Case Analysis Of Jack And Ally Through The Ecological...

Case Analysis of Jack and Ally through the Ecological...
The following is a critical analysis of a case study on a three year old boy named Jack. Case
documents reveal that Jack expresses behaviours and developmental issues that align with a
diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and/or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). Case information outlines details of Jacks infantile behaviours, family dynamics
and current developmental issues. The purpose of this critical analysis is to identify and examine
multiple risk factors that are present across various levels of Jack's environment simultaneously.
This type of analysis is guided by the ecological–transactional model (Bronfenbrenner, 1989). The
ecological–transactional model divides environments by levels named the ... Show more content on
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There are also clear relationships between difficult temperament characteristics and later adverse
behavioural developments. Sanson, Hemphill and Smart (2004) demonstrated this association as
results revealed a clear link between negative reactivity and externalising behaviour problems as
well as inhibition and internalising behaviour problems. To support this, the longitudinal study of
Kochanska (1993) found that characteristics of difficult temperament such as nonadaptability, high
intensity and persistence which are present in Jack, were probabilistic of development of
behavioural disturbances.
Affect dysregulation is assumed due to the description provided of Jack's extreme reactivity and
behaviours such as constant crying as an infant, kicking, screaming and disproportionate reactions
in relation to the antecedent event. Affect dysregulation is promoted when a care–giver is unable to
help modulate stress and reduce the internal tension and conflict within an infant (Cicchetti et al.,
2005). Ally reveals that she often would lock herself in a room to avoid Jack's constant crying which
implies that she did not strive to help modulate Jack's obvious stress and internal conflict. The
development of affect dysregulation is detrimental as it can be accompanied by the development of
lesser effective organisation of neurological systems (Cicchetti et al., 2005). The neurological
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Definition Of Humor
"What is the definition of humor?" That is the question psychologist and philosophers are trying to
define. Humor seems to be in a vague category that no one seems to have a simple explanation for.
It is a mystery and can be defined as a variety of different definitions and can go in a variety of
different directions. "Many scientists have only recently studied humor as a topic and they have
stated that humor was defined as a taboo or trivial systematic inquiry." ( Harre and Lamb). Humor
has been around since the Greek times but it was never a concrete topic. It has always seemed
abstract, but in the last 100 years behavioral scientist has been trying to dig deep into the word and
try to give it a definition. Everyone's sense of humor varies and can be different in everyone. Some
may have a dry sense of humor, sarcastic sense of humor, a dark sense of humor and others might
laugh at everything and think many things are humorous. Others might think nothing is funny and
may not have a sense of humor. One cannot say something is funny or not because there is such a
diverse range ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is in all the five senses touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing. How does one define what is funny
and is not funny? How does a movie get the genre a comedy? It is all up to the individual to make
that decision and there are enough types of humor out there in the world to fit everyone's style to
make them satisfied. Humor is said to have a positive effect on the individual. It is said that funny
people are always the happiest. Humor has a positive connotation and it is supposedly attractive in
an individual. People are gravitating towards the comedians. One the downside comedy can become
negative like dark humor and sarcasm but it is all in how you say it

Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Most youth and adolescents with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) are noticed by the people
around them. It's much easier to identify disordered behaviors than it is to define and classify their
types and causes. Children with EBD experience a significant number of academic, behavioral, and
interpersonal challenges that can adversely affect not only themselves, but teachers, peers, parents,
and others who are involved with the child is some capacity (Gresham, Hunter, Corwin, & Fischer,
2013). Although it is easy to recognize aggressive or withdrawn behaviors exhibited by students
with EBD, it is difficult to identify the types and causes of their problems, especially from an
observation only perspective. The causes for these problems ... Show more content on
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Students who exhibit misbehaviors when they enter school may become better or worse relying on
how they are handled in the classroom. A student's temperament can interact with the behaviors of
teachers in contributing to EBD and corresponding problems. There is a danger in classrooms that a
student with behavioral problems will become trapped in a spiral of negative interactions, in which
they become increasingly irritating to and irritated by teachers (Hallahan, Kauffman, & Paige,
2009). Teachers must consider their academic instruction, expectations, and approaches to behavior
management when considering how they might be contributing to a student's problematic behavior.
Careful classroom management by teachers can lower the risk of EBD associated with difficult
temperament. The fourth question of this section is what are the primary implications of biological
causes of EBD for teachers? The primary implications of biological causes of EBD for teachers are
genetics, parental neglect or abuse, malnutrition, and neurological damage. Genetic predisposition,
neglect, malnutrition, and brain injury are all more likely to be major contributors to disruptive
behavior when they are connected with inconsistent behavior management at school. Biological and
social risk factors together offer the best explanations of the causes of antisocial

Anatomical Theory Of Disease Essay
In this paper I am going to discuss the differences between the Humoral concept of disease, the
anatomical theory of disease, the germ theory of disease and the differences between each theory. I
am also going to look at the historical significance of these theories and how they apply to health
and wellness in today's health care. The humoral theory comes from an ancient Greek theory that
states that the human body is composed of four basic humors. The Humoral theory is derived from
the word "humor," but in this context, means "fluid". The Humoral theory is related to the theory of
the earth and the four elements. These elements are better known as earth, fire, water and air. The
balance in these earthly elements allows the earth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fundamental concept of this theory states that microorganisms can invade the body and cause
certain diseases or even death. Before this theory was accepted many people believed that a disease
was a punishment for a person's evil behavior not a medical problem. These three theories differ
because they all covered different barriers when it came to treating and understanding diseases. The
Humoral theory began with the four–elements and the anatomical theory allowed us to take a deeper
look into the functioning of the bodies systems. This helped us to learn what was happening in the
body, in the body systems and in the organs. Without these two studies we would not have come to
the Germ Theory. Even though each theory is different in concept each theory was important and we
would not have been able to progress along to the next theory. If we would not have had the germ
theory we would not have discovered the need for vaccines or discovered antiseptics. These theories
also allowed physicians to learn to look at diseases on a micro (small scale) instead of just a macro
scale or "big" picture. I feel that these theories have led to significant changes in health care over the
years. These theories have allowed scientist to discover not only how to cure some disease but also
how to prevent diseases from spreading. Scientists were able to develop vaccines, antiseptics, create
personal protective equipment and enabled the public

Who Has Spent Time With Children
Anyone who has spent time with or around children will notice that each one has a special
personality all of their own. Children, like adults, have different traits that make up their
personalities. Experts have researched this phenomenon in detail and classified children into
different categories. Some experts have named more than three categories, but Peter L. Manigone
has chosen three that most experts agree with. These categories have been named "flexible,"
"fearful," and "feisty." Children generally may have similar interests, but the way they interact and
deal with these interests displays their personality type.
The first personality type is called flexible. This is the most common of the three types. About "40
percent of all children fall into the flexible or easy group" (Mangione). These children usually
handle feelings of anger and disappointment by reacting mildly upset. This does not mean that they
do not feel mad or disappointed, they just choose to react mildly. These actions mean the flexible
child is easy to take care of and be around. According to Mangione, they usually "adapt to new
situations and activities quickly, are toilet–trained easily, and are generally cheerful." Flexible
children are subtle in their need for attention. Rather than yelling and demanding it, they will slowly
and politely let their caregiver know about the need. If they do not get the attention right away, they
"seldom make a fuss." They patiently wait, but they still make it known

Characteristics Of The Sanguine
The word sanguine is originated from old French Sanguine, from Latin Sanguineus meaning 'of
blood' or 'bloody' and Sanguis meaning 'blood'. According to the medieval physiology, the sanguine
characters, like cheerfulness, optimism, hopefulness etc are reflection of excess of blood as one of
the four body humors. Sanguine describes the personality of an individual with the temperament
related to blood, the spring weather (wet and hot), and the element of air. The sanguine individual
suddenly gets excited by whatever affects him with immediate reaction, but it is not too deep and
the impression doesn't last long. Some chief characteristics of the Sanguine Temperament are,
Diplomatic– While talking, the sanguines usually use very pleasing words; they speak in a way that
avoids offending others. This character makes them much friendly and pleasing to talk with. Still, at
times they may hurt the feeling of others through their direct and frank words i.e. something 'bitter–
truth'. But, actually they do not intend to offend; rather it is due to their open–hearted nature.
Enthusiastic– Sanguines are too enthusiastic, almost over everything. By nature, they are too curious
and always want getting updated. But as soon as they start doing something, their enthusiasms begin
to fade ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their vivaciousness is what makes them unique and differently identified from others. The
uninterrupted as well as extravagant flow of ideas and words of sanguine often entertain people, but
there also exist a group of serious people who dislike these natures of sanguines. The sanguines are
usually talkative; they talk, gossip, even confide their secrets to everyone. Many–a–times before
completing one thread, they start another one. They just do not remain pinpoint about whatever they
say; rather they swim with the flow of thoughts those are rushing into their

George Ballanchin The Four Temperaments Analysis
The Four Temperaments, choreographed by George Balanchine (1904–1982), was the opening
program of the Ballet Society that had premiered at a high school in New York in November 1946.
The ballet is what inspired Balanchine to expand his views and talents on dance and music
composition. Through the influences of Diaghilev, Balanchine was introduced to a whole new world
of artists, dancers, choreographers, and musicians. Diaghilev was a ballet dancer who created his
own dance company to produce new, provocative, and avant–garde ballets that would impress the
audiences. His company was what created a major influence on 20th century ballet. This made
Balanchine to want to create his own company and start educating other dancers about what it was
meant to really dance. This is when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the ballet, there were four temperaments were melancholic, phlegmatic, sanguinic, and choleric.
Melancholic presents emotions of sadness, grief, and depression. They were ruled by the physical
body and were careful to not take any forms of risk. Phlegmatic shows the calmness and laziness
presented by the character. They were the stabilizing forces within the group. Sanuginic, opposite of
Phlegmatic, shows a much more vibrant and happier character. They followed popular ideas and
rushed to many different experiences. Choleric shows a more annoyed and irritated character. Even
though they were enthusiastic about many things, they were arrogant and wanted things to be done
their way. Each personality shows different portions of all four humors accounting the different
outlook and moods of each character. Balanchine had devised different methods as to how to
choreograph this ballet. He had choreographed based on the individual's talent and strength. Based
on Balanchine's strength as a choreographer he was very easily able to design the dancer's qualities
and characteristics into each

Reflection Paper On Counseling
Session One: I administered the A.P.S. and did a data inventory. She was quite interested but
skeptical of what information would come from the profile. Rebecca is in a local seminary studying
Christian counseling. We have had many opportunities to compare the training we are receiving. I
have been honored to proofread and advise her on papers. She is extremely proficient in the writing
and research process, and she has helped me grow in that process. Session Two: We began with
prayer. Rebecca is 29 years old and single. She is an energetic young lady who is working two part–
time jobs in addition to going to a local seminary working toward a Masters in Christian
Counseling. She has been through a traumatic early life. Approval has been an issue that she has
been facing in her life. She was converted at age sixteen and did not receive approval from her
parents at all concerning Christianity. Her parents are atheists along with a father that has been and
still is an alcoholic. He is an information technology expert, and because of the extreme availability
of positions, he has moved the family many times. Because he is very perceptive of when employers
are finding his problem, he changes jobs before he can be terminated. He uses the guise of being
offered a better position for his quick move of the family. Because of his earning ability, he is an
excellent provider financially, and he can keep his marriage together in what Rebecca describes as a
"loveless

The Inspectors And The Four Temperaments Of The Inspector
Kiersey is about learning about yourself and uncovering things you probly hadn't realized about
yourself before hand. One of the helpful things about kiersey is you could learn things that you
hadn't realized yet, and it also teaches you in a way the keeps you interested because it's about you .
The over view of the four temperaments of kiersey is there's four types of personalities such as the
guardian , the idealist , the rational and the artistion which each of the temperaments have four more
in depth personalities about them . The idealist personalities are the champion which are filled
possibility and are always talking or are simply excited to be around others. The teacher is a
personality unlike most of the idealists , they concern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
the supervisor , there tyicaly a very social and love to be around others no matter what , they are
highly concerned with their responsibility in any situation it is even if it's small details .The
inspector is a dependable person every, they are about ten percent of the population .where they get
done what their asked of and normaly no more then askd of , they are the goody two shoes of world
they highly resect rules in every possible ways . the provider is a giver and cares about those who
care about them , they are concerned with their health , they are the kind of people you wouldn't
realize a lot about them that fast . The protector is my favorite because they take the most work then
any of the other temperaments , they take up to 10 percent of population , their goals are always the
safely of those they care about and security , they have a extreme sense of loyalty , care ,
responabilty , but ssadly are the most undertaken and taken for granted for in the world because
their normaly looked at as silent and even cold when first met but in all realitiy they are very nice
people who care

The Humoral Theory Of William Shakespeare's Romeo And Juliet
The humoral theory is one of the oldest theories of Medicine that proposed that our bodies are made
up of four different humours: black bile, blood, phlegm, and yellow bile. It was believed that while
in good health the humours were in a harmonious balance throughout the body but illness is said to
have disrupted that balance causing one or more humour to become disordered. It is also said that
the mind is effected by the equilibrium of the four temperaments known as melancholic, sanguine,
choleric, and phlegmatic and that they dispersed to make up certain characteristics or personality
traits. Critics have long described Shakespeare as using these humours and temperaments as a way
for the audience to understand the character, plot and other aspects of his plays. In such plays as
Romeo and Juliet where critics have described Romeo as being a melancholy figure it is
exceptionally brought about by using the four humours involved in the humoral theory that is said to
have first originated by Hippocrates and later elaborated on by Galen. The four humours include
Black Bile which is related to the melancholic temperament and said to be associated with the
element earth, the season of winter, the planet Saturn, the spleen, and cold and dry qualities. The
humour Blood is related to the sanguine temperament and associated with the element air, the
season spring, the planet Jupiter, the heart, and hot and moist qualities. While Phlegm is associated
with the temperament phlegmatic

Little Guppies Case Study
Name: Meg White Classroom: Little Guppies
.1. How does the child react to frustration/disappointment?
On 11/4 Teddy (15 months) was observed getting upset when a Velcro toy was put around his wrist.
He expressed his frustration by looking at the toy and his face showed an annoyed expression as he
put his arm out to the teacher and looks at her. When she does not take it off for him, he resorts to
making the frustrated face accompanied with a whining sound and some mumbling then the teach
took the toy off his wrist.
On 10/24 Teddy dealt with disappointment in a similar way. He wanted to go up in the loft, and he
asked by looking at me and making his whining sound. When I told him he could not go up there
right now he whined louder and it turned into more of a crying sound but without any tears.
2. How does the child react to aggression? Describe the situation in detail. ... Show more content on
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Teddy had been carrying and pushing around the wooden block toy (with the different contraptions
on every side of the block). Teddy and Ellen were pulling the toy back and forth between each other.
Teddy would make his frustration face as they pulled but Teddy gave up and went to go play
somewhere else after Ellen kept pulling.
3. How does the child react to fear/anxiety? Describe the situation in detail. _____/2 pts
While I have never seen Teddy in a state of fear or anxiety, I have heard that he does not like the
presence of curtain individuals. Katie told me of a situation on 11/15 where Mary came into the
room to help JJ and Teddy would scream until someone would pick him up, or if she would go in
the play area, since he was in the kitchen eating lunch.
4. How does the child react to joy/happiness? Describe the situation in detail. _____/2

Jung Typology Test And The Four Temperaments
After completing the Jung Typology Test, and the Four Temperaments exercise, I have discovered
what exactly my personality traits are and I have narrowed down what some of my strengths and
weaknesses are based on a human metrics scale. Throughout this paper I will be discussing the Four
Temperaments which are relevant to my test scores being, Extravert, Intuitive, Feeling, and Judging
and how both my strengths and weaknesses in those temperaments can relate to my everyday work
life. I will show those strengths and weaknesses by giving examples and researching which will
show validity to why I scored what I did on the Jung Typology Test. Throughout this paper I will
also be discussing the NF– "The Idealists" style and how being categorized as, "The Teacher" or
"The Giver" type is fitting to my lifestyle. Lastly, I will reference the "Type Talk at Work" textbook
in discussing what role I play in my organization and how I can better understand why my
personality traits have such a major impact on who I am, how my co–workers view me and what
I've learned. In conclusion, the Jung Typology Test and the Four Temperaments exercise will
ultimately allow me to grow as a member in my organization. E– Extravert (69%) The first
temperament I will be discussing is the extravert temperament. After completing the Jung Typology
Test, I received a score of 69% in this category. Extravert is defined as "an outgoing, overtly
expressive person" (www.dictonary.com). I feel I scored relatively high in this category because I
am a very social, outgoing, fun person. This temperament validates my personality because I grew
up in a large Italian family, and I also attended a large high school which allowed me to learn how to
speak up, be heard and to not be shy. Within my work life, I have been a U.S. Air Force Security
Forces member for 8 years, and I feel that when you work in a Law Enforcement career field you
learn valuable skills such as, how to use your verbal words to diffuse a situation and also how to
speak and be sociable to any person you may come in contact or have an interaction with. In the
article, "Extraversion and Reward Processing", the author states that, "Reward processes have
played an

Spirt Controlled Temperament By Tim Lahaye Gets More In
Spirt Controlled Temperament by Tim LaHaye gets more in to detail about your weakest
temperament and your strongest temperament. There is twelve chapters all describing our
temperaments. We all have a temperament, simple as that. We most likely get our temperament traits
from our grandparents. Which is kind of scary for me, because my grandparents are crazy on both
sides. But, through the grace of God our temperaments can change, and for me that is a true
blessing. There are four temperaments types; sanguine, choleric, melancholy, and phlegmatic. The
sanguine are "enjoying", choleric are very active and strong–willed, melancholy are self–sacrificing
and emotional, and phlegmatic are the easy–going temperaments. Each one of these ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
When we look to Christ for help He changes us. We will not be able to tell over night, but years
from now looking back you can tell when filled with the Holy Spirit.
For me what I can relate to is thinking I will notice a change within a day, but as I learned that can
take years. Looking back on my life I have seen how God has kept his hand on me all through life,
even when I was not following Christ. Going to a military school for six months is when change
accrued in my life. Of courses, I knew I was doing something different, but I did not see the change
at the time. Growing up I was surrounded by negative people at home and at school. I can remember
one day I got in trouble at school, so when I got back to my aunt's house, she came in the room I
was in and told me right in front of my cousin, "You are an embarrassment to this family." That hit
me so hard, because in the office at school they called me a "bully" and in the hallways, I was
known as a "weirdo." Then at home I was thought of as an "embarrassment." I felt nothing but anger
and depression, telling myself, "Nobody loves you. Destiny, your own family does not care about
you, NOBODY does!" The reason I say the military school changed me is because I had accepted
Jesus Christ as my Lord and Savior. I did not see the change right then and there, but I did know
God had a plan for me. While I was in the program I learned that I cannot hold on to the past and let
people determine who I am. I was so lost

Temperament Categories
1. How would you describe your own temperament? (Do you think you were an easy child, a
difficult child, or a slow–to–warm–up child?)
As an infant and toddler, I don't think that I fell under one temperament category. I spent my infancy
and toddler years in a village in the mountains of Mexico. In consequence, I had to deal with
poverty, lack of resources, and the absence of my mother for most of those years. For those reasons,
I believe that I probably had characteristics from of the temperament categories. My mother had told
me that as an infant if she couldn't find anyone to watch me, she would take me with her to the
fields and leave me at the end of her rows and check on me when she made her way back. Hearing
these kinds of stories makes me believe that I had to adapt and overcome many different situations
depending on my environment at that time. I can compare this to the "goodness–of– fit" theory
mentioned in the book on page 189. As an adolescent, I went through some traumas and I would
describe myself to be more of a difficult type of temperament.
2. How stable has your temperament been over the course of your development (Do you believe that
your personality today is similar to your temperament as a child)?
Because of my changing environment's as I developed, I would consider my temperaments to be
unstable. For example, I started ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe I was also a very resilient child having to deal and overcome many hardships. Because I
had to deal abuse, lack of mother–daughter bonding, and other hardships I developed many
protective factors to overcome these circumstances. The disadvantages to the mixture of
temperament's with predominately difficult style; are the repercussions I have had and that I
continue to deal with today. In consequence, I fear that I will not be able to parent my future
children in a healthy manner because I was never shown a healthy

Understanding Temperament In Infants And Amy Hunter
The article "Understanding Temperament in Infants and Toddlers" is written by Lindsy T Allard and
Amy Hunter and through this article the author has tried to help early childhood caregivers and
parents to develop an understanding of temperament, so that they can better understand the
individual differences of the children and can support their holistic development.
Summary of the Article Temperament describes the way a child approaches, reacts and relate to the
world around them. It helps us identify the strengths of the child and the supports they need to
succeed in their relationships and the environments. Researchers categorized the children, who tend
to be happy, regular in their routines and don't get easily upset, as easy ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As an educator when I am very much informed about the temperament it would help me create and
design developmentally appropriate learning environments and practices as "developmentally
appropriate learning environments and practices give children optimal time and space in which to
learn new skills and build on existing competencies. In developmentally appropriate early care
children's needs are dealt with quickly. Children are talked with and listened to respectfully." (Jean
Barbre, 2013, p. 44) e.g. using familiar objects, like a stuffed animal to ease anxiety during
transitions such as morning drop off. With the understanding of temperament, I as an educator
would not be biased and use the labelling as good, bad, better and worse

William Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream
Finding a metaphor in Shakespeare's plays is like searching for a book in a bookstore. It is easy to
find one, but requires time to fully understand its rich content and significance. In the expository
scene of A Midsummer Night's Dream , it first seems that Theseus, the Duke of Athens, emphasizes
only his authority and Hermia's inferior, unexperienced status by telling her to "Know of your
youth, examine well your blood" (1.1.68). If Hermia would literally inspect the red fluid flowing in
her arteries and veins on stage, she would have mistaken the phrase. The blood is rather a complex
metaphor which is crucial for the understanding of the comedy. This paper sketches the thesis that
the blood–metaphor in AMND represents hierarchies in family and society given by birth as well as
the theory of the four humors. In the Early Modern Period, humorism was an approved medical
explanation for personal temperaments based on four distinct bodily fluids, of which blood is one.
In some Shakespearean tragedies and histories, the blood symbolizes death and guilt following
combats and murders. In the comedy AMND however, the conflicts surrounding order and desire do
not necessarily result in bloodsheds, but lead to little combats about blood–lines inside the Athenian
clans.
The first scene reveals the conflict between Hermia and her father Egeus over marriage. Egeus acts
out his power as Athenian nobleman and father when he promises Hermia to Demetrius, although
she wants to marry

The Summaries Four Types Of Temperaments
The Keirsey summaries four types of temperaments. The Artisan will have the tendency to be
impulsive and to bend the rules to obtain their goals. This would create a challenge or possible
barrier to a guardian, like myself, as I think of duties, following the rules, and respecting others. The
artisan can also be unconventional and spontaneous. This too can be a problem due to the guardian
wanting to go slowly and have researched prior to implementing a change. Working with an artisan
can also be a good experience. As I take more time in evaluating a change, an artisan can assist in
implanting a needed change in a timely fashion. The idealist avoids conflict and confrontation
because it upsets them. They put up barriers between people. They also have the tendency to focus
on what might be rather than what is. This would cause a conflict to my guardian personality.
Guardian leaders deal with confrontation by systematically resolving the problem and focusing on
the here and now rather than what might be. An idealist act in good conscious as they attempt to
reach their goals without compromising their code of ethics. I would work well with this personality
trait as I too work toward my goals in the same fashion. Whole Person Goals/Achievement of Goals
Physical My physical goals are to exercise on a regular basis and lose weight to get to an
appropriate BMI. I can achieve these goal by spending a minimum of four days a week in the gym
and by taking the time to make proper food

The Mind-BOD Conflection : Physical And Psychological...
THE MIND–BODY CONNECTION: PSYCHOSOCIAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN
HEALTH 2 NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Stacy
Katrina ( e) Green THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures:
If requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first
page of your assignment. In addition, your assignment header should include your last name, first
initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page
number right justified. For example: DoeJXXX0000–1 1 Save a copy of your assignments: You may
need to re–submit an assignment at your instructor's request. Make sure you save your files in
accessible location. Academic integrity: All work submitted in each course must be your own
original work. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by
your instructor. Knowingly submitting another person's work as your own, without properly citing
the source of the work, is considered plagiarism. This will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the
work submitted or for the entire course. It may also result in academic dismissal from the
University. PSY 8301 Dr. Amanda H. Deloye Psychosocial Factors in Health Assignment: 1 Faculty
Use Only THE MIND–BODY CONNECTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS IN HEALTH 1

The Personality Theory Of Adler 's Individual Psychology...
I. Theory Description The personality theory that I have chosen as best identifying with my
personality and beliefs is Adler's Individual Psychology theory (Friedman & Schustack, 2012).
Adler based his theory on the belief that individuals placed varying degrees of importance in
different aspects of social and individual motivations such as an ideal goal. He used the term
finalism to describe his idea that individuals all have an ultimate goal that they strive to become.
The goal is subjective to the person, and is influenced by the person's ideals, whether fictional or
imagined (Schultz & Schultz, 2005). Adler's theory emphasized complexes of inferiority,
superiority, and dynamics in the context of birth order, and external influences. Of particular note in
Adler's theory are his views on personality typology. Basing his theory on temperament beliefs and
ideas from the Greek notions, he broke the typology down into four components: choleric or
irritable temperament; sanguine or extroverted temperament, also described as the cheerful
temperament; phlegmatic temperament which he described as lethargic; and the melancholy, or
introverted, brooding temperament (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). It is in these four components
that I identify my beliefs on how my personality was developed. Adler believed that a child's
experiences in early stages of emotional development were fundamental to the belief system that
developed the personality and created the drive to overcome feelings

Effects Of Self Esteem On Self-Esteem
). Self–esteem significantly affects the child's development in regulating their emotions to support
healthy and positive interpersonal relationships. Children with high self–esteem display higher
confidence in self–expression, giving and receiving love, development of judgment, and gain
critical cognitive skills (Kostelnik et al., 2010). Moreover, children with low self–esteem often
showcase negative emotional response, aggression, antisocial behavior, and a pessimistic outlook
(Kostelnik et al., 2010). As confidence is stemmed from the sense of security that children feel from
their caregivers; healthy parental efficacy plays a role in helping their child develop positive self–
esteem. The caregiver must provide an adequate amount of WAGER to provide a secure space for
the child to learn, gain self–awareness, and develop self–regulating skills (Kostelnik et al., 2010).
Therefore, the amount of WAGER and sensitive caregiving that a parent provides is correlated to the
level of self–esteem that the child develops. For example, when parents provide a sensitive
nurturance, children are more likely to feel secure in their worth, competence, and control
(Kostelnik et al., 2010). As social participants, children will project their self–esteem when
accepting or rejecting how others treat them (Kostelnik et al., 2010). As a result, the self–esteem and
self–perception that children develop ultimately influences social interaction and interpersonal
relationships (Kostelnik et al.,

Internal Conflict In Hamlet
"What a piece of work is a man!" (Shakespeare 2.2.265), Hamlet exclaims, so accurately describing
the human condition. Shakespeare shows a deep understanding of the human mind: humans act
according to either their reason or emotions. According to Classical thought, which was renewed in
the Elizabethan era, the traditional four elements–earth, fire, water, and air–form the basis of
psychological classification known as the four humors: melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic, and
sanguine. These "humors" or temperaments were thought to explain a person's physical, mental, and
moral characteristics. A person was thought to be perfectly balanced only when no one of the four
temperaments dominated, and therefore judgements are not made based more heavily on thoughts or
passions (Kazlev). Shakespeare's Hamlet suggests that reason is a gift given to man that should be
used and controlled so that man neither wastes time contemplating action nor makes rash decisions,
and can thus be perfectly balanced.
Throughout the drama, Hamlet experiences an internal conflict between his reason and his passion.
This internal conflict causes Hamlet to "only act instinctively when his reason is overtaken by his
passion" (Cohen 75). This is seen first when Hamlet decides to go alone with the ghost. His
depression overwhelms his reason, and he therefore has no regard for his own life. He says, "Why,
what should be the fear? / I do not set my life at a pin's fee" (Shakespeare 1.4.64–5). After meeting
with the ghost, however, he begins to question whether he can trust what the spirit told him. This
doubt restricts him from acting against Claudius:
Yet I,
A dull and muddy–mettled rascal, peak
Like John–a–dreams, unpregnant of my cause,
And can say nothing–no, not for a king,
Upon whose property and most dear life
A damned defeat was made. Am I a coward? (2.2.487–92).
Hamlet chastises himself for not taking action to avenge his father. He answers his question of
cowardice in Act 3 when he says, "Thus conscience does make cowards of us all." He is aware that
his overthinking is restraining him. However, he decides he must have absolute proof of the King's
guilt (2.2.519–25). By waiting until he knows for certain that Claudius committed the

The Personality Test : Kersey Temperament Sorter II
PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
The personality test "Kersey Temperament Sorter II" was to know what kind of personality of the
four temperaments (Guardians, Artisans, Idealist, and Rational) do I have. The questions were based
on my daily life, opinions, interest, and feelings. It was a personal question, in how would I react
under various circumstances in a daily life. The questions were easier, simple to answer and short,
where you give to know yourself. It was a psychological test where they evaluate your skills and
aspects of your personality that most influence your future. The questions were to find the main
characteristics of your character to deduce your personality for example what things you prefer, how
you consider yourself ,what would you do in your daily life. My overall impression of the question
used in this personality assessment was impressive because just with a few question it can describe
your personality, even if you know yourself but no one else does and "Kersey Temperament Sorter
II "describe you perfectly. I was surprised how the psychologist can interact with people and
discover how each person behaves trough this test. There is usually no" good" or "bad" answer, as
they seek compatibility of your personality. The questions are neutral and no one is going to judge
because of there are four temperaments personalities and each one is different. You need to answer
the questions with honesty to find your personality and is interesting how "Kersey Temperament

Family Reflection Essay
ECFS 200Childhood Reflection Assignment I grew up in a small town in Eastern Washington close
to the Idaho border. Being the first born, I spent my childhood years mostly at home and at my
parents' restaurant. I pretty much grew up in the restaurant; the employees that have been there since
the beginning are basically my second family. I would spend most of my time in the restaurant while
my parents worked, doing math problems or napping in the back office. Occasionally, I would be
babysat by a friend of my parents that lived in the next town over. The town was about 10 minutes
away and was convenient for my parents when they knew it was going to be a busy day at the
restaurant. People would describe my childhood self as shy and quiet, yet very energetic. I think that
my temperament, my diversity and culture that I grew up in, and the risk factors that came up in my
childhood had an influence in shaping me into the person I am today. As Professor Clevenger–
Bright stated in the lecture on family systems, there are three general temperaments: the "easy
children", the "difficult children", and the "slow to warm up" (2016a). I feel like I grew up being in
two different temperaments, and the two are the "slow to warm up" and the "easy children". Being a
shy and quiet child, I wasn't always the first person to be really excited in a new environment.
Especially when I started to go to preschool, I have heard many stories of the first few days of
school when I wouldn't stop crying until I threw up so that my parents had to take me home. As I
slowly adapted and got more comfortable being away from my parents, it was easier for me to be
happy in participating in new activates and new routines during the school day. Going to a small
school, I was able to warm up faster to new stimuli because of the tight knit surrounding of my
friends and teachers. Now, I am able to quickly adapt to new environments and new people. Along
with temperaments, diversity and culture played a role in my childhood. Growing up in an Asian
household in a majority White community, I was submersed in two different cultures. Going to a
friend's house always felt a little weird, especially at the age of 6 because I spent the majority of my
time at

Personality Theory
personality theories, types and tests personality types, behavioural styles theories, personality and
testing systems – for self–awareness, self–development, motivation, management, and recruitment
Motivation, management, communications, relationships – focused on yourself or others – are a lot
more effective when you understand yourself, and the people you seek to motivate or manage or
develop or help.
Understanding personality is also the key to unlocking elusive human qualities, for example
leadership, motivation, and empathy, whether your purpose is self–development, helping others, or
any other field relating to people and how we behave.
The personality theories that underpin personality tests and personality quizzes are ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding personality – of your self and others – is central to motivation. Different people have
different strengths and needs. You do too.
The more you understand about personality, the better able you are to judge what motivates people –
and yourself.
The more you understand about your own personality and that of other people, the better able you
are to realise how others perceive you, and how they react to your own personality and style.
Knowing how to adapt the way you work with others, how you communicate, provide information
and learning, how you identify and agree tasks, are the main factors enabling successfully managing
and motivating others – and yourself.
Importantly you do not necessarily need to use a psychometrics instrument in order to understand
the theory and the basic model which underpins it. Obviously using good psychometrics instruments
can be extremely useful and beneficial, (and enjoyable too if properly positioned and administered),
but the long–standing benefit from working with these models is actually in understanding the logic
and theory which underpin the behavioural models or personality testing systems concerned. Each
theory helps you to understand more about yourself and others.
In terms of 'motivating others' you cannot sustainably 'impose' motivation on another person. You
can inspire them perhaps, which lasts as long as

Describe The Characteristics Of A Child Temperament
Children who are rarely spoken to, who are left to cry without parent interacts has little opportunity
to explore their environment. Also, children who experience frequent anger or boredom cannot fully
develop their potential and stable personalities, despite their genetics, improvements from parent,
interactions promote the health and development of vulnerable children. Not all children's
temperaments fall into the categories that are described. Children who share the same temperament
trait might react quite differently in similar situations, or throughout different stages in their
development. An example, of this is when children see someone they are not familiar with their
reactions to their temperament will allow them to show their feelings and identify their
temperament. When you understand your own temperament, traits help you understand the child's
perspective. This reflective process can help you become more attuned to the experience of each
child This will help you determine what might be needed to create a better fit for each child. When
talking about a child, you must ask the parents to help you understand their child's activity level, and
how their child response to new situations, and their child's persistence, distractibility, adaptability,
mood, intensity, sensitivity so that you can learn about their child's temperament and the family's
cultural. It is important to listen to how the family feels about the temperament characteristics of
their child. Therefore, it is important to understand that although a child's basic temperament does
not change over time, the intensity of temperamental trait can be affected by a family's cultural
values and parenting styles. For example, a family that values persistence the ability to stick to a
task and keep trying may be more likely to praise and reward a child for "sticking with" a
challenging task as building a tower with Lego's.
I cannot judge a child's temperament traits as "good" or "bad." I need to work with parents to
understand their child's approach and understand the contribution each child's temperament type
makes to the group. My brother was an active child and would always lead me and my sister around,
he was a leader, and would always be the

What I Think About The World Of Personalities Has Been...
Introduction: What is the first thing you think of when someone says the word personality? Do you
think along the lines of birth order or someone being outgoing or shy? Those are both normal
thoughts of what personalities are. Always I would immediately think of the four temperaments. In
my research I plan to prove that personalities come in different temperaments known as choleric,
melancholy, sanguine, and phlegmatic. I will be explaining and talking about each one; Where they
came from, how they are different, similar, and what they mean, and also how certain temperaments
people have affect how they get along with others and what jobs suit them better and why.
Pages1–5: [Based off of the order of my thesis] Describe each
Exploring the world of personalities has been remarkably interesting. What originally sparked my
interest was my curiosity of what personality I personally have and how everyone is so uniquely
different. The four temperaments are what I 'm going to branch off of. The four temperaments are
choleric, melancholy, sanguine and phlegmatic. Cholerics are often found to be the 'Alpha" of our
species, known as being dominant leaders, being more extrovert. Melancholic is definition of
perfectionist who is introverted and sensitive. Phlegmatics are very submissive, indecisive people
pleasers who are introverted. Sanguines are extremely extroverted, who are social butterflies who
enjoy being center of attention being their bubbly, chatty outgoingness

Reflection Paper
In this rationale I will discuss what I learned in this course as it pertains to the four personality types
and demonstrate how I will use this new knowledge in the classroom. As a Title 1 aide, I am
required to use a research–based reading instruction program in working with identified K, 1st, and
2nd graders. These programs are scripted and tend to be inflexible. The phonics workbooks I must
utilize have the same set–up lesson after lesson. I have often thought to myself that working through
the lessons becomes boring after just a few days. Now I am sure some of the students are thinking
the same! The same routine or lesson structure day after day might be comfortable for the Gold
student, but quite the opposite for the Orange child (Keogh, 2003). Since I am required to deliver a
scripted reading program, I decided to create an informational resource on the True Colors for the
teachers and staff in my building. Each wheel I created is divided into four quadrants. One quadrant
contains adjectives which describe a student dominant in that color. Another quadrant of the wheel
lists some of their potential likes and dislikes. A third quadrant suggests different ways a teacher
may be able to help a student be more successful in the classroom. Lastly, each wheel has a quadrant
presenting a children's book title that has a character which will illustrate that particular personality
type. It's not hard to recognize that one's personality has shades of all four of

Personal Case Analysis: Working Together In Groups
Case Analysis MGS
Working together in a group can be overwhelming due to the different personalities and work habits
that team members bring along with them. It takes managerial knowledge and leadership traits to
see the skills in each member and bring them together to achieve a common purpose. At the
beginning of the semester when we were all assigned our groups I had my judgements about the
individuals with whom I would be working with for the rest of the term. When I first met Logan, my
first impression of him was he was a laid back guy and very introverted. He came off as someone
who would be a minimal contribution to the group and rely heavily on the team. Learning that his
Keirsey temperament profile awarded him guardian status was a complete shock to me. The
characteristics of a guardian were the complete opposite from my judgement of him. Guardians are
supposed to be hardworking, responsible and leaders. Learning all this information I believe that his
fun going nature will be what is easiest to work with him. His laid back attitude is what is going to
make it hard to work with him. To get the best results out of Logan I will have to give him small
work related tasks to keep him engaged and responsible. This way he is well aware of the task that
is going on and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He comes off as a motivated, dependable and helpful. Finding out Lonnie was a Guardian made me
realize that his helpfulness is what was going to make it easier working with him. Every team needs
someone that is willing to go out of their way to assist others and that is what Lonnie is. Lonnie
being a little older than all of us seems a little more cautious to change than the others. This factor
will make working with Lonnie harder. When working with Lonnie individually I will be more than
accepting of his assistance but I will have to spend a little more time convincing him of the benefits
of change in certain

The Four Temperaments Of The Keirsey Sorter
Describe the four temperaments of the Keirsey Sorter
The Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) is a self–assessed questionnaire that is intended to help
people understand the personality of others and themselves. Embracing the ideas of ancient Greeks,
Keirsey developed the Temperament Sorter. He was intrigued by the work Kretschmer and Sheldon
in the late 1940s, which comprised of the study of the human physique and criminality (Kretschmer,
1970). Finally, Keirsey was introduced to the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in the late 50's
and developed the modern temperament sorter, known at the Keirsey Temperament Sorter (Keirsey,
1994). The KTS and MBTI are closely associated as two personality questionnaires but Myers types
groups to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within this temperament there are four subcategories which are associated to the Myers–Briggs type
indicators; Supervisors (ESTJ), Inspectors (ISTJ), Provider (ESFJ), and Protector (ISFJ). Each
subcategory that represents the Guardian temperament has a strong conviction of probability and
structure in common. They tend to feel accomplished when they get things accomplished and
meeting expectations of others.
The second temperament is the Artisan. Artisans are creative, optimistic and spontaneous. They are
adventurous and seek all kinds of stimulation. Within this temperament there are four subcategories
which are associated to the Myers–Briggs type indicators; Promoter (ESTP), Crafter (ISTP),
Performer (ESFP), and Composure (ISFP). This temperament is confident and inspirational, they
love to entertain and charming.
The third temperament is the Idealist. This temperament strives in personal growth and
development. They are enthusiastic and want meaningful relationships. Within this temperament
there are four subcategories which are associated to the Myers–Briggs type indicators; Teacher
(ENFJ), Counselor (INFJ), Champion (ENFP), and Healer (INFP). The Idealist is an individualist
with personal genuineness that has a keen sense of the emotions and sentiment around them.
The final temperament is the Rational, the problem solvers. This type of person is independent and
strategic. They have an

Challenges Children Face that Need to Be Addressed
Children in our communities are exposed to many challenges that need to be addressed by teachers
and adults in order to keep a healthy environment that promotes their development. Parents need to
be aware of children's different temperaments to make socialization easier and to improve
friendships and understanding. Teachers need to be aware of the developmental practices to ensure
the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children. Also, they need to be aware
of the risk factors that affect their school performance and their life to help them overcome their
problems. The two children with a very different temperament that I am going to describe are Maria
and Jose. After observing how they behave and act in different situations, I was able to know each
of their temperaments. For example, Maria fears strangers, gets frustrated very easily and most of
the time is fussy and moody. According to Roberta M. Berns, Maria's temperament is categorized as
" difficult" (Berns, 2013, p. 11). Socialization is rough at home and at school for this child.
Therefore, the kind of classroom and teaching style that could foster "goodness of fit" will be an
environment with a lot of space for her to do many activities that require energy and that help her
with her frustration. It is important to allow her to make some choices. As an educator, it is
important for me to remember to redirect her from one place to another and communicate with her
so she knows what to

Interpersonal Studies
The short–term longitudinal study operated by McElwain, Ogolsky, Engle, Holland, and Mitchell
(2016) seeks to discover how child–child similarity on temperament and attachment can act as
predictors of interaction quality between previously unacquainted children. The purpose of this
study was to add to current research and knowledge concerning the friend selection process of
young children. This study's observations increased the understanding of hemophilic selection of
peer partners, as well as attachment and temperament research (McElwain et al., 2016). Overall, the
study examined the types of interactions that would take place between pairs of children who both
possessed similar levels (low, moderate, or high) of child–mother attachment ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The experimental method began to take place when the children reached 39 months of age. In
addition, the 114 children taking part in the study were paired into 57 same–sex dyads, according to
their similarity on either attachment or temperament, and the interactions within each dyad were
observed in 3 laboratory visits that spanned over a period of 1 month (McElwain et al., 2016).
Following the study, the results remained consistent with the researcher's expectations, and the
findings of previous research that investigated homophily among young children. Child–child
similarity pertaining to positive qualities were correlated to positive child–child interaction during
each laboratory play session (McElwain et al., 2016). McElwain distinguished that the most
noticeable positive interactions were between children with higher–levels of child–mother
attachment security and children with moderate to high levels of child temperament pleasure.
Conversely, McElwain et al. discovered that positive interaction decreased overtime when child–
child similarity on attachment security was low or if each child within the dyad possessed low levels
of child–mother attachment security. Moreover, child–child similarity on temperamental anger
proneness and social fearfulness generated ambivalent

The Four Humors And Their Influence Through Time
The Four Humors and Their Influence Through Time Greek Antiquity was a time of some of the
greatest minds of all time, such as Plato and Aristotle, leading to many inventions and ideas that are
still relevant today, from hydraulics to astronomy. One of the most influential realizations, however,
came from the mind of a man named Hippocrates, as he began the real start of the practice of
medicine. Hippocrates of Cos, a physician in ancient Greece, is considered to be the father of
medicine due to his many contributions to the field in his life. Through research and different
experiments he was able to conclude many different principles, including on of the most important:
the four humors. By observing reactions to different illnesses, sometimes leading the patient to die,
he was able to develop the theory. His theory of the four humors was that the human body was filled
with four basic substances, or humors, that when in balance indicate the person is healthy. If there
was too little or too much of one of the four, a disease or disability would result. The four humors of
Hippocratic medicine are black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm. Before the humors were
introduced, many people believed that the source of illness was punishment from the Gods. It wasn't
until after Hippocrates' introduction to medicine that the field stepped away from religion and into
science. The introduction of the four humors led to a continuing line of thought up until the
nineteenth century

Jung Typology Test And The Four Temperaments
Jung Typology Test & The Four Temperaments.
Growing up, my mother always taught myself and my brother that life is what we make it and you
get out what you out into the world. Having good morals and good intentions has always been the
framework in which I have stood tall on and lived by. It is in many ways, my worldview. One I
believe has been embattled in me so much, that in some ways, it shows in my actions, temperament,
and the way that handle all things in my life.
From taking the Jung Typology Test, I learned a lot about myself. The first bring that I am a ESFP.
Meaning that I am 13% extravert, 3% sensing, 22% feeling, and 34% perceiving. When I think
about this, I really have to honestly say that this is true. After looking over The Four Temperaments,
I really started to understand my personality and just what type of person that I am.
ESFP means, Extraverted Sensing Feeling Perceiving (SFP, 2017). A ESFP type of person is said to
be the life of the party. A person who likes to have fun and be the most dominate person in any
situation. We are spontaneous, impulsive and most times always entertaining. We are also very
impulsive. Meaning we jump from one thing to another. It doesn't matter if it's an idea, a job or an
thought (SFP, 2017). If something else grabs our attention, we move onto it without a second
thought.
According to The Four Temperaments, ESFP are Artists. We have a "sensation seeking" personality.
We are also natural performers and wonderful

Explain The Four Temperaments
 The four temperaments categorises personality into four types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic
and phlegmatic.  Four temperaments is a proto–psychological theory that believes that individuals
are one of the four personality types.  In Ancient Greece, these four temperaments are linked to
the four body humors (blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm). These four humors are also
believed to be linked with the four elements (air, fire, earth and water).  It was theorised that an
unproportioned amount of these fluids resulted in sickness and disease. A well balanced amount of
all the humors resulted in a healthy body and mind. Disproportion of one of the four humor fluids
determined the personality type of the individual.  Humoral theory

Temperament And How Is It Formed?
Temperaments What is temperaments and how is it formed? Temperament is the way a person or in
this matter a child or infant would behave or react to an event or their environment (Cook & Cook,
2014). A temperament is formed by nature and nurture, all thought an infant is born with an "innate
tendency" the temperament will form as the infant parents reinforce this temperament (Cook &
Cook, 2014). Some infants are born more sociable, and others might be shy and even afraid of most
things (Cook & Cook, 2014). Everyone needs to feel accepted, and children are not far behind, is
important they feel accepted even if their temperament "isn't easy to handle" or just a breeze
temperament (Zerotothree, 2010). A child's temperament and personality can be a something they
have inherited from the infants' parents, but the environment where the infant grows is just as
important as the genetics (Cook & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A child that has an easy temperament is usually positive, smiles frequently and very easy, can
overcome new situations easily and adapt to the new changes, most of all will have a set schedule
for eating, sleeping and other activities (Cook & Cook, 2014). A difficult temperament is the
opposite of an easy temperament. The child is usually negative and will become frustrated very
easily, any new situations will become a problem, and shows no pattern when it comes to basic
things like eating and sleeping (Cook & Cook, 2014). In another hand, a child that has a slow–to–
warm–up temperament can sometimes have a negative behavior to new things but if exposure is
persistent a better or positive response can be developed (Cook & Cook, 2014). The better side of a
child that has a slow–to–warm–up temperament is that they have "less emotional reactions" and
would actually do better with scheduled times for eating and sleeping (Cook & Cook,

Client Demographics Paper
Client basic demographics
Client is a 52 year–old female. Client is a married and has four grown children. She is a retired
firefighter and currently a paramedic. Client has a BFA and presently is enrolled in graduate school
to become a mental health counselor. Client appears to be physically healthy and states she has no
emotional, psychological, physical or spiritual issues at this time.
Client presenting problem
Client expresses an interest in specializing in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Specifically
with veterans and the military. Client also will specialize in domestic violence, sexual assault and
crisis counseling. This is not a problem she is reporting, it is what she wants to discuss. She has
been thinking about this area ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reasoning behind giving the 16PF assessment is due to the fact it measures 16 different, but
specific personality traits. The responses to the questions/statements are choses as; 1) disagree, 2)
slightly disagree, 3) neither agree or disagree, 4) agree, and 5) agree. This test is not time
consuming, as it usually takes around 10 minutes to complete. It is suggested (Cattell & Mead,
2008), the responses to the individual questions may illicit a more holistic and clear image of the
individual that can be correlated with potential areas of vocation in which the client may be best
suited. The 16PF is validated with empirical research and presents test–retest reliability at 0.80
(Cattell et al., 2008). Consistency of the assessment from an internal observation is rated at an
average of 0.87 based on heterogeneous conglomerate of the five global scales of characteristics, as
stated by Cattell et al., (2008).
The second assessment the client will take is the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II assessment. This
assessment is another brief personality/temperament evaluation tool consisting of 70 questions.
Scoring and evaluation of the four basic temperaments as found by Keirsy, a psychologist, can help
to understand the reasoning behind an individual's behaviors. There has been found a
complementary relationship between the KTS–II and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (Kelly &
Jugovic,

The Four Temperaments
The four temperaments identified by the Keirsey Temperament Sorter are guardians, idealists,
artisans, and rationals. Guardians are called concrete cooperators and are usually focused on their
jobs and responsibilities. People with this temperament emphasize the importance of following
rules, respecting others, and obeying laws. The idealist are abstract cooperators who talk a lot about
their hopes, imaginations, and dreams. Idealists focus on ways to achieve their goals while
complying with their moral standards. Artisans, concrete utilitarians, are very focused on things
right here and right now. Artisans love seeing things right in front of them instead of imagining and
will do almost anything to reach satisfaction, even if it is not in accord with rules or ethics. Finally,
rationalists, also called abstract utilitarians, focus on problems and solutions. They try to be efficient
when achieving their goals, no matter the consequence. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Guardians make up 40–45 percent of society. For the most part, I agree with this temperament. I am
often called a hard worker, a distinctive quality of guardians, at my job. I am also very organized
which I discovered is also a quality of people who have the guardian temperament. The other
temperament i could see fitting my personality would be the rationalist temperament. I see myself as
someone who likes to solve problems. On some questions it was very hard to choose an answer
because I felt like both choices applied to me

Summary Of The Triptych Melencome, And Knight, Death And...
The triptych Melencolia I (1514), St. Jerome in his Study (1514) and Knight, Death and the Devil
(1513) by Albrecht Dürer are allegoric copperplate engravings, known as the old master prints,
which embody the three spheres of human activity: the "intellectual", "theological" and "active"1.
Whereas the latter focused on the strengths of humanity through the figure of the 'knight', who
perseveres despite the threat 'death' and immorality pose to the mind, the former highlighted man's
hamartia in this conflict: our curiosity, for a level of knowledge akin to the divine, that first caused
humanity to fall in the Bible.
Similar to Knight, Death and the Devil, the setting for Melencolia I is separated into two worlds.
The background ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jerome in his study is cut from the right: accentuated by the vanishing point's placement, between
the cut and saint– who appears absorbed by the room and his studies. Dürer's master print exhibits
"supreme manifestation of the... perspectivist's scientia"4 mirroring the saint's enthralled look into
creation with his own geometrical studies, creating depth and texture from his concentration of light
and hard lines in depictions of: shadows, objects and sunlight. Compared to Melencolia I's dark
atmosphere from an imbalance between thought and the corporeal world– the study's surroundings,
such as the cushions, implies a level of comfort associated with home–life. The patron saint of
humanism is Dürer's most depicted saint, due to his ties to the movement: in St. Jerome in his study
however his depiction also correlates with the first translation of Jerome's biography in German.
Despite this, the saint is not the focal point of the engraving, as Melencolia is: instead Dürer draws
attention towards the objects surrounding St. Jerome, emphasising the figure's self–imposed
isolation in his pursuit of knowledge. Biblical symbols can be interpreted from the gourd vine above
the study, referencing Jonah: "You had pity on the vine, for which you did no work and for the
growth of which you were not responsible"5. The passage mirrors Melencolia and St. Jerome's
characters: passive and

Is The Theory Of Basis Data Scientific?
1. Is the theory's basis data scientific? The trait/biological approach is a little scientific. The data
used to establish the traits does not include a large and diverse sample. The theorists who did collect
data collected it from individuals whose personalities supported their theories. Raymond Cattell
collected three types of data: L–data (behavior in everyday situations), Q–data (self–reported
questionnaires), and OT–data (objective tests). With the data, Cattell ran a factor analysis and if the
data correlated, they would be clustered together to create a factor. The majority of the data he
collected is subjective. The five–factor model was developed by opening up the dictionary and
picking adjectives. The participants were asked to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The biological approach tried to supply the explanation. One explanation is temperament.
Hippocrates and Galen proposed there were four humors and temperaments responded to them
making up four personalities. Franz Joseph Gall theorized that temperaments existed physically in
our heads and he claimed he could identify people's temperaments by the bumps on their brains.
Ernst Kretchmer and William Sheldon believed temperaments were based on three body types:
pyknic (heavier, rounder); athletic (fit); and asthenic (thinner). Emil Kraepelin, who was born the
same year as Freud approached pathology as links in families. If we had given more recognition to
Kraepelin rather than Freud, we would be further in the field. Thomas and Chess identified three
different temperaments from parents reporting about their children: easy/well–adjusted,
difficult/undercontrolled, and slow–to–warm/inhibited. Strong relationships with how people were
identified as children and how they were measured as adults were found. Kegan through more
objective observations identified there were only two temperament styles: inhibited (more reactive)
and uninhibited (welcome to new people/things). The second explanation is genetics. Research done
on twin studies found that identical twins that were raised apart were more statistically similar to
each other. A meta–analysis was done that concluded that forty percent of variance in personality
can be attributed to genetics. The third explanation of

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