The Model Of The Putnam Model

The Model Of The Putnam Model
This is one of another popular software cost model that is known as the Putnam model. The form of
this model is driven around key aspects of: Technical constant C is driven by formula of = size *
B1/3 * T4/3 Total Person Months B is driven by formula of =1/T4 *(size/C)3 T= Required
Development Time in years Size is estimated in LOC In the given case, the C as a parameter is
further influenced by the development environment and It is determined on the basis of historical
data of the past projects. Rating: C=2,000 (poor), C=8000 (good) C=12,000 (excellent). The Putnam
model is considered to be the sensitive and specific model that was developed so as to manage the
reduction in development time and able to further drives the person–months need to manage the
project specific development. The major challenge with applicability of the PUTNAM model is that
the accuracy of the estimates is further driven by the known facts and size (in lines of code) of the
software can be further deployed accordingly. 3.1.8. Fuzzy Method The fuzzy method logic can be
applied in all work based software development and driven by factors like human behaviour and
reasoning. The decision making difficulties are tracked and there is tool efficiency used to approach.
The four key steps under the given methods are:  The first key step is to do fuzzification and using
the trapezoidal of the numbers to develop start up numbers.  The second key step is to simplify the
complexity of metrics through
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Report of Software Maintence
INTRODUCTION Software Engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all
aspect of software production. It also concerned with all aspects of computer–based systems
development including hardware, software, and process engineering. SOFTWARE
MAINTENANCE Software development efforts result in the delivery of a software product that
satisfies user requirements. Accordingly, the software product must change or evolve. Once in
operation, defects are uncovered, operating environments change, and new user requirements
surface. The maintenance phase of the life cycle begins following a warranty period or post
implementation support delivery, but maintenance activities occur much earlier. Software
maintenance is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Five key characteristics comprise the maintainer's activities: Maintaining control over the software's
day to–day functions Maintaining control over software modification Perfecting existing functions
Identifying security threats and fixing security vulnerabilities Preventing software performance from
degrading to unacceptable levels Majority of Maintenance Costs Maintenance consumes a major
share of the financial resources in a software life cycle. A common perception of software
maintenance is that it merely fixes faults. However, studies and surveys over the years have
indicated that the majority, over 80 percent, of software maintenance is used for non–corrective
actions Grouping enhancements and corrections togetherin management reports contributes to some
misconceptions regarding the high cost of corrections. Understanding the categories of software
maintenance helps to understand the structure of software maintenance costs. Also, understanding
the factors that influence the maintainability of software can help to contain costs. Some
environmental factors and their relationship to software Maintenance costs include the following:
Operating environment refers to hardware and software. Organizational environment refers to
policies, competition, process, product, and personnel. Evolution of

Outline Of An Application Of A Office Representative Essay
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project summary:– Generally, Medical Representative (MR)
having more than one tasks allocated by manager, which have to be done at given time duration.
Sometimes that couldn't. So, this app provides everything which MR needs to keep a record of the
meetings, generate report, and view locations to be visited during the whole day, alarms to remind
him of the next meeting. Live chat with the Company Manager about any doubt or else.
Rescheduling of the meeting and set date for the next meeting. View Maps for the locations and
routes. Allocate tasks to the MR by the manager direct through the app. Keep a track of the locations
visited and remaining through the app itself. Complete target by MR by viewing the graph. 1.2
Purpose : Goals & Objectives:–  Purpose: The purpose of this application is to enable Medical
Representatives to effectively manage his products by providing him a real time view of the Product
Status and Information in the market anytime anywhere. It enables the Medical Representative to
monitor the Scheduled Activities for the products, thus allows him to keep a track of the Activity
Progress of the products and also maintain the appointment schedules. He can also view the
Analytical Reports and Activity for the products and the company can derive major market decisions
based on the real time analysis.  Goals & Objectives: The primary goal of this application is,
Manager can give the tasks to the MR at anytime anywhere. MR

Advantages And Disadvantages Of SOA Project
Abstract: In the last few decades SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) has become the new trend in
the IT industry. Many organizations tend to migrate to SOA in order to cope with the rapidly
changing business. Effort estimation of SOA projects has become a real challenge to project
managers due to the limited literatures addressing this issue. The traditional effort estimation
techniques do not fit SOA projects entirely, as SOA has unique characteristics were not addressed by
the traditional cost estimation approaches. These characteristics include: loose coupling, reusability,
composability and discoverability. On the other hand, SOA cost estimation approaches are still
immature and can't be used in real life projects, as they are more guidelines ... Show more content
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Also, it is more guidelines than a practical cost estimation approach, which makes it hard to be
applied in real projects.
AUS–SMAT Framework:
AUS–SMAT Framework ‎
was developed by NICTA organization‎
‎
[7]. It aims to develop a framework
for scope, cost and effort for SOA projects. In this framework the SOA project is decomposed into
its constituent services. Each service is classified to its type either: service mining, service
development, service integration or application development. Each service type has its own specific
activities, templates, cost factors and cost functions. The overall cost of the project will be a
summation of the cost of its constituent services.
Divide and Conquer (D&C) Approach: The Divide and Conquer approach‎
‎
‎‎
[5] was inspired from the
divide and conquer algorithm that is used to solve complicated problems. This cost estimation
approach not only takes the advantage of composability nature of services but also solves the
complexity problem of SOA. The whole project is broken down into services; the cost of each
service is estimated. The overall cost of the application is the summation of the cost of the
component services ‎
‎

Synopsis Of A Business System Analyst With 13 Years Of...
SYNOPSIS Business System Analyst with 13 years of diverse experience in Information
Technology with focus on Business Analysis, Business Modelling & Requirement Gathering.
Excellent verbal and written communication skills. Able to document and present the results of
analysis clearly and concisely, using effective written reports and diagrams. Full life cycle analysis
and documentation, including Terms of Reference, Business Requirements, Functional & Non–
Functional Specifications and Implementation Plans. Facilitation of interactive workshops to gather
requirements successfully. Proficient in Technical and Business Writing, Business Process Flow,
Business Process Modelling, Business Analysis and Testing. Expertise in ... Show more content on
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Application/Web Severs Web Sphere Application Developer (WSAD), Eclipse 3.4, Rational
Application Developer (RAD), Spring Tool Suite (STS) and Provenir Version Control Tools: –
Rational Clear case, Visual Source Safe, PVCS and SVN Operating Systems:–Windows XP and
Windows 7 & 10 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Walgreens Boots Alliance (WBA), Nottingham,
UK Aug'15 – Till Date IT Business Analyst Projects: Projects in HR, Commercial & Marketing
Portfolio The role involved in participating in the development of RFIs, RFPs and vendor selection
matrices for SAAS, COTS and Cloud–based software solutions, working on multiple projects
concurrently. Interaction with different vendors i.e. Samarind, Bubble Innovator, Siemens Team
Center, IBM Kenexa, Salesforce, SharePoint, Tableau, Benefex are a few to name. Responsibilities:
Used the guidelines and artefacts of the Agile Rational Unified Process (RUP) to strategize
Implementation of RUP effort in different iterations and phases of the SDLC. Prepared accurate and
detailed requirement specifications documents, user interface guides, functional specification
documents, process and data flows Liaised with our system vendors, HR business partners, IT, legal
and

Case Analysis : Project Manager And Company
1. Introduction and Case Summary
The first case study is related with the estimating problem. Barbara was assigned role as project
manager and company has a process that whenever they do receive RFP (Request for proposal) then
it is reviewed by senior management and jointly worked by proposal department. Proposal
department has estimating team that enable establishing project estimates on basis of inputs received
from functional managers. Barbara has no role to play during bidding process for new projects and
her knowledge is only used once contract is awarded to the company.
Barbara believes in review the estimates that are submitted during the proposal process. The critical
work package is to review estimate for one grade seven full time employee for twelve weeks of
period. Barbara has some background info on this task and knew that one person would be required
full time for fourteen weeks. Estimation team confirmed that they used the three point estimates
where minimum timeframe was four weeks and most likely thirteen weeks therefore being
pessimistic they put the sixteen week timeframe.
Barbara knew that three point estimate was not correct since estimations were not based on
complexity of project and only suits the need of small project. The estimation group was not
considering the complexity factor during making three point estimates. The right way to do such
calculation was to use the triangular distribution to get estimates around likelihood of occurrence.
Since

Agile Methodology Of Software Development
Agile methodology of Software development includes all the steps defined above but in continuous
iteration cycles. Each iteration cycle is termed as a "Sprint". Like any software project, business
stakeholders initially define the business idea and business analysts work on putting an initial
version of the business requirements document. Rather than building the whole product at once, the
entire application is divided into numerous working modules. Each individual module is
implemented within a sprint cycle. The modules selected for development in each sprint cycle
undergo all the steps defined in the common software development lifecycle. Before the sprint cycle
begins, User Stories are developed by business team and these user stories are handed over to the
development team. A user story is a document created by the business analyst and it includes the
initial requirement, use cases, negative scenarios, test cases and exceptions. In the beginning of each
sprint cycle, these user stories are presented to the developers for effort estimation. Once the effort
estimation is finalized the scrum master takes the responsibility of handing over the user stories to
developers in the team in the form of tickets. A user story can be broken down into multiple tickets.
There are many applications like JIRA, HPQC, Rally etc., that help the management team in ticket
assignment process, sprint planning and progress tracking. The role of a developer is to work on
those individual

Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment 1
Organization Testing
Phillip G keels
Department of Information Technology
ECPI University August 13, 2015
Table of Contents
Cost calculation of project 3
Role of project manager 4
Waterfall model 5
Testing method 6
Conclusion 6
References 7
Cost calculation of project
The cost, team size and LOC are measured on the bases of COCOMO model. It is a constructive
cost mode. Effort of the project is calculated by the help of algorithm models. One of these models
which are widely used is COCOMO model. For the cost estimation of any project, COCOMO
(constructive cost model) is used. This model was developed by Boehm in 1981. There are three
versions of the COCOMO which are listed below:
Basic COCOMO.
Intermediate COCOMO. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, the quality characteristics which are must be maintained by the software are
known as non–functional requirements. The functional requirements of the software are must be
tested at the beginning phase but the security requirements, reliability and safety requirements
(Non–functional requirements) are tested after the end of propose process.
For the system, which should never be failed, the reliability test of the software should be done. For
this, the black box and white box testing should be done on the software. After the successful
development of the software, a beta version should be released. The errors and bugs related to the
security and functional requirements can be find out in an easy manner.
Conclusion
For the given project, project manager plays very important role. He/she will decide role of each
team member, team size, etc. The selection of development model is also done by him. The waterfall
model is basic model and is recommended. The black box and white box testing methods will be
selected for testing the project.
References

Sheta, A. F. (2006). Estimation of the COCOMO model parameters using genetic algorithms for
NASA software projects. Journal of Computer Science, 2(2),

Defect Correction Is The Remediation Of A Software Condition
Defect Correction
Defect correction is the remediation of a software condition or result that contradicts or does not
meet the needs of the software requirements (Defect, 2010). The agile test model is an automated
and efficient process for detecting requirements and functionality variations (Tarhan & Yilmaz,
2014). Also, unit testing activities are performed earlier within the life cycle and defects are
identified sooner (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). The early identification of defects minimizes the costs
for defect correction or rework (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). The accelerated timeframe allows teams to
remediate defects before functionalities are demonstrated or sent to the customer for user acceptance
testing (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). Without incremental methods, as evident in the waterfall model,
identified defects are unknown until post customer delivery (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). As a result,
the estimated costs for software development are exceeded to remedy code defects or cover the
expense of rework for issues that customers identify post implementation (Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014).
Finally, post development defects may result in the loss of customers given the impact and severity
(Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014). An empirical study of development models revealed that agile model
performance was superior to that of waterfall with respect to defect detection and cost control
(Tarhan & Yilmaz, 2014).
Estimation
Estimation is the process by which teams provide an assessment of the level of

Software Engineering Trends
Objective of this research paper is to learn and understand the recent changes in software
engineering and how it can pave way to an advanced method of software engineering in the coming
future. Hence this paper will be based on how current trends in software development would affect
the future. Software development and maintenance started to become major corporate concerns in
the last half of the 20th century. Even though most companies could not endure or compete
successfully without software and computers; even in 2011, senior executive management remains
troubled by a set of chronic problems associated with software applications: extended schedules,
major cost exceeding, sub–par quality, and reduced user satisfaction. These problems ... Show more
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For example, software to calculate and verify the developmental phases of a building will be able to
redesign the whole building itself. The software will be multi–purpose and the software components
will be ready for evolution. The evolution feature will be similar to an add–on that is used along
with Internet browsers. The required add–on would have to purchased and attached to the software
to get the evolutionary effect. Methodologies and Tools: The labor content of software projects is
extraordinarily high. Many software methodologies, tools, languages, and technology vendors claim
to displace human effort through automation with 10– or 20–to–1 improvements in productivity. In
real life, these claims do not even come near. Only companies that measure software productivity
and quality can find their way through the tough competition and pick a truly effective path. The ad–
hoc methodology is mainly used for problems that require a simple solution. If the customer knows
exactly what they require and the developer knows how to provide it to them and has the right tools
and equipment to do so then there is a good chance of success and project accomplishment. The
scenarios that represent several commonly seen problems in software development are namely

Unified Modelling Language
2. STUDY AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter gives the brief
introduction about the study and literature review of report. Here we will discuss the details of
literature review with summary of this literature survey. 2.2 RELATED WORK 1. Ghislain
Levesque et al. [1] have proposed a estimating software size with unified models. Automate the
measure from a UML perspective and the other to add an objective measure of complexity to a
standard measure in COSMIC–FFP in order to reach a higher level of confidence with those
measures. So far, it can be concluded that, from UML use–cases and Actor–Object sequence
diagrams of a system application, the number of messages exchanged correspond to the number of
function points according to the COSMIC–FFP method. The main advantage of this approach to
benefit from the UML standard modeling notation and the training done with software engineers to
model the software with the UML notation 2. Vipin Saxena et al. [2] have proposed the performance
of function point analysis though UML modeling. In software development, estimation of software
size is one of the major activities. Various types of metrics are available for computation of software
size. It is necessary to check the performance of each metric. Lines of code, objects and function
point analysis are widely used for measurements of software size, cost and schedule of development.
The Function Point (FP) Analysis is one of the most promising techniques for

Project Planning For A Suitable Development Model Essay
2.1.1 PROJECT PLANNING: Project planning consists of the following important activities: 
Effort, cost, resource and project duration estimation.  Risk identification and analysis. An
important task performed during the project planning stage is the selection of a suitable development
model. We are developing E – परीक्षा web–site which is based on Spiral Model, because it offers a
means of making the development process more visible. Because of the cascade from one phase to
another, this model is known as Spiral Model. It is also known as System Life Cycle. 2.1.1.1 The
Spiral Model: Spiral model is a combination of iterative development process model and sequential
linear development model i.e. waterfall model with very high emphasis on risk analysis. It allows
for incremental releases of the product, or incremental refinement through each iteration around the
spiral. The spiral model has four phases. A software project repeatedly passes through these phases
in iterations called "Spirals". 1) IDENTIFICATION 2) DESIGN 3) CONSTRUCTOR BUILD 4)
EVALUATION AND RISK ANALYSIS 1) IDENTIFICATION : This phase starts with gathering
the business requirements in the baseline spiral. In the subsequent spirals as the product matures,
identification of system requirements, subsystem requirements and unit requirements are all done in
this phase. This also includes understanding the system requirements by continuous communication
between the customer and the system

The Agile Software Development ( Asd )
[1]The Agile software development (ASD) methodologies have been established in various streams
like academic, educational and also in professional software development. Understanding of how
ASD methodologies are used, the kind of acceptance, successes and failures they have in the
mentioned streams would be the main exploration. The findings from the web–based survey of
Microsoft employees who involved in development, testing and management have indicated that
around one–third of the people use ASD and the SCRUM is the most popular ASD methodology.
[2]Agile methods can be mainly used in environments which are unpredictable and helps in
succeeding over such environments which are in the reality today. This can be achieved by
collecting the realigned development goals continuously with the customer expected requirements.
Agile methods concentrate more on improvising the communications and interactions among all the
stakeholders, promotes constant feedback, focuses mainly on the error free code, transparency and
constant testing to get higher quality. Yet, agile practices are only subjected to a context. [3]The
literature review is done focusing on evaluating the agile methodology present in a selection of
scientific software projects. Both projects with complete agile practices and projects with certain
degree of agile elements are taken into consideration. This agility assessment helps in covering the
two most important agile reference models, the SCRUM and XP. Here we

A Book Call The Mythical Man Month
Man Month which represents the production effort a single persons in a 4 week period. This is also
known as labor month. To figure out the total hour of a man–month is done this way. A man day
usually runs 8 hours a day for five days a week which equals forty hours a week (8 hours a day * 5
days a week = 40 hours a week). In a normal mouth you will have for weeks within that month, so
we take the forty hours a week and multiply that by four which will gives us one hundred and sixty
hours a month (40 hours a week * 4 = 160 hours a month) . Brooks 's law says that the possibility of
measuring useful work in man–months is a myth, and is hence the centerpiece of the book. In 1975
Fred Brooks wrote a book call The Mythical Man–Month. This book ... Show more content on
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This will have to be reputable with a set of multipart interrelationships between tasks and the
workers that will be performing them. Consequently, a project already running behind its schedule
will cause it to become an even later project by assigning more programmers to. Why? Simple, to
get new programmers up to par on the project will take time. They will have to increase the
communication overhead will consume an increasing amount of the calendar time that is available.
As in increases, the communication between people among themselves and their output decreases,
the project will become delayed further with ever person that is added. According to Brooks himself,
the law is an "outrageous oversimplification" but it internments the general rule. There are two
points that Brooks takes into factor and explain why it works this way: When people are added to a
project, it takes time before the project become productive. In his book, The Mythical Man–Month,
calls this the ramp up time. Engineering events in software projects are sometime complex that the
new workers must become educated on the project work that was preceded before they began work.
This normally requires diverting resources that are already busy within the project to educate the
late comers, putting a temporary halt to their productivity in order to work with new workers who
are not contributing expressively yet. Every worker that join the team need to also integrate with

Nt1330 Final Exam
1. Under which circumstances might the Lehman's laws break down? Answer: 1. Maintenance is
inevitable – environment, error & enhancement 2. Changes degrade structure – ad hoc nature of
changes 3. For large systems, early process constrains later development – organizational overhead
& inertias 4. Development rate is invariant – organizational overhead & inertias 5. Modification /
release is invariant – more functionality more faults bounds progress 6. Functionality increases –
this is observable 7. Quality decreases – expected from ad hoc changes & complexity 8. Feedback is
necessary for real improvement – takes an end user view seriously 2. Under which circumstances
might an organization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
c) When support for the tools and language used to develop the software is unavailable. This is a
particular problem with early 4GLs where, in many cases, the vendors are no longer in business. 3.
It seems odd that cost and schedule estimates are developed during software project planning–before
detailed software requirements analysis or design have been conducted. Why do you think this is
done and under which circumstances do you think this should not be done? Answer: to answer this
question very important to see the all four important and basic steps software cost estimation as
followed:– – Estimate the size of the development product. This generally ends up in either Lines of
code or Function point, but the other possible unit of measure. – Estimate the staff effort in person–
months or person–hours. – Estimate the development schedule in calendar months. – Estimate the
development project cost in dollars (or rupees) – Cost and estimation is done so that cost and
schedule estimates are done developed during this time. 4. Do you think performance can be
interpreted differently depending upon the software application area? Justify your

Software Project Failure Essay
Failure of Software Project : There are many reasons for the failure of the project here are the few
reasons how there is a failure accourance for the software projects. ⦁ The first reason is no proper
planning for the project. ⦁ No sufficent time ⦁ No sufficient budget ⦁ No good communication. ⦁ No
proper testing ⦁ Not reaching to industry standards. No Sufficent time : The deadline for the project
is decided before the project starts. As the deadline is given we start assuming that the sooner we
start coding the sooner we will finish. This kind of apporach is always wrong. It is very importatnt
to spend time for creating a good design for the product with out a proper design that leads for
continious changes for the project. So when this happens there is no sufficient time because lot of
time gets wasted. No Sufficient Budget : Many of the projects have low budgets based on their own
requirments. When this happens everything slows down eventually and the quality suffers. No Good
Communication : There should always be a good communication with development team ,the users
and the customers. This one of the important thing for the success of the project. No proper Testing :
When the product to be delivered in the moment the only thing that suffers is testing. All the testing
is left pending untill the coding is done from the development team.So, this results the product with
lot of bugs and custmer feel unhappy. Not reaching to industry standards : Conforming to industry

Planning Of Implementation Of Proposed Work Essay
Planning of Implementation of proposed work This plan is the basis for the execution and tracking
of all activities that are components of the project. An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to
initialize with a full specification of requirements. Instead, development of the software begins by
specifying and implementing just part of it, which can then be verified and reviewed in order to
identify further requirements. This process is then repeated many times iteratively, producing a new
version of the software for each cycle of the model by improving it step by step. In iterative model
we are building and improving the product step by step. Hence we can identify the defects at early
stages of the project development.This helps to avoids the downward flow of the defects. In iterative
model, we can get the reliable user feedback time to time. While presenting sketches and blueprints
of the product to users for their valuable feedback, we are effectively asking them to imagine how
the product will work. In iterative model little time is spent on documenting process and more time
is given for designing part. We can use the iterative mode for software development when the
requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood and also the project is big
scale. Figure 3.1: Iterative Waterfall Model GHRIET–Pune, Department of Computer Engineering,
2016 Fault Tolerant System For 3 hop routing protocol in HWN's 11 Table 3.1: Implementation Plan
Task

The Challenges, Solutions, Models, Tools And Tools
Introduction
This paper presents a systematic literature review of the challenges, solutions, models, tools and an
example in Distributed Software Development (DSD). The objective is to collect and systematize
reported knowledge in terms of what are the difficulties in managing DSD projects, what are the
best practices to overcome these difficulties, and how existing models and tools support these
practices.
The DSD is a phenomenon with considerable interest from companies all over the world where the
stakeholders from different national and organizational cultures are involved in developing software.
As part of the globalization efforts currently pervading society, software project team members have
become geographically distributed. However, DSD is technologically and organizationally complex
and presents a variety of challenges to be managed by the software development team. [1]
As distributed environments have become the norm for software development, coordinating the
efforts of development teams has become one of the biggest challenges faced by the enterprise
today. It is hard to imagine any sizable development project managed without an underlying
software configuration management tool.Teams situated at different geographical locations,
including offshore, collaborate using communication technologies to develop interrelated software
modules that are integrated in shared project workspaces. The software design process involves
many iterative cycles of development

Project Plan For A Successful Bidding Of A Project Essay
Syed Abdul Rahman Student ID :19407sa Assignment 4 Project Background: This project is about
to make a project plan for a successful bidding of a project which is Casio scientific calculator FC–
V200V. It covers all the major point which a successful project contain likewise basic legal terms
and condition, various stakeholders, target users, it also covers the technical risk involved doing this
project it also has the list of the features that a scientific calculator contain. Statement of Work The
first component of the project plan is a statement of work (SOW). This is a detailed description of
all of the work products that will be created over the course of project, including who is responsible
for making each work project. The vision and scope document is a useful starting point for the SOW
But the SOW serves a different purposes–while the vision and scope document talks about it. The
rationale for the project (the needs that must be met, the list of users and stake holderswho need it
built, etc.) the SOW simply contains a detailed list of the work that must be done and all of the work
products that will be produced. The SOW is included as part of the project plan, but it should be a

What Is The Responsibility Matrix And What Is Its Purpose?
RESPONSBILITY MATRIX What is the Responsibility matrix and what is its purpose? When
planning a project it is necessary to assign the work on the project to the project team so that there
will be one person responsible for each part of the project and it is clear who performs the work,
with whom it should be consulted, and who is to be informed of this activity. The responsibility
matrix is a tool used to define the powers of individual project team members for various parts of
project works (work packages). In professional literature, it is referred to as RAM (Responsibility
Assignment Matrix) or RACI matrix, according to the English abbreviated names of responsibility
relations. We break down the project into work packages when preparing the WBS (Work
Breakdown Structure – see WBS form) breakdown of work. For the sake of comprehensibility, we
translated an RACI matrix to Czech. The following basic relations are distinguished: A –
Accountable: Person authorized to approve the outcome of the concerned activities. Outputs from
each activity (work package, areas) are subject to approval by the person who is actually responsible
for it. Each activity must only be approved by one person. It is an error if this type of responsibility
is not assigned or if the responsibility for a specific area is assigned to multiple persons, and it
usually results in a situation when no one is responsible for the concerned matter, or everyone thinks
the work will be done by someone else.

Implementation Of A Pre Study Phase Essay
A Pre–study phase (including estimations) where the project team clarifies requirements, identifies
risks, defines estimations (workload, costs), develops time schedule, identifies resources, performs
feasibility study and defines the validation strategy. When completed, an end of Pre–study review is
held with all project stakeholders to commit on pre–study results.
A Development phase (that may consist of different iterations and technical reviews) in which
technical solutions are defined, software coding is implemented, validation and verification
activities are performed, requirements are traced and project plans are monitored.
When completed, an end of development review is held with all project stakeholders to make sure
that the software meets customer/market requirements with the expected level of quality.
Then the software is delivered to customers and to the teams in charge of maintaining it, through an
Acceptance phase. In that phase, Customers will check that the software meets its requirements and
maintenance resources will make sure they have all items and skills to maintain the software. This
phase is ended by an end of Acceptance review to officially transfer the software.
Then, the software enters the Maintenance phase that may last for years, in which critical defects are
fixed, if any.
Those cycles are encapsulated in a general framework called Product Life Cycle (PLC) in which
senior management make decisions on products. PLC framework is divided into two

Software Development : Project Planning And Staffing
1. Introduction In software development, projects are moving target because they are typically not
well defined and there are lots of changes in the requirements throughout the life time of the project
and the estimates impact the process of reaching the target. [10] Software effort estimates that
affects many activities like project selection, project planning and staffing, evaluation of estimators
and developers, monitoring progress and managing risk [2]. The problem is lack of understanding of
the term effort estimation. From the research it was found that 30–40 % of project deviates from the
estimated effort.[ 9] Form the survey conducted it was found that 82% of projects experienced
Overrun while 18% used less effort than estimated. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[1] Effort estimation have different understanding and different definitions for the projects. Effort
estimation method eventually depends on the type of the project and phase. It is one of the important
part of project planning stage and is done before the project schedule. Software effort estimation is
classified in algorithmic and non algorithmic methods SLIM and COCOMO are two common
estimation methods in software engineering . Non algorithmic methods are based on approaches like
expert judgment and machine learning approaches. The Constructive cost model (COCOMO) The
COCOMO model was proposed by Barry Boehm in 1981 [2] B. Boehm, C. Abts, and S. Chulani, It
is a well known model based on regression techniques. The COCOMO model calculates the amount
of effort then based on the calculated effort it makes schedule, cost and manpower estimates for
software projects. The problem with COCOMO is it uses the development environment of 1990 's.
So COCOMOII was proposed to solve the problems of COCOMO. There are three sub models of
COCOMOII: – Application Composition Model; – Post Architecture Model; – Early Design Model.
Software Life Cycle Model (SLIM) SLIM is a also used in the estimation of effort and schedule of
projects. It was introduces by Putnam. It was later modifies using Rayleigh Curve model. Tom

Feasibility Analysis
In today's fast–paced, ever changing economy, easy access to business products and services is key
to stay competitive. The organization is considering the development of an online shopping
application for Blackberry smartphones. Feasibility analysis of this project has been developed per
management's request. The assessment includes feasibility in the following areas: technical,
economic, legal, operational, schedule, and market.
Due to Blackberry's history of challenges in the marketplace, the study focuses on likelihood of risk,
magnitude of risk's impact, and risk avoidance. This analysis is to assess the strengths and
weaknesses of this project, determine if it is a viable idea, and present recommendations on if and
how this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Economic
Economic feasibility shows the financial benefits and costs associated with the development of this
project. "Analogous estimate is appropriate for preliminary estimation of project cost using the
previous project data as the information source for estimation" (Patanakul, Iewwongcharoen, &
Milosevic, 2010). Using Uber as an example, cost of developing a middling complex app is
approximately $90,000 – $120,000 (Abrosimova, n.d.).
Financial benefits depend on the products sold, marketing efforts, and quality of the app. According
to RJ Metrics, an analytical software company, "On average a new ecommerce company can expect
to bring in just under $39,000 of revenue in their first month in business, and generate $6.5 million
in total revenue after three years" (2015).
Estimated growth of retail worldwide is 5% while estimated growth of e–commerce worldwide is
15% (RJMetrics, 2015).
Legal
Legal feasibility considers intellectual property, contracts and license issues, and privacy issues.
Intellectual property refers to copyright laws that may apply as 'work made for hire' by employees
and contracts with third party vendors that must clarify who retains ownership of software. Contract
and license issues may allow software to be licensed or sold. A contract must be a written document
signed by both parties and will include information regarding

The Planning Of Software Development Project
ABSTRACT In the planning of software development project, a major challenge faced by project
managers is to predict the re–work effort. (re–work effort is the effort require to fix the software
defects identified during system testing). Project manager objective is to deliver the software that
not only meets the time and cost requirements but also the quality requirements given by the client.
To ensure the quality of the software, many testing cycle will be conducted before it is finally
delivered to the client for acceptance. Each testing cycle is a costly affair as it involves running all
possible test scenarios in all possible environments, followed by defect fixing and re–verification of
defects. On average, there are 2–3 testing cycle conducted but this depends on number of defects
identified during testing. Number of defects will depend on the team expertise and whether they
earlier worked on similar projects and technologies. Hence, it becomes critical to predict the number
of defects identified during testing and it is a very challenging task as it requires a good predicting
model to predict the re–work effort. In this paper, we describe the relationship among software size,
no of software defects, productivity and efforts for web–based development projects. This
relationship is established by using the multiple linear regression technique on the benchmarking
data published by International Software Benchmarking Standard Group. Results suggest that web
based projects

Evaluation Of A Tabu Search Generator Based Memory...
Casertaa and Uribe [46] proposed a Tabu Search (TS) based memory–mechanism for problem
solving. It was capable of navigating both local information and in–formation from search space.
They took tabu tenure as the performance measuring metrics. The efficiency of this algorithm was
verified by testing four benchmark problems using problem solving software. The results showed
that TS produced globally optimal solution in CPU time less than 0.1 seconds. Further they have
generated large random instances for testing and get optimal solutions using branch and cut–solver
on them. Conclusions were drawn that proposed method was able to solve problems having 1300
binary variables in 3 CPU seconds, but branch and cut solver takes 2500 CPU seconds. For larger
problems having 2300 binary variables, optimal solution could not be obtained using branch and
cut–solver, but nearly optimal solution was obtained using TS with dual gap of 13%. So it was
suggested that TS was able to solve software reliability problems efficiently.
Daz et al. [47] derived a Tabu Search Generator (TSGen) for automatic structural software testing
with intensified and diversified search to attain high branch coverage. It also uses memory
mechanisms and backtracking to escape
10 Parul Gupta and Ishani Arora getting trapped in local minima. Three

What Is A Generic Procedure For Building Fuzzy-Based...
(AI–Jamimi, H. A., & Ahmed, M. ,2013, June) present a generic procedure for building fuzzy–based
quality prediction models. The process is serve as quality assessment framework that practitioners
can use according to the data available. In the same way (Kanmani et al. 2007 ) introduced the use
of neural networks (NN) as a tool for predicting the software errors .( Yang et al. 2007) also
proposed a software quality prediction model based on a fuzzy NN identify design errors in software
products in the early stages of a software lifecycle. Besides, NN have been utilized to predict early a
specific quality attributes. (Dolado, 2000) had used NN and GP to approve the segment based
strategy for software size estimation. In addition to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Software (project) development effort prediction. IBL techniques are used in (Shepperd and
Schofield, 1997) for predicting the software. On other hand (Shaik Shahul et al.,2016) present the
effectiveness of an ML method used for software cost estimation can be significantly altered by
single data pre–processing steps and their combinations (especially, the missing data treatment,
scaling and FS) By presenting study of Data Pre–Processing Techniques for Machine Learning
Algorithm to predict software effort estimation. (Zhang, D et al.,2003) had been detected CBR
offers a viable complement to the existing prediction and estimations techniques.(Chen, H., & Zhou,
H. X. 2005) illustrate how DT and NN are used in predict software development effort . The results
were competitive with traditional methods such as COCOMO and function points. Nick J. Pizzi
.2013 Applying approach using a fuzzy classification methodology. The software metrics are
automatically calculated to be as (input) to a classifier while the class labels (output) are assigned
through an expert's via assessment of the quality of each software entities. (López–Martín, C. 2015)
The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy among the
four models for new projects, but not for enhanced projects. Regarding new projects, the accuracy
for RBFNN was better than for a SLR at the 99% confidence level, whereas the MLP and GRNN
were better than for a

Meaning Of Agile Software Development
Introduction Development Teams at Company X for the past 6 months have provided inconsistent
estimations, derailing project timelines and costing 175% of predicted expenses. To help regain
control of project timelines and estimation practices, AA Consulting's team of Agile specialists have
been working with the Company X delivery teams. Before proceeding with our findings, it is
imperative to establish shared understanding of technical terminology. Please refer to the following
terms that are used throughout the report: Agile Software Development: The iterative development
strategy focuses on incremental delivery of usable software ("What is Agile Software
Development?", 2017) Estimation: A quantifiable representation of the effort needed ... Show more
At the conclusion of a sprint work is often left uncompleted, most commonly due to these inaccurate
estimations. Estimation Areas of Opportunity AA Consulting observed behaviors during team
meetings and estimation sessions and identified three tangible areas of opportunity for Company X.
Allocating focus to these three areas will ameliorate the struggles faced during the estimation
process. Equate Story Points to Effort The first opportunity is to be cognizant that story points are
intended to be a measure of effort and complexity. While it may be natural to equate one story point
to one hour, doing so can be cause for unreliable estimations. Company X should size stories
relative to the complexity of work. For instance, while it may take a senior developer a shorter time
duration to complete a story than a junior developer, the complexity of the story will not change. As
a result, team members of various backgrounds and skill levels can agree (Cohn, 2015) on the story
points necessary for a feature. Stopping the incorrect behavior of equating story points to duration
will yield accurate estimates regardless of which team member completes the work. Include the
Entire Team The second area of opportunity for Company X is to include the entire team when
reaching a consensus on estimation. To accurately reflect complexity for all team members it is
important they are present and engaged. While we acknowledge

Executive Summary : Executive Report
Executive Summary– summary report purpose and findings Revision History
Date Changes made To what
30/10/2015
04/12/2015
05/12/2015
06/12/2015
07/12/2015
08/12/2015
09/12 /2015
Table of Contents
Executive Summary– summary report purpose and findings 1
Revision History 1
Introduction – motivation for report and description of structure 3
Part 1 Critical Discussion of Agile and software quality 3
Part 1.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of agile in a project 3
Part 2 Discussion of Function Point Measures 4
Advantages of function point analysis 4
Disadvantages of function point analysis 4
For what types of projects (size, development process) is it a) best b) not well suited (explain)? 5
Where should function ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The general strengths and weaknesses differ from project to project but these one are the main
aspects of it.
Agile development is used in a team of five – six developers which work closely together and
interact with each other. Before the project starts user requirements are collected from the user. The
scrum master will be responsible that the whole team works and also get the customer involved to
get more feedback for the project. This is a very good approach because the developers can share
their knowledge and learn new skills from each other. The team member should be highly skilled in
order to work together to avoid any lack of skills in the development. Ones the requirements are
collected a target can be planned but it can also very difficult to know form the beginning how the
project will be looking because changes are welcome in any stage of the development. Changes can
occur during the development process which can change the whole process but is also very flexible.
A strong developer and customer can be established during every iteration which can help to
identify the user needs and make clearer about project and what the user actually wants from the
project and what his or her expectations are. Faults can be detected in better because of the

Models Of Development Effort Estimation
Models of Development Effort Estimation
Introduction
Development effort estimation is often among the first steps when considering a software
engineering project. Estimation is crucial for determining the value of a project: whether it will be a
project that is able to be completed, a project that is worth pursuing, and a project that is
economically justified. A reasonable and informed cost estimate can only be reported to a customer
after effort estimation analysis has been performed.
Formal models, created to improve the accuracy of effort estimation, date back as early as the 1960s
when computer software was still in its youth. In recent decades, more flexible alternatives to the
hard–and–fast formal models have been offered. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New techniques simply haven't improved the results much. Jorgensen says that comparisons
between estimation accuracy between now and the 1980s show about the same figures.3
There are two main categories of software development effort estimation: model–based estimation
and expert judgment, with model–based estimation often broken up into subcategories. The first part
of this paper will discuss the most traditional techniques for model–based estimation using statistical
regression analysis. Then, the value of expert analysis will be discussed. Next, newer methods of
modeling and estimating development effort will be examined, followed by a look at effort
estimation in the agile field.
Early Models: Regression and Function Point Analysis
Model–based effort estimation for software development began with research conducted in the mid–
sixties identifying characteristics of software projects. At first, partial models based on the
researched attributes were used. Software development was still young and the push for efficiency in
software creation had not caught up to the focus on hardware. As software complexity continued to
rise in the seventies, more advanced and complicated models were produced.4
Parametric regression models are among the earliest types of models used for software effort
estimation.5 They have also been one of the most studied

Procedural Programming And Object Oriented Programming
PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING
(https://neonbrand.com/website–design/procedural–programming–vs–object–oriented–
programming–a–review/ )
Procedural Programming which has been referred to as inline programming takes a more top down
approach to solving problems. When a program starts with a problem then that problem is broken
down into smaller sub–problems or sub–procedures. These sub–problems are further broken down
until they get simple enough to be solved. The demerit with procedural programming is that if an
edit is needed to the program, we have to edit every line of it that corresponds to the original change
in the code. For example, a variable was set equal to 1 and if other sub–procedures of the program
rely on that variable to function ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Problems in procedural programming need to be individually addressed as the program is
executed whereas in object–oriented programming objects and classes can be referenced throughout
the program.
RESEARCH FINDINGS ON OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
(http://www.buyya.com/java/Chapter1.pdf)
System engineering principles and techniques such as model building, simulation, estimation, and
measurement are used to build software products through the Software Development Life Cycle
(SDLC). The software development life cycle is a stepwise and systematic process where each step
depends on the successful completion of the previous step all arranged in a sequential order. It can
be observed that the maintenance of software is 60% of overall cost, whereas all the other costs are
only 40%. High maintenance costs are because of poor reuse of software components which is a
critical factor in system development. Hence, maintenance is an important factor to be considered in
the software development process. Also, earlier programming languages did not support reuse
because of the dependence of the program on its environment. Thus, Software maintenance and
Software reuse are the two major problems that demanded a new programming approach. The
software required for advanced applications are very complex and evolving and developing them is
an equally challenging task. The complexity of software requires a programming methodology that
should have the

The Rmt Development Team Is Constructed Of The Following...
Roles and Responsibilites
The RMT development team is constructed of the following work roles and responsibilites:
Two Java developers – performs software development tasks using the java language. The coders
must be fluent in the use of the java libaries and methods used to implement software in a cross
platform process. The Understanding and configuration of data sources and connectivity to persist
data in the RMT will be required to validate and test necessities associated with saving information.
One User experience (UX) specialist – performs the task of design, design efficiencies, and special
internal and external requirements associated with the human to computer interactions on the RMT.
Thus person will provide mockups based on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One project manager – performs the task of project oversight, requirements management, and
schedule obligations for the team. The project managetr will deliver project – related integrated
master schedule as well as conduct schedule conflict resolution to mitogate any risks associated with
the waterfall methodology. They are responsible for planning and deivering periodic milestones to
the liaison and clients. Managerial Process Plans
This section addresses the work schedule and task structure required to meet the clients needs,
demands, and schedule as agreed to by all parties involved.
5.1 Work Plan
This section discusses in detail the work breakdown schedule and project schedule for the RMT
team.
5.1.1 Work Details
The following table constitues the full breakdown of the tasks under the master Work Breakdown
Schedule:
Task Name SDLC Task Category SDLC Sub–Task
Form Teams Analysis Business Analysis
Initial Client Engagement Analysis Business Analysis
Identify Client Needs and High–Level Requirements Analysis Software Analysis
Develop and assess Milestones Analysis Business Analysis
Define Budget Analysis Business Analysis
Develop Requirements Design Software Analysis
Deliver and Discuss Software Requirements Specification Analysis Business Analysis
Software Design Review Design Software Design
Create Software Design Document Design Software Design
Deliver and Discuss Software Design Document Analysis Software Design
Create Software

The Basic COMO 81: Constructive Cost Model
INTRODUCTION
COCOMO stands for Constructive Cost Model. The model w¬¬as founded by Barry Boehm in 1981
and is used to predict the cost of the software of the different type. COCOMO I additionally called
COCOMO'81 was a steady model on that time. It summarizes just the most critical issues. Due to
the upto–dateness more consideration is given to part 2 . COCOMO I gives an all around
characterized, open engineering basis for thinking about the expenses and schedule indications of a
software solution. Three levels are examined and a conclusion shows the advantages and
disadvantage of the model. The detailed data about evaluations and cost drivers can be found in
Boehm 81. The basic programming lifecycle is the waterfall lifecycle . It has been ... Show more
It is a technique for evaluating the cost of a software. According to COCOMO I software cost
estimation should be done through three phases Basic COCOMO Model, Intermediate COCOMO
Model &Complete/Detailed COCOMO Model.
The Basic COCOMO'81 model is a static model that computes software development effort & cost
as a function of program size indicate in estimated thousand delivered source instructions (KDSI).
Intermediate COCOMO'81 model computes software development effort as a component of
program size and a set of fifteen "cost drivers" that involve project attributes, hardware, personnel,
and subjective assessments of product.
Detailed COCOMO'81 model joins all qualities of the intermediate version with an evaluation of the
cost driver's effect on every step (design, analysis etc.) of the software engineering process.
COCOMO'81 models rely on the two fundamental conditions:
i. Development effort : MM = a * KDSI b ii. effort and development time (TDEV) : TDEV = 2.5 *
MM c
MM – man–month / person month
A, b, c depend on the method of the development. There are three modes of development:
Development Mode Project Characteristics Size Innovation Deadline Dev

Software Development : Software Projects
Abstract– agile software development plays a very significant role in software projects. Agile
software project is a refined approach to design and direct project processes. An agile project is
finished in short sections called iterations. This paper introduces a survey of machine learning
approaches for predicting failure of agile software projects. It reviews the uses of machine learning
techniques such as fuzzy logic, multiple linear regression, neural network, logistic regression and
etc., for predicting success and failure of agile software projects. This paper also proposes machine
learning model for predicting failure of agile software projects. Many researches in this topic were
reviewed, analyzed, summarized, and compared ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The income indicates to the incremental quality of agile development enabling to be achieved early
as the product continues to improve. The agile lifecycle based on experiment operation, which cause
the good performance. The visibility indicates to support the product development. This provides
efficient vision for key users. Risk management, a short incremental releases are visual to the
product holder and product team through its development which help us to select any problems early
and make it easier to reply to alteration. Agility indicates to admit the alterations, client satisfaction,
creating the suitable product [6, 8]. There are agile methodologies: feature driven development,
Extreme programming, rational unified process, animated systems development, scrum and
Adaptive software development [9]. There are many reasons that lead to fail of agile software
projects such as weak project planning, scanty communication between teams and customers, lack
of alteration, monetary management, and quality management, ineffectual participation of
implement management, lack of qualified team members, ability to adapt, and using wrong
methodology and tools [10]. According to CHAOS report, there are three types of software projects
as follow: – Large size software projects – Medium size software projects – Small size software

Application Of Automated Software Testing
ABSTRACT
Amongst the various processes in the Software Development Life Cycle, Software Testing is the one
which ensures the quality of the product or service is maintained and Automated Software Testing is
the most efficient way of doing it. This paper focuses on the importance of automated software
testing, its benefits in software engineering and some of the prominent techniques for test
automation.
Automated Testing is in a huge demand in the current business world due to its efficient and cost
effective techniques. There is an urge for enhanced software development in the current Information
Technology Industry and that there has to be a testing technique to match that development.
Automated software testing is a process by which fast, proficient and low cost testing can be
achieved with a significant low manual work. It prevents the steps of manual test cases and
generates automated test scripts using an automated software tool to shorten the testing life cycle
with respect to time as well as cost.
INTRODUCTION
The main aim of software development is to produce high quality software. Superior quality
software has characteristics like low cost, reliability and user satisfactory. Software testing is the
process of assessing the software in order to discover any defects and determine if the software
satisfies all the requirements. It is a step by step process of planning the requirements, executing the
program and finding any defects to verify that the program

Steps Of The Time Management Process
The project schedule is the tool that conveys what work should be performed, which assets of the
association will play out the work and the time spans in which that work should be performed. The
project calendar ought to mirror the majority of the work connected with conveying the project on
time. Without a full and finish plan, the project director will be not able convey the total exertion,
regarding expense and assets, important to convey the venture. When every one of the deliverables
of the project have been recognized, undertakings will be performed keeping in mind the end goal to
make the deliverables.
Planning is the most effortless method for overseeing project time. In this approach, the exercises of
the venture are assessed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence, the project administration group ought to have a reasonable comprehension about the assets
assignment keeping in mind the end goal to precisely deal with the project time.
4. Length and Effort Estimation
This is one of the key strides in the project planing process. Since evaluations are constantly
(length), this progression ought to be finished with a higher precision.
For this progression, there are numerous estimation systems set up, so your project ought to choose
a fitting one. Once the action assessments are finished, basic way of the venture ought to be
distinguished with a specific end goal to decide the aggregate project length. This is one of the key
contributions for the project time administration.
5. Development of the Schedule
To make an exact schedule, movement arrangement, length of every action and the asset
necessities/allotment for every action are the most critical components.
6. Schedule–Plan Control
No project can be executed without changes to the first calendar. Along these lines, it is basic to re–
design our project plan with progressing changes.
Client and Seller, who will mutually deal with this project, will together create courses of events for
an expected timetable in light of Seller 's project administration system. Any dates, due dates,

courses of events or schedules contained in the Anticipated Schedule, in this are estimated and the
others won 't depend on them for

Change Of Software Development Process
There was a need to change our software development process to something that was more
transparent, collaborative and iterative. There were few options available that suited our needs
however it wasn't an over night change in methodology. We tried few options like Feature Driven
Development methodology and also for Rapid Development methodology for some user experience
focused applications. However the neither of those were successfully able to resolve effective work
partition and collaboration between teams physically located in different geographical locations.
This led us to try some other agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. We were
successful in resolving a lot of management issues with scrum. Extreme programming ... Show more
Under Extreme programming developers would pair and only the code that is deemed best by both
the developers gets submitted to central repository. We also experimented with Test Driven
Development in Extreme programming methodology and found it very useful.
Solution Implementation
Since past two years we have been using, under the umbrella of Agile, Scrum with Extreme
programming for new application layer teams and Kanban for service layer as well as production
support teams. The implementation started with lot of training for Scrum. Not only we hired trained
scrum masters, we sponsored a lot of technical as well as business leaders to take Scrum Master or
Product Owner certification. There was task force setup to form move Agile Transformation
initiative with well–defined goals. It also took lot of real estate restructuring within our office space.
Since all the technical teams were transformed into scrum there was not need to have office
cubicles. Hence the whole floor was transformed into multi group tables where each team sat on one
table. All the developers were also provided laptops to be flexible in moving across teams if there
was need to stand up or tear down a team. Training was the key aspect to make Agile transformation
successful. There was multiple mandatory training sessions setup for all employees. Also each teams
were assigned an agile coach to ensure the concepts were clear

Project Management Professional With 15 + Years Of Experience
SUMMARY
Project Management professional with 15+ years of experience in leading all the phases of diverse
technology projects, with a proven track record of managing, directing project teams and
implementing complex and large scale IT Application delivery projects/programs.
Skilled in Agile, Iterative and Waterfall project management methodologies. Experienced in
managing large project teams and known for high–quality deliverables that meet or exceed timeline
and budgetary targets.
Proactive, adaptive, self–motivated, "hands–on" leader with the ability to manage multiple and
multi–million (1–10 million+) budget projects.
Effective at developing alliances with stakeholders, vendors and business partners.
International consulting experience working in various countries – Canada, India, Singapore and
Switzerland.
Excellent understanding in data–driven client server & Internet / infrastructure / ERP / web
applications for all the phases of Software Development.
Industry experience: Banking–Retail/Investment/Mortgages/Credit and Insurance.
Telecom/CRM/Content Mgmt.
CERTIFICATION & PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Certified Project Management Professional (PMP) from PMI
Certified Scrum Master (CSM) from Scrum Alliance
Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) – ISTQB
Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD) (Visual Basic track)
Certified Six Sigma Yellow Belt (@RBC)
SKILLS & EXPOSURE
Core Competencies Technologies, Methodologies
Project/ Program

Running Head : The Seven Classic Mistakes
Running head: HOW TO NOT DO A PROJECT– THE SEVEN CLASSIC MISTAKES How to not
do a Project The Seven Classic Mistakes Menaka Katapadi Kamath The University of Texas at
Dallas Author Note Menaka Katapadi Kamath, Naveen Jindal School of Management, The
University of Texas at Dallas Menaka Katapadi Kamath is now at Naveen Jindal School of
Management, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080. Correspondence
concerning this journal should be addressed to Menaka Katapadi Kamath, 7760 McCallum Blvd Apt
18104, Dallas, TX 75252. contact: mxk165230@utdallas.edu Abstract This assessment summarizes
the failures and classic mistakes that occur during the life cycle of a project and best practices to
prevent and overcome mistakes. Every project basically centers around mistakes that are either
people or process related. Seldom are the chances that mistakes have anything to do with technology
or the product itself. There are seven classic mistakes that are found to occur very commonly in
nearly one third of projects. They include poor estimation and scheduling, ineffective management
of stakeholders, insufficient management of risks, planning insufficiently, giving less importance to
quality assurance, weak work force issues and insufficient sponsorship of project. Proactively
identifying problems and taking corrective measures to alleviate the hiccups can prove to be very
helpful in handling these mistakes prematurely. How to not do a project The Seven classic mistakes
Every

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cinder Model
Disadvantages of the Spiral Model:
1. Cost elaborated in this model is usually very high.
2. This is a complex approach especially for the project for a clear SRS ( Safety Requirement
Specification )
3. The protocols must be followed correctly to effectively apply this model. Through – out the
project life cycle development, it is very hard to follow rules and protocols.
4. It is not suitable with small risk projects.
5. Conference budgetary and scheduling needs are very though with this software development
process.
6. Due to many customizations permitted from the customers, it is very hard to use similar prototype
in rest of projects.
7. It requires broad skill in evaluating reservations of risks related with the project and with their ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From sequential, heavy weight methodologies which are more predictive in nature and lengthy in
process, today there is a shifting focus towards simple, light weight methodologies involving
prototyping which provides a part of the final output at every stage of development. Several studies
have reported software project failures due to lack of focus on requirements and the extent of
dynamism involved in business requirement definition (Gasisas, 2009).
AGILE start as a niche concept being used in tiny pockets of the software company and has since
grown to be properly established in many diverse software development contexts. Since it has
grown, it has been modified to set unique requirements of a specific context. For Agile to be well–
known in the medical device software company, guidance is needed to modify it to fit that unique
context.
Agile developed a response to quality and efficiency concerns posed by active method of software
developments. It can bring benefits which are valuable to the medical device software world,
including the

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