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KIB
E-newsletter JUNE 2023
TAX
FLASH
The Constitutional Court
has shifted the authority to
develop and organize the
Tax Court from the Minis-
try of Finance to the
Supreme Court. The Con-
stitutional Court gave a
maximum time until
December 31, 2026.
The Constitutional Court is
based on the 1945 Law and
the amendment of Law
48/2009, including the
provision of special courts
and their relationship with
the judiciary under the
Supreme Court.
There are only 4 recognized
judicial jurisdictions in
Indonesia, namely the
General Courts, Religious
Courts, State Administra-
tive Courts, and Military
Courts. As such, special
courts can only be estab-
lished within and attached
to one of these judicial
jurisdictions.
Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK)
menggeser kewenanganpem-
binaan dan organisasi Penga-
dilan Pajak dari Kementerian
Keuangan (Kemenkeu) ke
Mahkamah Agung (MA).
Mahkamah Konstitusi mem-
berikan waktu maksimal
hingga 31 Desember 2026.
Mahkamah Konstitusi
berdasarkan UU 1945 danpe-
rubahan UU 48 /2009,
diantaranya tentang ketentu-
anpengadilan khusus dan
hubungannya dengan
lingkungan peradilan di
bawah Mahkamah Agung.
Hanya terdapat 4 lingkungan
peradilan yang diakui di
Indonesia, yaitu Peradilan
Umum, Peradilan Agama,
Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara
dan Peradilan Militer. Dengan
demikian, pengadilan khusus
hanya dapat dibentuk dalam
dan melekat pada salah satu
lingkungan peradilan tersebut.
Pengadilan Pajak di Bawah Mahkamah Agung
Tax Court Under the Supreme Court
1
THIS ISSUE /
ISU INI:
Tax Court Under the
Supreme Court
Pengadilan Pajak di
Bawah Mahkamah
Agung
PAGE 1
Indonesian
Manufacturing
Industry
Industri Manufaktur
Indonesia
PAGE 3
Costs vs Benefits of
Electric Vehicle
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
PAGE 5
World Bank Advises
Removal of
Indonesia's VAT
Incentive
Bank Dunia
Menyarankan
Penghapusan
Insentif PPN di
Indonesia
PAGE 12
Indonesian Financial
Services Authority
(OJK): The need for
AI
Otoritas Jasa
Keuangan (OJK):
Dibutuhkannya AI
PAGE 14
The current tax court under the
State Administrative Court
should not be interpreted as a
change in the current and future
administration of legal counsel
given that tax court advocates are
included in the category of other
advocates with special powers,
namely taxpayer advocates.
The development of the organiza-
tion and administration of the
Tax Court is regulated in Article 5
paragraph (2) of theTax Court
Law so that the Minister of
Finance also has the authority to
regulate the area of the advocate
profession, it can be difficult for
advocates.
Peradilan pajak saat ini di
bawah Pengadilan Tata Usaha
Negara (PTUN) seharusnya
tidak dimaknai perubahan
administrasi kuasa hukum saat
ini dan yang akan datang
mengingat advokat pengadilan
pajak termasuk dalam katagori
advokat lainnya dengan kuasa
khusus, yaitu kuasa Wajib
Pajak.
Pembinaan organisasi serta
administrasi Pengadilan pajak
diatur dalam Pasal 5 ayat (2)
UU Pengadilan Pajak sehingga
Menteri Keuangan memiliki
juga kewenangan untuk men-
gatur wilayah profesi advokat,
ini dapat mempersulit advokat.
2
Tax Court Under
the Supreme Court
( 2 / 2 )
Pengadilan Pajak di
Bawah Mahkamah Agung
3
Industri Manufaktur Indonesia
Indonesian Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing industry contrib-
uted to 18 percent or IDR 3,491
trillion of Indonesia's Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) in
2022. Postpandemic, Indonesia
has seen strong investment in the
manufacturing industry, particu-
larly in basic metals, chemicals
and pharmaceuticals, and trans-
portation. In 2022, these invest-
ments reached IDR 8 trillion,
which is 70 percent of Indonesia's
total Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI).
Within the manufacturing
industry, the largest contribution
to GDP is made by the food and
beverages, chemical and pharma-
ceuticals, and transportation
industry.
Industri manufaktur memberi-
kan kontribusisebesar 18 persen
atau Rp. 3.491 triliun terhadap
Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB)
Indonesia pada 2022. Pasca
pandemi, Indonesia terlihat
kuat dari segi investasi di
industri manufaktur terutama
di bidang logam dasar, kimia
dan farmasi, dan transportasi.
Pada tahun 2022, investasi ini
mencapai Rp 8 triliun yang
merupakan 70 persen dari
seluruh Penanaman Modal
Asing (PMA) Indonesia.
Dalam industri manufaktur,
kontribusi terbesar terhadap
PDB diberikan oleh industri
makanan dan minuman, kimia
dan farmasi, dan transportasi.
The Government of Indonesia is
making consistent progress
towards its advanced manufactur-
ing ambitions with clean energy
transition and green economy key
themes. By implementing
regulatory change, including
banning the export of raw
minerals, the Government is
seeking to encourage down
streaming, to increase investment
in mineral processing capability as
well as battery manufacture.
The policy and regulatory in
Indonesia are increasingly condu-
cive to manufacturing, particular-
ly advanced manufacturing, and
the green economy. This will
present major opportunities for
trade and investment, including
skilling the workforce to meet
planned growth.
Pemerintah Indonesia mem-
buat kemajuan yang konsisten
terhadap ambisi manufaktur
maju dengan tema utama
transisi energi bersih dan
ekonomi hijau. Dengan mener-
apkan perubahan peraturan,
termasuk melarang ekspor
mineral mentah, Pemerintah
berupaya mendorong hilirisasi,
untuk meningkatkan investasi
dalam kemampuan pengolahan
mineral serta pembuatan
baterai.
Kebijakan dan peraturan di
Indonesia semakin kondusif
bagi manufaktur, khususnya
manufaktur maju, dan
ekonomi hijau. Hal ini akan
memberikan peluang besar bagi
perdagangan dan investasi,
termasuk meningkatkan keter-
ampilan tenaga kerja untuk
memenuhi pertumbuhan yang
direncanakan.
Indonesian
Manufacturing Industry
( 2 / 2 )
Industri
Manufaktur Indonesia
4
5
Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle
While the government is pressing
the pedal to the metal to make
Indonesia one of the world’s
electric vehicle (EV) hubs, early
adopters in the archipelago are
having a bumpy ride amid patchy
charging facilities and doubts over
the technology’s sustainability in a
coal-dependent country
Indonesia is one of the largest
economies in Southeast Asia and
one of the major carbon emitters.
The 2021 ClimateTransparency
Report recorded that fuel com-
bustion is the largest driver of the
country’s overall CO2 emissions,
which comes from electricity
(35%), industries (27%) and
transportation (27%).
Saat pemerintah terus berupaya
menjadikan Indonesia sebagai
salah satu pusat kendaraan
listrik (EV) di dunia, para
pengadopsi awal di nusantara
mengalami kesulitan di
tengahtengah fasilitas pengisian
daya yang masih belum merata
dan keraguan akan keberlanju-
tan teknologi ini di negara yang
masih bergantung pada batu
bara
Indonesia merupakan salah satu
negara dengan perekonomian
terbesar di Asia Tenggara dan
salah satu penghasil emisi
karbon terbesar. Laporan
Transparansi Iklim 2021
mencatat bahwa pembakaran
bahan bakar merupakan
pendorong terbesar dari
keseluruhan emisi CO2 di
Indonesia, yang berasal dari
listrik (35%), industri (27%),
dan transportasi (27%)
Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik
Costs vs Benefits
of Electric Vehicle
( 2 / 7 )
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
6
Therefore, The World Economic
Forum has said that focused
progress on the electrification of
mobility is a logical next step for
Indonesia’s energy transition.
Following in the footsteps of
countries such as China,
Vietnam, Thailand and India,
Indonesia is recommended to
push greater EV adoption.
The benefits of utilizing Electric
Vehicle are:
1. More cost-saving compared to
combustion engine vehicles.
Arwani Hidayat, Chairman of
the Indonesia Electric Car
Community stated that he could
spend around Rp 2 – 2.4 million
Rupiah monthly to refuel the
internal combustion engine car.
While on the other hand, now he
only needs to spend around Rp
250 – 300 thousand Rupiah to
charge his electrified engine car.
Oleh karena itu, World
Economic Forum mengatakan
bahwa kemajuan yang terfokus
pada elektrifikasi mobilitas
merupakan langkah logis
selanjutnya untuk transisi
energi Indonesia. Mengikuti
jejak negara-negara seperti
Cina, Vietnam, Thailand, dan
India, Indonesia direkomen-
dasikan untuk mendorong
adopsi kendaraan listrik yang
lebih besar.
Manfaat dari menggunakan
kendraan listrik
antara lain:
1. Lebih hemat biaya diband-
ingkan dengan kendaraan
bermesin bensin.
Arwani Hidayat, Ketua Umum
Komunitas Mobil Listrik
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa ia
bisa menghabiskan sekitar Rp 2
- 2,4 juta Rupiah per bulan
untuk mengisi bahan bakar
mobil bermesin pembakaran
internal. Sementara di sisi lain,
kini ia hanya perlu mengeluar-
kan biaya sekitar Rp 250 - 300
ribu untuk mengisi daya mobil
bermesin listriknya.
Costs vs Benefits
of Electric Vehicle
( 3 / 7 )
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
7
2. Value-AddedTax incentive is
deployed by the government to
accelerate transition.
According to Finance Minister
Regulation (PMK) No. 38/2023
on the Value-AddedTax (PPN)
on electric four-wheelers and
electric buses, the incentive will
be given in the form of PPN
deductions starting April 1,
among others. There are yet to be
further details on the exact
number of incentives that will be
given for each EV purchase.
The costs of using Electric Vehicle
are:
1. Calculation before every
journey is critical.
With limited number of charging
stations available up until now in
Indonesia, range is one of the
issues that can be potentially
problematic for EV owners.
2. Insentif Pajak Pertambahan
Nilai (PPN) dikerahkan oleh
pemerintah untuk memperce-
pat transisi.
Menurut Peraturan Menteri
Keuangan (PMK) No. 38/2023
tentang Pajak Pertambahan
Nilai (PPN) kendaraan bermo-
tor roda empat listrik dan bus
listrik, insentif tersebut akan
diberikan dalam bentuk pengu-
rangan PPN mulai 1 April.
Belum ada rincian lebih lanjut
tentang jumlah pasti insentif
yang akan diberikan untuk
setiap pembelian mobil listrik.
Biaya penggunaan Kendaraan
Listrik adalah:
1. Perhitungan sebelum
melakukan perjalanan sangatlah
penting.
Dengan terbatasnya jumlah
stasiun pengisian daya yang
tersedia hingga saat ini di
Indonesia, jarak tempuh
merupakan salah satu masalah
yang berpotensi menjadi
masalah bagi pemilik kendaraan
listrik.
Costs vs Benefits
of Electric Vehicle
( 4 / 7 )
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
8
2. Higher average selling price
than internal combustion engine
cars
The average selling price of EVs is
still higher than internal combus-
tion engine vehicles. The price of
an electric motorbike is approxi-
mately Rp 2.9 million more
expensive, or 11 percent higher,
than an internal combustion
engine motorbike. Meanwhile,
electric cars have an average price
of Rp 617.5 million. This is Rp
198 million, or 47 percent, more
expensive than the price of an
internal combustion engine car,
which averages Rp 419.9 million.
2. Harga jual rata-rata lebih
tinggi daripada mobil mesin
pembakaran internal
Harga jual rata-rata mobil
listrik masih lebih tinggi
dibandingkan mobil bermesin
pembakaran internal. Harga
sepeda motor listrik sekitar Rp
2,9 juta lebih mahal, atau 11
persen lebih tinggi, daripada
sepeda motor bermesin pemba-
karan internal. Sementara itu,
mobil listrik memiliki harga
rata-rata Rp 617,5 juta. Harga
ini lebih mahal Rp 198 juta,
atau 47 persen, dari harga
mobil bermesin pembakaran
internal yang rata-rata Rp
419,9 juta.
Costs vs Benefits
of Electric Vehicle
( 5 / 7 )
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
9
3. Renewable infrastructure
progress in growing very slowly in
Indonesia.
The large disparity of charging
stations’ availability means driving
EV is only convenient in Java.
Private and public players need to
invest Rp 54.6 trillion to install
31,000 commercial charging
stations over the course of 10
years, according to PLN's station
development road map.
Over a third of the stations will be
in Jakarta, with the rest in cities as
far east as Makassar, South
Sulawesi. Apart from being
located at gas stations, such
charging stations will be built at
shopping malls, markets, and
apartment complexes, among
other sites with sizable parking
lots.
3. Kemajuan infrastruktur
energi terbarukan berkembang
sangat lambat di Indonesia.
Kesenjangan yang besar antara
ketersediaan stasiun pengisian
daya berarti bahwa mengenda-
rai kendaraan listrik hanya
nyaman di Pulau Jawa. Pemain
swasta dan pemerintah perlu
menginvestasikan Rp 54,6
triliun untuk membangun
31.000 stasiun pengisian daya
komersial selama 10 tahun,
menurut peta jalan pengem-
bangan stasiun PLN.
Lebih dari sepertiga dari stasiun
pengisian daya tersebut akan
berada di Jakarta, dan sisanya
akan berada di kota-kota di
bagian timur Indonesia seperti
Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan.
Selain di SPBU, stasiun pengi-
sian daya ini juga akan diban-
gun di pusat perbelanjaan,
pasar, dan kompleks aparte-
men, serta lokasi-lokasi lain
yang memiliki lahan parkir
yang cukup luas.
Costs vs Benefits
of Electric Vehicle
( 6 / 7 )
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
10
4. EV are not truly green
EV batteries are built from critical
minerals such as manganese,
cobalt, and nickel, which
extractions have caused environ-
mental and labor hazards in
Indonesia.
The EV batteries disposal once
they degrade and become unus-
able is another issue. These
batteries contain hazardous
chemicals such as sulfuric acid, as
well as heavy metals such as lead
and cadmium. Therefore, they
can pollute the soil and water if
disposed of improperly
4. Mobil listrik tidak sepenuhn-
ya ramah
lingkungan Baterai mobil listrik
dibuat dari mineral penting
seperti mangan, kobalt, dan
nikel, yang ekstraksinya menye-
babkan bahaya lingkungan dan
tenaga kerja di Indonesia.
Pembuangan baterai EV setelah
rusak dan tidak dapat digu-
nakan adalah masalah lain.
Baterai-baterai ini mengandung
bahan kimia berbahaya seperti
asam sulfat, serta logam berat
seperti timbal dan kadmium.
Oleh karena itu, baterai ini
dapat mencemari tanah dan air
jika dibuang dengan cara yang
tidak benar.
Costs vs Benefits
of Electric Vehicle
( 7 / 7 )
Biaya vs Manfaat
Kendaraan Listrik
11
Renewable energy share in
Indonesia’s primary energy mix
has reached only 14.11% in
2022. Coal share, on the other
hand, increased to 67.21% in the
same year.
Meaning, unless a user is lucky
enough to get all their electricity
from residential solar panels, an
electric vehicle in Indonesia is
actually powered by coal.
Pangsa energi terbarukan dalam
bauran energi primer Indonesia
baru mencapai 14,11% pada
tahun 2022. Di sisi lain, pangsa
batu bara meningkat menjadi
67,21% pada tahun yang
sama.
Artinya, kecuali jika pengguna
cukup beruntung untuk
mendapatkan seluruh listriknya
dari panel surya di rumah,
kendaraan listrik di Indonesia
sebenarnya ditenagai oleh
batu bara.
12
World Bank Advises Removal
of Indonesia's VAT Incentive
The Ministry of Finance ensures
that the implementation of
policies related to ValueAdded
Tax (VAT) has taken into account
recommendations from the
World Bank. Including the latest
recommendation to remove VAT
exemptions for certain goods and
services.
The World Bank has recom-
mended the Indonesian govern-
ment to remove the ValueAdded
Tax (VAT) exemption to generate
additional income for the govern-
ment.
The World Bank reckons that a
quick way to increase VAT
revenue for the government is to
eliminate exemptions and
optional rates on taxes for various
goods and services.
Kementerian Keuangan
memastikan penerapan kebija-
kan terkait Pajak Pertambahan
Nilai (PPN) telah memperhati-
kan rekomendasi dari Bank
Dunia. Termasuk rekomendasi
terakhir penghapusan pembe-
basan PPN untuk barang dan
jasa tertentu.
Bank Dunia atau World Bank
merekomendasikan terhadap
pemerintah Indonesia untuk
menghapus pembebasan Pajak
Pertambahan Nilai (PPN)
untuk dapat menghasilkan
tambahan penerimaan pemer-
intah.
Mereka berpendapat, cara cepat
untuk meningkatkan peneri-
maan PPN bagi pemerintah
adalah dengan menghilangkan
pengecualian dan tarif pilihan
atas pajak untuk berbagai
barang dan jasa.
Bank Dunia Menyarankan Penghapusan
Insentif PPN di Indonesia
World Bank Advises Removal
of Indonesia's VAT Incentive
( 2 / 2 )
Bank Dunia Menyarankan Penghapusan
Insentif PPN di Indonesia
13
The World Bank has noted that
one-third of potential VAT
revenue, or 0.7% of gross domes-
tic product (GDP) in Indonesia,
is lost through the current VAT
exemption structure. This, they
consider, is adequate to fund the
entire expanded social assistance
budget in 2019.
Nevertheless, the government
agrees that some goods and
services related to the education
to health sectors, as well as
necessities, are exempted from the
imposition of VAT, because, in
practice, other countries also
conduct the same policy
Bank Dunia mencatat, seperti-
ga dari potensi penerimaan
PPN, atau sebesar 0,7% dari
produk domestik bruto (PDB)
di Indonesia hilang melalui
struktur pembebasan PPN saat
ini. Padahal, hal ini mereka
anggap cukup untuk mendanai
seluruh anggaran bantuan sosial
yang diperluas pada 2019.
Namun, pemerintah sepakat
ada beberapa barang dan jasa
yang terkait dengan sektor
pendidikan hingga kesehatan,
maupun sembako, dikecualikan
dari pengenaan PPN, sebab,
dalam praktiknya negara-negara
lain juga melakukan hal serupa.
14
Indonesian Financial Services Authority
(OJK): The need for AI
Head of Indonesia Financial
Services Authority Market
Conduct Department, Bernard
Widjaja, said that the use of
technology such as AI and
machine learning is needed in
supervising the behaviour of
financial services business actors
considering that data and infor-
mation on behaviour are less
efficient and optimal if analysed
manually.
In line with the Rural Banks /
Private Rural Banks Digital
Transformation Acceleration
programme pursued by Financial
Services Authority, optimising the
use of credit information and
technology is indispensable for
Rural Banks or Private Rural
Banks.
Rural Banks or Private Rural
Banks are required to be more
efficient in carrying out business
processes, where digitalisation is
one of the Financial Services
Authority’s focuses in developing
the Rural Banks or Private Rural
Banks industry which continues
to face
Kepala Departemen Market
Conduct OJK, Bernard Widja-
ja, menyampaikan penggunaan
teknologi seperti AI dan
machine learning dibutuhkan
dalam melakukan pengawasan
perilaku pelaku usaha jasa
keuangan mengingat data dan
informasi mengenai perilaku
kurang efisien dan optimal
apabila dianalisis secara manual.
Sejalan dengan program Aksel-
erasi Transformasi Digital
BPR/BPRS yang diupayakan
OJK, optimalisasi pemanfaatan
informasi perkreditan dan
teknologi sudah sangat diperlu-
kan bagi BPR/BPRS (Bank
Perkreditan Rakyat / Bank
Perkreditan Rakyat Swasta)
BPR/BPRS dituntut agar
semakin efisien dalam men-
jalankan proses bisnis, di mana
digitalisasi menjadi salah satu
fokus OJK dalam pengemban-
gan industri BPR/BPRS yang
terus dihadapkan pada pening-
katan persaingan usaha.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK): Dibutuhkannya AI
Indonesian Financial Services Authority
(OJK): The need for AI
( 2 / 2 )
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan
(OJK): Dibutuhkannya AIyt
15
Optimising the use of credit
information and technology has
proven to have an impact on
improving efficiency, accuracy,
objectivity, consistency, and loan
disbursement services.
The implementation of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and the use of
Credit Scoring for credit applica-
tion analysis from CBI (Credit
Bureau Indonesia) which is a
Credit Information Management
Institution (LPIP) is expected to
accelerate the digitalisation of
Rural Banks or Private Rural
Banks business activities as
specifically stated in one of the
goals of the Indonesian Banking
Development Roadmap, "Accel-
erating DigitalTransformation".
Optimalisasi pemanfaatan
informasi perkreditan dan
teknologi telah terbukti
berdampak pada peningkatan
efisiensi, akurasi, objektivitas,
konsistensi dan layanan penyal-
uran kredit
Penerapan Artificial Intelligence
(AI) dan pemanfaatan Credit
Scoring untuk analisis penga-
juan kredit dari CBI (Credit
Bureau Indonesia) yang mer-
upakan Lembaga Pengelola
Informasi Perkreditan (LPIP)
diharapkan dapat mengakseler-
asi digitalisasi kegiatan usaha
BPR/BPRS sebagaimana
tertuang secara khusus dalam
Roadmap Pengembangan
Perbankan Indonesia, “Akseler-
asi Transformasi Digital”.
POJOK PAJAK
TAX CORNER
16
PER-5/PJ/2023: Restitution of Individ-
ual Taxpayers Without Audit
FA C T S :
In accordance with PER-5/PJ/2023,
Individual Taxpayers can apply for
accelerated restitution up to IDR 100
million without audit
Q u e s t i o n s :
How is the process of refunding overpaid
tax for individual taxpayers?
What if after the assessment there is an
indication of Underpayment of Tax?
How is the sanction applied if there is a
certain amount of Underpaid Tax?
A n s w e r s :
Individual Taxpayer submits Annual
Income Tax Return with the maximum
amount of overpayment of IDR 100
million supported by a request for refund
of tax overpayment in accordance with
Article 17B or 17D of The General Tax
Provisions and Procedures Law. After
that, an assessment will be conducted by
the DGT and if there is an overpayment
of tax, it will be followed up with the
issuance of a Decree on Preliminary
Refund of Excess Tax and a request for
the taxpayer's domestic bank account to
obtain the refund of the overpaid tax
PER-5/PJ/2023: Restitusi WPOP Tanpa
Diperiksa
FA K TA :
Berdasarkan PER-5/PJ/2023, Wajib
Pajak Orang Pribadi dapat mengajukan
restitusi dipercepat sampai Rp 100 juta
Rupiah tanpa pemeriksaan.
P e r t a n y a a n :
Bagaimana proses restitusi Pajak Lebih
Bayar bagi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi?
Bagaimana jika setelah dilakukan peneli-
tian terdapat sejumlah Pajak Kurang
Bayar?
Bagaimana penerapan sanksi apabila
ditemukan sejumlah Pajak Kurang Bayar?
J a w a b a n :
Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi menyam-
paikan Surat Pemberitahuan Tahunan
Pajak Penghasilan dengan jumlah lebih
bayar paling banyak 100 juta Rupiah
yang disertai permohonan pengembalian
kelebihan pembayaran pajak sesuai Pasal
17B atau 17D UU KUP. Setelah itu akan
dilakukan penelitian oleh DJP dan
apabila terdapat kelebihan pembayaran
pajak, maka akan ditindaklanjuti dengan
penerbitan Surat Keputusan Pengem-
balian Pendahuluan Kelebihan Pajak dan
permintaan rekening dalam negeri Wajib
Pajak guna memperoleh pengembalian
kelebihan pajak.
TAX CORNER
( 2 / 2 )
POJOK PAJAK
A n s w e r :
The Administrative sanction is not
imposed at 100% of the underpaid tax
findings because there is a reduction in
sanctions provided by the DGT.
The Administrative sanction given in the
form of interest based on the benchmark
interest rate plus an uplift factor of 15%
for a maximum of 24 months.
J a w a b a n :
Dikenakan sanksi administratif tidak
sebesar 100% dari temuan Pajak Kurang
Bayar karena ada pengurangan sanksi
yang diberikan pihak DJP.
Sanksi administratif berupa bunga yang
didasarkan pada suku bunga acuan
ditambah uplift factor 15% untuk paling
lama 24 bulan.
17
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TF 0571723.pdf

  • 2. The Constitutional Court has shifted the authority to develop and organize the Tax Court from the Minis- try of Finance to the Supreme Court. The Con- stitutional Court gave a maximum time until December 31, 2026. The Constitutional Court is based on the 1945 Law and the amendment of Law 48/2009, including the provision of special courts and their relationship with the judiciary under the Supreme Court. There are only 4 recognized judicial jurisdictions in Indonesia, namely the General Courts, Religious Courts, State Administra- tive Courts, and Military Courts. As such, special courts can only be estab- lished within and attached to one of these judicial jurisdictions. Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) menggeser kewenanganpem- binaan dan organisasi Penga- dilan Pajak dari Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu) ke Mahkamah Agung (MA). Mahkamah Konstitusi mem- berikan waktu maksimal hingga 31 Desember 2026. Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan UU 1945 danpe- rubahan UU 48 /2009, diantaranya tentang ketentu- anpengadilan khusus dan hubungannya dengan lingkungan peradilan di bawah Mahkamah Agung. Hanya terdapat 4 lingkungan peradilan yang diakui di Indonesia, yaitu Peradilan Umum, Peradilan Agama, Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara dan Peradilan Militer. Dengan demikian, pengadilan khusus hanya dapat dibentuk dalam dan melekat pada salah satu lingkungan peradilan tersebut. Pengadilan Pajak di Bawah Mahkamah Agung Tax Court Under the Supreme Court 1 THIS ISSUE / ISU INI: Tax Court Under the Supreme Court Pengadilan Pajak di Bawah Mahkamah Agung PAGE 1 Indonesian Manufacturing Industry Industri Manufaktur Indonesia PAGE 3 Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik PAGE 5 World Bank Advises Removal of Indonesia's VAT Incentive Bank Dunia Menyarankan Penghapusan Insentif PPN di Indonesia PAGE 12 Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK): The need for AI Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK): Dibutuhkannya AI PAGE 14
  • 3. The current tax court under the State Administrative Court should not be interpreted as a change in the current and future administration of legal counsel given that tax court advocates are included in the category of other advocates with special powers, namely taxpayer advocates. The development of the organiza- tion and administration of the Tax Court is regulated in Article 5 paragraph (2) of theTax Court Law so that the Minister of Finance also has the authority to regulate the area of the advocate profession, it can be difficult for advocates. Peradilan pajak saat ini di bawah Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) seharusnya tidak dimaknai perubahan administrasi kuasa hukum saat ini dan yang akan datang mengingat advokat pengadilan pajak termasuk dalam katagori advokat lainnya dengan kuasa khusus, yaitu kuasa Wajib Pajak. Pembinaan organisasi serta administrasi Pengadilan pajak diatur dalam Pasal 5 ayat (2) UU Pengadilan Pajak sehingga Menteri Keuangan memiliki juga kewenangan untuk men- gatur wilayah profesi advokat, ini dapat mempersulit advokat. 2 Tax Court Under the Supreme Court ( 2 / 2 ) Pengadilan Pajak di Bawah Mahkamah Agung
  • 4. 3 Industri Manufaktur Indonesia Indonesian Manufacturing Industry Manufacturing industry contrib- uted to 18 percent or IDR 3,491 trillion of Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2022. Postpandemic, Indonesia has seen strong investment in the manufacturing industry, particu- larly in basic metals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and trans- portation. In 2022, these invest- ments reached IDR 8 trillion, which is 70 percent of Indonesia's total Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Within the manufacturing industry, the largest contribution to GDP is made by the food and beverages, chemical and pharma- ceuticals, and transportation industry. Industri manufaktur memberi- kan kontribusisebesar 18 persen atau Rp. 3.491 triliun terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia pada 2022. Pasca pandemi, Indonesia terlihat kuat dari segi investasi di industri manufaktur terutama di bidang logam dasar, kimia dan farmasi, dan transportasi. Pada tahun 2022, investasi ini mencapai Rp 8 triliun yang merupakan 70 persen dari seluruh Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) Indonesia. Dalam industri manufaktur, kontribusi terbesar terhadap PDB diberikan oleh industri makanan dan minuman, kimia dan farmasi, dan transportasi.
  • 5. The Government of Indonesia is making consistent progress towards its advanced manufactur- ing ambitions with clean energy transition and green economy key themes. By implementing regulatory change, including banning the export of raw minerals, the Government is seeking to encourage down streaming, to increase investment in mineral processing capability as well as battery manufacture. The policy and regulatory in Indonesia are increasingly condu- cive to manufacturing, particular- ly advanced manufacturing, and the green economy. This will present major opportunities for trade and investment, including skilling the workforce to meet planned growth. Pemerintah Indonesia mem- buat kemajuan yang konsisten terhadap ambisi manufaktur maju dengan tema utama transisi energi bersih dan ekonomi hijau. Dengan mener- apkan perubahan peraturan, termasuk melarang ekspor mineral mentah, Pemerintah berupaya mendorong hilirisasi, untuk meningkatkan investasi dalam kemampuan pengolahan mineral serta pembuatan baterai. Kebijakan dan peraturan di Indonesia semakin kondusif bagi manufaktur, khususnya manufaktur maju, dan ekonomi hijau. Hal ini akan memberikan peluang besar bagi perdagangan dan investasi, termasuk meningkatkan keter- ampilan tenaga kerja untuk memenuhi pertumbuhan yang direncanakan. Indonesian Manufacturing Industry ( 2 / 2 ) Industri Manufaktur Indonesia 4
  • 6. 5 Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle While the government is pressing the pedal to the metal to make Indonesia one of the world’s electric vehicle (EV) hubs, early adopters in the archipelago are having a bumpy ride amid patchy charging facilities and doubts over the technology’s sustainability in a coal-dependent country Indonesia is one of the largest economies in Southeast Asia and one of the major carbon emitters. The 2021 ClimateTransparency Report recorded that fuel com- bustion is the largest driver of the country’s overall CO2 emissions, which comes from electricity (35%), industries (27%) and transportation (27%). Saat pemerintah terus berupaya menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu pusat kendaraan listrik (EV) di dunia, para pengadopsi awal di nusantara mengalami kesulitan di tengahtengah fasilitas pengisian daya yang masih belum merata dan keraguan akan keberlanju- tan teknologi ini di negara yang masih bergantung pada batu bara Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan perekonomian terbesar di Asia Tenggara dan salah satu penghasil emisi karbon terbesar. Laporan Transparansi Iklim 2021 mencatat bahwa pembakaran bahan bakar merupakan pendorong terbesar dari keseluruhan emisi CO2 di Indonesia, yang berasal dari listrik (35%), industri (27%), dan transportasi (27%) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik
  • 7. Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle ( 2 / 7 ) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik 6 Therefore, The World Economic Forum has said that focused progress on the electrification of mobility is a logical next step for Indonesia’s energy transition. Following in the footsteps of countries such as China, Vietnam, Thailand and India, Indonesia is recommended to push greater EV adoption. The benefits of utilizing Electric Vehicle are: 1. More cost-saving compared to combustion engine vehicles. Arwani Hidayat, Chairman of the Indonesia Electric Car Community stated that he could spend around Rp 2 – 2.4 million Rupiah monthly to refuel the internal combustion engine car. While on the other hand, now he only needs to spend around Rp 250 – 300 thousand Rupiah to charge his electrified engine car. Oleh karena itu, World Economic Forum mengatakan bahwa kemajuan yang terfokus pada elektrifikasi mobilitas merupakan langkah logis selanjutnya untuk transisi energi Indonesia. Mengikuti jejak negara-negara seperti Cina, Vietnam, Thailand, dan India, Indonesia direkomen- dasikan untuk mendorong adopsi kendaraan listrik yang lebih besar. Manfaat dari menggunakan kendraan listrik antara lain: 1. Lebih hemat biaya diband- ingkan dengan kendaraan bermesin bensin. Arwani Hidayat, Ketua Umum Komunitas Mobil Listrik Indonesia menyatakan bahwa ia bisa menghabiskan sekitar Rp 2 - 2,4 juta Rupiah per bulan untuk mengisi bahan bakar mobil bermesin pembakaran internal. Sementara di sisi lain, kini ia hanya perlu mengeluar- kan biaya sekitar Rp 250 - 300 ribu untuk mengisi daya mobil bermesin listriknya.
  • 8. Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle ( 3 / 7 ) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik 7 2. Value-AddedTax incentive is deployed by the government to accelerate transition. According to Finance Minister Regulation (PMK) No. 38/2023 on the Value-AddedTax (PPN) on electric four-wheelers and electric buses, the incentive will be given in the form of PPN deductions starting April 1, among others. There are yet to be further details on the exact number of incentives that will be given for each EV purchase. The costs of using Electric Vehicle are: 1. Calculation before every journey is critical. With limited number of charging stations available up until now in Indonesia, range is one of the issues that can be potentially problematic for EV owners. 2. Insentif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) dikerahkan oleh pemerintah untuk memperce- pat transisi. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) No. 38/2023 tentang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) kendaraan bermo- tor roda empat listrik dan bus listrik, insentif tersebut akan diberikan dalam bentuk pengu- rangan PPN mulai 1 April. Belum ada rincian lebih lanjut tentang jumlah pasti insentif yang akan diberikan untuk setiap pembelian mobil listrik. Biaya penggunaan Kendaraan Listrik adalah: 1. Perhitungan sebelum melakukan perjalanan sangatlah penting. Dengan terbatasnya jumlah stasiun pengisian daya yang tersedia hingga saat ini di Indonesia, jarak tempuh merupakan salah satu masalah yang berpotensi menjadi masalah bagi pemilik kendaraan listrik.
  • 9. Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle ( 4 / 7 ) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik 8 2. Higher average selling price than internal combustion engine cars The average selling price of EVs is still higher than internal combus- tion engine vehicles. The price of an electric motorbike is approxi- mately Rp 2.9 million more expensive, or 11 percent higher, than an internal combustion engine motorbike. Meanwhile, electric cars have an average price of Rp 617.5 million. This is Rp 198 million, or 47 percent, more expensive than the price of an internal combustion engine car, which averages Rp 419.9 million. 2. Harga jual rata-rata lebih tinggi daripada mobil mesin pembakaran internal Harga jual rata-rata mobil listrik masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan mobil bermesin pembakaran internal. Harga sepeda motor listrik sekitar Rp 2,9 juta lebih mahal, atau 11 persen lebih tinggi, daripada sepeda motor bermesin pemba- karan internal. Sementara itu, mobil listrik memiliki harga rata-rata Rp 617,5 juta. Harga ini lebih mahal Rp 198 juta, atau 47 persen, dari harga mobil bermesin pembakaran internal yang rata-rata Rp 419,9 juta.
  • 10. Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle ( 5 / 7 ) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik 9 3. Renewable infrastructure progress in growing very slowly in Indonesia. The large disparity of charging stations’ availability means driving EV is only convenient in Java. Private and public players need to invest Rp 54.6 trillion to install 31,000 commercial charging stations over the course of 10 years, according to PLN's station development road map. Over a third of the stations will be in Jakarta, with the rest in cities as far east as Makassar, South Sulawesi. Apart from being located at gas stations, such charging stations will be built at shopping malls, markets, and apartment complexes, among other sites with sizable parking lots. 3. Kemajuan infrastruktur energi terbarukan berkembang sangat lambat di Indonesia. Kesenjangan yang besar antara ketersediaan stasiun pengisian daya berarti bahwa mengenda- rai kendaraan listrik hanya nyaman di Pulau Jawa. Pemain swasta dan pemerintah perlu menginvestasikan Rp 54,6 triliun untuk membangun 31.000 stasiun pengisian daya komersial selama 10 tahun, menurut peta jalan pengem- bangan stasiun PLN. Lebih dari sepertiga dari stasiun pengisian daya tersebut akan berada di Jakarta, dan sisanya akan berada di kota-kota di bagian timur Indonesia seperti Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Selain di SPBU, stasiun pengi- sian daya ini juga akan diban- gun di pusat perbelanjaan, pasar, dan kompleks aparte- men, serta lokasi-lokasi lain yang memiliki lahan parkir yang cukup luas.
  • 11. Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle ( 6 / 7 ) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik 10 4. EV are not truly green EV batteries are built from critical minerals such as manganese, cobalt, and nickel, which extractions have caused environ- mental and labor hazards in Indonesia. The EV batteries disposal once they degrade and become unus- able is another issue. These batteries contain hazardous chemicals such as sulfuric acid, as well as heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. Therefore, they can pollute the soil and water if disposed of improperly 4. Mobil listrik tidak sepenuhn- ya ramah lingkungan Baterai mobil listrik dibuat dari mineral penting seperti mangan, kobalt, dan nikel, yang ekstraksinya menye- babkan bahaya lingkungan dan tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Pembuangan baterai EV setelah rusak dan tidak dapat digu- nakan adalah masalah lain. Baterai-baterai ini mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya seperti asam sulfat, serta logam berat seperti timbal dan kadmium. Oleh karena itu, baterai ini dapat mencemari tanah dan air jika dibuang dengan cara yang tidak benar.
  • 12. Costs vs Benefits of Electric Vehicle ( 7 / 7 ) Biaya vs Manfaat Kendaraan Listrik 11 Renewable energy share in Indonesia’s primary energy mix has reached only 14.11% in 2022. Coal share, on the other hand, increased to 67.21% in the same year. Meaning, unless a user is lucky enough to get all their electricity from residential solar panels, an electric vehicle in Indonesia is actually powered by coal. Pangsa energi terbarukan dalam bauran energi primer Indonesia baru mencapai 14,11% pada tahun 2022. Di sisi lain, pangsa batu bara meningkat menjadi 67,21% pada tahun yang sama. Artinya, kecuali jika pengguna cukup beruntung untuk mendapatkan seluruh listriknya dari panel surya di rumah, kendaraan listrik di Indonesia sebenarnya ditenagai oleh batu bara.
  • 13. 12 World Bank Advises Removal of Indonesia's VAT Incentive The Ministry of Finance ensures that the implementation of policies related to ValueAdded Tax (VAT) has taken into account recommendations from the World Bank. Including the latest recommendation to remove VAT exemptions for certain goods and services. The World Bank has recom- mended the Indonesian govern- ment to remove the ValueAdded Tax (VAT) exemption to generate additional income for the govern- ment. The World Bank reckons that a quick way to increase VAT revenue for the government is to eliminate exemptions and optional rates on taxes for various goods and services. Kementerian Keuangan memastikan penerapan kebija- kan terkait Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) telah memperhati- kan rekomendasi dari Bank Dunia. Termasuk rekomendasi terakhir penghapusan pembe- basan PPN untuk barang dan jasa tertentu. Bank Dunia atau World Bank merekomendasikan terhadap pemerintah Indonesia untuk menghapus pembebasan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) untuk dapat menghasilkan tambahan penerimaan pemer- intah. Mereka berpendapat, cara cepat untuk meningkatkan peneri- maan PPN bagi pemerintah adalah dengan menghilangkan pengecualian dan tarif pilihan atas pajak untuk berbagai barang dan jasa. Bank Dunia Menyarankan Penghapusan Insentif PPN di Indonesia
  • 14. World Bank Advises Removal of Indonesia's VAT Incentive ( 2 / 2 ) Bank Dunia Menyarankan Penghapusan Insentif PPN di Indonesia 13 The World Bank has noted that one-third of potential VAT revenue, or 0.7% of gross domes- tic product (GDP) in Indonesia, is lost through the current VAT exemption structure. This, they consider, is adequate to fund the entire expanded social assistance budget in 2019. Nevertheless, the government agrees that some goods and services related to the education to health sectors, as well as necessities, are exempted from the imposition of VAT, because, in practice, other countries also conduct the same policy Bank Dunia mencatat, seperti- ga dari potensi penerimaan PPN, atau sebesar 0,7% dari produk domestik bruto (PDB) di Indonesia hilang melalui struktur pembebasan PPN saat ini. Padahal, hal ini mereka anggap cukup untuk mendanai seluruh anggaran bantuan sosial yang diperluas pada 2019. Namun, pemerintah sepakat ada beberapa barang dan jasa yang terkait dengan sektor pendidikan hingga kesehatan, maupun sembako, dikecualikan dari pengenaan PPN, sebab, dalam praktiknya negara-negara lain juga melakukan hal serupa.
  • 15. 14 Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK): The need for AI Head of Indonesia Financial Services Authority Market Conduct Department, Bernard Widjaja, said that the use of technology such as AI and machine learning is needed in supervising the behaviour of financial services business actors considering that data and infor- mation on behaviour are less efficient and optimal if analysed manually. In line with the Rural Banks / Private Rural Banks Digital Transformation Acceleration programme pursued by Financial Services Authority, optimising the use of credit information and technology is indispensable for Rural Banks or Private Rural Banks. Rural Banks or Private Rural Banks are required to be more efficient in carrying out business processes, where digitalisation is one of the Financial Services Authority’s focuses in developing the Rural Banks or Private Rural Banks industry which continues to face Kepala Departemen Market Conduct OJK, Bernard Widja- ja, menyampaikan penggunaan teknologi seperti AI dan machine learning dibutuhkan dalam melakukan pengawasan perilaku pelaku usaha jasa keuangan mengingat data dan informasi mengenai perilaku kurang efisien dan optimal apabila dianalisis secara manual. Sejalan dengan program Aksel- erasi Transformasi Digital BPR/BPRS yang diupayakan OJK, optimalisasi pemanfaatan informasi perkreditan dan teknologi sudah sangat diperlu- kan bagi BPR/BPRS (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat / Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Swasta) BPR/BPRS dituntut agar semakin efisien dalam men- jalankan proses bisnis, di mana digitalisasi menjadi salah satu fokus OJK dalam pengemban- gan industri BPR/BPRS yang terus dihadapkan pada pening- katan persaingan usaha. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK): Dibutuhkannya AI
  • 16. Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK): The need for AI ( 2 / 2 ) Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK): Dibutuhkannya AIyt 15 Optimising the use of credit information and technology has proven to have an impact on improving efficiency, accuracy, objectivity, consistency, and loan disbursement services. The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the use of Credit Scoring for credit applica- tion analysis from CBI (Credit Bureau Indonesia) which is a Credit Information Management Institution (LPIP) is expected to accelerate the digitalisation of Rural Banks or Private Rural Banks business activities as specifically stated in one of the goals of the Indonesian Banking Development Roadmap, "Accel- erating DigitalTransformation". Optimalisasi pemanfaatan informasi perkreditan dan teknologi telah terbukti berdampak pada peningkatan efisiensi, akurasi, objektivitas, konsistensi dan layanan penyal- uran kredit Penerapan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan pemanfaatan Credit Scoring untuk analisis penga- juan kredit dari CBI (Credit Bureau Indonesia) yang mer- upakan Lembaga Pengelola Informasi Perkreditan (LPIP) diharapkan dapat mengakseler- asi digitalisasi kegiatan usaha BPR/BPRS sebagaimana tertuang secara khusus dalam Roadmap Pengembangan Perbankan Indonesia, “Akseler- asi Transformasi Digital”.
  • 17. POJOK PAJAK TAX CORNER 16 PER-5/PJ/2023: Restitution of Individ- ual Taxpayers Without Audit FA C T S : In accordance with PER-5/PJ/2023, Individual Taxpayers can apply for accelerated restitution up to IDR 100 million without audit Q u e s t i o n s : How is the process of refunding overpaid tax for individual taxpayers? What if after the assessment there is an indication of Underpayment of Tax? How is the sanction applied if there is a certain amount of Underpaid Tax? A n s w e r s : Individual Taxpayer submits Annual Income Tax Return with the maximum amount of overpayment of IDR 100 million supported by a request for refund of tax overpayment in accordance with Article 17B or 17D of The General Tax Provisions and Procedures Law. After that, an assessment will be conducted by the DGT and if there is an overpayment of tax, it will be followed up with the issuance of a Decree on Preliminary Refund of Excess Tax and a request for the taxpayer's domestic bank account to obtain the refund of the overpaid tax PER-5/PJ/2023: Restitusi WPOP Tanpa Diperiksa FA K TA : Berdasarkan PER-5/PJ/2023, Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi dapat mengajukan restitusi dipercepat sampai Rp 100 juta Rupiah tanpa pemeriksaan. P e r t a n y a a n : Bagaimana proses restitusi Pajak Lebih Bayar bagi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi? Bagaimana jika setelah dilakukan peneli- tian terdapat sejumlah Pajak Kurang Bayar? Bagaimana penerapan sanksi apabila ditemukan sejumlah Pajak Kurang Bayar? J a w a b a n : Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi menyam- paikan Surat Pemberitahuan Tahunan Pajak Penghasilan dengan jumlah lebih bayar paling banyak 100 juta Rupiah yang disertai permohonan pengembalian kelebihan pembayaran pajak sesuai Pasal 17B atau 17D UU KUP. Setelah itu akan dilakukan penelitian oleh DJP dan apabila terdapat kelebihan pembayaran pajak, maka akan ditindaklanjuti dengan penerbitan Surat Keputusan Pengem- balian Pendahuluan Kelebihan Pajak dan permintaan rekening dalam negeri Wajib Pajak guna memperoleh pengembalian kelebihan pajak.
  • 18. TAX CORNER ( 2 / 2 ) POJOK PAJAK A n s w e r : The Administrative sanction is not imposed at 100% of the underpaid tax findings because there is a reduction in sanctions provided by the DGT. The Administrative sanction given in the form of interest based on the benchmark interest rate plus an uplift factor of 15% for a maximum of 24 months. J a w a b a n : Dikenakan sanksi administratif tidak sebesar 100% dari temuan Pajak Kurang Bayar karena ada pengurangan sanksi yang diberikan pihak DJP. Sanksi administratif berupa bunga yang didasarkan pada suku bunga acuan ditambah uplift factor 15% untuk paling lama 24 bulan. 17
  • 19. Our services designed to enable our clients to flourish and grow. Our team, serving our clients to help them deliver economic progress for their communities, their families and themselves. KIB Consulting is a boutique company serving Business, Finance, Accounting and Tax Advisory since 2008. KIB Consulting has been immensely successful in creating a local – global business network of small-medium-and-big businesses. CONTACT US P: (021) 22677883 NORTH JAKARTA -14450 KIB BUILDING JALAN PLUIT BARAT 1 NO. 55 GOLD COAST TOWER EIFFEL EIFFEL UNIT N PANTAI INDAH KAPUK Bambang B. Suwarso bambang.suwarso@kib-consulting.com Rachmat Kurniawan rachmat@kib-consulting.com Yosefine Amelia yosefine@kib-consulting.com www.kib-consulting.com Disclaimer: The facts and opinions stated or expressed in this publication are for information purposes only, and are not necessary and/ or must not be relied upon as being to those of the publisher or of the Institutions for which the contributing authors work. Although every part of content has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the infor- mation contained within this publication, it should not be by any person relied upon as the basis for taking any action or making any decision. KIB Consulting and its representative, cannot be held liable or otherwise be respon- sible in any way for any advice, action taken or decision made on the basis of the facts, surveys, and opinions stated or expressed within this publication. Scan for more information Picture: Smart City Summit & Expo – Taipei, March 30th, 2023.