPOV Convention Acts laid down criteria viz.
novelty (N), distinctness (D), uniformity (U) and stability (S) ‘DUS’ or ‘NDUS’
in short.
Why?
Essential requirement for registration of new variety(s) under PPV & FR Act, 2001
Variety be examined for compliance with Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability
criteria needed for registration.
How?
Involves comparison of new (candidate) variety against existing varieties for
recording a number of morphological/physiological characters, by growing new
and existing varieties side-by-side.

8.  Must be clearly distinguishable for at least one essential character from
the varieties of common knowledge in India and out side.
 Essential character is a heritable trait which is determined by one or more genes
or other heritable determinants that contribute to the principal features,
performance or value of the plant variety.
 Uniform, when subjected to the variation that may be expected and allowed due
to the specific nature of the reproduction of the crop such as vegetative, self-
and cross-pollinated.
DISTINCTNESS
UNIFORMITY
STABILITY
Stable when all essential characters remain unchanged after repeated propagation or
specified cycle of propagation

9. Materials required:
1. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Authority (PPV&FRA)
shall decide when, where and in what quantity and quality of the seed material
is required for testing a varietal denomination applied for registration, under
The PPV&FR Act, 2001.
3. The seeds submitted shall have the following standards:
a) Germination : 95% (Minimum) b) Moisture content : 8-9% (Maximum)
c) Physical purity : 98% (Minimum) d) Inert matter : 2-3% (Maximum)
2. The minimum quantity of the seed to be provided by the applicant shall be
2000 gram in the case of the candidate variety or hybrid and 1500 gram for
each of the parental line of the hybrid.

10. 4. The applicant shall also submit along with the seed a certified data on
germination test made not more than one month prior to the date of
submission. It also shall possess the highest genetic purity, uniformity,
sanitary and Phyto-sanitary standards as per national requirements.
5. The plant material shall not have been subjected to any chemical and bio-
physical treatment.

11. 11
Conduct of tests:
1.The minimum duration of the DUS test shall normally be at least two independent
similar growing seasons.
2. The test shall normally be conducted at least at two test locations. If any essential
characteristics of the candidate variety are not expressed for visual observation at these
locations, the variety shall be considered for further examination at another appropriate
test site or under special test protocol.
3. The field test shall be carried out under conditions favoring normal growth and
expression of all test characteristics.
4.Each test shall include about 500 plants across four replications.

12. 5. Test plot design:
6. Observations shall not be recorded on plants in border rows.
7. Additional tests for special purpose shall be established by the
PPV& FR Authority.
Number of rows 06
Row length 5.0 m
Row to row distance 60 cm (early varieties)
80 cm (Late varieties)
Plant to plant
distance
20 cm
Number of
replications
04

13. Methods and observation
 The characteristics described in the Table of characteristics (see section
VII) shall be used for the testing of varieties, inbred lines and hybrids for
their DUS.
 For the assessment of Distinctiveness and Stability observations shall be
made on 40 plants or parts of 40 plants, which shall be equally divided
among 4 replications (10 plants per replication).
 For the assessment of Uniformity of characteristics on the plot as a
whole (visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or
parts of plants), a population standard of 1% with an acceptance
probability of at least 95% shall be applied. In the case of a sample size
of 300 plants, the number of off-types shall not exceed 4.

14. • All observations on growth habit and leaf shall be made at the time of full
flowering unless indicated otherwise.
• All observations on the pod shall be made at dough stage unless indicated
otherwise.
• All observations on the seed shall be made on harvested dry seeds.
• For the assessment of all colour characteristics, the latest Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS) colour chart shall be used.
CONT….

15. CHARACTERISTICS & SYMBOL
1.To assess DUS, the characteristics and their states as given in the Table of characteristics.
2. Notes (1 to 9) shall be given for each state of expression for different characteristics for the
purpose of electronic data processing.
3. Legend :
• (*) Characteristics that shall be observed during every growing season on all varieties and
shall always be included in the description of the variety, except when the state of
expression of any of these characters is rendered impossible by a preceding phenological
characteristic or by the environmental conditions of the testing region. Under such
exceptional situation, adequate explanation shall be provided.
• (+) It is to be noted that for certain characteristics the plant parts on which observations to
be taken are given in the explanation or figure(s) for clarity and not the colour variation.

16. CONT….
4. The optimum stage of plant growth for assessment of each characteristic is given in
the sixth column.
5. Type of assessment of characteristics indicated in column 7 of Table of characteristics
is as follows:
• MG : Measurement by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants
• MS : Measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants
• VG : Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of
plants
• VS : Visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants

17. Grouping of varieties:
• The candidate varieties for DUS testing shall be divided into groups to
facilitate assessment of Distinctness. Characteristics which are suitable for
grouping purpose are those which do not vary or vary slightly, within a variety.
• The following characteristics are proposed to be used for grouping pigeon
pea varieties:
• Time of flowering (Characteristic 3)
• Plant: Growth habit (Characteristic 4)
• Stem: Colour (Characteristic 5)
• Pod: Waxiness (Characteristic 12)
• Seed: Colour (Characteristic 18)

18. Table of characteristics

19. Plant: Branching pattern
Erect Semi-spreading Spreading

21. Plant growth habit

23. Leaf shape

24. STEM COLOUR

27. Colour of base peatal
Pattern of streaks on the petal

29. Pod colour variation

32. Seed colour variation

33. Seed colour pattern

34. Seed shape

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