Transformation Of The Human Race

Transformation Of The Human Race
Transformation's Role As A Mentor To Growth
The progression of the human race throughout history has relied on unique individuals willing to
take a stand for what they believe to be true to themselves and to their culture. Important political
and cultural developments have taken their roots in charismatic people with fresh ideas that may not
exactly fit within the status quo. The complexity of evolution is seeded deep within every human
being; and one must come to terms with their identity to be fully content with themselves. There will
never be one clear meaning to life; thus there will always be room for constant improvement and
growth. Elucidations to such concepts exist in the field of arts and entertainment as a recurring
theme, or simply as basic character development. Two popular examples are, for instance, William
Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew, in which temperamental and odious Katherina falls in love with
the endearing Petruchio, or in more recent cinema, Jules Winnfield from Quentin Tarantino's Pulp
Fiction, who discovers his life as sanctimonious and false according to the greater good he wishes to
contribute to. From a literary standpoint, A Room With A View by E.M. Forster is an enticing social
commentary on the Edwardian society existent in England in the early 20th century, as well as being
a cordial tale of love and growth. As the main focus of the novel is the journey of the protagonist
from suppression to freedom, the work remains relevant today as
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Marxist View of the Capitalistic Mode of Production and...
Karl Marx's view on the capitalistic mode of production highlights the exploitative nature of this
economic system and points to its development as a necessary continuation of feudal societies many
centuries ago. He demonstrates how the bourgeoisie take advantage of the labor power of the
proletariat, creating profit and fueling the expansion necessary to keep profit margins at acceptable
levels. Marx argues that this economic system, in which capital is the basis of wealth, sprung from
the fall of feudalism when the means of production made obsolete the feudalistic relations of
production, in which ownership of land was the basis of wealth. His claim, therefore, that
capitalistic societies are exploitative class societies is true when ... Show more content on
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This upper class then finds a market in which the fruits of proletariat labor can be reaped at a higher
price, and the surplus value of that transaction is hoarded by the bourgeoisie. It is important to note
that these wealthy persons have considerable incentive to reinvest their profits into the means of
production, thereby improving technology and lowering input costs, but at the same time furthering
the dependence of the proletariat on the bourgeoisie by making the prospect of a return to the old
modes of production increasingly less viable. However, Marx argues that this process cannot sustain
itself without the fulfillment of certain conditions. The capitalist mode of production relies upon an
expanding market and the constant overhaul of the means of production, though these requirements
are not always met and the result is economic crises. Marx argues that it is essential for these
conditions to be met in order to keep profit margins from falling to unacceptable levels at which the
economy will inevitably sink into depression or recession. However, he also acknowledges the
impossibility of maintaining economic stability over the long run and submits that there will always
be instances of economic crisis. Marx's reasoning demonstrates how the capitalist mode of
production arose from the fall of feudalistic

The Chimney Sweeper And William Blake's Songs Of...
William Blake's poem "The Chimney Sweeper" of Songs of Innocence draws a crude image of late
18th and early 19th century where children labors helplessly surrender themselves at the feet of
capitalists. This paper aspires to analyze "The Chimney Sweeper" from Althusserian view of
Interpellation as we see, different chimney sweepers, forgetting their own identity and pleasure,
conform to the rules and norms manipulated by their master. In the midst of flourishing
industrialization of late 18th century, workers really became material of production and in this way
they were incorporated into institution. This paper looks into the chimney sweepers through the
spectacles of Interpellation. In "The Chimney Sweeper", the course of Ideological State ... Show
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In "The Chimney Sweeper", the little chimney sweeps become tools in the process of production.
According to Louis Althusser, "all ideology hails or interpellates concrete individuals into concrete
subjects". Interpellation is a kind of 'misrecognition'. It can be counted as "recruitment" as it asks to
join a man into a position of subject. From Althusser's view, the state employs Ideological Apparatus
to reproduce ideology through practices and production. He presents his main concepts regarding
condition of production, theory of state and role of individual in an essay named "Ideology and
Ideological State Apparatus", where he mentions Repressive State Apparatus functions through
violence and force to subdue an individual on the other hand Ideological State Apparatus uses the
institutions of religion, ethics, and politics. As the production processes continue, the chimney
sweeps become lifeless objects for the sake of production and

Impact of Gender in Media and Film
I have to start and apologize for my cynical view. It is difficult for me to separate emotional stimulus
from a purely analytical approach. Without using Carl Sagens Baloney Detection Kit at my side I
easily diverge from logical analysis approach and immerse myself in my emotional defense. What I
want to do is pull two separate and different works together and focus on the impact of gender in
media and film. First I will summarize my position then address the two selected works. One work
is from noted Marxist Louis Althusser where he points out eight different Ideological State
Apparatus (ISA) of which I will focus on two for this writing, the family ISA and the culture ISA.
The second is from noted Canadian activist and trans–gender ... Show more content on
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Technological advancements in science provide author Holy Devors more tools to confuse his/her
view–point of femininity and masculinity and the role each play in the structure of family and small
groups. Holly/Aaron Devor lives a life of contradiction; while simultaneously indicating a solid
understanding of the schism between sexes in the Canadian society he/she challenges culture norms
by publicizing being a pregnant male, thus, creating some confusing messages about survival to
some individuals. I am more than certain his/her decision to withhold certain information from the
public has not been solely base on preference of choice but in self defense from potential or real
threats upon his/her life or the life of those associated with Holly/Aaron Devore. His her/ actions are
clear examples of the thrust toward survival of self.
Holy/Aaron Devors points out that both genders share some physical characteristics but, each is
more adapted to better perform task specifically identified by a culture as being suited for a specific
gender. But, he/she goes beyond the concept and shocks society by claiming to be a pregnant male.
Obviously, social stigmas are not the only obstacle Holly/Aaron Devor has an issue with her natural
role and publicly boast through his/her actions as having superiority over nature and the power to
change destiny. These actions may be better explained

Marxist View On The Importance Of Being Ernest
Viewing the play of The Importance of Being Earnest from a feminist perspective portrays the men
in the Victorian Era to be misogynistic. A perpetuated stereotype in this play is that women should
be protected from the truth. "Jack:[In a very patronizing manner] My dear fellow, the truth isn't quite
the sort of thing one tells to a nice, sweet, refined girl. What extraordinary ideas you have about the
way to behave to a woman"(29)! The belief that women are fragile and unable to handle anything
serious is present. Furthermore, when Algernon discovers that Cecily is convinced that they had met
before and had had many romantic encounters, she is presented as mentally insane. This perpetuates
the belief that women depend on men and could not be satisfied without one in their life. In addition
to this, Gwendolen and Cecily are the ones being deceived by Jack and Algernon. This shows that
women are stereotypically submissive to men and can be taken advantage of. Through evaluating
The Importance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While those of the Victorian upper class were usually the most refined and intelligent, Wilde
portrays them as ignorant and dense. One of the most well described ladies, Miss Prism, is shown to
be the least aware. "The most cultivated of ladies, and the very picture of respectability"(63). She is
ultimately the most absent minded and leaves baby Jack in a handbag in a cloak room of a major
railway station. Through Miss Prism, Wilde is able to propagandize the intelligence the aristocrats
usually embody. In addition to this, Wilde refutes the morality of the Victorian elite. The main two
characters, Jack and Algernon, are deceptive and are rarely seen to have any morals. Reviewing this
play with a sociological/Marxist perspective provides insight on how Wilde wants others to perceive
the elite of

Criticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald...
Criticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald
In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates an artificial world where money is the object of everyone's
desire. The characters, the setting, and the plot are very deeply submerged in a Capitalism that ends
up destroying many of them. Fitzgerald's criticism of Capitalism can be seen as a move to subtly
promote Socialism, an ideology in which value is placed on the inherent value of an object rather
than its market value. In a late collection of notes, Fitzgerald himself proclaims that he is
"essentially Marxist." [i] Marxism is a specific branch of Socialist theory. Fitzgerald makes Gatsby a
novel that is not inherently Marxist or even Socialist, but one that is ... Show more content on
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This is a Capitalist ideal; because the characters have this value and they are corrupt, Fitzgerald is
criticizing Capitalism as a system through its values.
This class division is painfully apparent throughout the novel. In chapter five, some of the people at
Gatsby's party are singing a popular tune of the 1920's, which includes the lyrics: "the rich are
getting richer/and the poor are getting children/ain't we got fun?" (101). The flippancy of the lyrics
implies a general attitude of the upper classes toward the lower class. Later in the novel, Gatsby
describes a young Daisy, who appears "gleaming like silver, safe and proud above the hot struggles
of the poor" (157). This sentence captures the main argument of Marx's The Communist Manifesto.
In the Manifesto, he describes the constant conflict between classes, but says that the real struggle is
on the part of the lower class. In this book, the upper class is portrayed as being extremely artificial
and corrupt. The reason that Gatsby works so hard to become a member of the upper class is to
impress a girl who he places a market value on – and he becomes a member of that class through
illegalities. When Gatsby buys his house to impress Daisy, he is not simply purchasing property; he
"thinks he is buying a dream." [ii]
At one point in the novel, Nick says that "human sympathy has its limits" (143). Even the narrator of
the story, who has less

Critical Analysis Of 'Fahrenheit 451' By Ray Bradbury
Ray Bradbury's 'Fahrenheit 451' critiques the damage of the forcible coercion of a conformist
society and comments on the dangers of technology and mass consumption. Written in 1953,
Bradbury critiques McCarthyism and its enforcement by creating a fictitious dystopian society in
which the alienation of aberrations parallels with the persecution of communist enthusiasts. The
narrative follows protagonist, Guy Montag, who realises the effects of the restriction of knowledge.
Resultantly, Bradbury narrates that totalitarianism and technology are a threat to humanism,
individuality, and intellectual thought. HOW DID CRITICS VIEW IT? HOW IS THE NOVEL
VIEWED?
With a world–centred approach, Louis Althusser's Marxist notion of ideological state apparatuses
demonstrates the influential dominance of the educational system and media. 'Fahrenheit 451'
follows an enforcer of society's ideological values despising the communicative ideological state
apparatus (i.e. media) and forcibly tearing himself away from the ideologies enforced by both
repressive and ideological state apparatuses. Complimentary to Marxist critical theory, Michel
Foucault's notion of poststructuralism surveys individuality – or lack thereof – in a panoptic society.
Similarly, an individual abandons the social constructs deemed 'normal' in the hopes of gaining
individuality and intellectual thought. With the application of Marxist and poststructuralist critical
theories, Guy Montag's positive metamorphosis and his

Marxist View Of The Distribution Of Power Within Society...
The essay will analyse and critique the Marxist view of the distribution of power within society and
the political system. It will then summarise how we commonly define a liberal democracy and what
are its recognisable features within a pluralist context such as in Britain. Finally, it will ask how
Marxists might view the above as affecting participation in such a political system. Overall this
essay will outline the uneven distribution of power Marxism sees in a capitalist, liberal democratic
society; the class conflict this is based on, and the negative, repressive effect this has on political
participation.
Marxism views human society as resting on an economic base and a superstructure. The natural
basis for Marxist critique of society ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
23). Here he confirms how politics, through the state, acts as a vehicle for the elevation of bourgeois
interests, cementing their power above that of the proletariat.
One implicit critique of the economic determinism of Marxism came from within the analysis itself.
Gramsci believed the role of civil society (schools, family, church) was as important as economics
and the modes of production. He thought that without greater acknowledgement of the role ideology,
consciousness and cultural hegemony played in society, the dominant capitalist ideology could not
be understood and thus its power challenged. However, as De Orellana says (De Orellana, 2015)
"though Gramsci was harshly critical of what he called the "vulgar historical materialism" and
economism of Marxism, as a Marxist he assumed the fundamental importance of the economy".
A liberal democracy can be defined by a democratic recognition of the rights and freedoms of the
individual, with the law limiting unbridled exercise of political power, by means of regular
elections, freedom of; speech, association, religion and rule of law etc. By common recognition,
pluralism is now considered to be part and parcel of liberal democratic societies. Coming from
within the structural functionalist paradigm of sociological theory proponents of this view hold that
political power in democratic societies is dispersed among several competing veto groups, with the
state a neutral arbitrator to ensure competition is fair and

Marx View on Capitalism
1b. Summarize Marx's views on the market, alienation, the labor theory of value, the surplus value,
and the accumulation of capital. Are these views relevant in the 20th century and during the
contemporary globalization? If so, how? How are these views related with Thorstein Veblens ideas?
Please give specific reference to the relevant readings.
Theory of Alienation––his analysis of how people are bound to become estranged from themselves
and each other under the conditions of capitalist industrial production (Hooker). This Theory of
Alienation is often considered the philosophical underpinning for his later more technical critique of
capitalism as an economic system (Bramann).
Marx developed his theory of alienation to reveal the human ... Show more content on
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The factory owner has done nothing to earn the money and the $5 per hour he receives is "surplus
value", representing exploitation of the worker. Even the tools which the factory owner provided
were, according to Marx, necessarily produced by other workers (Wollstein).
According to the labor theory of value, all profits are the rightful earnings of the workers, and when
they are kept from the workers by capitalists, workers are simply being robbed. Marx called for the
elimination of profits, for workers to seize factories and for the overthrow of the "tyranny" of
capitalism. Basically out of the worker labor, the companies make far more than what they paid the
workers, while the companies get richer and richer while the workers remain poor (Mandel).
There are some flaws to the labor theory of value. For example, most workers prefer to be paid
when their work is completed rather than when their products are sold – which may be months later.
For workers to be paid now, rather than later, someone must advance their wages, and clearly this
service has a value. But proponents of the labor theory would have it both ways: workers are to
receive the full future value of their product now. The final theoretical failure of the labor theory of
value is the value–effort fallacy. It is folly to assume that all effort produces value. Every day each
of us wastes time on fruitless efforts. To equate labor with the

Sociological Perspective Of False Consciousness
False consciousness is sociological concept that I can personally identify with the most. False
consciousness acording to the text book is a condition in which people, usually in groups that are
relatively powerless, accept beliefs that work against their own self–interests. False consciousness
has to do with myself because of my evangelical parents that defined my childhood due to their
ideology and how so many of peers act against their self intrests due to a toxic ideology given to
them by the ruling class. False Consciousness supports my view that the world is filled with many
deceived subgroups that act in False consciousness. This sociological concept allowed me to learn
more about why False Consciousness occurs and strengthened my view of the perceived power that
the ruling class has over working class but the actual untouched power the working class has over
the ruling class. As I grew up I saw how the church created an ideology for my parents that justified
its excessive exploitation of them and how they simply accepted this ideology even though it went
against many of our best intrests. We missed meals on a regular basis because the church demanded
15% of all of our income when we had very little to give. In the text book it gave an example of
medival European society; "the ruling class could promote its interest through the Church". My
parents church promoted it's intrests and my parents simply accpted this ideology that caused major
finacial strain on them and on

Conflict at Work
Definition of Conflict
"Interpersonal Conflict occurs between two or more persons when attitudes, motives, values,
expectations or activities are incompatible and if those people perceive themselves to be in
disagreement" (John Hunt, 1982)
Conflict Theory
Conflict theory talks about why people think and act the way they do and what conditions and
causes influence a certain response in human behaviour. While there have been many different
views on conflict theory and it has taken a multitude of different forms, it often seems that the
Marxian theory is the one that represents the predominant example of conflict theory in sociological
literature.
The Marxist theory of conflict argues that there is a huge difference between social ... Show more
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Competing * No change to my position * Clearly communicate my position * Most radical view is
mine * Threats * "I know best" * Order | Collaborating * Work Together * Mutuality * Identify
areas of disagreement * Find common Grounds * Jointly explore * Declare each other´s positions *
Jointly problem solve | Compromising * Quick solution * Give and take * Find acceptable some
way point * At what point will you be satisfied?· * At least both of us gets something | Avoiding *
No wish for responsibility * Leave it till later * Not my problem * Cannot discuss this * Will not
discuss this * Do not want to see your point | Accommodating * Give away * Concede * Agree with
the others * Accept what you say * Non–threatening * Charming * From me to you * Work on your
preferred outcomes | |
Figure 1. Conflict handling skills: five modes (Adapted from Thomas, K.W. and Kilmann, R.H.,
1974, Working in Organisations, Kakabadse, Bank & Vinnicombe, 2005)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Conflict
As conflict is created under disagreement and often disputation, it is natural to have negative impact.
When people engage in misplaced competitive behavior, then the conflict comes and both the
organization and individuals suffer. The difficulty of facing a conflict is that it can often be
destructive and feels acutely uncomfortable to the

Asses the Marxist View That the Main Role of the Family Is...
Asses the Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the interest of capitalism.
Within sociology there are many different perspectives on the family. Each different perspective
sees different things as the main role of the family. Marxists view the family in a very disparaging
light. They believe that the main role of the family is to serve the interest of capitalism and
bourgeoisie. Marxists also believe that the family cushions the main provider.
Karl Marx's view on the capitalistic mode of production highlights the exploitative nature of the
economic system. He displays how the bourgeoisie take advantage of the proletariat and their
labour, the proletariat are a tool used to create profit and to keep profit margins at ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marxists also believe that housewives are producing the next generation of the proletariat. This
means that more people will be created to fill the jobs of the retiring proletariat.
Marx claims that societies which make use of the capitalistic mode of production are exploitative,
and this claim can be proven through his description of the needs of this system and the ways in
which the bourgeoisie fulfil those needs. The capitalist mode of production requires exploitation
because it relies on the profit created when using the proletariat as labour and the product of that
labour is another market at a higher price. Because the means of production, or the technology,
machinery, and methods involved in production, are so far advanced, the old mode of production of
is no longer a viable option for a member of the proletariat to sustain himself. Therefore, he is bound
to the bourgeoisie and is dependent upon it to give payment for his capacity to provide labour.
It is clear by now that Marxist main focus is on the exploitative nature of capitalism and its use of
family a tool in order to serve capitalist. Marxism puts across narrow views about what the family
should be like and what it is actually like. They pose a strong argument to prove that the main
question at hand is in fact true but it all appears to be bias. The main focus is economic exploitation
and the idea of patriarchal

Marxism And The Power Of The Media
The mass media is an extremely integral part of society as it consumes and influences our everyday
lives, whether we are conscious of it or not. Whether it is through the Internet, television,
newspapers, advertisements or the radio, we are constantly bombarded by mass media. As Burton
observes, the main power of the media lies in the fact that it can shape what we know about the
world and can be a main source of ideas and opinions (2002:2). As the media continues to compel
such power over socialisation, many researchers have set out to perceive the power of the mass
media (Curran, Gurevitch, Woollacott 2006:1). This essay will discuss these theories, namely the
liberal–pluralist and Marxist approaches as well as the role of media in ... Show more content on
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Lastly, the Marxists were concerned about the effects that the mass media had on the audience.
Media's influence can be evaluated from an essentially ideological standpoint; it propounds the view
that the media can be compared to a "hypodermic needle", because it has the power to 'inject' a
repressive ideology directly into the consciousness of the masses (Morley, 1980:1). However,
ironically, Marxist and critical commentators have also argued that the mass media play a strategic
role in reinforcing dominant social norms and values that legitimise the social system. (Curran ,etal,
2006:14). Marcuse suggested that we greatly overrate the indoctrinating power of the media. For
instance, voting, some Marxists claim that media portrayals of elections constitute dramatized rituals
that legitimise the power structure in liberal democracies, voting is seen as an ideology that helps to
sustain the myth of representative democracy, political equality and collective self determination
(Curran,etal, 2006:14). However, pioneering studies into the effects of the media on voting
behaviour by McQuail (1961) concluded that the media had only a marginal influence in changing
the way in which people voted.
In contrast to the Marxists, who saw the

Software Architecture By Phillipe Kruchten
In the paper Architectural Blueprints–The "4+1" View Model of Software Architecture by Phillipe
Kruchten, he examines how developers can use multiple views to capture the software architecture
and how these views are more desirable than a single viewport that tries to capture everything. Each
view, should ideally, address one specific set of concerns. For Kruchten, software architecture is the
deliberate assembling of various architectural elements to fulfill the requirements of the system. The
intent was to come up with a mechanism to separate the different aspects of a software system into
different views of the system. This is because different stakeholders always have different interest in
a software system. Some features of a system ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The logical view, which is the object model of the design (when an object–oriented design technique
is used),
The process view, which captures the concurrency and synchronization aspects of the design,
The development view, which describes the static organization of the software in its development
environment
The physical view, which describes the mapping of the software onto the hardware and reflects its
distributed aspect.
Article Analysis:
Each of the views in the 4 + 1 View Model views are meant to handle a particular set issues:
The logical view
This contains information about the various elements of the system. The Logical view is modelled in
UML using Class, Object, State machine and Interaction diagrams (e.g Sequence diagrams). It 's
connection is absolutely to developers.
The process view
This describes the concurrent processes within the system. It incorporates some non–functional
aspects such as performance and availability. To model process view in UML, Activity diagrams are
used to represent concurrent behavior.
The development view
The development view describes software modules and subsystems. In UML, Package and
Component diagrams are used to represent the development view.
The physical view
The physical view describes the physical deployment of the system. For example, it describes how
many nodes

“Acceptance to the Cruel Reality: A Marxist Reading on...
Marxist views can be frequently spotted within William Blake's works. The argument that "human
interactions are economically driven and are based on a struggle for power between different social
classes" is deeply rooted within the lines of Blake's work. (Gardner, Pg. 146). In fact, "The Chimney
Sweeper," which was first published in 1789, a full half a century before Karl Marx first publicized
his Marxist theory in 1848, has several instances of Marxist tones. Critic, Janet E. Gardner, argues
that the theological similarities between the views expressed in the poem "Chimney Sweeper" and
Karl Marx's beliefs are easily found. For example, Karl believed that literary characters could be
"divided into powerful oppressors and their powerless ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In that, the work lends itself to a Marxist reading through the child–like form, but also through the
sarcastic attack on the hierarchal system within the society. To continue, Blake displays how the
church or religion gives people a false hope, and perhaps even unfairly convinces them that they
should be content with their lives and continue to work. The idea of blind faith and to obey without
seeing the reality is what Blake's government is advocating to Tom, and perhaps even convinces
Tom to not question his faith. After the Angel speaks to Tom, the reader is presented with Tom and
the two paths he can take. The "if" in the Angel's response indicates that if Tom works hard without
complaint will he end up in heaven. Further, the children respond by returning to work until "all do
their duty, they need not fear harm." The final line again presents a Marxist reading; moreover, it
presents an almost cynical response to a religious ideology that some how justifies for the children's
suffering. Moreover, the idea that

The Media 's Influence On The Perception Of Media And...
Very few viewers of adverts decode images passively. Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright argue that
there are very few viewers who decode images passively because there is no mass culture. This is
because each viewer has different contexts and social backgrounds meaning that the images they
view can be decoded in various ways because of their frame of reference and background. However
the subject of how audiences decode and view media including advertising can be seen in various
different perspectives particularly with Karl Marx and Louis Althusser who have similar but
different theories around audiences as passive and active parts of the decoding process. Through
Stuart Hall also we can understand the different ways audiences can receive a advert.
Sturken and Cartwright's theory of audiences focuses on the idea that everyone has their own
background and frame of reference that determines how they decode an image (57). In advertising
this theory is vital in understanding how audiences perceive images and understanding the effects
and success of advertising on different people around the world. A part of this surrounds the identity
of the viewer and the relevant context of the advert. For example, the Steinlager Pure advert which
depicts the nuclear free image of New Zealand (Steinlager Pure). How this advert is received will
depend on who views it. New Zealanders will have a direct connection to the advert due to its
setting and context around the identity of New Zealand

Charlie Chaplin's View Of Marxist Ideas In Modern Times
What I Think about Modern Times From the movie Modern Times, which is the masterpiece of
Charlie Chaplin, a Famous English comic actor, we can find lots of not only funs but also
philosophy in it. Yes, Chaplin is a greatest comedy master, and he makes his movies humorous
vividly with his funny personality and actions, especially in the movie Modern Times. However, if
you think Chaplin's movie only talks about humor in order to make us laugh, you will be wrong! In
Chaplin's movie Modern Times, the humor in this movie that we can see is external; as a matter of
fact, this movie is internal contains philosophy that Chaplin shows us Marxist ideas in his specific
time background, which needs us observe carefully. First of all, I agree with that point that it is
important to Wartenberg's view that Chaplin's illustration of Marxist ideas be intentional. If we
observe carefully, we still can find lots of details that Chaplin wants to tell us his thought about
Marxist ideas with his humorous performance. Here are some details that I think Chaplin illustrates
Marxist ideas intentionally. At the beginning of this movie, it shows two scenes continuously, which
seems apparently that they are not related: the first scene is the sheep are led to the slaughter;
another scene is many factory workers move to work in the steal factory. It contains philosophy; the
sheep and the factory workers are related; the factory workers move to factory and face their destiny
of "slaughter" by the

The Relations Between Producers And Capitalist Society Essay
When Marx talked about fetishism, he was talking about the way we relation between producers and
capitalist society. The word fetishism was used to describe the practices of religions that should be
magical powers to objects like idols or charms. From Marx's money and commodities, people think
that they have mystical powers, but the powers come from us from own creative labor. If we take a
look inside a workplace it could be any place of work a capitalist factory, a peasant commune, or a
family farm, the relations between different workers are direct, you make a widget and hand it
directly to the next person. If something needs to change by the labor process, someone brings
workers together and says now we will organize things differently. The organization happened
directly between people. Now if we take a look at the market outside the workplace, things were
different. The relations are not direct between individual. In the market, these interactions happen
between things because to change their work, to produced more or less, and go out of business or
expand the business. Farmers, electricians and auto workers do not directly relate to each other as
workers instead the products of their labor beat in the market and are exchanged with one another.
The material relations between people become social relations between things. For example, When
we look at car, corn, tv, and peanut butter we do not see the worker created them. We just see
commodities standing in relation one to

The 's Call For Individual 's Responsibility Of Privacy Essay
However, Abram's call for individual's responsibility of privacy by limiting access to certain
information is impossible due to the very nature of social media. In Alice E Marwick and danah
boyd's 2014 article, Networked Privacy: How Teenagers Negotiate Context in Social Media, they
argue that because social media is, as previously discussed by Werbin and Fuchs, a networked
environment that thrives on sharing user–generated data (Marwick & boyd 1054). Furthermore,
Marwick and boyd explain this argument through a paraphrased statement from new media studies
scholar Jenny Sunden (2003), which states, "to exist online, people must type themselves into
being" (Marwick & boyd 1054). In other words, each "like", post, and comment all contribute to our
existence online; to use social media we must put ourselves and our information online. Moreover,
rather than focusing on Abram's individual responsibility model – which Marwick & boyd call
"access–control list" –, Marwick & boyd suggest that their "networked privacy" model – where
privacy becomes the responsibility of each member of the social media network – fits our social
media platforms better (1064–1065). In other words, through their study of how American teenagers
manage privacy online, Marwick & boyd conclude that it is incredibly difficult to maintain privacy
on social media, because one shared photo to a few friends on Facebook means the responsibility to
keep this information private transfers to these friends (1064). To

The I Reasonably Enjoyed Reading The Loudest Duck
I reasonably enjoyed reading The Loudest Duck; it was very informative and gave me very different
points of view. It hit the ground running with a statistic that as of 2010 there were 13 women and 4
blacks that were CEO's for Fortune 500 companies (Liswood 3). These proportions are drastically
lower than what it would be if it followed the population of the U.S. Looking at this simply, it shows
that females and blacks (along with other non–dominant groups) are disadvantaged in some way
along the path to becoming a CEO of a great company. This is in agreement with the PowerPoint
from the Africa and Diaspora event, which showed that blacks and other races were being
disproportionally put imprisoned and killed. The Loudest Duck describes the differences between
the dominant group and the non–dominant group through the symbolism of the dominant group as
an elephant and the non–dominant group as a mouse. The idea is that the elephant doesn't need to
pay attention to what the mouse does or care about its thoughts, but the mouse needs to learn the
elephant's behavior and the way it reacts in order to survive being around the elephant (Liswood 31–
41). This was a very clear way of explaining the difference and I think it fits the US on many
different ways. At a national level many citizens of the US have very little knowledge of what
happens in other countries, other than what the media tells us about what the US is doing, but
citizens of other countries actually pay

The Influence Of Ralph Miliband's View On Marxist Theory
2. Ralph Miliband's View on Marxist Theory of the State
2. 1. Introduction
This chapter aims to present Ralph Miliband's view on the Marxist theory of the state. Miliband, as
stated by Newman (2007) "was probably the most influential Marxist political sociologist writing in
English in the second half of the twentieth century, his works simultaneously contributing both to
the academic research agenda and to student protest movements of the era." (p. 176).
One of his most popular books is "The State in Capitalist Society". The major goal of this book is to
refute the pluralism claim–a dominant paradigm in the western political science when the book was
published–that "power is dispersed among a large number of competing groups in society" and "the
government was open to influence by competing parties and groups". (Newman, 2007, p. 76).
In his book, Miliband's criticism against the pluralists is clearly stated in the Introduction chapter,
"One of the main purposes ... to show in detail that the pluralist–democratic view of society, of
politics and of the state in regard to the countries of advanced capitalism, is in all essentials wrong –
that this view, far from providing a guide to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are at least six types of social classes: 1. Ruling Class; 2. The working class; 3. Middle class
(consists of the class of professional people and small and medium–sized enterprise); 4. The self–
employed tradesmen class, craftsmen, and artisans; 5. The office workers class; and 6. The Cultural
workmen class. He purposely did not include non–class elements like people who are professionally
concerned' with an actual running of the state (politicians, civil servants, judges and military men)
because "their place in the social and political system is of crucial importance in the analysis of the
relation of the state to society" so it will be discussed

Marxist View on Education
Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that the education system exists mainly
to select and prepare young people for their future work roles. (20 marks)
As stated in Item A sociologists see the education system as performing a vital role in modern
societies. Item A also highlights that the education system can equip individuals with the specialised
knowledge and skills they will need when they join the workforce. Therefore, the education system
helps select and allocate individuals into their future work roles. Although many sociologists agree
this is the main role of education, they argue whether this is a positive thing or a negative thing.
Whereas Functionalists believe this role of education benefits society and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Althusser also argues that pupils learn a smokescreen so they cannot see inequality and the lie of
meritocracy. He claims that schools try to promote the belief of meritocracy this basically means
success is based on your own merit and ability. This supposedly helps motivate pupils to work hard
because if they do they will succeed in life and in their chosen careers. However Althusser believes
this is a lie as schools are in no way meritocratic. This is shown through the fact that the middle
classes have more opportunity i.e. being able to afford the best possible education etc. Althusser
believes that schools teach working class pupils to blame themselves for social failure instead of
society i.e. if pupils fail they will usually say they didn't work hard enough etc. Although schools
have a role of promoting the ruling class ideology, educations main role is to mould pupils into ideal
workers which helps prop up and maintain capitalism.
Durkheim also believes education has the important role of teaching the skills needed for work and
that it has an allocation function which helps people fit into the right roles in society. It has been
suggested that this helps prepare young people for their future work roles through the teaching of
specialist skills. Functionalist Parsons builds on Durkheim's ideas.

Comparing the Marxist and Functionalist Views on the Role...
Comparing the Marxist and Functionalist Views on the Role of Education in Industrial Society
The functionalists and the Marxists both believe that the education system benefits everyone, but
both have different views on society. The Marxist views of the education system are that there are
conflicts because there is an inequality between the working class and the higher classes. They
believe that there are two different classes which education produces, and that is the working class
and the ruling class. The people who don't achieve good grades in school and who aren't very bright,
will be known in society as the working class, and so won't have very good status jobs in society,
and the people that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A functionalist named Emile Durkheim believes that the education system introduces the importance
of social solidarity in people. He says 'Society can survive only if there exists among its members a
sufficient degree of homogeneity; education perpetuates and reinforces this homogeneity by fixing
in the child from the beginning the essential similarities which collective life demands.' So he
believes that social life would be impossible without social solidarity amongst people. Social
solidarity is when a mass of individuals in a society is united as a whole, and when people learn to
respect their community and look after one another and their surroundings. Education teaches
people this at an early age, by giving history lessons because this provides a link between the
individual and the society in which they live in. In particular, Durkheim's view are proved by the
way pupils are taught in the U. S. A, where there educational curriculum has introduced the pupils to
take an oath to the Stars and Stripes at the start of every school day, and so they are committed to
their society at an early age. However a criticism to these norms and values that he talks about is
that different people have different norms and values to one another.
Hargreaves who is another functionalist proposes a number of changes to the

Marxist View On Gender Inequality
As a social institution, gender is a process of creating distinguishable social statuses for the
assignment of rights and responsibilities. As part of a stratification system that ranks these statuses
unequally, gender is a major building block in the social structures built on these unequal statuses.
As a process, gender creates the social differences that define "women" and "men". In social
interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what is expected, act and
react in expected ways, and thus simultaneously construct and maintain the gender order: "The very
injunction to be given gender takes place through discursive routes: to be a good mother, to be a
heterosexually desirable object, to be a fit worker, in sum, to signify a multiplicity of guarantees in
response to a variety of different demands all at once" (Butler, 1990: 45).
Members of a social group neither make up gender as they go along nor exactly replicate in rote
fashion what was done before. In almost every encounter, human beings produce gender, behaving
in the ways they learned were appropriate for their gender status, or resisting, or rebelling against
these norms. Resistance and rebellion have altered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unionised men who could easily be replaced by women collude in this process because it allows
them to monopolise the better–paid, more interesting, and more autonomous jobs: "Two factors
emerge as helping men maintain their separation from women and their control of technological
occupations. One is the active gendering of jobs and people. The second is the continual creation of
sub–divisions in the work processes, and levels in work hierarchies, into which men can move in
order to keep their distance from women" (Cockburn: 1985:

Marxist vs Functionalist View of Ed
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FUNCTIONALIST AND MARXIST VIEWS ON
EDUCATION (20 marks) The role of education is to educate individuals within society and to
prepare them for working life, also to integrate individuals and teach them the norms, values and
roles within society. Functionalism and Marxism are the two main perspectives which will be
studied; Marxism is a structural conflict sociological theory whereas functionalism is a structural
consensus sociological theory. Functionalism sees society as a whole. It is often referred to as the
consensus theory as it does not address the issue of conflict in society. It looks at all the major
aspects in society for example the family, the economy, the educational and political system and
how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
surgeons, pilots) are undertaken by the most talented people. Both Marxism and functionalism agree
that the education system socialises people into society by informal and formal processes. Primary
and secondary socialisations are two forms of socialisation to teach children simple norms and
values. Primary is conducted by the family whereas secondary is done within education. A form of
secondary education is the hidden curriculum, the aim of the hidden curriculum is to socialise young
people into accepting the role assigned to them by the capitalist class. The hidden curriculum
teaches obedience and respect for the established organisation of work. The majority of teachers
unconsciously deliver the hidden curriculum. In conclusion from a functionalist perspective, society
is regarded as a system which is made up of interrelated and interconnected parts. Each part will
affect every other part if it changes. There needs to be basic needs in order to survive and a
minimum degree of integration between each part. Both perspectives agree that education is a
positive thing in society also what occurs through the education socialisation has a great affect in job
choices. Functionalism argues that the education system selects certain individuals for appropriate
roles whereas Marxist argues that the education system helps to reproduce the capitalism in

A Comparison of the Functionalist View with the Marxist...
A Comparison of the Functionalist View with the Marxist View Sociologists may disagree in their
interpretation of how society works. Some have focused on what keeps society together; others have
focused on what divides society. Over the years the two major paradigms have dominated sociology
these are functionalism and the conflict theory better know as Marxism. Both the Marxism view and
the functionalist view have their own totally different point of view. Haralambos points out that
'although functionalists emphasize the importance of value in society they do recognize that conflict
can occur". However functionalists consider such conflict as being the result of temporary
disturbances in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believe that a social system is a functional unity whereby all the parts of the system work
together. 'Co–ordination and co–operation'. On the contrary Marxism could not be more strongly
marked. Marxism stresses that the motive force for society and social change is conflict. Marx
stresses that the links which bind sectors of society are economic and linked to the modes of
production. Social conflict is created by the differing interests of competing social groupings, known
as classes. A writer in the Marxist tradition would emphasize that the links between groupings
within society are very weak and marked by very diverse interests of each particular group. Marxists
argue that the functionalist view is an illusion– to think of modern society as one which is in a
continuous state of harmony. On the contrary, every society is characterized by continuous conflict.
There exists a struggle between the various groups and classes of society. The struggle for power,
prestigue and economics goods gives rise to competition between the various sectors of society.
Therefore, what we consider as society is the outcome of this continuous social conflict.
Functionalists as opposed to Marxists dispute that social equilibrium is achieved, most importantly,
through the socialization of members of the society into the basic values

Compare and Contrast the Functionalist and Marxist views...
Compare and Contrast the Functionalist and Marxist views on the Family Functionalists argue that
societies consist of inter–related social institutions such as schools, mass media, political systems,
the Church and the family each of which contribute positively to the maintenance of stability of
society as a whole. Broadly speaking it is assumed by functionalists that societies operate in the
interests of all of their members so that there is no reason for fundamental conflict in society. Instead
there is a high degree of consensus that societies are organised efficiently and relatively fairly.
According to Herbert Spencer, the family performs functions which are necessary for the society, as
a whole, to operate smoothly with little or no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are the socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalities (warm bath
theory). Although this idea seems to make some logical sense, it is highly criticized by the Marxist,
Zaretsky, who dismissed the theory mainly because the family itself can often be the cause of
emotional upset and stress within individuals. He argued that it is not always possible for the family
to sustain the pressure and cushion all the shocks and frustration of the workplace. Ronald Fletcher
also analyses the family from a Functionalist perspective but he denies that the modern nuclear
family has lost functions to the extent suggested By Talcott Parsons. Thus Fletcher argues that even
if the family is no longer a unit of production, it is a unit of consumption which can be appealed to
by advertisers keen to sell a wide range of household appliances so as to maintain profits for the
bourgeoisie. Marxists view the family in a very disparaging light and regard the family as a tool of
capitalism and the bourgeoisie. Marxists believe that the family has many roles which are beneficial
to the capitalist society. Zaretsky conducted his study in 1976 and concluded that the family was the
key ingredient for capitalism as the family consumes the products of capitalism which enables the
bourgeoisie to keep profits up and allows the capitalist system to continue. He argues that the family
served interest of capitalism in various ways, namely,

Capitalism : A Dominant Marxist View On Capitalism
Capitalism is an unequivocal system that is characterised by market dependence and entails the
preconditions of profit–maximisation and competition as a foundation. Where and when capitalism
originated from would very much depend on the definition of capitalism used, as different
definitions would bring about different histories. This essay will touch upon two, out of many,
approaches to the historical origins or capitalism, the Agrarian origin as well as the mergence of
capitalism in the Mediterranean with relation to Islam.
With the first approach, it will discuss the Agrarian origins of capitalism, and how the collapse of
feudalism led to the emergence of competition between classes as the driver for economic activities,
and thus the eventual emergence of capitalism. This dominant Marxist view on capitalism is
strongly rooted in social relations and defines and focuses on production and class. This implies that
the real driver behind development was class struggle.
As early as the 11th Century, England was extremely, effectively unified, unlike the rest of Europe.
This greatly eliminated the fragmentation of the state and expedited the increasing concentration of
power in central state. This gave rise to the introduction and building of infrastructure in England,
such as a remarkable network of roads and water transport. This significant political factor was far–
reaching as an undivided state meant that resources, such as time, could be focused on improving
the

To Live in a Vermin’s World: A Marxist View of Kafka’s...
To Live in a Vermin's World: A Marxist View of Kafka's The Metamorphosis
One of the honors for 'greatest theories' in contemporary civilization has to be awarded to Marxism.
Invented in late 19th century by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Marxism has had great influences
on the development of modern society. Despite its eventual failure, Marxism once led to numerous
revolutions that working classes raised against the ruling parties in different countries.
Consequently, it paved the way for the erection of the Berlin Wall, the formation of the Warsaw
Treaties–communist camp confronting NATO, and the establishment of a world super power, the
Soviet Union at the dawn of this century. Even decades later, after all those Marxist milestones ...
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From the Marxist view, the process of the metamorphosis symbolizes the class struggle of the
proletariat to break out of a life of being exploited. Such representation is displayed in the similarity
between the causes, natures, and endings of Gregor's transformation and those of proletarian
struggles.
Realistically, it is impossible for men to turn into bugs; thus, Gregor's metamorphosis has some
concrete meaning beyond simply a biological transformation. Applying Marxist theories, the process
of the metamorphosis represents the struggle proletarians raise against the controlling bourgeoisie
class. Firstly, Gregor is in the right social position for such a struggle to take place. Gregor and his
family are proletarians whereas his boss is a typical bourgeois. In the main guide of communism,
"The Manifesto of the Communist Party," Marx defines the proletariat as including all people who
possess no assets and live only on salaries (Marx 128). Gregor, accordingly, belongs to this class for
he has no business of his own but is leading a life of working for others (Kafka 4). Similarly, such
classification into the proletariat is true for all other family members who do not even work. By
contrast, the boss of the company that Gregor works for owns the capital and is, hence, seated in the
social upper class–the bourgeoisie. According to Marxist theory, Gregor's family and the boss are in
the two opposite classes.
Now that Gregor is a proletarian, his situation conforms

The Reading Ways Of Seeing By John Berger And Banking...
Throughout the first couple weeks of school, I have read and reflected on some readings and
fragments that have led my train of thought develop analytical ideas. Although, one universal idea
was brought to my attention, which is the concept of perspective. Around the globe, perspectives
have been and are being shaped by influences in both hand sides simultaneously. Viewpoints are
established and changed in both ways in the two reading Ways of Seeing by John Berger and
Banking Concepts of Education by Paulo Freire. While the first half of Ways of Seeing consists of
possible positive aspects of the worlds perspective, the second half consists of the negative effects
that the influences of the world have on perspectives. Also, Banking ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One can notice that as the paintings of her have evolved, Mary becomes more and more seductive.
Her clothes are depicted more informal and loose and she is even topless in the last two images. This
shows how man has changed their point of view about women to a sexual perspective. It
demonstrates how man changed the meaning of art to benefit themselves by pleasing their own
sexual desires. This can also be seen in other painting techniques such as oil paintings. Since oil
paintings utilizes advance techniques, they could show more depth and details in what they
portrayed. Those who were identified as wealthy had the ease to take control over the breakthrough
of art by inputting textures to an object such as clothes to make them seem luxurious. The same
could be seen in landscape drawings/ paintings. Berger goes on to state that before artists' interests
in ecology for envious purposes, "nature was not thought of as the object of the activities of
capitalism; rather it was thought of as the arena in which capitalism and social life and each
individual life had its being", as humans used and enjoyed the beauty of nature and its landscapes
for what it is. Another example can be found on page 106 where Berger shows a picture of a couple,
the Andrew's, sitting on a bench in front of a beautiful landscape. Berger goes on to say that "the
point being made is that, among the pleasures their portrait gave to Mr. and Mrs. Andrews,

Ted Nachazel. 360 Degree Photography Affordances And...
Ted Nachazel
360 Degree Photography Affordances and Constraints
Media has changed vastly over the decades. We have different styles of media, different ways to
view media, and so many different options when it comes to creating media. A recent technology
that has started to gain traction is 360–degree photography. This new technology allows people to
view more than traditional 2–D perspective. With this new way of being able to capture a scene
comes many affordances and constraints.
Being able to capture everything around you, then allow another person to experience entirely the
same scene is something that has never been able to be done before. The technology for 360–degree
photography is most likely early in its development. That being ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Having devices that allow us to put on a headpiece and be put into another reality is a huge step for
media.
With these devices, unfortunately, come many constraints. The content creator has more options for
what the viewer can see, but at the same time it may not be what they want the viewer to see. In
most forms of media today there is a main point that the viewer is observing. 2–D perspective video
creators are able to change perspectives of how the viewer sees the media, but with 360 degrees the
viewer may not see it in the same way the original creator intended. The viewer may even miss main
points entirely because they were looking around and the main point of a video was behind them.
On top of this the viewer may not even be able to watch the video. Many people report nausea when
watching videos in 360 degrees. If there is not a way to ensure people do not feel sick while
watching the videos, that means that this media will be limited by the number of people who are
able to tolerate it. Being able to create the quality of content that is currently available on 2–D
platforms may be difficult could also be an issue. Movie shoots require a lot of people and
equipment, which is all behind the camera when only shooting one perspective. In a 360–movie you
have to make sure you are capturing the things you want and nothing more. There is most likely
going to be more work creating

Marxism As A Conflict Theory
"Marxism is a conflict theory based on the idea that society is in conflict with each other; the
conflict is between the rich and the poor" ("A Brief Introduction to Marxism"). The basic tenets of
Marx's theory rest on the conflict between the different classes of society of which, Marx states that
"the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas: i.e.,the class which is the ruling
material force of society is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class which has the
means for material production at its disposal have control at the same time over the means of
material production, so that ...generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental
and [material] production are subject to it" (Marx ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tenets of Marxism as defined by Marx and Althusser provide a unique lens through which the
reader can view Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Conrad's novella portrays the historical era of
Imperialism, when European countries, Great Britain included, were laying claim to parts of the
African continent for its riches in natural resources. The idea that "Imperialism was the highest stage
of capitalism", expressed by Vladimir Lenin, a proponent of Marxism, adds an important layer to a
study of the novella using Marxist theory (Marxism: Essential Writings).
A look at one small scene from Section III of the novel, in which the young Russian speaks about
Kurtz to Marlowe, blatantly illustrates the treatment of the workforce by the ruling class:
He had, as he informed me proudly, managed to nurse Kurtz through two illnesses (he alluded to it
as you would to some risky feat), but as a rule Kurtz wandered alone, far in the depths of the forest.
'Very often coming to this station, I had to wait days and days before he would turn up, ' he said.
'Ah, it was worth waiting for!––sometimes. ' 'What was he doing? exploring or what? ' I asked. 'Oh
yes, of course; ' he had discovered lots of villages, a lake too––he did not know exactly in what
direction; it was dangerous to inquire too much––but mostly his expeditions had been for ivory. 'But
he

Marxist Literary Criticism Essay
While literary critics do attempt to elaborate or develop ideas articulated by Karl Marx, it is
important and necessary to make a distinction between Marx's specific socio–economic and political
agenda and the body of literary theory which emerged years later. Marxist literary criticism proceeds
from the fundamental philosophical assumption that "consciousness can never be anything else than
conscious existence...Life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousness by life" (Marx
568–9). Marxist critics use this challenge to the notion of an innate, prefigured, individual human
nature to reexamine the nature of creative or literary authority.
Power seems to reside outside or beyond the bounds of humanity. Rather ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Though such institutions are capable of reaffirming certain statements of power, hegemony itself is,
as Raymond Williams states, "a whole body of practices and expectations...our ordinary
understanding of the nature of man and his world...a sense of reality...a sense of absolute" (4).
While Marxist critics must admit that they themselves are helpless to avoid the effects of hegemony,
the critical project of Marxist literary criticism remains steadfastly committed to the attempt to
identify and understand the mediating contexts in which the forces of hegemony exert pressure on a
text, its author, and its audience. These contexts manifest themselves within specific historical,
economic, political, cultural, etc... conditions. In order to discover such contexts, a work of art
cannot be uprooted from the specific temporal circumstances in which it is read or created and
regarded as an isolated purely original entity. Literature, for better or worse, is mired in history.
Marxist literary criticism remains a very rational, pragmatic endeavor at its core. "If ideology were
merely some abstract set of notions...society would be very much easier to move and change than in
practice it has ever been or is" (Williams 3). Though aware of their own inability to comment from
outside the bounds of hegemony, Marxist critics seem to express a tacit hope that by providing
knowledge of hegemonic

Essay on change
'If there is no struggle, there is no change'
To guarantee a wholesome, enriching experience of change in the individual it is vital to accept
struggle. Facing the struggle can test relationships, introduce unclear perception of ones identity and
produce unpredictable situations; though change must be able to transpire to truly create complete
development in the individual. Director Ron Howard discovers the unique mind that takes root
inside the individual, by overcoming the cruel affects schizophrenia causes and instead welcoming
positive change in his film 'A Beautiful Mind' (2001). Likewise S.E Hinton reveals the ability of
humankind to move forward within erratic moments, deal with rebellion in optimistic ways and
embrace new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The way we deal with this hopelessness shapes our characteristics, subsequently shaping how we
cope with struggle.
Change is a purely inevitable process that continuously affects all humankind. The way we deal with
this active process carves who we are as people; and how we accept different obstacles, in either
positive or negative methods. Hinton arouses a compelling sense of change through investigation of
the individual's identity, Ponyboy, who through visual imagery harmonized with the dejected mood
of the persona 'then there was Soda n' Darry, all the family I got' forms a bleak, defenseless sensual
image of a tense home life environment, where the unkindest struggle occurs, trying to discover
himself rather than being labeled. Extending on, analogy of 'the soc's sippin' on drink' compared
with 'greasers drippin' with blood' shows the comparison between the two social classes, the rich
soc's and the underprivileged greasers' and how being positioned in a category; just as Howard has
placed Nash is into university for the first time, separated by other students, leaving both individuals
feeling abandoned, unwelcomed and frail. The hunger to possess ones genuine identity is dense and
should be located by the

A Room with a View by E.D. Forster Essay
Opening a Window
A Room with a View by E.D. Forster explores the struggle between the expectations of a
conventional lady of the British upper class and pursuing the heart. Miss Lucy Honeychurch must
choose between class concerns and personal desires.
Honeychurch is a respectable young lady from a well–known family. She travels with Miss
Charlotte Bartlett to Italy at the turn of the century. In Italy they meet Mr. Emerson and George
Emerson. George is young man who falls in love with Lucy. Mr. Emerson is an idealist and a
dreamer.
Only a couple of days after they get to Italy George kisses Lucy while standing in the middle of a
waving field of grass. George does this with out her permission or discussion. Even though this
surprises ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She is torn between Cecil's world of books and conformity and George's world of passion and
nature. This decision is not easy for Lucy to make.
Lucy came really close to marring the wrong man due to her lack of thought. She has grown up and
lived a life of proper existence. However, Lucy possesses passionate qualities they have just been
repressed her entire life. Her only emotion outlet is the piano, in which she prefers dramatic pieces
by Beethoven. She plays the piano in order to let out her frustrations brought on by her surrounding
characters. Lucy is brought up to be proper and not outgoing or passionate. George will eventually
show her how to be passionate and open to new ideas. George is a man that breaks the chains of
conformity to free Lucy's spirit and he does this efficiency.
George kisses Lucy for the second time and he explains that love exists between them. He tells Lucy
that she can not marry Cecil because he does not understand women and will never understand
Lucy. George also explains that Cecil only thinks that he loves but in actuality only wants her for an
ornament. George, on the other hand, wants her as his partner in the great adventure of life. Lucy
has lied to herself and to everyone else around her until she is eventually cornered into tearfully
admitting her love for George.
A Room with a View is a love story about a young proper women who is engaged to a proper man
she does not love, and the frantic efforts a

Critically Assess the Pluralist and Marxist Views of the...
Whilst pluralism and Marxism are said to have developed from liberalism and socialism
respectively (through criticising or expanding on those ideologies) thereby both appearing on the
left of the left–right economic scale, a great part of their theories are indeed notably different, if not
completely in contrast with each other. However, if we look closely at these theories, the one
similarity, often overlooked by critics, is the fact that both offer a critique of the state despite the fact
that their views are opposing. In order to understand these views of state, it is important to first
understand the fundamental views of both pluralism and Marxism. Only then can these views be
assessed and finally compared with each other, thereby ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Marxism had only developed after the death of Marx therefore the ideas which are
attributed to him are bound to differ. All the same, there is one key issue from which Marxism
developed that is said to be evident:
Marx himself believed that he had developed a new brand of socialism that was scientific in the
sense that it was primarily concerned with disclosing the nature of social and historical
development, rather than with advancing an essentially ethical critique of capitalism.
Heywood (2003:125)
So whilst Marxism is essentially a critique of capitalism, Marx initially criticised the Hegelian
theory and so had developed his own views from there, where he had noticed that power was
centralised and, furthermore, effectively abolished the chance of there ever being a classless society.
The pluralist view of the state came about as an objection to state sovereignty, out of fear that the
state would remain totalitarian if power was only exercised within the state as opposed to distributed
amongst society as a whole (Schwarzmantel, 1994; Smith, 2006). Pluralists 'are said to have a naive
theory of how the state behaves 'neutrally' in a liberal democracy' (Dunleavy and O'Leary, 1987:41),
as it is impossible for the state to behave in such a way when power can never truly be distributed
equally and is held within the state in itself. As Nicholls (1975) affirms, those who wanted a
decentralised state were attacked because oligarchy

A Critique Of Capitalism And The Power Of The Bourgeoisie...
Critical Theory is defined as "is a critique of capitalism, its appropriation of the surplus value of
collective work, and its commodification of every aspect of our modern society" (Ward, p.1). In this
essay I will argue that although perhaps not inherently intentionally, both liberal and realism, in all
of their forms, represent hegemonic ideology, and that this has been proven throughout history, and
therefore support much of Marxist theory surrounding capitalism and the power of the bourgeoisie
class, both on a domestic and global scale.
Critical theorists share 4 assumptions: firstly they dispute realism in their belief that human nature is
effected majorly by social changes, as opposed to the belief that states dominate and that
technological progress has no effect on the autonomy of states. This is supported by liberalist
thinking in the development of international institutions, the process of globalisation has
dramatically changed the way states behave, something that realists choose to ignore. They believe
that this is due to struggles throughout history, which supports the idea of hegemony in that states
that have been successful in both economic terms as well as within warfare are more able to shape
social change and progress. Critical theory also emphasises the importance of emancipation, which
links back to the Marxist thought on which it is based, as it highlights the importance of citizens,
and critiques both liberalist and realist thought in its belief that

Marxist View Of What Law Is The Foundation Of Society And Law
1. Marxists argue that control of the means of production is the foundation of society and law is a
reflection of that dynamic. Do you agree? Discuss.
"Law is only a superstructure; in reality it only translates the interests of those who hold the reins of
command in any given society; it is an instrument in the service of those who exercise their
'dictatorship' in this society because they have the instruments of production within their control."
For Marx there were two distinct classes in society, the ruling class, the owners of the means of
production, the "Bourgeoisie" and the ruled class, the "Proletariat". The quote, with which I begin
this essay, clearly explains the Marxist view of what law is in a given society. For Marxists ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those in power within the law–making bodies are quite clearly what Marx would consider
bourgeois: they are highly paid, highly educated individuals who have a means of controlling how
(and indeed what) laws are put in to place. Arguably it is unavoidable, to find ourselves in a
situation, in which, we have a select group in society in positions of power, who can implement and
change legislation. Most would argue that these people have been democratically elected, and
chosen by democratic means. Marxists believe that the bourgeoisie have the control of law–making
bodies and thus make laws which are favourable towards their social class whilst penalising the
proletariat. We can see this expressed in the Communist Manifesto
"Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and bourgeois
property, just as your jurisprudence is but the will of your class made in to a law for all".
This statement highlights the Marxist belief that control of the means of creation of law, allows for
the creation of laws which could be seen as coercive and controlling. An example of these, unjust
laws, within our society which coincide with this Marxist view could be the under–occupancy
charge, more commonly known as the "bedroom tax." Under this legislation we see a reduction in
housing benefits for people who have

Compare the Functionalist and Marxist Views on Social...
CRITICALLY COMPARE MARXISM AND FUNCTIONALISM IN THE WAY EACH
PERSPECTIVE CONCEPTUALIZES THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.
Social stratification refers to the presence of distinct social groups which are ranked one above the
other in terms of factors such as prestige and wealth (Haralambos & Holborn, 2004). Those who
belong to a particular group or stratum will have some awareness of common interests and a
common identity. They also share a similar lifestyle which, to some extent, will distinguish them
from members of other social strata (Lenski, 1984). Social stratification involves a hierarchy of
social groups and they either enjoy or suffer the unequal distribution of rewards in society as
members ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These provide the preconditions for the emergence of a class of producers and a class of non–
producers (Haralambos & Holborn, 2004). According to Marx, the relationship between the major
social classes is one of mutual dependence and conflict. The wage laborers must sell their labor
power in order to survive since they do not own a part of the means of production. They are
therefore, dependent for their livelihood on the capitalists and the wages they offer. The capitalists
are dependent on the labor power of wage laborers, since without it there would be no production.
This relationship however, is one of an exploiter and exploited or oppressor and oppressed. As such,
the ruling class gains at the expense of the subject class which leads to a conflict of interest between
them. From a Marxist perspective, capital, which is the money used to finance the production of
commodities, is privately owned by the capitalist class. Marx believes that this capital is gained
from the exploitation of the working class (Haralambos & Holborn, 2004). This he further argued,
produced nothing as only labor was capable of producing wealth; yet still the wages paid to workers
are well below the value of the goods they produce. Therefore the capitalists realize a surplus value
or profit. The bourgeoisie are therefore exploiting the proletariat who are the real producers of
wealth. Marx maintained that in all societies, the ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject
class. According to

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